4.3.1 Install the packages**

#install.packages( c("ggplot2", "tidyverse", "psych", "gganimate", "ggpubr", "ggstatsplot","patchwork","plotly", "rio", "gifski", "easystats", "gtsummary", "flextable", "dlookr", "esquisse", "kableExtra", "tm", "wordcloud", "RColorBrewer"))

4.3.2 Load the necessary packages**

This package provides a set of useful functions for data manipulation and visualization.

library(ggplot2)       ## for data visualization
library(rio)           ## For easy data import, export(saving) and conversion
library(tidyverse)     ## for data manipulation
library(psych)         ## for description of  data
library(ggstatsplot)   ## Integrates statistical tests directly into your visualizations
library(patchwork)     ## Easily combines multiple plots into cohesive layouts
library(gganimate)     ## Adds dynamic animations to your visualizations
library(ggtext)        ## Adds rich test formatting capabilities to your plots
library(plotly)        ## Convert to interactive plot
library(easystats)     ## For statistical modeling & reporting
library(summarytools)  ## for summarizing data
library(sjmisc)        ## for data manipulation
library(geomtextpath)  ## combines text & paths for creative labeling along lines
library(ggdist)        ## Enhance visual representation of distribution & uncertainty
library(gghighlight)   ## Highlights specific data points or groups in your plots
library(ggiraph)       ## Makes your plots interactive with hover & click features
library(ggpubr)        ## Simplifies ggplot2-based visualization and statistical comparisons
library(ggrepel)       ## Improves readability by preventing overlapping text labels
library(gifski)        ## Provides a high-quality GIF encoder
library(GWalkR)        ## For interactive exploratory data analysis
library(esquisse)      ## GUI for creating ggplot2 plots interactively

4.6.1 Explore the dataset

dim(SMdata)           # for dimensions of dataset

[1] 500  11

str(SMdata)           # for structure of dataset

'data.frame':   500 obs. of  11 variables:
 $ Region           : chr  "Low Risk" "Coastal" "Highland" "Low Risk" ...
 $ Year             : int  2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 ...
 $ Month            : chr  "Sep" "May" "Jul" "Dec" ...
 $ Age              : chr  "5 to 14" "5 to 14" "5 to 14" "5 to 14" ...
 $ Intervention_Type: chr  "Vaccinations" "Vaccinations" "Bed nets" "Vaccinations" ...
 $ Total            : int  25 380 271 26 275 60 420 106 14 452 ...
 $ Positive         : int  1 158 103 1 124 27 95 28 0 197 ...
 $ Incidence_Rate   : num  0.038 0.416 0.379 0.037 0.45 0.442 0.226 0.265 0.029 0.436 ...
 $ Latitude         : num  1.398 -3.858 0.54 1.355 0.451 ...
 $ Longitude        : num  38.5 40.2 35.6 38.2 37 ...
 $ time             : int  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...

names(SMdata)         # for features/ variable names in the dataset

 [1] "Region"            "Year"              "Month"            
 [4] "Age"               "Intervention_Type" "Total"            
 [7] "Positive"          "Incidence_Rate"    "Latitude"         
[10] "Longitude"         "time"             

describe(SMdata)      # for descriptive statistics

                   vars   n    mean     sd  median trimmed    mad     min
Region*               1 500    2.93   1.41    3.00    2.91   1.48    1.00
Year                  2 500 2023.49   1.13 2023.00 2023.49   1.48 2022.00
Month*                3 500    6.39   3.52    6.00    6.35   4.45    1.00
Age*                  4 500    2.02   0.81    2.00    2.02   1.48    1.00
Intervention_Type*    5 500    2.46   1.12    3.00    2.45   1.48    1.00
Total                 6 500  225.94 149.39  212.50  221.87 199.41   10.00
Positive              7 500   61.44  54.66   48.00   54.85  56.34    0.00
Incidence_Rate        8 500    0.23   0.15    0.23    0.23   0.20    0.01
Latitude              9 500   -0.31   1.87    0.38   -0.08   0.76   -4.50
Longitude            10 500   36.97   1.91   36.41   36.91   2.25   34.03
time                 11 500    6.47   3.45    6.00    6.46   4.45    1.00
                       max  range  skew kurtosis   se
Region*               5.00   4.00  0.09    -1.29 0.06
Year               2025.00   3.00  0.01    -1.38 0.05
Month*               12.00  11.00  0.06    -1.29 0.16
Age*                  3.00   2.00 -0.03    -1.49 0.04
Intervention_Type*    4.00   3.00  0.01    -1.37 0.05
Total               499.00 489.00  0.15    -1.32 6.68
Positive            226.00 226.00  0.85    -0.11 2.44
Incidence_Rate        0.50   0.49  0.09    -1.28 0.01
Latitude              1.99   6.48 -1.17    -0.11 0.08
Longitude            40.50   6.47  0.36    -1.00 0.09
time                 12.00  11.00  0.01    -1.22 0.15

4.6.2 Explore individual columns/variables

# Explore individual columns/variables

unique(SMdata$Region)                          # unique values for single column

[1] "Low Risk"   "Coastal"    "Highland"   "Seasonal"   "Lake Basin"

table(SMdata$Region)                           # frequency for a single column

   Coastal   Highland Lake Basin   Low Risk   Seasonal 
       104        109        101         90         96 

table(SMdata$Region, SMdata$Intervention_Type) # frequencies for multiple columns

            
             Bed nets Indoor spraying None Vaccinations
  Coastal          30              22   23           29
  Highland         30              22   37           20
  Lake Basin       24              23   29           25
  Low Risk         19              29   21           21
  Seasonal         32              18   26           20

4.6.3 Diagnose the dataset

# Create a publication-ready diagnostic summary table

library(flextable)    # Creates highly customizable tables suitable for reporting and publication
library(dlookr)       # Analyzes the structure and quality of the dataset

diagnose(SMdata) |> flextable() 

