Libraries and functions

Upload and clean CARDIA data sets

Clean proteomics data set

Y15 proteomics

Cleaning, transforming clinical data

Local Histogram

#ILA

Trajectory

Wildfire data

Full CARDIA dataset

Y15 vs Y25 risk score

score_correlation <- lm(y25_risk_score ~ y15_risk_score_scaled, data=wide_cardia_log, na.action = na.exclude)
print(summary(score_correlation))
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = y25_risk_score ~ y15_risk_score_scaled, data = wide_cardia_log, 
##     na.action = na.exclude)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -4.4567 -0.4920 -0.0224  0.4025  6.8779 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                       Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)           -0.03511    0.01646  -2.133    0.033 *  
## y15_risk_score_scaled  0.73203    0.01414  51.768   <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.7755 on 2218 degrees of freedom
##   (2578 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.5472, Adjusted R-squared:  0.547 
## F-statistic:  2680 on 1 and 2218 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
sd_y <- sd(wide_cardia_log$y25_risk_score, na.rm = TRUE)


score_plot <- ggplot(wide_cardia_log %>% dplyr::filter(!is.na(y25_risk_score), !is.na(y15_risk_score_scaled)), aes(x = y25_risk_score, y = y15_risk_score_scaled)) +
  geom_point(alpha = 0.6) +
  geom_smooth(method = "lm", se = TRUE) +
  labs(
    x = "Y25 Risk score",
    y = "Y15 risk score",
    title = "Scaled Y25 risk score vs Y15 risk score"
  ) +
  theme_bw()

print(score_plot)
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

ggsave("scaled_score_plot.png", plot = score_plot, width = 6, height = 4, dpi = 300)
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
score_plot <- ggplot(wide_cardia_log %>% dplyr::filter(!is.na(y25_risk_score_unscaled), !is.na(y15_risk_score_unscaled)), aes(x = y25_risk_score_unscaled, y = y15_risk_score_unscaled)) +
  geom_point(alpha = 0.6) +
  geom_smooth(method = "lm", se = TRUE) +
  labs(
    x = "Y25 Risk score",
    y = "Y15 risk score",
    title = "Unscaled Y25 risk score vs Y15 risk score"
  ) +
  theme_bw()


print(score_plot)
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

Definitions

#day = Days with non-zero wildfire PM2.5 between Y20 (~2005) to Y25 (~2010) visit
#wk = Weeks with wildfire PM2.5> 5 μg/m3 between  Y20 (~2005) to Y25 (~2010) visits
#pm25_peakweek = Mean wildfire PM2.5 during peak exposure week between  Y20 (~2005) to Y25 (~2010) visits
#pm25_yr_ave = Mean annual wildfire PM2.5 concentration between  Y20 (~2005) to Y25 (~2010) visits
#wave = Smoke waves ( ≥ 2 consecutive days with > 15 μg/m3 wildfire PM2.5) between  Y20 (~2005) to Y25 (~2010) visits


#risk_score = Respiratory susceptibility proteomic risk socre

Y25 Proteomic susceptibility score - scaled proteins

Tables

## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")

## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")
Association with Y25 Proteomic Susceptibility Risk Score, Univariate models
95% Confidence Interval
Exposure Beta Lower Upper p
Days with non-zero wildfire PM2.5 0.003 0.000 0.006 3.7e-02
Weeks with wildfire PM2.5 > 5 μg/m³ 0.026 0.013 0.038 8.9e-05
Smoke waves (≥ 2 consecutive days with > 15 μg/m³ wildfire PM2.5) -0.001 -0.053 0.051 9.7e-01
Mean wildfire PM2.5 during peak exposure week 0.029 0.005 0.054 1.9e-02
Mean annual wildfire PM2.5 concentration 0.050 0.020 0.081 1.3e-03
Association with Y25 Proteomic Susceptibility Risk Score, Multivariate models (scaled proteins)
95% Confidence Interval
Exposure Beta Lower Upper p
Days with non-zero wildfire PM2.5 0.001 -0.002 0.004 0.4500
Weeks with wildfire PM2.5 > 5 μg/m³ 0.018 0.006 0.029 0.0023
Smoke waves (≥ 2 consecutive days with > 15 μg/m³ wildfire PM2.5) -0.012 -0.057 0.034 0.6200
Mean wildfire PM2.5 during peak exposure week 0.021 -0.001 0.043 0.0570
Mean annual wildfire PM2.5 concentration 0.041 0.014 0.068 0.0029
Note:
Models adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking packyears, education, and BMI 
## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")
Association between Y25 Proteomic Susceptibility Risk Score and annual wildfire PM2.5 quartiles (Q2–Q4 vs Q1)
95% Confidence Interval
Quartile of annual wildfire PM2.5 Beta Lower Upper p
Q2 vs Q1 0.098 -0.007 0.204 0.06800
Q3 vs Q1 0.077 -0.029 0.183 0.15000
Q4 vs Q1 0.181 0.075 0.287 0.00082
Note:
Model adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI. 
## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")
Association between Scaled Y25 Proteomic Susceptibility Risk Score and wildfire week quartiles (Q2–Q4 vs Q1)
95% Confidence Interval
Quartile of wildfire weeks Beta Lower Upper p
Q2 vs Q1 0.039 -0.076 0.153 0.51000
Q3 vs Q1 0.034 -0.054 0.122 0.45000
Q4 vs Q1 0.193 0.083 0.304 0.00062
Note:
Model adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI.