4.8.1 Using select() : Choose specific columns from the dataset.

# load the library
library(dplyr)

# Example: select columns/Variables/features in the data set
SMdata |>
  dplyr::select(Region, Age, Positive)

        Region       Age Positive
1     Low Risk   5 to 14        1
2      Coastal   5 to 14      158
3     Highland   5 to 14      103
4     Low Risk   5 to 14        1
5     Seasonal   5 to 14      124
6     Highland   5 to 14       27
7     Highland   5 to 14       95
8     Highland   5 to 14       28
9     Low Risk   5 to 14        0
10    Highland   5 to 14      197
11     Coastal   5 to 14        3
12  Lake Basin   5 to 14       36
13    Highland   5 to 14      100
14     Coastal   5 to 14      123
15    Seasonal   5 to 14       52
16  Lake Basin   5 to 14       37
17    Seasonal   5 to 14       46
18  Lake Basin   5 to 14       35
19     Coastal   5 to 14       31
20  Lake Basin   5 to 14        9
21    Low Risk   5 to 14        1
22    Low Risk   5 to 14        0
23  Lake Basin   5 to 14       23
24    Highland   5 to 14       81
25  Lake Basin   5 to 14       50
26     Coastal   5 to 14        9
27    Highland   5 to 14       40
28    Highland   5 to 14       54
29     Coastal   5 to 14       92
30    Low Risk   5 to 14        1
31    Seasonal   5 to 14      166
32    Highland   5 to 14      133
33    Low Risk   5 to 14        1
34  Lake Basin   5 to 14       28
35    Seasonal Above >14       74
36    Highland Above >14       61
37    Highland Above >14       22
38    Highland Above >14       30
39    Low Risk Above >14        2
40     Coastal Above >14       88
41    Seasonal Above >14       50
42    Seasonal Above >14      132
43  Lake Basin Above >14      171
44  Lake Basin Above >14       49
45    Highland Above >14       66
46    Seasonal Above >14      134
47  Lake Basin Above >14      107
48    Low Risk Above >14        1
49  Lake Basin Above >14      101
50    Low Risk Above >14        0
51    Low Risk Above >14        0
52     Coastal Above >14       64
53    Low Risk Above >14        0
54     Coastal Above >14       13
55     Coastal Above >14       46
56    Seasonal Above >14       15
57    Low Risk Above >14        2
58     Coastal Above >14       41
59  Lake Basin Above >14      168
60     Coastal Above >14       75
61    Highland Above >14       67
62  Lake Basin Above >14       27
63     Coastal Above >14      105
64  Lake Basin Above >14       42
65    Low Risk Above >14        1
66     Coastal Above >14       44
67  Lake Basin Above >14       29
68    Seasonal Above >14       92
69    Low Risk Above >14        1
70    Seasonal Above >14       40
71    Low Risk Above >14        1
72    Highland Above >14       11
73    Low Risk Above >14        1
74    Seasonal Above >14      125
75    Seasonal Above >14       48
76     Coastal Above >14      178
77  Lake Basin Above >14      126
78     Coastal Above >14       72
79    Seasonal Above >14      121
80    Low Risk Above >14        2
81    Highland Above >14       58
82    Highland Above >14       61
83    Low Risk Above >14        0
84    Low Risk Above >14        0
85    Seasonal Above >14       17
86    Seasonal Above >14       91
87     Coastal  Below <5      160
88    Low Risk  Below <5        0
89  Lake Basin  Below <5       27
90     Coastal  Below <5       73
91    Low Risk  Below <5        0
92    Low Risk  Below <5        0
93    Seasonal  Below <5       36
94     Coastal  Below <5       54
95     Coastal  Below <5       27
96     Coastal  Below <5       20
97    Highland  Below <5      111
98    Seasonal  Below <5       45
99     Coastal  Below <5      139
100 Lake Basin  Below <5       55
101   Highland  Below <5      146
102   Low Risk  Below <5        1
103   Low Risk  Below <5        0
104 Lake Basin  Below <5      150
105 Lake Basin  Below <5       62
106   Highland  Below <5      114
107   Low Risk  Below <5        0
108   Low Risk  Below <5        0
109   Low Risk  Below <5        1
110 Lake Basin  Below <5       89
111   Highland  Below <5       60
112   Highland  Below <5       57
113 Lake Basin  Below <5       72
114    Coastal  Below <5       64
115    Coastal  Below <5      187
116   Highland  Below <5        8
117   Low Risk  Below <5        1
118 Lake Basin  Below <5      113
119   Highland  Below <5      187
120   Highland  Below <5       65
121   Highland  Below <5       49
122 Lake Basin  Below <5      165
123   Low Risk  Below <5        2
124   Low Risk  Below <5        2
125 Lake Basin  Below <5       16
126 Lake Basin  Below <5      121
127   Low Risk  Below <5        1
128    Coastal   5 to 14      104
129 Lake Basin   5 to 14       79
130   Low Risk   5 to 14        1
131    Coastal   5 to 14       26
132   Highland   5 to 14       37
133   Low Risk   5 to 14        1
134   Seasonal   5 to 14       50
135    Coastal   5 to 14       26
136 Lake Basin   5 to 14       31
137 Lake Basin   5 to 14      146
138    Coastal   5 to 14       30
139   Seasonal   5 to 14       50
140   Seasonal   5 to 14       43
141 Lake Basin   5 to 14      169
142    Coastal   5 to 14       21
143    Coastal   5 to 14      104
144   Highland   5 to 14       80
145   Seasonal   5 to 14      123
146 Lake Basin   5 to 14       32
147    Coastal   5 to 14       45
148   Highland   5 to 14       32
149    Coastal   5 to 14      205
150   Highland   5 to 14       14
151   Highland   5 to 14      182
152   Seasonal   5 to 14       26
153    Coastal   5 to 14       82
154   Highland   5 to 14        5
155   Seasonal   5 to 14        6
156   Highland   5 to 14       54
157    Coastal   5 to 14       52
158   Seasonal   5 to 14      220
159   Highland   5 to 14       45
160    Coastal   5 to 14      113
161   Highland   5 to 14      167
162   Low Risk   5 to 14        0
163   Low Risk   5 to 14        1
164   Low Risk   5 to 14        1
165   Low Risk   5 to 14        0
166   Highland   5 to 14       61
167    Coastal   5 to 14       25
168    Coastal   5 to 14       66
169 Lake Basin   5 to 14      125
170 Lake Basin   5 to 14      124
171   Low Risk Above >14        0
172    Coastal Above >14       17
173 Lake Basin Above >14       36
174   Seasonal Above >14      102
175 Lake Basin Above >14      126
176   Low Risk Above >14        2
177    Coastal Above >14       42
178 Lake Basin Above >14       67
179 Lake Basin Above >14       70
180   Highland Above >14       86
181   Highland Above >14       57
182 Lake Basin Above >14       84
183   Low Risk Above >14        1
184 Lake Basin Above >14       51
185 Lake Basin Above >14       92
186   Seasonal Above >14      141
187    Coastal Above >14       75
188   Highland Above >14       90
189    Coastal Above >14       31
190 Lake Basin Above >14      184
191   Seasonal Above >14      124
192    Coastal Above >14       44
193   Highland Above >14      163
194   Low Risk Above >14        1
195   Seasonal Above >14       54
196   Highland Above >14      117
197   Low Risk Above >14        0
198   Seasonal Above >14       79
199   Highland Above >14       80
200    Coastal Above >14       10
201   Highland Above >14      201
202   Highland Above >14       67
203   Low Risk Above >14        1
204 Lake Basin Above >14      165
205    Coastal Above >14       88
206   Highland Above >14       20
207   Highland Above >14       39
208    Coastal Above >14       17
209    Coastal Above >14       48
210   Low Risk Above >14        0
211 Lake Basin Above >14       27
212   Low Risk  Below <5        1
213   Highland  Below <5      111
214   Seasonal  Below <5      129
215    Coastal  Below <5      145
216   Seasonal  Below <5      108
217    Coastal  Below <5       94
218    Coastal  Below <5      177
219   Highland  Below <5      121
220 Lake Basin  Below <5       74
221 Lake Basin  Below <5       78
222   Highland  Below <5       42
223   Highland  Below <5       69
224   Seasonal  Below <5       34
225   Highland  Below <5      118
226   Highland  Below <5      161
227   Low Risk  Below <5        1
228   Seasonal  Below <5       24
229   Seasonal  Below <5       87
230   Highland  Below <5        8
231   Low Risk  Below <5        1
232 Lake Basin  Below <5       87
233 Lake Basin  Below <5       86
234   Highland  Below <5      169
235   Highland  Below <5       11
236    Coastal  Below <5      203
237   Seasonal  Below <5       94
238    Coastal  Below <5      112
239   Low Risk  Below <5        1
240   Seasonal  Below <5       40
241 Lake Basin  Below <5       90
242    Coastal  Below <5       55
243   Low Risk  Below <5        1
244 Lake Basin  Below <5       44
245   Low Risk  Below <5        1
246   Low Risk  Below <5        1
247    Coastal  Below <5       50
248   Seasonal  Below <5       33
249   Highland  Below <5       38
250   Low Risk  Below <5        1
251   Low Risk  Below <5        1
252 Lake Basin  Below <5       61
253   Low Risk  Below <5        1
254   Low Risk   5 to 14        1
255   Highland   5 to 14       18
256 Lake Basin   5 to 14      181
257   Low Risk   5 to 14        1
258   Highland   5 to 14       62
259   Highland   5 to 14       38
260   Seasonal   5 to 14      177
261    Coastal   5 to 14       34
262 Lake Basin   5 to 14      100
263   Low Risk   5 to 14        0
264   Highland   5 to 14      161
265   Seasonal   5 to 14       32
266 Lake Basin   5 to 14       96
267   Seasonal   5 to 14       42
268    Coastal   5 to 14       37
269   Highland   5 to 14      156
270    Coastal   5 to 14       98
271   Highland   5 to 14       28
272   Seasonal   5 to 14      112
273 Lake Basin   5 to 14      140
274   Low Risk   5 to 14        1
275   Low Risk   5 to 14        1
276    Coastal   5 to 14        5
277   Seasonal   5 to 14      174
278   Highland   5 to 14       18
279   Seasonal   5 to 14       23
280   Seasonal   5 to 14       28
281   Highland   5 to 14       48
282   Highland   5 to 14       19
283 Lake Basin   5 to 14      128
284   Highland   5 to 14       30
285   Highland   5 to 14       25
286 Lake Basin   5 to 14        9
287   Seasonal   5 to 14      105
288 Lake Basin   5 to 14       15
289   Seasonal   5 to 14       14
290   Seasonal   5 to 14      134
291 Lake Basin   5 to 14       18
292   Highland   5 to 14       58
293 Lake Basin   5 to 14      150
294   Low Risk Above >14        0
295   Seasonal Above >14      141
296   Low Risk Above >14        2
297   Low Risk Above >14        0
298    Coastal Above >14       68
299   Low Risk Above >14        1
300    Coastal Above >14      151
301 Lake Basin Above >14       70
302   Seasonal Above >14       12
303   Low Risk Above >14        0
304   Seasonal Above >14       77
305    Coastal Above >14       83
306    Coastal Above >14       38
307 Lake Basin Above >14       42
308   Highland Above >14       26
309   Seasonal Above >14       91
310 Lake Basin Above >14      177
311   Seasonal Above >14      197
312    Coastal Above >14       33
313    Coastal Above >14       67
314    Coastal Above >14      148
315 Lake Basin Above >14       36
316    Coastal Above >14       52
317   Highland Above >14      202
318   Seasonal Above >14       33
319    Coastal Above >14       67
320   Seasonal Above >14      140
321 Lake Basin Above >14       19
322   Seasonal Above >14       21
323   Low Risk Above >14        1
324    Coastal Above >14       60
325   Low Risk Above >14        0
326   Highland Above >14      122
327   Low Risk Above >14        2
328   Low Risk Above >14        1
329    Coastal Above >14       42
330 Lake Basin Above >14       19
331   Highland  Below <5       16
332 Lake Basin  Below <5      101
333    Coastal  Below <5       42
334   Low Risk  Below <5        1
335   Seasonal  Below <5       50
336   Seasonal  Below <5       15
337 Lake Basin  Below <5       34
338 Lake Basin  Below <5      191
339   Seasonal  Below <5       51
340 Lake Basin  Below <5       18
341    Coastal  Below <5      123
342   Highland  Below <5      135
343    Coastal  Below <5      172
344 Lake Basin  Below <5      126
345   Highland  Below <5       24
346    Coastal  Below <5       23
347 Lake Basin  Below <5      226
348   Seasonal  Below <5       89
349   Highland  Below <5        6
350 Lake Basin  Below <5       36
351 Lake Basin  Below <5       73
352   Highland  Below <5      141
353   Highland  Below <5       76
354   Highland  Below <5       95
355 Lake Basin  Below <5      192
356 Lake Basin  Below <5      121
357   Highland  Below <5      145
358    Coastal  Below <5       70
359 Lake Basin  Below <5       22
360    Coastal  Below <5       38
361    Coastal  Below <5       38
362   Low Risk  Below <5        0
363   Low Risk  Below <5        2
364   Low Risk  Below <5        1
365   Low Risk  Below <5        1
366   Highland  Below <5      127
367   Highland  Below <5      142
368    Coastal  Below <5       48
369   Highland  Below <5      134
370   Seasonal  Below <5       69
371   Seasonal  Below <5      105
372   Seasonal  Below <5       73
373   Seasonal  Below <5      108
374 Lake Basin   5 to 14       63
375 Lake Basin   5 to 14       36
376 Lake Basin   5 to 14      125
377    Coastal   5 to 14       51
378 Lake Basin   5 to 14       56
379   Seasonal   5 to 14       17
380   Seasonal   5 to 14       23
381    Coastal   5 to 14       38
382   Seasonal   5 to 14       56
383    Coastal   5 to 14       51
384    Coastal   5 to 14       51
385 Lake Basin   5 to 14       79
386   Highland   5 to 14       51
387   Seasonal   5 to 14       32
388   Low Risk   5 to 14        2
389 Lake Basin   5 to 14       17
390   Low Risk   5 to 14        1
391   Low Risk   5 to 14        0
392    Coastal   5 to 14       93
393   Highland   5 to 14       29
394   Seasonal   5 to 14      100
395   Low Risk   5 to 14        1
396    Coastal   5 to 14      191
397 Lake Basin   5 to 14       57
398    Coastal   5 to 14       41
399 Lake Basin   5 to 14      213
400   Seasonal   5 to 14       78
401   Low Risk   5 to 14        1
402   Highland   5 to 14       37
403   Low Risk   5 to 14        0
404   Seasonal   5 to 14       75
405   Low Risk   5 to 14        1
406   Highland   5 to 14      116
407 Lake Basin   5 to 14       20
408   Seasonal   5 to 14       69
409   Seasonal   5 to 14       23
410    Coastal   5 to 14       38
411 Lake Basin   5 to 14      142
412    Coastal   5 to 14       70
413   Highland   5 to 14       78
414   Low Risk   5 to 14        1
415   Seasonal   5 to 14       58
416 Lake Basin   5 to 14       73
417   Seasonal   5 to 14       65
418    Coastal Above >14       60
419 Lake Basin Above >14       46
420   Seasonal Above >14      115
421 Lake Basin Above >14      105
422   Highland Above >14       35
423   Highland Above >14       98
424   Highland Above >14      126
425   Seasonal Above >14       29
426   Highland Above >14      108
427   Seasonal Above >14       32
428    Coastal Above >14      109
429 Lake Basin Above >14      194
430    Coastal Above >14       94
431   Low Risk Above >14        2
432    Coastal Above >14       88
433    Coastal Above >14      165
434   Highland Above >14       37
435   Seasonal Above >14       20
436   Low Risk Above >14        1
437   Highland Above >14       96
438 Lake Basin Above >14       11
439   Highland Above >14       15
440    Coastal Above >14      108
441   Low Risk Above >14        1
442   Seasonal Above >14       79
443    Coastal Above >14       28
444 Lake Basin Above >14        5
445   Seasonal Above >14       81
446   Seasonal Above >14       38
447   Highland Above >14       88
448   Low Risk Above >14        0
449    Coastal Above >14       62
450    Coastal Above >14       12
451   Seasonal Above >14       22
452   Seasonal Above >14       27
453   Low Risk Above >14        1
454   Seasonal Above >14       12
455   Highland Above >14       96
456    Coastal Above >14       34
457   Highland Above >14       26
458 Lake Basin  Below <5       12
459   Highland  Below <5       12
460   Seasonal  Below <5       43
461    Coastal  Below <5       14
462   Seasonal  Below <5       20
463   Highland  Below <5       16
464   Seasonal  Below <5      124
465   Highland  Below <5       52
466    Coastal  Below <5       28
467 Lake Basin  Below <5       73
468   Low Risk  Below <5        1
469    Coastal  Below <5      140
470   Seasonal  Below <5       58
471   Low Risk  Below <5        1
472   Highland  Below <5       77
473   Seasonal  Below <5        8
474    Coastal  Below <5       29
475 Lake Basin  Below <5       36
476 Lake Basin  Below <5      127
477 Lake Basin  Below <5      102
478   Highland  Below <5       85
479    Coastal  Below <5      142
480 Lake Basin  Below <5      150
481    Coastal  Below <5       35
482   Seasonal  Below <5       54
483   Seasonal  Below <5       21
484    Coastal  Below <5       43
485 Lake Basin  Below <5       99
486   Low Risk  Below <5        2
487   Highland  Below <5       41
488   Highland  Below <5       50
489   Seasonal  Below <5       21
490   Highland  Below <5       26
491    Coastal  Below <5       24
492   Highland  Below <5       47
493   Seasonal  Below <5       83
494   Seasonal  Below <5       51
495   Highland  Below <5       62
496   Highland  Below <5       58
497   Seasonal  Below <5       75
498 Lake Basin  Below <5       43
499    Coastal  Below <5       37
500 Lake Basin  Below <5      212

# Example: Drop columns/Variables/features in the data set
SMdata |>
  dplyr::select(-Region, -Age, -Positive)

    Year Month Intervention_Type Total Incidence_Rate  Latitude Longitude time
1   2022   Sep      Vaccinations    25          0.038  1.398151  38.45110    1
2   2022   May      Vaccinations   380          0.416 -3.858256  40.21352    2
3   2022   Jul          Bed nets   271          0.379  0.539970  35.55555    3
4   2022   Dec      Vaccinations    26          0.037  1.355270  38.20233    4
5   2022   Jul              None   275          0.450  0.451452  36.96706    5
6   2022   Apr              None    60          0.442  0.498972  35.98203    6
7   2022   Apr          Bed nets   420          0.226  0.552580  36.22456    7
8   2022   May              None   106          0.265  0.341303  36.15353    8
9   2022   Dec          Bed nets    14          0.029  1.303416  38.19638    9
10  2022   Dec   Indoor spraying   452          0.436  0.512701  35.81701   10
11  2022   Dec   Indoor spraying    51          0.052 -3.325686  39.67415   11
12  2022   Aug   Indoor spraying   113          0.315 -0.354204  34.48202   12
13  2022   Dec   Indoor spraying   395          0.254  0.558391  35.52467    1
14  2022   Mar      Vaccinations   322          0.383 -3.127492  40.31850    2
15  2022   Sep          Bed nets   254          0.204  0.654988  36.99654    3
16  2022   Sep              None   319          0.117 -0.193554  34.71820    4
17  2022   Dec      Vaccinations   278          0.167  0.153977  36.17979    5
18  2022   Jul              None   291          0.119 -0.324161  34.94071    6
19  2022   Jan              None   119          0.261 -4.457069  39.81877    7
20  2022   Dec      Vaccinations   107          0.087 -0.128726  34.05809    8
21  2022   Jun              None    47          0.022  1.312119  37.69483    9
22  2022   Apr              None    35          0.010  1.291536  38.01872   10
23  2022   Sep              None    93          0.247 -0.163458  34.71022   11
24  2022   Apr   Indoor spraying   197          0.414  0.303989  36.29968   12
25  2022   Oct              None   196          0.253  0.196584  34.80451    1
26  2022   Feb              None   108          0.084 -3.819979  39.59551    2
27  2022   Dec      Vaccinations   188          0.213  0.458367  36.13785    3
28  2022   Jul      Vaccinations   466          0.117  0.385469  36.10766    4
29  2022   May      Vaccinations   295          0.311 -4.403101  39.65711    5
30  2022   Nov          Bed nets    28          0.036  1.612399  37.58077    6
31  2022   Jun          Bed nets   390          0.426  0.268705  36.28426    7
32  2022   Feb              None   273          0.488  0.733693  36.14050    8
33  2022   Apr   Indoor spraying    44          0.026  1.042896  37.76810    9
34  2022   Jan      Vaccinations   170          0.164 -0.396664  34.48544   10
35  2022   Dec          Bed nets   176          0.420  0.114748  36.16275   11
36  2022   Jun      Vaccinations   474          0.129  0.486570  36.41388   12
37  2022   May              None   317          0.069  0.638758  36.40225    1
38  2022   Sep          Bed nets   156          0.195  0.429962  36.44870    2
39  2022   Dec   Indoor spraying    40          0.041  1.595042  38.27723    3
40  2022   May          Bed nets   255          0.347 -3.142748  39.66074    4
41  2022   May          Bed nets   276          0.182  0.246377  36.35010    5
42  2022   Jul              None   313          0.422  0.608963  36.42013    6
43  2022   Nov              None   356          0.481 -0.327694  34.81453    7
44  2022   Mar          Bed nets   108          0.450 -0.286381  34.21387    8
45  2022   Sep          Bed nets   214          0.306  0.489016  35.62197    9
46  2022   Aug          Bed nets   315          0.426  0.500206  36.31593   10
47  2022   Feb              None   321          0.332  0.101645  34.88899   11
48  2022   Apr              None    34          0.026  1.669279  38.48383   12
49  2022   Dec      Vaccinations   399          0.253 -0.277416  34.60346    1
50  2022   Dec   Indoor spraying    17          0.017  1.797145  38.07004    2
51  2022   Jan          Bed nets    38          0.012  1.900882  38.11352    3
52  2022   Jun      Vaccinations   139          0.461 -3.970873  40.14047    4
53  2022   Oct      Vaccinations    27          0.011  1.460077  37.96927    5
54  2022   Mar          Bed nets    65          0.195 -3.918114  39.68869    6
55  2022   Dec          Bed nets   110          0.414 -3.555665  40.43376    7
56  2022   Jul          Bed nets    95          0.162  0.421778  36.59564    8
57  2022   Aug   Indoor spraying    41          0.048  1.531886  37.50783    9
58  2022   Apr          Bed nets   171          0.242 -4.108339  39.83942   10
59  2022   Apr              None   353          0.475  0.227427  34.66474   11
60  2022   Jul      Vaccinations   319          0.235 -3.298193  40.38532   12
61  2022   Dec              None   221          0.302  0.596891  35.50267    1
62  2022   Jan   Indoor spraying    94          0.288  0.430104  34.16121    2
63  2022   Nov              None   265          0.398 -3.823837  40.36112    3
64  2022   Oct              None   107          0.390 -0.081284  34.73439    4
65  2022   Feb      Vaccinations    27          0.044  1.021039  38.45860    5
66  2022   Jan          Bed nets   102          0.433 -3.996962  39.50270    6
67  2022   Mar          Bed nets    65          0.440 -0.213004  34.53866    7
68  2022   Sep          Bed nets   278          0.332  0.212177  36.12247    8
69  2022   May          Bed nets    19          0.047  1.925900  37.82966    9
70  2022   Sep              None   123          0.327  0.385802  36.79940   10
71  2022   Aug              None    24          0.027  1.633922  37.82600   11
72  2022   Dec              None   226          0.051  0.306403  36.16258   12
73  2022   Apr          Bed nets    25          0.049  1.264188  38.49577    1
74  2022   Nov      Vaccinations   289          0.434  0.747170  36.32947    2
75  2022   Oct              None   146          0.327  0.116088  36.92707    3
76  2022   Dec          Bed nets   406          0.438 -4.059154  40.29327    4
77  2022   Nov              None   278          0.453  0.020354  34.46414    5
78  2022   Jan   Indoor spraying   348          0.207 -3.313444  40.07777    6
79  2022   May   Indoor spraying   389          0.311  0.082401  36.30477    7
80  2022   Oct          Bed nets    44          0.039  1.126944  38.14390    8
81  2022   Jul          Bed nets   304          0.191  0.573178  35.67974    9
82  2022   Mar      Vaccinations   236          0.256  0.486488  35.52221   10
83  2022   Jun          Bed nets    14          0.011  1.428987  38.30590   11
84  2022   Apr      Vaccinations    10          0.020  1.101001  37.88310   12
85  2022   Feb          Bed nets    91          0.191  0.278311  36.55933    1
86  2022   Feb      Vaccinations   263          0.346  0.777968  36.56528    2
87  2022   Sep   Indoor spraying   344          0.465 -3.838099  40.44795    3
88  2022   Apr      Vaccinations    16          0.012  1.586083  37.50900    4
89  2022   Sep          Bed nets   206          0.131  0.086402  34.64152    5
90  2022   Mar      Vaccinations   160          0.455 -3.323505  40.26262    6
91  2022   Nov      Vaccinations    11          0.024  1.353350  37.60047    7
92  2022   Feb      Vaccinations    10          0.047  1.577578  38.13709    8
93  2022   Nov              None   306          0.119  0.597460  36.27832    9
94  2022   Oct      Vaccinations   438          0.123 -4.356603  39.82516   10
95  2022   Feb          Bed nets   191          0.141 -3.228340  40.21093   11
96  2022   Feb   Indoor spraying    80          0.251 -3.793193  40.15060   12
97  2022   Jun          Bed nets   365          0.303  0.356592  36.11086    1
98  2022   Feb              None   125          0.359  0.081233  36.74369    2
99  2022   Mar      Vaccinations   290          0.478 -3.859000  39.98859    3
100 2022   Dec      Vaccinations   419          0.131 -0.102774  34.88673    4
101 2022   May          Bed nets   298          0.491  0.563683  35.93661    5
102 2022   Mar   Indoor spraying    35          0.030  1.429312  38.13617    6
103 2022   May   Indoor spraying    10          0.018  1.843713  38.35049    7
104 2022   Aug              None   449          0.333 -0.287559  34.23838    8
105 2022   Mar              None   162          0.384 -0.229443  34.95135    9
106 2022   Jan          Bed nets   456          0.250  0.450398  36.21992   10
107 2022   May              None    16          0.018  1.986003  37.55677   11
108 2022   Nov              None    17          0.027  1.172087  37.82122   12
109 2022   Sep          Bed nets    28          0.050  1.951829  37.60388    1
110 2022   Feb          Bed nets   426          0.210  0.283619  34.09665    2
111 2022   Nov      Vaccinations   162          0.373  0.584043  36.02554    3
112 2022   Mar   Indoor spraying   154          0.373  0.598571  35.50220    4
113 2022   Aug          Bed nets   301          0.241 -0.179725  34.63135    5
114 2022   Mar              None   158          0.406 -3.278443  39.82399    6
115 2022   May   Indoor spraying   448          0.417 -4.308071  39.51716    7
116 2022   Nov   Indoor spraying    82          0.102  0.471568  36.09708    8
117 2022   Jan              None    45          0.020  1.343476  38.26147    9
118 2022   Nov          Bed nets   422          0.269 -0.145861  34.31846   10
119 2022   Sep   Indoor spraying   480          0.390  0.325091  35.91531   11
120 2022   Dec          Bed nets   285          0.227  0.766578  36.31782   12
121 2022   Jun          Bed nets   294          0.167  0.790527  36.35410    1
122 2022   Jul              None   446          0.370  0.391738  34.89671    2
123 2022   Mar              None    44          0.035  1.971392  37.66871    3
124 2022   Jan   Indoor spraying    38          0.049  1.680891  38.46992    4
125 2022   Jun      Vaccinations   238          0.067  0.203462  34.02617    5
126 2022   Jun              None   320          0.378  0.069714  34.04753    6
127 2022   Sep          Bed nets    28          0.042  1.873895  38.20432    7
128 2023   Mar      Vaccinations   482          0.215 -3.698118  39.87183    8
129 2023   Dec   Indoor spraying   386          0.205  0.073858  34.05455    9
130 2023   Sep      Vaccinations    25          0.049  1.811383  37.54689   10
131 2023   Aug              None    65          0.400 -4.447770  40.18104   11
132 2023   Aug              None    85          0.432  0.308707  35.64527   12
133 2023   Sep   Indoor spraying    23          0.032  1.183982  38.41024    1
134 2023   Oct              None   251          0.199  0.861866  36.86238    2
135 2023   Jun          Bed nets   104          0.249 -4.370623  39.54728    3
136 2023   Sep      Vaccinations    81          0.389 -0.284955  34.67403    4
137 2023   Sep      Vaccinations   481          0.304 -0.337027  34.41793    5
138 2023   Mar          Bed nets   319          0.095 -4.443400  39.72858    6
139 2023   Mar          Bed nets   210          0.237  0.455703  36.13022    7
140 2023   Apr          Bed nets   407          0.107  0.012605  36.31149    8
141 2023   Mar   Indoor spraying   426          0.397  0.044195  34.15574    9
142 2023   Apr   Indoor spraying    87          0.240 -3.603121  40.13713   10
143 2023   Nov          Bed nets   245          0.425 -3.503586  40.46918   11
144 2023   Apr              None   289          0.276  0.674121  36.02678   12
145 2023   Jun              None   323          0.380  0.251942  36.71002    1
146 2023   Mar   Indoor spraying   231          0.137  0.348945  34.10104    2
147 2023   Aug      Vaccinations   387          0.117 -4.361465  39.68161    3
148 2023   Sep              None   116          0.275  0.553040  36.26969    4
149 2023   Oct   Indoor spraying   419          0.488 -4.475026  39.99158    5
150 2023   Jul          Bed nets   183          0.078  0.698610  36.37761    6
151 2023   Jun          Bed nets   468          0.389  0.355358  35.87946    7
152 2023   Mar   Indoor spraying   122          0.213  0.270328  36.12894    8
153 2023   Jul          Bed nets   496          0.166 -3.517081  39.52224    9
154 2023   Sep      Vaccinations    62          0.077  0.754074  35.92952   10
155 2023   Jun          Bed nets    65          0.098  0.033858  36.24659   11
156 2023   May              None   125          0.436  0.398460  36.25544   12
157 2023   Mar              None   153          0.343 -3.527778  40.48226    1
158 2023   Mar   Indoor spraying   448          0.491  0.923572  36.10028    2
159 2023   Aug              None   173          0.258  0.532950  36.45360    3
160 2023   Apr              None   421          0.268 -3.886996  40.17429    4
161 2023   Mar          Bed nets   473          0.353  0.789038  35.52175    5
162 2023   May   Indoor spraying    15          0.011  1.430983  38.31161    6
163 2023   Sep   Indoor spraying    35          0.020  1.852813  37.83077    7
164 2023   Feb          Bed nets    31          0.025  1.646087  37.75478    8
165 2023   Jun          Bed nets    28          0.015  1.585216  37.93131    9