Y25 Proteomic susceptibility score - unscaled proteins

Tables

## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")

## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")
Association with Y25 Proteomic Susceptibility Risk Score, Univariate models
95% Confidence Interval
Exposure Beta Lower Upper p
Days with non-zero wildfire PM2.5 0.001 0.000 0.003 0.1100
Weeks with wildfire PM2.5 > 5 μg/m³ 0.010 0.004 0.016 0.0013
Smoke waves (≥ 2 consecutive days with > 15 μg/m³ wildfire PM2.5) -0.010 -0.034 0.014 0.4000
Mean wildfire PM2.5 during peak exposure week 0.008 -0.003 0.020 0.1400
Mean annual wildfire PM2.5 concentration 0.020 0.006 0.034 0.0061
Association with Unscaled Y25 Proteomic Susceptibility Risk Score, Multivariate models
95% Confidence Interval
Exposure Beta Lower Upper p
Days with non-zero wildfire PM2.5 0.000 -0.001 0.002 0.670
Weeks with wildfire PM2.5 > 5 μg/m³ 0.006 0.000 0.011 0.039
Smoke waves (≥ 2 consecutive days with > 15 μg/m³ wildfire PM2.5) -0.015 -0.037 0.006 0.160
Mean wildfire PM2.5 during peak exposure week 0.004 -0.006 0.014 0.450
Mean annual wildfire PM2.5 concentration 0.014 0.002 0.027 0.026
Note:
Models adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking packyears, education, and BMI 
## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")
Association between Y25 Proteomic Susceptibility Risk Score and annual wildfire PM2.5 quartiles (Q2–Q4 vs Q1)
95% Confidence Interval
Quartile of annual wildfire PM2.5 Beta Lower Upper p
Q2 vs Q1 0.032 -0.017 0.081 0.20
Q3 vs Q1 0.005 -0.044 0.054 0.84
Q4 vs Q1 0.065 0.015 0.114 0.01
Note:
Model adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI. 
## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")
Association between Y25 Proteomic Susceptibility Risk Score and wildfire week quartiles (Q2–Q4 vs Q1)
95% Confidence Interval
Quartile of wildfire weeks Beta Lower Upper p
Q2 vs Q1 0.001 -0.053 0.054 0.9700
Q3 vs Q1 -0.014 -0.055 0.027 0.5000
Q4 vs Q1 0.079 0.027 0.130 0.0029
Note:
Model adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI.

Y15 Proteomic susceptibility score - unscaled proteins

Tables

## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")

## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")
Association with Y15 Proteomic Susceptibility Risk Score, Univariate models
95% Confidence Interval
Exposure Beta Lower Upper p
Days with non-zero wildfire PM2.5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.480
Weeks with wildfire PM2.5 > 5 μg/m³ 0.001 0.000 0.002 0.048
Smoke waves (≥ 2 consecutive days with > 15 μg/m³ wildfire PM2.5) -0.002 -0.005 0.002 0.380
Mean wildfire PM2.5 during peak exposure week 0.001 -0.001 0.003 0.250
Mean annual wildfire PM2.5 concentration 0.002 0.000 0.004 0.069
Association with Y15 Proteomic Susceptibility Risk Score, Multivariate models
95% Confidence Interval
Exposure Beta Lower Upper p
Days with non-zero wildfire PM2.5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.310
Weeks with wildfire PM2.5 > 5 μg/m³ 0.000 -0.001 0.001 0.890
Smoke waves (≥ 2 consecutive days with > 15 μg/m³ wildfire PM2.5) -0.004 -0.007 -0.001 0.011
Mean wildfire PM2.5 during peak exposure week 0.000 -0.002 0.001 0.680
Mean annual wildfire PM2.5 concentration 0.000 -0.001 0.002 0.660
Note:
Models adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking packyears, education, and BMI 
## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")
Association between Y15 Proteomic Susceptibility Risk Score and annual wildfire PM2.5 quartiles (Q2–Q4 vs Q1)
95% Confidence Interval
Quartile of annual wildfire PM2.5 Beta Lower Upper p
Q2 vs Q1 0.009 0.002 0.016 0.017
Q3 vs Q1 -0.003 -0.010 0.005 0.480
Q4 vs Q1 0.005 -0.002 0.012 0.180
Note:
Model adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI. 
## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")
Association between Y15 Proteomic Susceptibility Risk Score and wildfire week quartiles (Q2–Q4 vs Q1)
95% Confidence Interval
Quartile of wildfire weeks Beta Lower Upper p
Q2 vs Q1 0.000 -0.008 0.008 0.97
Q3 vs Q1 -0.004 -0.010 0.002 0.15
Q4 vs Q1 0.004 -0.003 0.011 0.30
Note:
Model adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI.