166 2023   Mar              None   376          0.163  0.379388  35.67071   10
167 2023   Sep          Bed nets    89          0.285 -4.164445  39.62403   11
168 2023   Nov          Bed nets   465          0.143 -4.251549  40.21037   12
169 2023   Aug      Vaccinations   274          0.455  0.368178  34.86525    1
170 2023   Feb      Vaccinations   305          0.405 -0.366736  34.02572    2
171 2023   Nov   Indoor spraying    10          0.029  1.327488  38.10034    3
172 2023   May              None   239          0.071 -3.735665  40.28770    4
173 2023   Jan   Indoor spraying   311          0.115 -0.174967  34.88792    5
174 2023   Jun              None   204          0.498  0.071576  36.08165    6
175 2023   Apr   Indoor spraying   463          0.272  0.442985  34.88932    7
176 2023   Dec      Vaccinations    48          0.040  1.747649  37.85179    8
177 2023   Mar          Bed nets   405          0.104 -3.139480  39.95007    9
178 2023   Feb      Vaccinations   478          0.140 -0.158583  34.69389   10
179 2023   May          Bed nets   255          0.276 -0.483169  34.82323   11
180 2023   Feb              None   422          0.204  0.485403  35.52477   12
181 2023   Dec   Indoor spraying   169          0.340  0.414639  36.16541    1
182 2023   Mar          Bed nets   399          0.211  0.384022  34.02705    2
183 2023   Aug      Vaccinations    32          0.033  1.206849  38.17111    3
184 2023   Jul   Indoor spraying   157          0.327 -0.057607  34.51847    4
185 2023   Oct              None   266          0.345 -0.119836  34.73435    5
186 2023   Oct   Indoor spraying   285          0.494  0.671808  36.17935    6
187 2023   Dec          Bed nets   441          0.170 -3.851707  39.83800    7
188 2023   Apr              None   219          0.409  0.400731  36.23533    8
189 2023   Mar   Indoor spraying    83          0.378 -3.148560  40.48454    9
190 2023   Feb      Vaccinations   394          0.468  0.122768  34.44896   10
191 2023   Nov          Bed nets   421          0.295  0.730270  36.90646   11
192 2023   Oct          Bed nets    92          0.476 -4.227261  40.32350   12
193 2023   Mar   Indoor spraying   350          0.465  0.381772  36.24803    1
194 2023   May   Indoor spraying    22          0.042  1.616605  38.37689    2
195 2023   Mar   Indoor spraying   349          0.154  0.956226  36.28778    3
196 2023   Feb      Vaccinations   283          0.412  0.327209  35.69058    4
197 2023   Feb   Indoor spraying    22          0.020  1.341177  38.30915    5
198 2023   Jan   Indoor spraying   200          0.397  0.460773  36.67118    6
199 2023   Aug   Indoor spraying   357          0.225  0.736971  35.79757    7
200 2023   May          Bed nets    54          0.188 -3.765046  39.73276    8
201 2023   May          Bed nets   474          0.425  0.665827  35.78382    9
202 2023   Nov              None   259          0.259  0.372132  36.40340   10
203 2023   Jan          Bed nets    42          0.022  1.830654  38.03501   11
204 2023   Nov          Bed nets   480          0.345 -0.042386  34.18238   12
205 2023   Oct          Bed nets   345          0.255 -3.655620  39.87743    1
206 2023   Feb      Vaccinations   128          0.156  0.425749  35.96902    2
207 2023   Sep      Vaccinations   243          0.159  0.726323  35.95831    3
208 2023   Aug          Bed nets   122          0.140 -4.120575  39.55942    4
209 2023   Jul              None   408          0.119 -4.274869  39.71717    5
210 2023   Dec      Vaccinations    18          0.011  1.335961  37.79203    6
211 2023   Aug          Bed nets    95          0.282  0.077897  34.81936    7
212 2023   Mar              None    37          0.017  1.489062  38.43264    8
213 2023   Mar              None   309          0.358  0.713961  35.65155    9
214 2023   Apr      Vaccinations   428          0.301  0.887616  36.83566   10
215 2023   Nov              None   386          0.377 -3.532964  40.25169   11
216 2023   Jul              None   261          0.416  0.557169  36.77664   12
217 2023   Jul   Indoor spraying   228          0.414 -3.398660  39.52568    1
218 2023   Oct      Vaccinations   359          0.492 -3.934235  39.61261    2
219 2023   Apr              None   288          0.420  0.467812  36.06025    3
220 2023   Dec          Bed nets   337          0.219  0.240230  34.19761    4
221 2023   Apr   Indoor spraying   195          0.401 -0.217196  34.81101    5
222 2023   Jul              None    84          0.498  0.460413  36.31924    6
223 2023   Mar      Vaccinations   480          0.144  0.768564  36.34449    7
224 2023   Jan              None   149          0.229  0.269988  36.23107    8
225 2023   Jan      Vaccinations   404          0.293  0.545847  36.08649    9
226 2023   Nov      Vaccinations   398          0.405  0.471585  35.83791   10
227 2023   Sep          Bed nets    23          0.028  1.431014  37.97760   11
228 2023   Feb              None   347          0.070  0.027566  36.03515   12
229 2023   Jun          Bed nets   208          0.418  0.766869  36.04098    1
230 2023   Dec   Indoor spraying   109          0.075  0.568697  35.52363    2
231 2023   Aug              None    42          0.018  1.513560  38.19883    3
232 2023   May      Vaccinations   349          0.250 -0.023826  34.26278    4
233 2023   Sep      Vaccinations   205          0.418  0.263224  34.19253    5
234 2023   Oct              None   399          0.425  0.391729  35.97112    6
235 2023   Jul              None    62          0.182  0.611166  36.10711    7
236 2023   Mar   Indoor spraying   453          0.448 -3.618860  39.98176    8
237 2023   Oct          Bed nets   376          0.251  0.718668  36.30709    9
238 2023   Nov              None   314          0.356 -3.597481  40.39779   10
239 2023   Sep   Indoor spraying    35          0.018  1.642473  38.28041   11
240 2023   Mar          Bed nets   249          0.161  0.033490  36.29731   12
241 2023   Feb              None   188          0.481  0.121541  34.91005    1
242 2023   Dec              None   375          0.146 -3.406957  40.21253    2
243 2023   Jun              None    17          0.034  1.013245  38.11459    3
244 2023   Nov              None   297          0.149  0.008290  34.80383    4
245 2023   May      Vaccinations    34          0.037  1.391490  38.23785    5
246 2023   Nov   Indoor spraying    38          0.036  1.516991  38.35188    6
247 2023   Jun      Vaccinations   147          0.343 -4.371148  39.72761    7
248 2023   Sep          Bed nets   183          0.179  0.261620  36.21381    8
249 2023   Sep              None   248          0.155  0.668225  36.22149    9
250 2023   Jul   Indoor spraying    14          0.046  1.274611  37.75776   10
251 2023   Feb   Indoor spraying    30          0.038  1.346044  37.66858   11
252 2023   Nov      Vaccinations   187          0.329 -0.248427  34.03489   12
253 2023   Feb              None    44          0.032  1.219533  37.73101    1
254 2024   May   Indoor spraying    38          0.037  1.280320  38.12866    2
255 2024   Nov              None    92          0.200  0.766917  35.98098    3
256 2024   Oct              None   498          0.363  0.094783  34.33447    4
257 2024   Jan              None    47          0.015  1.785665  37.87136    5
258 2024   Jul              None   136          0.453  0.642201  36.30324    6
259 2024   Jun          Bed nets   272          0.141  0.693002  36.17368    7
260 2024   Jan              None   441          0.401  0.678276  36.91626    8
261 2024   Dec              None   396          0.087 -4.188232  40.11221    9
262 2024   May      Vaccinations   454          0.220 -0.301294  34.46000   10
263 2024   Aug      Vaccinations    34          0.012  1.424613  37.51156   11
264 2024   Jul          Bed nets   459          0.351  0.321385  36.09142   12
265 2024   Feb          Bed nets   210          0.153  0.088722  36.88650    1
266 2024   Oct      Vaccinations   330          0.290 -0.300284  34.84372    2
267 2024   Sep              None   122          0.346  0.807134  36.96979    3
268 2024   Sep      Vaccinations   346          0.106 -4.110390  39.67513    4
269 2024   Dec              None   394          0.396  0.762215  35.96580    5
270 2024   Nov          Bed nets   396          0.249 -3.863189  39.62579    6
271 2024   May      Vaccinations   139          0.204  0.623142  36.06329    7
272 2024   Jun          Bed nets   463          0.242  0.153436  36.94035    8
273 2024   Aug   Indoor spraying   499          0.280  0.060492  34.52231    9
274 2024   Dec          Bed nets    29          0.025  1.968700  37.80224   10
275 2024   Jul   Indoor spraying    39          0.023  1.011842  38.30452   11
276 2024   Nov   Indoor spraying    52          0.103 -3.327307  40.39883   12
277 2024   Jun              None   449          0.387  0.244457  36.12946    1
278 2024   Nov          Bed nets    67          0.270  0.755473  36.05276    2
279 2024   Mar          Bed nets   101          0.231  0.558371  36.26037    3
280 2024   Jun      Vaccinations   332          0.083  0.887765  36.37275    4
281 2024   Jan   Indoor spraying   354          0.135  0.389103  35.73425    5
282 2024   Apr              None   112          0.170  0.344416  36.40433    6
283 2024   Feb      Vaccinations   477          0.268  0.003536  34.58878    7
284 2024   Apr          Bed nets   443          0.068  0.798495  35.57873    8
285 2024   Aug          Bed nets   124          0.203  0.716297  36.41512    9
286 2024   Mar              None   127          0.074  0.278424  34.37851   10
287 2024   Oct      Vaccinations   264          0.399  0.674348  36.83584   11
288 2024   Apr          Bed nets   117          0.132  0.114445  34.42292   12
289 2024   May      Vaccinations    55          0.250  0.382020  36.12138    1
290 2024   Sep              None   404          0.331  0.784125  36.59381    2
291 2024   Aug          Bed nets   136          0.134 -0.301647  34.04555    3
292 2024   Mar      Vaccinations   163          0.359  0.516859  35.87766    4
293 2024   Mar      Vaccinations   423          0.354  0.494300  34.70280    5
294 2024   Jan              None    10          0.023  1.969531  37.68740    6
295 2024   Sep          Bed nets   289          0.487  0.590831  36.07799    7
296 2024   Mar              None    47          0.037  1.604614  38.37561    8
297 2024   Oct              None    11          0.032  1.458297  37.96663    9
298 2024   Apr      Vaccinations   191          0.356 -3.456984  39.50133   10
299 2024   Feb      Vaccinations    23          0.038  1.537852  38.15600   11
300 2024   Aug          Bed nets   330          0.458 -4.084104  39.52097   12
301 2024   May   Indoor spraying   409          0.171 -0.341591  34.02670    1
302 2024   Jan          Bed nets    99          0.123  0.233346  36.18441    2
303 2024   Dec   Indoor spraying    19          0.025  1.284939  38.15050    3
304 2024   Aug              None   164          0.468  0.337722  36.97235    4
305 2024   Feb              None   387          0.214 -3.146265  40.49722    5
306 2024   Apr          Bed nets   339          0.112 -4.039550  40.40932    6
307 2024   Aug   Indoor spraying   144          0.290  0.193221  34.36773    7
308 2024   Jun      Vaccinations    74          0.356  0.397252  35.93518    8
309 2024   Aug          Bed nets   195          0.468  0.187812  36.98625    9
310 2024   Jun              None   378          0.467 -0.293623  34.67939   10
311 2024   Dec          Bed nets   426          0.461  0.805383  36.74076   11
312 2024   Feb          Bed nets   129          0.255 -3.787060  39.96068   12
313 2024   Dec   Indoor spraying   153          0.436 -3.951122  39.99899    1
314 2024   Jul      Vaccinations   330          0.447 -3.799268  39.84271    2
315 2024   Sep          Bed nets   120          0.299  0.429564  34.20247    3
316 2024   Dec   Indoor spraying   222          0.236 -3.177644  39.72979    4
317 2024   Aug          Bed nets   407          0.497  0.416891  36.18562    5
318 2024   Nov      Vaccinations   294          0.113  0.360816  36.80882    6
319 2024   Dec      Vaccinations   382          0.175 -3.807142  40.22625    7
320 2024   Mar              None   372          0.377  0.336850  36.16813    8
321 2024   Dec   Indoor spraying   112          0.171 -0.351740  34.37842    9
322 2024   Dec   Indoor spraying   150          0.143  0.705014  36.80263   10
323 2024   Mar   Indoor spraying    48          0.020  1.731323  37.55982   11
324 2024   Dec          Bed nets   449          0.133 -3.665025  39.83007   12
325 2024   Jan   Indoor spraying    20          0.015  1.420194  38.23574    1
326 2024   Mar              None   261          0.467  0.388964  36.25447    2
327 2024   Dec      Vaccinations    49          0.047  1.982295  38.45000    3
328 2024   Apr   Indoor spraying    18          0.030  1.871130  37.77152    4
329 2024   Sep      Vaccinations   492          0.085 -3.439290  39.88355    5
330 2024   May      Vaccinations    85          0.223 -0.290393  34.67191    6
331 2024   Nov              None    61          0.261  0.669081  35.50657    7
332 2024   Feb              None   248          0.409 -0.234708  34.58660    8
333 2024   Jul              None   153          0.272 -3.540926  39.53572    9