Absolute change in proteomic susceptibility score

change_riskscore = y25_risk_score - y15_risk_score

Tables

Y25 proteomic risk score, mixed model, scaled proteins

Tables

## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")
Association with change in proteomic risk score (Y15 to Y25): Multivariable mixed models, scaled proteins
Exposure Beta (95% CI) p-value
Days with non-zero wildfire PM2.5 0.00122 (-0.00135, 0.00379) 0.3531556
Weeks with wildfire PM2.5 > 5 μg/m³ 0.00725 (-0.00342, 0.01791) 0.1827617
Mean wildfire PM2.5 during peak exposure week 0.00362 (-0.01710, 0.02434) 0.7319479
Smoke waves (≥ 2 consecutive days with > 15 μg/m³ wildfire PM2.5) 0.00461 (-0.03867, 0.04788) 0.8346074
Mean annual wildfire PM2.5 concentration 0.01569 (-0.00976, 0.04114) 0.2267955
Note:
Models adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking packyears, education, and BMI.

Y25 adjusted for Y15 Proteomic susceptibility score

Tables

Y25 proteomic risk score, mixed model, unscaled proteins

Tables

## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")
Association with change in proteomic risk score (Y15 to Y25): Multivariable mixed models, unscaled proteins
Exposure Beta (95% CI) p-value
Days with non-zero wildfire PM2.5 0.00141 (-0.00011, 0.00293) 0.0684442
Weeks with wildfire PM2.5 > 5 μg/m³ 0.01098 (0.00468, 0.01729) 0.0006451
Mean wildfire PM2.5 during peak exposure week 0.01268 (0.00044, 0.02491) 0.0423034
Smoke waves (≥ 2 consecutive days with > 15 μg/m³ wildfire PM2.5) -0.00018 (-0.02574, 0.02538) 0.9891042
Mean annual wildfire PM2.5 concentration 0.02404 (0.00900, 0.03908) 0.0017379
Note:
Models adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking packyears, education, and BMI.

Change in FEV1 percent predicted over 10 years

absolute yearly change adjusted for baseline lung function

Tables

## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")

## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")
Association with FEV1 % predicted change (Y20 to Y30): Univariate models
95% Confidence Interval
Exposure Beta Lower Upper p
Days with non-zero wildfire PM2.5 -0.008 -0.011 -0.006 0.0e+00
Weeks with wildfire PM2.5 > 5 μg/m³ -0.060 -0.070 -0.050 0.0e+00
Smoke waves (≥ 2 consecutive days with > 15 μg/m³ wildfire PM2.5) -0.099 -0.144 -0.054 1.5e-05
Mean wildfire PM2.5 during peak exposure week -0.110 -0.130 -0.089 0.0e+00
Mean annual wildfire PM2.5 concentration -0.159 -0.184 -0.134 0.0e+00
Association with FEV1 % predicted change (Y20 to Y30): Multivariate models
95% Confidence Interval
Exposure Beta Lower Upper p
Days with non-zero wildfire PM2.5 -0.006 -0.009 -0.003 4.4e-06
Weeks with wildfire PM2.5 > 5 μg/m³ -0.051 -0.061 -0.040 0.0e+00
Smoke waves (≥ 2 consecutive days with > 15 μg/m³ wildfire PM2.5) -0.076 -0.121 -0.032 8.5e-04
Mean wildfire PM2.5 during peak exposure week -0.096 -0.116 -0.075 0.0e+00
Mean annual wildfire PM2.5 concentration -0.139 -0.164 -0.114 0.0e+00
Note:
Models adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking packyears, education, and BMI 
## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")
Association between FEV1 % predicted change (Y20 to Y30) and annual wildfire PM2.5 quartiles (Q2–Q4 vs Q1)
95% Confidence Interval
Quartile of annual wildfire PM2.5 Beta Lower Upper p
Q2 vs Q1 -0.423 -0.520 -0.327 0
Q3 vs Q1 -0.488 -0.585 -0.390 0
Q4 vs Q1 -0.526 -0.623 -0.429 0
Note:
Model adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI. 
## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")
Association between FEV1 % predicted change (Y20 to Y30) and wildfire week quartiles (Q2–Q4 vs Q1)
95% Confidence Interval
Quartile of wildfire weeks Beta Lower Upper p
Q2 vs Q1 -0.385 -0.493 -0.278 0
Q3 vs Q1 -0.334 -0.417 -0.251 0
Q4 vs Q1 -0.424 -0.528 -0.320 0
Note:
Model adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI. 
## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")
Association between FEV1 % predicted change (Y20 to Y30) and wildfire days quartiles (Q2–Q4 vs Q1)
95% Confidence Interval
Quartile of wildfire weeks Beta Lower Upper p
Q2 vs Q1 -0.046 -0.143 0.051 3.5e-01
Q3 vs Q1 -0.202 -0.298 -0.106 3.8e-05
Q4 vs Q1 -0.241 -0.340 -0.141 2.2e-06
Note:
Model adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI. 
## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")
Association between FEV1 % predicted change (Y20 to Y30) and mean PM2.5 during peak week quartiles (Q2–Q4 vs Q1)
95% Confidence Interval
Quartile of mean PM2.5 during peak week Beta Lower Upper p
Q2 vs Q1 -0.469 -0.566 -0.373 0
Q3 vs Q1 -0.558 -0.653 -0.463 0
Q4 vs Q1 -0.403 -0.503 -0.303 0
Note:
Model adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI.

Change in FEV1, mixed model

Tables

## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")
Association with FEV1 % predicted change (Y20 to Y30): Multivariable mixed models
Exposure Beta (95% CI) p-value
Days with non-zero wildfire PM2.5 -0.08 (-0.11, -0.06) 0.00e+00
Weeks with wildfire PM2.5 > 5 μg/m³ -0.60 (-0.70, -0.50) 0.00e+00
Mean wildfire PM2.5 during peak exposure week -1.10 (-1.30, -0.90) 0.00e+00
Smoke waves (≥ 2 consecutive days with > 15 μg/m³ wildfire PM2.5) -0.98 (-1.42, -0.53) 1.59e-05
Mean annual wildfire PM2.5 concentration -1.59 (-1.84, -1.35) 0.00e+00
Note:
Models adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking packyears, education, and BMI.

Change in FVC percent predicted over 10 years

Absolute change , adjusted for baseline

Tables

## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")

## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")
Association with FVC change (Y20 to Y30) : univariate models
95% Confidence Interval
Exposure Beta Lower Upper p
Days with non-zero wildfire PM2.5 -0.008 -0.011 -0.006 0.0e+00
Weeks with wildfire PM2.5 > 5 μg/m³ -0.060 -0.070 -0.050 0.0e+00
Smoke waves (≥ 2 consecutive days with > 15 μg/m³ wildfire PM2.5) -0.099 -0.144 -0.054 1.5e-05
Mean wildfire PM2.5 during peak exposure week -0.110 -0.130 -0.089 0.0e+00
Mean annual wildfire PM2.5 concentration -0.159 -0.184 -0.134 0.0e+00
Association with FVC change (Y20 to Y30) : multivariate models
95% Confidence Interval
Exposure Beta Lower Upper p
Days with non-zero wildfire PM2.5 -0.006 -0.008 -0.003 1.1e-05
Weeks with wildfire PM2.5 > 5 μg/m³ -0.050 -0.060 -0.039 0.0e+00
Smoke waves (≥ 2 consecutive days with > 15 μg/m³ wildfire PM2.5) -0.067 -0.112 -0.023 3.2e-03
Mean wildfire PM2.5 during peak exposure week -0.092 -0.113 -0.072 0.0e+00
Mean annual wildfire PM2.5 concentration -0.135 -0.160 -0.110 0.0e+00
Note:
Models adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking packyears, education, and BMI 
## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")
Association between FVC % predicted change (Y20 to Y30) and annual wildfire PM2.5 quartiles (Q2–Q4 vs Q1)
95% Confidence Interval
Quartile of annual wildfire PM2.5 Beta Lower Upper p
Q2 vs Q1 -0.426 -0.522 -0.330 0
Q3 vs Q1 -0.476 -0.573 -0.378 0
Q4 vs Q1 -0.516 -0.613 -0.419 0
Note:
Model adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI. 
## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")
Association between FVC % predicted change (Y20 to Y30) and wildfire week quartiles (Q2–Q4 vs Q1)
95% Confidence Interval
Quartile of wildfire weeks Beta Lower Upper p
Q2 vs Q1 -0.379 -0.486 -0.271 0
Q3 vs Q1 -0.319 -0.403 -0.236 0
Q4 vs Q1 -0.417 -0.521 -0.313 0
Note:
Model adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI. 
## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")
Association between FVC % predicted change (Y20 to Y30) and wildfire days quartiles (Q2–Q4 vs Q1)
95% Confidence Interval
Quartile of wildfire weeks Beta Lower Upper p
Q2 vs Q1 -0.050 -0.147 0.047 3.1e-01
Q3 vs Q1 -0.196 -0.292 -0.100 6.1e-05
Q4 vs Q1 -0.232 -0.331 -0.132 5.2e-06
Note:
Model adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI. 
## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")
Association between FVC % predicted change (Y20 to Y30) and mean PM2.5 during peak week quartiles (Q2–Q4 vs Q1)
95% Confidence Interval
Quartile of mean PM2.5 during peak week Beta Lower Upper p
Q2 vs Q1 -0.467 -0.563 -0.370 0
Q3 vs Q1 -0.548 -0.643 -0.453 0
Q4 vs Q1 -0.390 -0.489 -0.290 0
Note:
Model adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI.