334 2024   Jul          Bed nets    16          0.049  1.009216  37.79080   10
335 2024   Jul              None   257          0.194  0.517634  36.71690   11
336 2024   Sep   Indoor spraying   152          0.100  0.321548  36.02400   12
337 2024   Dec          Bed nets   394          0.086  0.130669  34.66889    1
338 2024   Jan              None   447          0.428  0.460195  34.82175    2
339 2024   Nov   Indoor spraying   223          0.227  0.908234  36.27266    3
340 2024   Dec   Indoor spraying    61          0.302 -0.026764  34.06416    4
341 2024   Sep   Indoor spraying   353          0.347 -3.239091  39.56157    5
342 2024   Jan          Bed nets   454          0.297  0.713689  36.16168    6
343 2024   Oct              None   424          0.406 -3.145388  39.56046    7
344 2024   Dec      Vaccinations   346          0.363 -0.069661  34.12210    8
345 2024   May   Indoor spraying   125          0.193  0.538052  35.72029    9
346 2024   Oct      Vaccinations    94          0.240 -3.813874  39.72431   10
347 2024   Sep      Vaccinations   469          0.482  0.185300  34.58650   11
348 2024   Feb      Vaccinations   276          0.324  0.253883  36.07526   12
349 2024   Jan          Bed nets    88          0.073  0.707825  36.04186    1
350 2024   Jul              None   149          0.242  0.474060  34.87647    2
351 2024   Aug          Bed nets   366          0.198 -0.330029  34.05652    3
352 2024   Oct   Indoor spraying   335          0.421  0.510726  36.07699    4
353 2024   Jun          Bed nets   208          0.368  0.543212  35.71324    5
354 2024   Jul   Indoor spraying   224          0.422  0.344632  36.21040    6
355 2024   Apr              None   389          0.494 -0.166824  34.35579    7
356 2024   Dec   Indoor spraying   306          0.394  0.209908  34.07571    8
357 2024   Dec      Vaccinations   425          0.340  0.546431  35.67935    9
358 2024   Mar   Indoor spraying   291          0.242 -3.438159  39.80896   10
359 2024   Dec          Bed nets   179          0.124  0.280627  34.52202   11
360 2024   Jan   Indoor spraying   124          0.308 -3.961191  40.09138   12
361 2024   Nov              None   323          0.117 -4.423413  39.73873    1
362 2024   Nov      Vaccinations    15          0.030  1.767791  38.05024    2
363 2024   Nov   Indoor spraying    48          0.034  1.024560  37.86149    3
364 2024   May      Vaccinations    25          0.028  1.659940  37.69831    4
365 2024   Oct          Bed nets    28          0.047  1.706723  37.87046    5
366 2024   Oct   Indoor spraying   430          0.296  0.434322  35.91646    6
367 2024   Dec   Indoor spraying   483          0.293  0.781537  35.84421    7
368 2024   Sep   Indoor spraying   410          0.117 -3.423720  40.34759    8
369 2024   Aug   Indoor spraying   322          0.415  0.658540  36.10305    9
370 2024   Feb          Bed nets   297          0.231  0.004881  36.66987   10
371 2024   Aug      Vaccinations   454          0.232  0.865903  36.40217   11
372 2024   May          Bed nets   185          0.393  0.686601  36.53258   12
373 2024   Nov   Indoor spraying   373          0.289  0.006450  36.65959    1
374 2025   Aug   Indoor spraying   146          0.428 -0.400119  34.17433    2
375 2025   Aug              None    82          0.440 -0.167675  34.17361    3
376 2025   May              None   327          0.383  0.003828  34.27005    4
377 2025   Dec          Bed nets   430          0.119 -3.615870  39.86077    5
378 2025   Apr   Indoor spraying   126          0.447 -0.289821  34.28542    6
379 2025   Oct          Bed nets   122          0.143  0.234162  36.01109    7
380 2025   Jul   Indoor spraying   323          0.070  0.704019  36.88733    8
381 2025   Jul      Vaccinations   198          0.194 -3.604795  40.42862    9
382 2025   Aug   Indoor spraying   195          0.287  0.543134  36.81705   10
383 2025   Oct              None   121          0.422 -4.299483  39.88694   11
384 2025   Jul              None   182          0.282 -3.257007  39.76033   12
385 2025   Aug   Indoor spraying   194          0.408  0.052523  34.59151    1
386 2025   Sep          Bed nets   207          0.246  0.681290  35.58529    2
387 2025   Nov      Vaccinations   110          0.291  0.690538  36.12287    3
388 2025   Mar          Bed nets    40          0.048  1.851999  38.03660    4
389 2025   Feb   Indoor spraying   135          0.128 -0.436294  34.78879    5
390 2025   Jul              None    18          0.029  1.891496  37.57439    6
391 2025   Apr      Vaccinations    17          0.010  1.020795  38.24182    7
392 2025   May              None   211          0.443 -4.292576  39.50717    8
393 2025   Jan      Vaccinations   213          0.134  0.319673  35.56126    9
394 2025   Sep      Vaccinations   231          0.433  0.533908  36.04032   10
395 2025   Jun          Bed nets    32          0.033  1.935804  37.64650   11
396 2025   Feb      Vaccinations   464          0.411 -4.161097  39.75593   12
397 2025   Jul              None   406          0.139 -0.384519  34.45476    1
398 2025   Nov              None   182          0.223 -3.592864  40.34019    2
399 2025   Feb              None   480          0.443  0.424302  34.29796    3
400 2025   Aug      Vaccinations   168          0.466  0.896829  36.51576    4
401 2025   Aug              None    35          0.027  1.495355  37.79892    5
402 2025   Apr              None   134          0.273  0.695054  36.34168    6
403 2025   Jun              None    34          0.013  1.794455  37.86430    7
404 2025   Oct      Vaccinations   183          0.408  0.707603  36.65120    8
405 2025   Mar      Vaccinations    30          0.040  1.355811  38.35646    9
406 2025   Jul              None   330          0.350  0.766204  35.62004   10
407 2025   Apr          Bed nets   112          0.182 -0.297197  34.23289   11
408 2025   Jan              None   220          0.313  0.586434  36.21365   12
409 2025   Jun          Bed nets   124          0.187  0.200704  36.95393    1
410 2025   Aug      Vaccinations   177          0.216 -3.674863  40.43021    2
411 2025   Sep   Indoor spraying   449          0.316 -0.005672  34.81198    3
412 2025   Jan              None   338          0.207 -3.251610  39.70317    4
413 2025   Dec   Indoor spraying   436          0.179  0.579902  35.67202    5
414 2025   Jun              None    34          0.024  1.107165  37.70726    6
415 2025   Feb      Vaccinations   440          0.132  0.350794  36.55204    7
416 2025   Sep   Indoor spraying   315          0.233 -0.198593  34.51084    8
417 2025   Feb   Indoor spraying   378          0.171  0.132121  36.43519    9
418 2025   Apr      Vaccinations   363          0.166 -4.373175  40.14652   10
419 2025   Aug      Vaccinations   348          0.132  0.244877  34.76314   11
420 2025   Jan          Bed nets   324          0.356  0.559804  36.54738   12
421 2025   May      Vaccinations   373          0.283 -0.321175  34.28403    1
422 2025   Apr   Indoor spraying   166          0.212  0.352409  36.37389    2
423 2025   Dec              None   435          0.225  0.337701  36.05968    3
424 2025   Aug              None   351          0.358  0.633225  35.85542    4
425 2025   Mar      Vaccinations   101          0.291  0.712163  36.95677    5
426 2025   Mar          Bed nets   413          0.262  0.453422  36.27872    6
427 2025   May          Bed nets   135          0.238  0.640133  36.99728    7
428 2025   Dec      Vaccinations   482          0.226 -4.263337  40.03336    8
429 2025   Jan              None   465          0.418 -0.269245  34.87920    9
430 2025   Mar          Bed nets   388          0.241 -3.210432  40.48858   10
431 2025   Nov      Vaccinations    46          0.049  1.262156  38.21889   11
432 2025   Jan              None   214          0.413 -4.249430  40.26051   12
433 2025   Nov   Indoor spraying   423          0.389 -3.808570  40.02625    1
434 2025   Dec   Indoor spraying    77          0.486  0.604040  35.59817    2
435 2025   Nov      Vaccinations   168          0.122  0.944026  36.02764    3
436 2025   Apr              None    15          0.034  1.294720  38.16261    4
437 2025   Nov          Bed nets   434          0.222  0.773735  35.82259    5
438 2025   Nov      Vaccinations   110          0.097 -0.371847  34.31543    6
439 2025   Jun      Vaccinations   227          0.065  0.676790  35.61738    7
440 2025   Oct   Indoor spraying   321          0.337 -3.321565  39.62384    8
441 2025   Aug          Bed nets    33          0.020  1.563246  38.46291    9
442 2025   Jul              None   239          0.332  0.485369  36.31526   10
443 2025   Dec      Vaccinations    76          0.373 -3.469377  40.33441   11
444 2025   Oct          Bed nets    66          0.079  0.182372  34.79415   12
445 2025   Jun   Indoor spraying   188          0.431  0.890096  36.78095    1
446 2025   Apr          Bed nets   131          0.290  0.821119  36.12036    2
447 2025   Dec              None   399          0.219  0.751534  35.86657    3
448 2025   Dec   Indoor spraying    17          0.012  1.439627  37.53314    4
449 2025   Dec   Indoor spraying   317          0.196 -3.735796  40.42983    5
450 2025   May   Indoor spraying   107          0.110 -3.696381  40.12184    6
451 2025   Oct   Indoor spraying   377          0.059  0.542925  36.80939    7
452 2025   Jan              None   383          0.071  0.760486  36.98668    8
453 2025   Oct   Indoor spraying    32          0.017  1.835285  38.25304    9
454 2025   Mar   Indoor spraying   123          0.094  0.936800  36.58002   10
455 2025   Aug          Bed nets   260          0.370  0.644317  35.93112   11
456 2025   Mar   Indoor spraying    70          0.490 -4.055167  39.89019   12
457 2025   Sep              None   380          0.068  0.590951  35.92829    1
458 2025   Oct          Bed nets    63          0.185 -0.457987  34.77109    2
459 2025   Dec              None   166          0.072  0.480006  36.37491    3
460 2025   Jul              None   207          0.209  0.384589  36.07466    4
461 2025   Apr      Vaccinations   110          0.128 -4.244006  40.10424    5
462 2025   May              None   395          0.051  0.962326  36.90356    6
463 2025   Apr          Bed nets   227          0.072  0.765459  36.06293    7
464 2025   Feb          Bed nets   388          0.319  0.351863  36.02829    8
465 2025   Apr              None   456          0.114  0.692534  36.23131    9
466 2025   Sep          Bed nets    78          0.360 -3.800521  39.79402   10
467 2025   Dec   Indoor spraying   149          0.487  0.066219  34.14886   11
468 2025   Jun   Indoor spraying    36          0.030  1.793479  38.18151   12
469 2025   Aug      Vaccinations   347          0.403 -4.172818  40.13615    1
470 2025   Mar   Indoor spraying   393          0.147  0.304140  36.38260    2
471 2025   May   Indoor spraying    40          0.035  1.280311  37.53075    3
472 2025   Jan   Indoor spraying   257          0.300  0.375960  36.45912    4
473 2025   Aug      Vaccinations    58          0.132  0.938565  36.14596    5
474 2025   Oct      Vaccinations   215          0.135 -3.654190  39.86238    6
475 2025   Dec          Bed nets   404          0.088  0.221617  34.24508    7
476 2025   Dec          Bed nets   305          0.415 -0.409132  34.98090    8
477 2025   May              None   425          0.239  0.336523  34.39818    9
478 2025   Feb              None   185          0.459  0.477013  35.54928   10
479 2025   Feb      Vaccinations   486          0.292 -4.162723  39.95760   11
480 2025   Aug   Indoor spraying   319          0.471 -0.469218  34.11691   12
481 2025   Jan      Vaccinations   117          0.300 -3.023377  39.81114    1
482 2025   May          Bed nets   168          0.323  0.704437  36.16360    2
483 2025   Oct              None    93          0.225  0.730752  36.57505    3
484 2025   Sep          Bed nets   153          0.278 -4.496689  40.25212    4
485 2025   Dec          Bed nets   403          0.246 -0.415052  34.43068    5
486 2025   Nov   Indoor spraying    46          0.046  1.070752  38.17003    6
487 2025   Mar          Bed nets   279          0.147  0.341335  35.65856    7
488 2025   Dec   Indoor spraying   361          0.138  0.754502  35.66954    8
489 2025   Apr              None   283          0.073  0.938827  36.56313    9
490 2025   Sep              None   310          0.083  0.592860  35.96107   10
491 2025   Nov          Bed nets    51          0.462 -3.115557  39.91455   11
492 2025   Apr      Vaccinations   446          0.106  0.634139  35.89370   12
493 2025   Sep      Vaccinations   212          0.394  0.318151  36.56419    1
494 2025   Aug      Vaccinations   226          0.228  0.863319  36.73028    2
495 2025   Jun          Bed nets   412          0.151  0.376115  36.46346    3
496 2025   May      Vaccinations   126          0.462  0.593386  36.26481    4
497 2025   Jan   Indoor spraying   461          0.163  0.825720  36.64369    5
498 2025   Dec      Vaccinations   268          0.159  0.396701  34.79247    6
499 2025   Aug          Bed nets   247          0.150 -4.181601  39.55354    7
500 2025   Aug          Bed nets   460          0.460  0.332561  34.77379    8