Change in FVC, mixed model

Tables

## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")
Association with FVC % predicted change (Y20 to Y30): Multivariable mixed models
Exposure Beta (95% CI) p-value
Days with non-zero wildfire PM2.5 -0.04 (-0.07, -0.02) 0.0004909
Weeks with wildfire PM2.5 > 5 μg/m³ -0.43 (-0.54, -0.33) 0.0000000
Mean wildfire PM2.5 during peak exposure week -0.83 (-1.03, -0.63) 0.0000000
Smoke waves (≥ 2 consecutive days with > 15 μg/m³ wildfire PM2.5) -0.34 (-0.77, 0.10) 0.1313979
Mean annual wildfire PM2.5 concentration -1.20 (-1.44, -0.96) 0.0000000
Note:
Models adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking packyears, education, and BMI.

Table of FEV1 change, FVC change, risk score combined

CRP at year 25

Tables

Change in CRP from year 20 to year 25

Tables

Incident obstruction

Tables

## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")

## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")
Incident obstruction, Univariate logistic regression models
95% Confidence Interval
Exposure OR Lower Upper p
Days with non-zero wildfire PM2.5 1.011 1.000 1.022 4.0e-02
Weeks with wildfire PM2.5 > 5 μg/m³ 1.078 1.031 1.127 8.6e-04
Smoke waves (≥ 2 consecutive days with > 15 μg/m³ wildfire PM2.5) 1.434 1.210 1.692 2.5e-05
Mean wildfire PM2.5 during peak exposure week 1.177 1.078 1.286 2.8e-04
Mean annual wildfire PM2.5 concentration 1.241 1.117 1.379 6.1e-05
Incident obstruction, Multivariate logistic regression models
95% Confidence Interval
Exposure OR Lower Upper p
Days with non-zero wildfire PM2.5 1.005 0.994 1.016 0.37000
Weeks with wildfire PM2.5 > 5 μg/m³ 1.059 1.011 1.108 0.01500
Smoke waves (≥ 2 consecutive days with > 15 μg/m³ wildfire PM2.5) 1.308 1.096 1.554 0.00250
Mean wildfire PM2.5 during peak exposure week 1.141 1.043 1.250 0.00440
Mean annual wildfire PM2.5 concentration 1.205 1.079 1.346 0.00095
Note:
Models adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking packyears, education, and BMI 
## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")
Incident obstruction, Odds ratios for annual wildfire PM2.5 quartiles (Q2–Q4 vs Q1)
95% Confidence Interval
Exposure OR Lower Upper p
Q2 vs Q1 1.037 0.642 1.677 0.8800
Q3 vs Q1 1.084 0.680 1.735 0.7300
Q4 vs Q1 1.874 1.231 2.896 0.0039
Note:
Model adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI. 
## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
## Use 'xfun::attr2()' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")
Incident obstruction, Odds ratios for mean PM2.5 during peak week quartiles (Q2–Q4 vs Q1)
95% Confidence Interval
Exposure OR Lower Upper p
Q2 vs Q1 0.883 0.535 1.452 0.620
Q3 vs Q1 1.453 0.939 2.273 0.096
Q4 vs Q1 1.717 1.114 2.678 0.015
Note:
Model adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI. 
## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
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Incident obstruction, Odds ratios for wildfire week quartiles (Q2–Q4 vs Q1)
95% Confidence Interval
Exposure OR Lower Upper p
Q2 vs Q1 1.258 0.730 2.105 0.3900
Q3 vs Q1 1.765 1.216 2.583 0.0031
Q4 vs Q1 1.739 1.090 2.745 0.0190
Note:
Model adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI. 
## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
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Incident obstruction, Odds ratios for non-zero wildfire smoke days quartiles (Q2–Q4 vs Q1)
95% Confidence Interval
Exposure OR Lower Upper p
Q2 vs Q1 0.461 0.271 0.760 0.0031
Q3 vs Q1 0.911 0.608 1.363 0.6500
Q4 vs Q1 1.081 0.723 1.616 0.7100
Note:
Model adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI.

Incident restriction

Tables

## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
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## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
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Incident restriction, Univariate logistic regression models
95% Confidence Interval
Exposure OR Lower Upper p
Days with non-zero wildfire PM2.5 1.006 0.994 1.017 0.320
Weeks with wildfire PM2.5 > 5 μg/m³ 1.055 1.006 1.105 0.026
Smoke waves (≥ 2 consecutive days with > 15 μg/m³ wildfire PM2.5) 0.800 0.636 0.990 0.047
Mean wildfire PM2.5 during peak exposure week 1.061 0.968 1.163 0.210
Mean annual wildfire PM2.5 concentration 1.139 1.018 1.273 0.023
Incident restriction, Multivariate logistic regression models
95% Confidence Interval
Exposure OR Lower Upper p
Days with non-zero wildfire PM2.5 1.005 0.993 1.017 0.430
Weeks with wildfire PM2.5 > 5 μg/m³ 1.059 1.008 1.113 0.022
Smoke waves (≥ 2 consecutive days with > 15 μg/m³ wildfire PM2.5) 0.866 0.680 1.088 0.230
Mean wildfire PM2.5 during peak exposure week 1.115 1.005 1.238 0.041
Mean annual wildfire PM2.5 concentration 1.165 1.034 1.313 0.012
Note:
Models adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking packyears, education, and BMI 
## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
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Incident restriction, Odds ratios for annual wildfire PM2.5 quartiles (Q2–Q4 vs Q1)
95% Confidence Interval
Exposure OR Lower Upper p
Q2 vs Q1 2.170 1.320 3.661 0.0028
Q3 vs Q1 1.788 1.059 3.079 0.0320
Q4 vs Q1 2.172 1.308 3.695 0.0033
Note:
Model adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI. 
## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
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Incident restriction, Odds ratios for mean PM2.5 during peak week quartiles (Q2–Q4 vs Q1)
95% Confidence Interval
Exposure OR Lower Upper p
Q2 vs Q1 1.664 1.019 2.777 0.04600
Q3 vs Q1 2.312 1.446 3.796 0.00063
Q4 vs Q1 1.297 0.715 2.337 0.39000
Note:
Model adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI. 
## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
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Incident restriction, Odds ratios for wildfire week quartiles (Q2–Q4 vs Q1)
95% Confidence Interval
Exposure OR Lower Upper p
Q2 vs Q1 1.399 0.867 2.227 0.160
Q3 vs Q1 1.105 0.720 1.692 0.640
Q4 vs Q1 1.690 1.058 2.673 0.026
Note:
Model adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI. 
## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
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Incident restriction, Odds ratios for non-zero wildfire smoke days quartiles (Q2–Q4 vs Q1)
95% Confidence Interval
Exposure OR Lower Upper p
Q2 vs Q1 1.254 0.794 1.988 0.33
Q3 vs Q1 1.196 0.743 1.925 0.46
Q4 vs Q1 1.246 0.782 1.990 0.35
Note:
Model adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI.

Incident PRISm

Tables

## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
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## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
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Incident PRISm, Univariate logistic regression models
95% Confidence Interval
Exposure OR Lower Upper p
Days with non-zero wildfire PM2.5 1.007 0.996 1.018 0.2100
Weeks with wildfire PM2.5 > 5 μg/m³ 1.040 0.994 1.087 0.0860
Smoke waves (≥ 2 consecutive days with > 15 μg/m³ wildfire PM2.5) 0.915 0.747 1.108 0.3800
Mean wildfire PM2.5 during peak exposure week 1.059 0.970 1.156 0.2000
Mean annual wildfire PM2.5 concentration 1.160 1.043 1.290 0.0062
Incident PRISm, Multivariate logistic regression models
95% Confidence Interval
Exposure OR Lower Upper p
Days with non-zero wildfire PM2.5 1.008 0.996 1.019 0.190
Weeks with wildfire PM2.5 > 5 μg/m³ 1.051 1.003 1.102 0.035
Smoke waves (≥ 2 consecutive days with > 15 μg/m³ wildfire PM2.5) 1.020 0.823 1.250 0.860
Mean wildfire PM2.5 during peak exposure week 1.122 1.019 1.238 0.020
Mean annual wildfire PM2.5 concentration 1.207 1.079 1.351 0.001
Note:
Models adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking packyears, education, and BMI 
## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
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Incident PRISm, Odds ratios for annual wildfire PM2.5 quartiles (Q2–Q4 vs Q1)
95% Confidence Interval
Exposure OR Lower Upper p
Q2 vs Q1 2.280 1.395 3.827 0.00130
Q3 vs Q1 2.185 1.320 3.706 0.00290
Q4 vs Q1 2.607 1.597 4.376 0.00018
Note:
Model adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI. 
## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
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Incident PRISm, Odds ratios for mean PM2.5 during peak week quartiles (Q2–Q4 vs Q1)
95% Confidence Interval
Exposure OR Lower Upper p
Q2 vs Q1 2.122 1.323 3.491 0.00230
Q3 vs Q1 2.487 1.566 4.060 0.00017
Q4 vs Q1 1.510 0.859 2.662 0.15000
Note:
Model adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI. 
## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
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Incident PRISm, Odds ratios for wildfire week quartiles (Q2–Q4 vs Q1)
95% Confidence Interval
Exposure OR Lower Upper p
Q2 vs Q1 1.588 1.012 2.466 0.041
Q3 vs Q1 1.213 0.810 1.813 0.350
Q4 vs Q1 1.658 1.052 2.586 0.027
Note:
Model adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI. 
## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
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Incident PRISm, Odds ratios for non-zero wildfire smoke days quartiles (Q2–Q4 vs Q1)
95% Confidence Interval
Exposure OR Lower Upper p
Q2 vs Q1 1.309 0.847 2.032 0.230
Q3 vs Q1 1.046 0.652 1.671 0.850
Q4 vs Q1 1.541 1.000 2.386 0.051
Note:
Model adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI.