4.8.2 Use filter() to subset rows that meet certain conditions.

# Example: filter rows by numerical variable in the data set
SMdata |>
  dplyr::filter(Positive>210)

      Region Year Month      Age Intervention_Type Total Positive
1   Seasonal 2023   Mar  5 to 14   Indoor spraying   448      220
2 Lake Basin 2024   Sep Below <5      Vaccinations   469      226
3 Lake Basin 2025   Feb  5 to 14              None   480      213
4 Lake Basin 2025   Aug Below <5          Bed nets   460      212
  Incidence_Rate Latitude Longitude time
1          0.491 0.923572  36.10028    2
2          0.482 0.185300  34.58650   11
3          0.443 0.424302  34.29796    3
4          0.460 0.332561  34.77379    8

# Example: filter rows by categorical variable in the data set
SMdata |>
  dplyr::filter(Region == "Lake Basin")

        Region Year Month       Age Intervention_Type Total Positive
1   Lake Basin 2022   Aug   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   113       36
2   Lake Basin 2022   Sep   5 to 14              None   319       37
3   Lake Basin 2022   Jul   5 to 14              None   291       35
4   Lake Basin 2022   Dec   5 to 14      Vaccinations   107        9
5   Lake Basin 2022   Sep   5 to 14              None    93       23
6   Lake Basin 2022   Oct   5 to 14              None   196       50
7   Lake Basin 2022   Jan   5 to 14      Vaccinations   170       28
8   Lake Basin 2022   Nov Above >14              None   356      171
9   Lake Basin 2022   Mar Above >14          Bed nets   108       49
10  Lake Basin 2022   Feb Above >14              None   321      107
11  Lake Basin 2022   Dec Above >14      Vaccinations   399      101
12  Lake Basin 2022   Apr Above >14              None   353      168
13  Lake Basin 2022   Jan Above >14   Indoor spraying    94       27
14  Lake Basin 2022   Oct Above >14              None   107       42
15  Lake Basin 2022   Mar Above >14          Bed nets    65       29
16  Lake Basin 2022   Nov Above >14              None   278      126
17  Lake Basin 2022   Sep  Below <5          Bed nets   206       27
18  Lake Basin 2022   Dec  Below <5      Vaccinations   419       55
19  Lake Basin 2022   Aug  Below <5              None   449      150
20  Lake Basin 2022   Mar  Below <5              None   162       62
21  Lake Basin 2022   Feb  Below <5          Bed nets   426       89
22  Lake Basin 2022   Aug  Below <5          Bed nets   301       72
23  Lake Basin 2022   Nov  Below <5          Bed nets   422      113
24  Lake Basin 2022   Jul  Below <5              None   446      165
25  Lake Basin 2022   Jun  Below <5      Vaccinations   238       16
26  Lake Basin 2022   Jun  Below <5              None   320      121
27  Lake Basin 2023   Dec   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   386       79
28  Lake Basin 2023   Sep   5 to 14      Vaccinations    81       31
29  Lake Basin 2023   Sep   5 to 14      Vaccinations   481      146
30  Lake Basin 2023   Mar   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   426      169
31  Lake Basin 2023   Mar   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   231       32
32  Lake Basin 2023   Aug   5 to 14      Vaccinations   274      125
33  Lake Basin 2023   Feb   5 to 14      Vaccinations   305      124
34  Lake Basin 2023   Jan Above >14   Indoor spraying   311       36
35  Lake Basin 2023   Apr Above >14   Indoor spraying   463      126
36  Lake Basin 2023   Feb Above >14      Vaccinations   478       67
37  Lake Basin 2023   May Above >14          Bed nets   255       70
38  Lake Basin 2023   Mar Above >14          Bed nets   399       84
39  Lake Basin 2023   Jul Above >14   Indoor spraying   157       51
40  Lake Basin 2023   Oct Above >14              None   266       92
41  Lake Basin 2023   Feb Above >14      Vaccinations   394      184
42  Lake Basin 2023   Nov Above >14          Bed nets   480      165
43  Lake Basin 2023   Aug Above >14          Bed nets    95       27
44  Lake Basin 2023   Dec  Below <5          Bed nets   337       74
45  Lake Basin 2023   Apr  Below <5   Indoor spraying   195       78
46  Lake Basin 2023   May  Below <5      Vaccinations   349       87
47  Lake Basin 2023   Sep  Below <5      Vaccinations   205       86
48  Lake Basin 2023   Feb  Below <5              None   188       90
49  Lake Basin 2023   Nov  Below <5              None   297       44
50  Lake Basin 2023   Nov  Below <5      Vaccinations   187       61
51  Lake Basin 2024   Oct   5 to 14              None   498      181
52  Lake Basin 2024   May   5 to 14      Vaccinations   454      100
53  Lake Basin 2024   Oct   5 to 14      Vaccinations   330       96
54  Lake Basin 2024   Aug   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   499      140
55  Lake Basin 2024   Feb   5 to 14      Vaccinations   477      128
56  Lake Basin 2024   Mar   5 to 14              None   127        9
57  Lake Basin 2024   Apr   5 to 14          Bed nets   117       15
58  Lake Basin 2024   Aug   5 to 14          Bed nets   136       18
59  Lake Basin 2024   Mar   5 to 14      Vaccinations   423      150
60  Lake Basin 2024   May Above >14   Indoor spraying   409       70
61  Lake Basin 2024   Aug Above >14   Indoor spraying   144       42
62  Lake Basin 2024   Jun Above >14              None   378      177
63  Lake Basin 2024   Sep Above >14          Bed nets   120       36
64  Lake Basin 2024   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying   112       19
65  Lake Basin 2024   May Above >14      Vaccinations    85       19
66  Lake Basin 2024   Feb  Below <5              None   248      101
67  Lake Basin 2024   Dec  Below <5          Bed nets   394       34
68  Lake Basin 2024   Jan  Below <5              None   447      191
69  Lake Basin 2024   Dec  Below <5   Indoor spraying    61       18
70  Lake Basin 2024   Dec  Below <5      Vaccinations   346      126
71  Lake Basin 2024   Sep  Below <5      Vaccinations   469      226
72  Lake Basin 2024   Jul  Below <5              None   149       36
73  Lake Basin 2024   Aug  Below <5          Bed nets   366       73
74  Lake Basin 2024   Apr  Below <5              None   389      192
75  Lake Basin 2024   Dec  Below <5   Indoor spraying   306      121
76  Lake Basin 2024   Dec  Below <5          Bed nets   179       22
77  Lake Basin 2025   Aug   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   146       63
78  Lake Basin 2025   Aug   5 to 14              None    82       36
79  Lake Basin 2025   May   5 to 14              None   327      125
80  Lake Basin 2025   Apr   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   126       56
81  Lake Basin 2025   Aug   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   194       79
82  Lake Basin 2025   Feb   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   135       17
83  Lake Basin 2025   Jul   5 to 14              None   406       57
84  Lake Basin 2025   Feb   5 to 14              None   480      213
85  Lake Basin 2025   Apr   5 to 14          Bed nets   112       20
86  Lake Basin 2025   Sep   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   449      142
87  Lake Basin 2025   Sep   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   315       73
88  Lake Basin 2025   Aug Above >14      Vaccinations   348       46
89  Lake Basin 2025   May Above >14      Vaccinations   373      105
90  Lake Basin 2025   Jan Above >14              None   465      194
91  Lake Basin 2025   Nov Above >14      Vaccinations   110       11
92  Lake Basin 2025   Oct Above >14          Bed nets    66        5
93  Lake Basin 2025   Oct  Below <5          Bed nets    63       12
94  Lake Basin 2025   Dec  Below <5   Indoor spraying   149       73
95  Lake Basin 2025   Dec  Below <5          Bed nets   404       36
96  Lake Basin 2025   Dec  Below <5          Bed nets   305      127
97  Lake Basin 2025   May  Below <5              None   425      102
98  Lake Basin 2025   Aug  Below <5   Indoor spraying   319      150
99  Lake Basin 2025   Dec  Below <5          Bed nets   403       99
100 Lake Basin 2025   Dec  Below <5      Vaccinations   268       43
101 Lake Basin 2025   Aug  Below <5          Bed nets   460      212
    Incidence_Rate  Latitude Longitude time
1            0.315 -0.354204  34.48202   12
2            0.117 -0.193554  34.71820    4
3            0.119 -0.324161  34.94071    6
4            0.087 -0.128726  34.05809    8
5            0.247 -0.163458  34.71022   11
6            0.253  0.196584  34.80451    1
7            0.164 -0.396664  34.48544   10
8            0.481 -0.327694  34.81453    7
9            0.450 -0.286381  34.21387    8
10           0.332  0.101645  34.88899   11
11           0.253 -0.277416  34.60346    1
12           0.475  0.227427  34.66474   11
13           0.288  0.430104  34.16121    2
14           0.390 -0.081284  34.73439    4
15           0.440 -0.213004  34.53866    7
16           0.453  0.020354  34.46414    5
17           0.131  0.086402  34.64152    5
18           0.131 -0.102774  34.88673    4
19           0.333 -0.287559  34.23838    8
20           0.384 -0.229443  34.95135    9
21           0.210  0.283619  34.09665    2
22           0.241 -0.179725  34.63135    5
23           0.269 -0.145861  34.31846   10
24           0.370  0.391738  34.89671    2
25           0.067  0.203462  34.02617    5
26           0.378  0.069714  34.04753    6
27           0.205  0.073858  34.05455    9
28           0.389 -0.284955  34.67403    4
29           0.304 -0.337027  34.41793    5
30           0.397  0.044195  34.15574    9
31           0.137  0.348945  34.10104    2
32           0.455  0.368178  34.86525    1
33           0.405 -0.366736  34.02572    2
34           0.115 -0.174967  34.88792    5
35           0.272  0.442985  34.88932    7
36           0.140 -0.158583  34.69389   10
37           0.276 -0.483169  34.82323   11
38           0.211  0.384022  34.02705    2
39           0.327 -0.057607  34.51847    4
40           0.345 -0.119836  34.73435    5
41           0.468  0.122768  34.44896   10
42           0.345 -0.042386  34.18238   12
43           0.282  0.077897  34.81936    7
44           0.219  0.240230  34.19761    4
45           0.401 -0.217196  34.81101    5
46           0.250 -0.023826  34.26278    4
47           0.418  0.263224  34.19253    5
48           0.481  0.121541  34.91005    1
49           0.149  0.008290  34.80383    4
50           0.329 -0.248427  34.03489   12
51           0.363  0.094783  34.33447    4
52           0.220 -0.301294  34.46000   10
53           0.290 -0.300284  34.84372    2
54           0.280  0.060492  34.52231    9
55           0.268  0.003536  34.58878    7
56           0.074  0.278424  34.37851   10
57           0.132  0.114445  34.42292   12
58           0.134 -0.301647  34.04555    3
59           0.354  0.494300  34.70280    5
60           0.171 -0.341591  34.02670    1
61           0.290  0.193221  34.36773    7
62           0.467 -0.293623  34.67939   10
63           0.299  0.429564  34.20247    3
64           0.171 -0.351740  34.37842    9
65           0.223 -0.290393  34.67191    6
66           0.409 -0.234708  34.58660    8
67           0.086  0.130669  34.66889    1
68           0.428  0.460195  34.82175    2
69           0.302 -0.026764  34.06416    4
70           0.363 -0.069661  34.12210    8
71           0.482  0.185300  34.58650   11
72           0.242  0.474060  34.87647    2
73           0.198 -0.330029  34.05652    3
74           0.494 -0.166824  34.35579    7
75           0.394  0.209908  34.07571    8
76           0.124  0.280627  34.52202   11
77           0.428 -0.400119  34.17433    2
78           0.440 -0.167675  34.17361    3
79           0.383  0.003828  34.27005    4
80           0.447 -0.289821  34.28542    6
81           0.408  0.052523  34.59151    1
82           0.128 -0.436294  34.78879    5
83           0.139 -0.384519  34.45476    1
84           0.443  0.424302  34.29796    3
85           0.182 -0.297197  34.23289   11
86           0.316 -0.005672  34.81198    3
87           0.233 -0.198593  34.51084    8
88           0.132  0.244877  34.76314   11
89           0.283 -0.321175  34.28403    1
90           0.418 -0.269245  34.87920    9
91           0.097 -0.371847  34.31543    6
92           0.079  0.182372  34.79415   12
93           0.185 -0.457987  34.77109    2
94           0.487  0.066219  34.14886   11
95           0.088  0.221617  34.24508    7
96           0.415 -0.409132  34.98090    8
97           0.239  0.336523  34.39818    9
98           0.471 -0.469218  34.11691   12
99           0.246 -0.415052  34.43068    5
100          0.159  0.396701  34.79247    6
101          0.460  0.332561  34.77379    8