Table with incident obstruction and prism

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Association between wildfire PM2.5 exposures and incident airflow obstruction and PRISm
Incident Obstruction
Incident PRISm
Exposure Obstruction OR (95% CI) Obstruction p PRISm OR (95% CI) PRISm p
Days with non-zero wildfire PM2.5 1 (0.994–1.02) 0.370 1.01 (0.996–1.02) 0.190
Weeks with wildfire PM2.5 > 5 μg/m³ 1.06 (1.01–1.11) 0.015 1.05 (1–1.1) 0.035
Smoke waves (≥ 2 consecutive days with > 15 μg/m³ wildfire PM2.5) 1.31 (1.1–1.55) 0.002 1.02 (0.823–1.25) 0.860
Mean wildfire PM2.5 during peak exposure week 1.14 (1.04–1.25) 0.004 1.12 (1.02–1.24) 0.020
Mean annual wildfire PM2.5 concentration 1.2 (1.08–1.35) <0.001 1.21 (1.08–1.35) 0.001
Note:
Multivariable logistic models adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI.

Table with quartile of wildfire weeks and outcomes

Change in FEV1 and weeks with wildfire smoke, Figure

Mixed model

OLD : Change in FEV1 and weeks with wildfire smoke, Figure

Change in FVC and weeks with wildfire smoke, Figure

Mixed model

OLD: Change in FVC % predicted over 10 years and weeks with wildfire smoke, Figure

Change proteomic score and weeks with wildfire smoke, Figure

Mixed model

Moderation analysis with change in FVC % predicted

Change in FEV1 association with wildfire weeks, stratified by sex

Change in FEV1 association with wildfire weeks, stratified by race

Change in FEV1 association with wildfire weeks, stratified by obesity

Change in FEV1 association with wildfire weeks, stratified by smoking group

QIA

Norm HA

ILA

Incident emphysema

Yearly avg wildfire PM2.5 and association with proteins, univariate

Worsening Volcano Plot (Univariate)

##Ideal/Good/Impaired vs Worsening MV linear regression

Table 1 - Weeks with wildfire PM2.5> 5 μg/m3 between

Table 1 - Mean wildfire PM2.5 concentration between Y20 (~2005) to Y25 (~2010) visits

Cohort characteristics

##    Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max.    NA's 
##  0.0462  1.1386  2.5237  2.3951  3.3003  7.3566       6
## [1] 1.396279
##     Min.  1st Qu.   Median     Mean  3rd Qu.     Max.     NA's 
##  0.08121  2.08330  3.37265  3.32336  4.55949 10.09616        6
## [1] 1.721013
##    Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
##   0.000   3.000   4.000   4.811   8.000  15.000
## [1] 3.332571
##    Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
##    0.00   22.00   32.00   34.47   43.00  119.00
## [1] 13.72817
##    Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
##  0.0000  0.0000  0.0000  0.5558  1.0000  4.0000
## [1] 0.7888318

Stratified by center

## Warning: Removed 10 rows containing non-finite values (`stat_ydensity()`).
## Warning: Removed 10 rows containing non-finite values (`stat_boxplot()`).

## Warning: Removed 10 rows containing non-finite values (`stat_ydensity()`).
## Removed 10 rows containing non-finite values (`stat_boxplot()`).