4.8.3 Using mutate() : Create new variables or modify existing ones.

# Example: Add a new column 'Rate' based on Total & Positive cases
SMdata |>
  dplyr::mutate(Rate = Positive/Total)

        Region Year Month       Age Intervention_Type Total Positive
1     Low Risk 2022   Sep   5 to 14      Vaccinations    25        1
2      Coastal 2022   May   5 to 14      Vaccinations   380      158
3     Highland 2022   Jul   5 to 14          Bed nets   271      103
4     Low Risk 2022   Dec   5 to 14      Vaccinations    26        1
5     Seasonal 2022   Jul   5 to 14              None   275      124
6     Highland 2022   Apr   5 to 14              None    60       27
7     Highland 2022   Apr   5 to 14          Bed nets   420       95
8     Highland 2022   May   5 to 14              None   106       28
9     Low Risk 2022   Dec   5 to 14          Bed nets    14        0
10    Highland 2022   Dec   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   452      197
11     Coastal 2022   Dec   5 to 14   Indoor spraying    51        3
12  Lake Basin 2022   Aug   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   113       36
13    Highland 2022   Dec   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   395      100
14     Coastal 2022   Mar   5 to 14      Vaccinations   322      123
15    Seasonal 2022   Sep   5 to 14          Bed nets   254       52
16  Lake Basin 2022   Sep   5 to 14              None   319       37
17    Seasonal 2022   Dec   5 to 14      Vaccinations   278       46
18  Lake Basin 2022   Jul   5 to 14              None   291       35
19     Coastal 2022   Jan   5 to 14              None   119       31
20  Lake Basin 2022   Dec   5 to 14      Vaccinations   107        9
21    Low Risk 2022   Jun   5 to 14              None    47        1
22    Low Risk 2022   Apr   5 to 14              None    35        0
23  Lake Basin 2022   Sep   5 to 14              None    93       23
24    Highland 2022   Apr   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   197       81
25  Lake Basin 2022   Oct   5 to 14              None   196       50
26     Coastal 2022   Feb   5 to 14              None   108        9
27    Highland 2022   Dec   5 to 14      Vaccinations   188       40
28    Highland 2022   Jul   5 to 14      Vaccinations   466       54
29     Coastal 2022   May   5 to 14      Vaccinations   295       92
30    Low Risk 2022   Nov   5 to 14          Bed nets    28        1
31    Seasonal 2022   Jun   5 to 14          Bed nets   390      166
32    Highland 2022   Feb   5 to 14              None   273      133
33    Low Risk 2022   Apr   5 to 14   Indoor spraying    44        1
34  Lake Basin 2022   Jan   5 to 14      Vaccinations   170       28
35    Seasonal 2022   Dec Above >14          Bed nets   176       74
36    Highland 2022   Jun Above >14      Vaccinations   474       61
37    Highland 2022   May Above >14              None   317       22
38    Highland 2022   Sep Above >14          Bed nets   156       30
39    Low Risk 2022   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying    40        2
40     Coastal 2022   May Above >14          Bed nets   255       88
41    Seasonal 2022   May Above >14          Bed nets   276       50
42    Seasonal 2022   Jul Above >14              None   313      132
43  Lake Basin 2022   Nov Above >14              None   356      171
44  Lake Basin 2022   Mar Above >14          Bed nets   108       49
45    Highland 2022   Sep Above >14          Bed nets   214       66
46    Seasonal 2022   Aug Above >14          Bed nets   315      134
47  Lake Basin 2022   Feb Above >14              None   321      107
48    Low Risk 2022   Apr Above >14              None    34        1
49  Lake Basin 2022   Dec Above >14      Vaccinations   399      101
50    Low Risk 2022   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying    17        0
51    Low Risk 2022   Jan Above >14          Bed nets    38        0
52     Coastal 2022   Jun Above >14      Vaccinations   139       64
53    Low Risk 2022   Oct Above >14      Vaccinations    27        0
54     Coastal 2022   Mar Above >14          Bed nets    65       13
55     Coastal 2022   Dec Above >14          Bed nets   110       46
56    Seasonal 2022   Jul Above >14          Bed nets    95       15
57    Low Risk 2022   Aug Above >14   Indoor spraying    41        2
58     Coastal 2022   Apr Above >14          Bed nets   171       41
59  Lake Basin 2022   Apr Above >14              None   353      168
60     Coastal 2022   Jul Above >14      Vaccinations   319       75
61    Highland 2022   Dec Above >14              None   221       67
62  Lake Basin 2022   Jan Above >14   Indoor spraying    94       27
63     Coastal 2022   Nov Above >14              None   265      105
64  Lake Basin 2022   Oct Above >14              None   107       42
65    Low Risk 2022   Feb Above >14      Vaccinations    27        1
66     Coastal 2022   Jan Above >14          Bed nets   102       44
67  Lake Basin 2022   Mar Above >14          Bed nets    65       29
68    Seasonal 2022   Sep Above >14          Bed nets   278       92
69    Low Risk 2022   May Above >14          Bed nets    19        1
70    Seasonal 2022   Sep Above >14              None   123       40
71    Low Risk 2022   Aug Above >14              None    24        1
72    Highland 2022   Dec Above >14              None   226       11
73    Low Risk 2022   Apr Above >14          Bed nets    25        1
74    Seasonal 2022   Nov Above >14      Vaccinations   289      125
75    Seasonal 2022   Oct Above >14              None   146       48
76     Coastal 2022   Dec Above >14          Bed nets   406      178
77  Lake Basin 2022   Nov Above >14              None   278      126
78     Coastal 2022   Jan Above >14   Indoor spraying   348       72
79    Seasonal 2022   May Above >14   Indoor spraying   389      121
80    Low Risk 2022   Oct Above >14          Bed nets    44        2
81    Highland 2022   Jul Above >14          Bed nets   304       58
82    Highland 2022   Mar Above >14      Vaccinations   236       61
83    Low Risk 2022   Jun Above >14          Bed nets    14        0
84    Low Risk 2022   Apr Above >14      Vaccinations    10        0
85    Seasonal 2022   Feb Above >14          Bed nets    91       17
86    Seasonal 2022   Feb Above >14      Vaccinations   263       91
87     Coastal 2022   Sep  Below <5   Indoor spraying   344      160
88    Low Risk 2022   Apr  Below <5      Vaccinations    16        0
89  Lake Basin 2022   Sep  Below <5          Bed nets   206       27
90     Coastal 2022   Mar  Below <5      Vaccinations   160       73
91    Low Risk 2022   Nov  Below <5      Vaccinations    11        0
92    Low Risk 2022   Feb  Below <5      Vaccinations    10        0
93    Seasonal 2022   Nov  Below <5              None   306       36
94     Coastal 2022   Oct  Below <5      Vaccinations   438       54
95     Coastal 2022   Feb  Below <5          Bed nets   191       27
96     Coastal 2022   Feb  Below <5   Indoor spraying    80       20
97    Highland 2022   Jun  Below <5          Bed nets   365      111
98    Seasonal 2022   Feb  Below <5              None   125       45
99     Coastal 2022   Mar  Below <5      Vaccinations   290      139
100 Lake Basin 2022   Dec  Below <5      Vaccinations   419       55
101   Highland 2022   May  Below <5          Bed nets   298      146
102   Low Risk 2022   Mar  Below <5   Indoor spraying    35        1
103   Low Risk 2022   May  Below <5   Indoor spraying    10        0
104 Lake Basin 2022   Aug  Below <5              None   449      150
105 Lake Basin 2022   Mar  Below <5              None   162       62
106   Highland 2022   Jan  Below <5          Bed nets   456      114
107   Low Risk 2022   May  Below <5              None    16        0
108   Low Risk 2022   Nov  Below <5              None    17        0
109   Low Risk 2022   Sep  Below <5          Bed nets    28        1
110 Lake Basin 2022   Feb  Below <5          Bed nets   426       89
111   Highland 2022   Nov  Below <5      Vaccinations   162       60
112   Highland 2022   Mar  Below <5   Indoor spraying   154       57
113 Lake Basin 2022   Aug  Below <5          Bed nets   301       72
114    Coastal 2022   Mar  Below <5              None   158       64
115    Coastal 2022   May  Below <5   Indoor spraying   448      187
116   Highland 2022   Nov  Below <5   Indoor spraying    82        8
117   Low Risk 2022   Jan  Below <5              None    45        1
118 Lake Basin 2022   Nov  Below <5          Bed nets   422      113
119   Highland 2022   Sep  Below <5   Indoor spraying   480      187
120   Highland 2022   Dec  Below <5          Bed nets   285       65
121   Highland 2022   Jun  Below <5          Bed nets   294       49
122 Lake Basin 2022   Jul  Below <5              None   446      165
123   Low Risk 2022   Mar  Below <5              None    44        2
124   Low Risk 2022   Jan  Below <5   Indoor spraying    38        2
125 Lake Basin 2022   Jun  Below <5      Vaccinations   238       16
126 Lake Basin 2022   Jun  Below <5              None   320      121
127   Low Risk 2022   Sep  Below <5          Bed nets    28        1
128    Coastal 2023   Mar   5 to 14      Vaccinations   482      104
129 Lake Basin 2023   Dec   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   386       79
130   Low Risk 2023   Sep   5 to 14      Vaccinations    25        1
131    Coastal 2023   Aug   5 to 14              None    65       26
132   Highland 2023   Aug   5 to 14              None    85       37
133   Low Risk 2023   Sep   5 to 14   Indoor spraying    23        1
134   Seasonal 2023   Oct   5 to 14              None   251       50
135    Coastal 2023   Jun   5 to 14          Bed nets   104       26
136 Lake Basin 2023   Sep   5 to 14      Vaccinations    81       31
137 Lake Basin 2023   Sep   5 to 14      Vaccinations   481      146
138    Coastal 2023   Mar   5 to 14          Bed nets   319       30
139   Seasonal 2023   Mar   5 to 14          Bed nets   210       50
140   Seasonal 2023   Apr   5 to 14          Bed nets   407       43
141 Lake Basin 2023   Mar   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   426      169
142    Coastal 2023   Apr   5 to 14   Indoor spraying    87       21
143    Coastal 2023   Nov   5 to 14          Bed nets   245      104
144   Highland 2023   Apr   5 to 14              None   289       80
145   Seasonal 2023   Jun   5 to 14              None   323      123
146 Lake Basin 2023   Mar   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   231       32
147    Coastal 2023   Aug   5 to 14      Vaccinations   387       45
148   Highland 2023   Sep   5 to 14              None   116       32
149    Coastal 2023   Oct   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   419      205
150   Highland 2023   Jul   5 to 14          Bed nets   183       14
151   Highland 2023   Jun   5 to 14          Bed nets   468      182
152   Seasonal 2023   Mar   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   122       26
153    Coastal 2023   Jul   5 to 14          Bed nets   496       82
154   Highland 2023   Sep   5 to 14      Vaccinations    62        5
155   Seasonal 2023   Jun   5 to 14          Bed nets    65        6
156   Highland 2023   May   5 to 14              None   125       54
157    Coastal 2023   Mar   5 to 14              None   153       52
158   Seasonal 2023   Mar   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   448      220
159   Highland 2023   Aug   5 to 14              None   173       45
160    Coastal 2023   Apr   5 to 14              None   421      113
161   Highland 2023   Mar   5 to 14          Bed nets   473      167
162   Low Risk 2023   May   5 to 14   Indoor spraying    15        0
163   Low Risk 2023   Sep   5 to 14   Indoor spraying    35        1
164   Low Risk 2023   Feb   5 to 14          Bed nets    31        1
165   Low Risk 2023   Jun   5 to 14          Bed nets    28        0
166   Highland 2023   Mar   5 to 14              None   376       61
167    Coastal 2023   Sep   5 to 14          Bed nets    89       25
168    Coastal 2023   Nov   5 to 14          Bed nets   465       66
169 Lake Basin 2023   Aug   5 to 14      Vaccinations   274      125
170 Lake Basin 2023   Feb   5 to 14      Vaccinations   305      124
171   Low Risk 2023   Nov Above >14   Indoor spraying    10        0
172    Coastal 2023   May Above >14              None   239       17
173 Lake Basin 2023   Jan Above >14   Indoor spraying   311       36
174   Seasonal 2023   Jun Above >14              None   204      102
175 Lake Basin 2023   Apr Above >14   Indoor spraying   463      126
176   Low Risk 2023   Dec Above >14      Vaccinations    48        2
177    Coastal 2023   Mar Above >14          Bed nets   405       42
178 Lake Basin 2023   Feb Above >14      Vaccinations   478       67
179 Lake Basin 2023   May Above >14          Bed nets   255       70
180   Highland 2023   Feb Above >14              None   422       86
181   Highland 2023   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying   169       57
182 Lake Basin 2023   Mar Above >14          Bed nets   399       84
183   Low Risk 2023   Aug Above >14      Vaccinations    32        1
184 Lake Basin 2023   Jul Above >14   Indoor spraying   157       51
185 Lake Basin 2023   Oct Above >14              None   266       92
186   Seasonal 2023   Oct Above >14   Indoor spraying   285      141
187    Coastal 2023   Dec Above >14          Bed nets   441       75
188   Highland 2023   Apr Above >14              None   219       90
189    Coastal 2023   Mar Above >14   Indoor spraying    83       31
190 Lake Basin 2023   Feb Above >14      Vaccinations   394      184
191   Seasonal 2023   Nov Above >14          Bed nets   421      124
192    Coastal 2023   Oct Above >14          Bed nets    92       44
193   Highland 2023   Mar Above >14   Indoor spraying   350      163
194   Low Risk 2023   May Above >14   Indoor spraying    22        1
195   Seasonal 2023   Mar Above >14   Indoor spraying   349       54
196   Highland 2023   Feb Above >14      Vaccinations   283      117
197   Low Risk 2023   Feb Above >14   Indoor spraying    22        0
198   Seasonal 2023   Jan Above >14   Indoor spraying   200       79
199   Highland 2023   Aug Above >14   Indoor spraying   357       80
200    Coastal 2023   May Above >14          Bed nets    54       10
201   Highland 2023   May Above >14          Bed nets   474      201
202   Highland 2023   Nov Above >14              None   259       67
203   Low Risk 2023   Jan Above >14          Bed nets    42        1
204 Lake Basin 2023   Nov Above >14          Bed nets   480      165
205    Coastal 2023   Oct Above >14          Bed nets   345       88
206   Highland 2023   Feb Above >14      Vaccinations   128       20
207   Highland 2023   Sep Above >14      Vaccinations   243       39
208    Coastal 2023   Aug Above >14          Bed nets   122       17
209    Coastal 2023   Jul Above >14              None   408       48
210   Low Risk 2023   Dec Above >14      Vaccinations    18        0
211 Lake Basin 2023   Aug Above >14          Bed nets    95       27
212   Low Risk 2023   Mar  Below <5              None    37        1
213   Highland 2023   Mar  Below <5              None   309      111
214   Seasonal 2023   Apr  Below <5      Vaccinations   428      129
215    Coastal 2023   Nov  Below <5              None   386      145
216   Seasonal 2023   Jul  Below <5              None   261      108
217    Coastal 2023   Jul  Below <5   Indoor spraying   228       94
218    Coastal 2023   Oct  Below <5      Vaccinations   359      177
219   Highland 2023   Apr  Below <5              None   288      121
220 Lake Basin 2023   Dec  Below <5          Bed nets   337       74
221 Lake Basin 2023   Apr  Below <5   Indoor spraying   195       78
222   Highland 2023   Jul  Below <5              None    84       42
223   Highland 2023   Mar  Below <5      Vaccinations   480       69
224   Seasonal 2023   Jan  Below <5              None   149       34
225   Highland 2023   Jan  Below <5      Vaccinations   404      118
226   Highland 2023   Nov  Below <5      Vaccinations   398      161
227   Low Risk 2023   Sep  Below <5          Bed nets    23        1
228   Seasonal 2023   Feb  Below <5              None   347       24
229   Seasonal 2023   Jun  Below <5          Bed nets   208       87
230   Highland 2023   Dec  Below <5   Indoor spraying   109        8
231   Low Risk 2023   Aug  Below <5              None    42        1
232 Lake Basin 2023   May  Below <5      Vaccinations   349       87
233 Lake Basin 2023   Sep  Below <5      Vaccinations   205       86
234   Highland 2023   Oct  Below <5              None   399      169
235   Highland 2023   Jul  Below <5              None    62       11
236    Coastal 2023   Mar  Below <5   Indoor spraying   453      203
237   Seasonal 2023   Oct  Below <5          Bed nets   376       94
238    Coastal 2023   Nov  Below <5              None   314      112
239   Low Risk 2023   Sep  Below <5   Indoor spraying    35        1
240   Seasonal 2023   Mar  Below <5          Bed nets   249       40
241 Lake Basin 2023   Feb  Below <5              None   188       90
242    Coastal 2023   Dec  Below <5              None   375       55
243   Low Risk 2023   Jun  Below <5              None    17        1
244 Lake Basin 2023   Nov  Below <5              None   297       44
245   Low Risk 2023   May  Below <5      Vaccinations    34        1
246   Low Risk 2023   Nov  Below <5   Indoor spraying    38        1
247    Coastal 2023   Jun  Below <5      Vaccinations   147       50
248   Seasonal 2023   Sep  Below <5          Bed nets   183       33
249   Highland 2023   Sep  Below <5              None   248       38
250   Low Risk 2023   Jul  Below <5   Indoor spraying    14        1
251   Low Risk 2023   Feb  Below <5   Indoor spraying    30        1
252 Lake Basin 2023   Nov  Below <5      Vaccinations   187       61
253   Low Risk 2023   Feb  Below <5              None    44        1
254   Low Risk 2024   May   5 to 14   Indoor spraying    38        1
255   Highland 2024   Nov   5 to 14              None    92       18
256 Lake Basin 2024   Oct   5 to 14              None   498      181
257   Low Risk 2024   Jan   5 to 14              None    47        1
258   Highland 2024   Jul   5 to 14              None   136       62