Birmingham

Change in FEV1, mixed model

Tables

Change in FVC, mixed model

Tables

Combined Table

## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
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Birmingham: Association between wildfire PM2.5 exposures and yearly FEV1 change and yearly FVC change
Yearly FEV1 change
Yearly FVC change
Exposure Yearly FEV1 Change beta (95% CI) FEV p Yearly FVC Change beta (95% CI) FVC p
Days with non-zero wildfire PM2.5 0.02 (-0.05, 0.09) 0.5705390 0.02 (-0.06, 0.09) 0.6736832
Weeks with wildfire PM2.5 > 5 μg/m³ 0.15 (-0.32, 0.62) 0.5307437 0.03 (-0.49, 0.56) 0.8987076
Mean wildfire PM2.5 during peak exposure week 0.26 (-0.60, 1.11) 0.5559013 -0.07 (-1.02, 0.87) 0.8826651
Smoke waves (≥ 2 consecutive days with > 15 μg/m³ wildfire PM2.5) 1.28 (-0.90, 3.45) 0.2504682 1.23 (-1.18, 3.64) 0.3171351
Mean annual wildfire PM2.5 concentration -0.28 (-1.20, 0.65) 0.5542264 -0.59 (-1.62, 0.43) 0.2583872
Note:
Multivariable linear models adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI.

Chicago

Change in FEV1, mixed model

Tables

Change in FVC, mixed model

Tables

Combined table

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Chicago: Association between wildfire PM2.5 exposures and yearly FEV1 change and yearly FVC change
Yearly FEV1 change
Yearly FVC change
Exposure Yearly FEV1 Change beta (95% CI) FEV p Yearly FVC Change beta (95% CI) FVC p
Days with non-zero wildfire PM2.5 -0.06 (-0.12, 0.00) 0.0673690 -0.04 (-0.09, 0.02) 0.1882826
Weeks with wildfire PM2.5 > 5 μg/m³ -0.19 (-0.44, 0.05) 0.1256249 -0.15 (-0.37, 0.07) 0.1847360
Mean wildfire PM2.5 during peak exposure week -0.15 (-0.72, 0.42) 0.6043769 0.00 (-0.50, 0.50) 0.9974888
Smoke waves (≥ 2 consecutive days with > 15 μg/m³ wildfire PM2.5) 0.18 (-0.95, 1.32) 0.7510200 0.26 (-0.75, 1.27) 0.6082504
Mean annual wildfire PM2.5 concentration -0.58 (-1.19, 0.02) 0.0597736 -0.29 (-0.83, 0.25) 0.2956095
Note:
Multivariable linear models adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI.

Minneapolis

Change in FEV1, mixed model

Tables

Change in FVC, mixed model

Tables

Combined Tables

## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
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Minneapolis: Association between wildfire PM2.5 exposures and yearly FEV1 change and yearly FVC change
Yearly FEV1 change
Yearly FVC change
Exposure Yearly FEV1 Change beta (95% CI) FEV p Yearly FVC Change beta (95% CI) FVC p
Days with non-zero wildfire PM2.5 -0.03 (-0.09, 0.03) 0.3550176 -0.03 (-0.09, 0.03) 0.3927598
Weeks with wildfire PM2.5 > 5 μg/m³ 0.22 (-0.09, 0.54) 0.1662960 0.23 (-0.07, 0.54) 0.1365909
Mean wildfire PM2.5 during peak exposure week 0.52 (-0.04, 1.08) 0.0670499 0.49 (-0.05, 1.04) 0.0764859
Smoke waves (≥ 2 consecutive days with > 15 μg/m³ wildfire PM2.5) 0.73 (-0.14, 1.59) 0.0987228 0.62 (-0.22, 1.47) 0.1467164
Mean annual wildfire PM2.5 concentration 0.34 (-0.46, 1.14) 0.4047866 0.49 (-0.30, 1.27) 0.2234284
Note:
Multivariable linear models adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI.

Oakland

Change in FEV1, mixed model

Tables

Change in FVC, mixed model

Tables

Combined Tables

## Warning: 'xfun::attr()' is deprecated.
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Oakland: Association between wildfire PM2.5 exposures and yearly FEV1 change and yearly FVC change
Yearly FEV1 change
Yearly FVC change
Exposure Yearly FEV1 Change beta (95% CI) FEV p Yearly FVC Change beta (95% CI) FVC p
Days with non-zero wildfire PM2.5 -0.01 (-0.06, 0.04) 0.6085596 -0.01 (-0.06, 0.04) 0.7038115
Weeks with wildfire PM2.5 > 5 μg/m³ -0.11 (-0.42, 0.19) 0.4754658 -0.02 (-0.32, 0.28) 0.8773601
Mean wildfire PM2.5 during peak exposure week -0.23 (-0.66, 0.20) 0.2864528 -0.10 (-0.52, 0.32) 0.6445987
Smoke waves (≥ 2 consecutive days with > 15 μg/m³ wildfire PM2.5) -0.91 (-3.29, 1.47) 0.4534668 0.09 (-2.25, 2.43) 0.9395619
Mean annual wildfire PM2.5 concentration -0.38 (-0.97, 0.22) 0.2132695 -0.15 (-0.73, 0.44) 0.6278374
Note:
Multivariable linear models adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, and BMI.