259   Highland 2024   Jun   5 to 14          Bed nets   272       38
260   Seasonal 2024   Jan   5 to 14              None   441      177
261    Coastal 2024   Dec   5 to 14              None   396       34
262 Lake Basin 2024   May   5 to 14      Vaccinations   454      100
263   Low Risk 2024   Aug   5 to 14      Vaccinations    34        0
264   Highland 2024   Jul   5 to 14          Bed nets   459      161
265   Seasonal 2024   Feb   5 to 14          Bed nets   210       32
266 Lake Basin 2024   Oct   5 to 14      Vaccinations   330       96
267   Seasonal 2024   Sep   5 to 14              None   122       42
268    Coastal 2024   Sep   5 to 14      Vaccinations   346       37
269   Highland 2024   Dec   5 to 14              None   394      156
270    Coastal 2024   Nov   5 to 14          Bed nets   396       98
271   Highland 2024   May   5 to 14      Vaccinations   139       28
272   Seasonal 2024   Jun   5 to 14          Bed nets   463      112
273 Lake Basin 2024   Aug   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   499      140
274   Low Risk 2024   Dec   5 to 14          Bed nets    29        1
275   Low Risk 2024   Jul   5 to 14   Indoor spraying    39        1
276    Coastal 2024   Nov   5 to 14   Indoor spraying    52        5
277   Seasonal 2024   Jun   5 to 14              None   449      174
278   Highland 2024   Nov   5 to 14          Bed nets    67       18
279   Seasonal 2024   Mar   5 to 14          Bed nets   101       23
280   Seasonal 2024   Jun   5 to 14      Vaccinations   332       28
281   Highland 2024   Jan   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   354       48
282   Highland 2024   Apr   5 to 14              None   112       19
283 Lake Basin 2024   Feb   5 to 14      Vaccinations   477      128
284   Highland 2024   Apr   5 to 14          Bed nets   443       30
285   Highland 2024   Aug   5 to 14          Bed nets   124       25
286 Lake Basin 2024   Mar   5 to 14              None   127        9
287   Seasonal 2024   Oct   5 to 14      Vaccinations   264      105
288 Lake Basin 2024   Apr   5 to 14          Bed nets   117       15
289   Seasonal 2024   May   5 to 14      Vaccinations    55       14
290   Seasonal 2024   Sep   5 to 14              None   404      134
291 Lake Basin 2024   Aug   5 to 14          Bed nets   136       18
292   Highland 2024   Mar   5 to 14      Vaccinations   163       58
293 Lake Basin 2024   Mar   5 to 14      Vaccinations   423      150
294   Low Risk 2024   Jan Above >14              None    10        0
295   Seasonal 2024   Sep Above >14          Bed nets   289      141
296   Low Risk 2024   Mar Above >14              None    47        2
297   Low Risk 2024   Oct Above >14              None    11        0
298    Coastal 2024   Apr Above >14      Vaccinations   191       68
299   Low Risk 2024   Feb Above >14      Vaccinations    23        1
300    Coastal 2024   Aug Above >14          Bed nets   330      151
301 Lake Basin 2024   May Above >14   Indoor spraying   409       70
302   Seasonal 2024   Jan Above >14          Bed nets    99       12
303   Low Risk 2024   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying    19        0
304   Seasonal 2024   Aug Above >14              None   164       77
305    Coastal 2024   Feb Above >14              None   387       83
306    Coastal 2024   Apr Above >14          Bed nets   339       38
307 Lake Basin 2024   Aug Above >14   Indoor spraying   144       42
308   Highland 2024   Jun Above >14      Vaccinations    74       26
309   Seasonal 2024   Aug Above >14          Bed nets   195       91
310 Lake Basin 2024   Jun Above >14              None   378      177
311   Seasonal 2024   Dec Above >14          Bed nets   426      197
312    Coastal 2024   Feb Above >14          Bed nets   129       33
313    Coastal 2024   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying   153       67
314    Coastal 2024   Jul Above >14      Vaccinations   330      148
315 Lake Basin 2024   Sep Above >14          Bed nets   120       36
316    Coastal 2024   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying   222       52
317   Highland 2024   Aug Above >14          Bed nets   407      202
318   Seasonal 2024   Nov Above >14      Vaccinations   294       33
319    Coastal 2024   Dec Above >14      Vaccinations   382       67
320   Seasonal 2024   Mar Above >14              None   372      140
321 Lake Basin 2024   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying   112       19
322   Seasonal 2024   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying   150       21
323   Low Risk 2024   Mar Above >14   Indoor spraying    48        1
324    Coastal 2024   Dec Above >14          Bed nets   449       60
325   Low Risk 2024   Jan Above >14   Indoor spraying    20        0
326   Highland 2024   Mar Above >14              None   261      122
327   Low Risk 2024   Dec Above >14      Vaccinations    49        2
328   Low Risk 2024   Apr Above >14   Indoor spraying    18        1
329    Coastal 2024   Sep Above >14      Vaccinations   492       42
330 Lake Basin 2024   May Above >14      Vaccinations    85       19
331   Highland 2024   Nov  Below <5              None    61       16
332 Lake Basin 2024   Feb  Below <5              None   248      101
333    Coastal 2024   Jul  Below <5              None   153       42
334   Low Risk 2024   Jul  Below <5          Bed nets    16        1
335   Seasonal 2024   Jul  Below <5              None   257       50
336   Seasonal 2024   Sep  Below <5   Indoor spraying   152       15
337 Lake Basin 2024   Dec  Below <5          Bed nets   394       34
338 Lake Basin 2024   Jan  Below <5              None   447      191
339   Seasonal 2024   Nov  Below <5   Indoor spraying   223       51
340 Lake Basin 2024   Dec  Below <5   Indoor spraying    61       18
341    Coastal 2024   Sep  Below <5   Indoor spraying   353      123
342   Highland 2024   Jan  Below <5          Bed nets   454      135
343    Coastal 2024   Oct  Below <5              None   424      172
344 Lake Basin 2024   Dec  Below <5      Vaccinations   346      126
345   Highland 2024   May  Below <5   Indoor spraying   125       24
346    Coastal 2024   Oct  Below <5      Vaccinations    94       23
347 Lake Basin 2024   Sep  Below <5      Vaccinations   469      226
348   Seasonal 2024   Feb  Below <5      Vaccinations   276       89
349   Highland 2024   Jan  Below <5          Bed nets    88        6
350 Lake Basin 2024   Jul  Below <5              None   149       36
351 Lake Basin 2024   Aug  Below <5          Bed nets   366       73
352   Highland 2024   Oct  Below <5   Indoor spraying   335      141
353   Highland 2024   Jun  Below <5          Bed nets   208       76
354   Highland 2024   Jul  Below <5   Indoor spraying   224       95
355 Lake Basin 2024   Apr  Below <5              None   389      192
356 Lake Basin 2024   Dec  Below <5   Indoor spraying   306      121
357   Highland 2024   Dec  Below <5      Vaccinations   425      145
358    Coastal 2024   Mar  Below <5   Indoor spraying   291       70
359 Lake Basin 2024   Dec  Below <5          Bed nets   179       22
360    Coastal 2024   Jan  Below <5   Indoor spraying   124       38
361    Coastal 2024   Nov  Below <5              None   323       38
362   Low Risk 2024   Nov  Below <5      Vaccinations    15        0
363   Low Risk 2024   Nov  Below <5   Indoor spraying    48        2
364   Low Risk 2024   May  Below <5      Vaccinations    25        1
365   Low Risk 2024   Oct  Below <5          Bed nets    28        1
366   Highland 2024   Oct  Below <5   Indoor spraying   430      127
367   Highland 2024   Dec  Below <5   Indoor spraying   483      142
368    Coastal 2024   Sep  Below <5   Indoor spraying   410       48
369   Highland 2024   Aug  Below <5   Indoor spraying   322      134
370   Seasonal 2024   Feb  Below <5          Bed nets   297       69
371   Seasonal 2024   Aug  Below <5      Vaccinations   454      105
372   Seasonal 2024   May  Below <5          Bed nets   185       73
373   Seasonal 2024   Nov  Below <5   Indoor spraying   373      108
374 Lake Basin 2025   Aug   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   146       63
375 Lake Basin 2025   Aug   5 to 14              None    82       36
376 Lake Basin 2025   May   5 to 14              None   327      125
377    Coastal 2025   Dec   5 to 14          Bed nets   430       51
378 Lake Basin 2025   Apr   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   126       56
379   Seasonal 2025   Oct   5 to 14          Bed nets   122       17
380   Seasonal 2025   Jul   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   323       23
381    Coastal 2025   Jul   5 to 14      Vaccinations   198       38
382   Seasonal 2025   Aug   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   195       56
383    Coastal 2025   Oct   5 to 14              None   121       51
384    Coastal 2025   Jul   5 to 14              None   182       51
385 Lake Basin 2025   Aug   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   194       79
386   Highland 2025   Sep   5 to 14          Bed nets   207       51
387   Seasonal 2025   Nov   5 to 14      Vaccinations   110       32
388   Low Risk 2025   Mar   5 to 14          Bed nets    40        2
389 Lake Basin 2025   Feb   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   135       17
390   Low Risk 2025   Jul   5 to 14              None    18        1
391   Low Risk 2025   Apr   5 to 14      Vaccinations    17        0
392    Coastal 2025   May   5 to 14              None   211       93
393   Highland 2025   Jan   5 to 14      Vaccinations   213       29
394   Seasonal 2025   Sep   5 to 14      Vaccinations   231      100
395   Low Risk 2025   Jun   5 to 14          Bed nets    32        1
396    Coastal 2025   Feb   5 to 14      Vaccinations   464      191
397 Lake Basin 2025   Jul   5 to 14              None   406       57
398    Coastal 2025   Nov   5 to 14              None   182       41
399 Lake Basin 2025   Feb   5 to 14              None   480      213
400   Seasonal 2025   Aug   5 to 14      Vaccinations   168       78
401   Low Risk 2025   Aug   5 to 14              None    35        1
402   Highland 2025   Apr   5 to 14              None   134       37
403   Low Risk 2025   Jun   5 to 14              None    34        0
404   Seasonal 2025   Oct   5 to 14      Vaccinations   183       75
405   Low Risk 2025   Mar   5 to 14      Vaccinations    30        1
406   Highland 2025   Jul   5 to 14              None   330      116
407 Lake Basin 2025   Apr   5 to 14          Bed nets   112       20
408   Seasonal 2025   Jan   5 to 14              None   220       69
409   Seasonal 2025   Jun   5 to 14          Bed nets   124       23
410    Coastal 2025   Aug   5 to 14      Vaccinations   177       38
411 Lake Basin 2025   Sep   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   449      142
412    Coastal 2025   Jan   5 to 14              None   338       70
413   Highland 2025   Dec   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   436       78
414   Low Risk 2025   Jun   5 to 14              None    34        1
415   Seasonal 2025   Feb   5 to 14      Vaccinations   440       58
416 Lake Basin 2025   Sep   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   315       73
417   Seasonal 2025   Feb   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   378       65
418    Coastal 2025   Apr Above >14      Vaccinations   363       60
419 Lake Basin 2025   Aug Above >14      Vaccinations   348       46
420   Seasonal 2025   Jan Above >14          Bed nets   324      115
421 Lake Basin 2025   May Above >14      Vaccinations   373      105
422   Highland 2025   Apr Above >14   Indoor spraying   166       35
423   Highland 2025   Dec Above >14              None   435       98
424   Highland 2025   Aug Above >14              None   351      126
425   Seasonal 2025   Mar Above >14      Vaccinations   101       29
426   Highland 2025   Mar Above >14          Bed nets   413      108
427   Seasonal 2025   May Above >14          Bed nets   135       32
428    Coastal 2025   Dec Above >14      Vaccinations   482      109
429 Lake Basin 2025   Jan Above >14              None   465      194
430    Coastal 2025   Mar Above >14          Bed nets   388       94
431   Low Risk 2025   Nov Above >14      Vaccinations    46        2
432    Coastal 2025   Jan Above >14              None   214       88
433    Coastal 2025   Nov Above >14   Indoor spraying   423      165
434   Highland 2025   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying    77       37
435   Seasonal 2025   Nov Above >14      Vaccinations   168       20
436   Low Risk 2025   Apr Above >14              None    15        1
437   Highland 2025   Nov Above >14          Bed nets   434       96
438 Lake Basin 2025   Nov Above >14      Vaccinations   110       11
439   Highland 2025   Jun Above >14      Vaccinations   227       15
440    Coastal 2025   Oct Above >14   Indoor spraying   321      108
441   Low Risk 2025   Aug Above >14          Bed nets    33        1
442   Seasonal 2025   Jul Above >14              None   239       79
443    Coastal 2025   Dec Above >14      Vaccinations    76       28
444 Lake Basin 2025   Oct Above >14          Bed nets    66        5
445   Seasonal 2025   Jun Above >14   Indoor spraying   188       81
446   Seasonal 2025   Apr Above >14          Bed nets   131       38
447   Highland 2025   Dec Above >14              None   399       88
448   Low Risk 2025   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying    17        0
449    Coastal 2025   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying   317       62
450    Coastal 2025   May Above >14   Indoor spraying   107       12
451   Seasonal 2025   Oct Above >14   Indoor spraying   377       22
452   Seasonal 2025   Jan Above >14              None   383       27
453   Low Risk 2025   Oct Above >14   Indoor spraying    32        1
454   Seasonal 2025   Mar Above >14   Indoor spraying   123       12
455   Highland 2025   Aug Above >14          Bed nets   260       96
456    Coastal 2025   Mar Above >14   Indoor spraying    70       34
457   Highland 2025   Sep Above >14              None   380       26
458 Lake Basin 2025   Oct  Below <5          Bed nets    63       12
459   Highland 2025   Dec  Below <5              None   166       12
460   Seasonal 2025   Jul  Below <5              None   207       43
461    Coastal 2025   Apr  Below <5      Vaccinations   110       14
462   Seasonal 2025   May  Below <5              None   395       20
463   Highland 2025   Apr  Below <5          Bed nets   227       16
464   Seasonal 2025   Feb  Below <5          Bed nets   388      124
465   Highland 2025   Apr  Below <5              None   456       52
466    Coastal 2025   Sep  Below <5          Bed nets    78       28
467 Lake Basin 2025   Dec  Below <5   Indoor spraying   149       73
468   Low Risk 2025   Jun  Below <5   Indoor spraying    36        1
469    Coastal 2025   Aug  Below <5      Vaccinations   347      140
470   Seasonal 2025   Mar  Below <5   Indoor spraying   393       58
471   Low Risk 2025   May  Below <5   Indoor spraying    40        1
472   Highland 2025   Jan  Below <5   Indoor spraying   257       77
473   Seasonal 2025   Aug  Below <5      Vaccinations    58        8
474    Coastal 2025   Oct  Below <5      Vaccinations   215       29
475 Lake Basin 2025   Dec  Below <5          Bed nets   404       36
476 Lake Basin 2025   Dec  Below <5          Bed nets   305      127
477 Lake Basin 2025   May  Below <5              None   425      102
478   Highland 2025   Feb  Below <5              None   185       85
479    Coastal 2025   Feb  Below <5      Vaccinations   486      142
480 Lake Basin 2025   Aug  Below <5   Indoor spraying   319      150
481    Coastal 2025   Jan  Below <5      Vaccinations   117       35
482   Seasonal 2025   May  Below <5          Bed nets   168       54
483   Seasonal 2025   Oct  Below <5              None    93       21
484    Coastal 2025   Sep  Below <5          Bed nets   153       43
485 Lake Basin 2025   Dec  Below <5          Bed nets   403       99
486   Low Risk 2025   Nov  Below <5   Indoor spraying    46        2
487   Highland 2025   Mar  Below <5          Bed nets   279       41
488   Highland 2025   Dec  Below <5   Indoor spraying   361       50
489   Seasonal 2025   Apr  Below <5              None   283       21
490   Highland 2025   Sep  Below <5              None   310       26
491    Coastal 2025   Nov  Below <5          Bed nets    51       24
492   Highland 2025   Apr  Below <5      Vaccinations   446       47
493   Seasonal 2025   Sep  Below <5      Vaccinations   212       83
494   Seasonal 2025   Aug  Below <5      Vaccinations   226       51
495   Highland 2025   Jun  Below <5          Bed nets   412       62
496   Highland 2025   May  Below <5      Vaccinations   126       58
497   Seasonal 2025   Jan  Below <5   Indoor spraying   461       75
498 Lake Basin 2025   Dec  Below <5      Vaccinations   268       43
499    Coastal 2025   Aug  Below <5          Bed nets   247       37
500 Lake Basin 2025   Aug  Below <5          Bed nets   460      212
    Incidence_Rate  Latitude Longitude time       Rate
1            0.038  1.398151  38.45110    1 0.04000000
2            0.416 -3.858256  40.21352    2 0.41578947
3            0.379  0.539970  35.55555    3 0.38007380
4            0.037  1.355270  38.20233    4 0.03846154
5            0.450  0.451452  36.96706    5 0.45090909
6            0.442  0.498972  35.98203    6 0.45000000
7            0.226  0.552580  36.22456    7 0.22619048
8            0.265  0.341303  36.15353    8 0.26415094
9            0.029  1.303416  38.19638    9 0.00000000
10           0.436  0.512701  35.81701   10 0.43584071
11           0.052 -3.325686  39.67415   11 0.05882353
12           0.315 -0.354204  34.48202   12 0.31858407
13           0.254  0.558391  35.52467    1 0.25316456
14           0.383 -3.127492  40.31850    2 0.38198758
15           0.204  0.654988  36.99654    3 0.20472441
16           0.117 -0.193554  34.71820    4 0.11598746
17           0.167  0.153977  36.17979    5 0.16546763
18           0.119 -0.324161  34.94071    6 0.12027491
19           0.261 -4.457069  39.81877    7 0.26050420
20           0.087 -0.128726  34.05809    8 0.08411215
21           0.022  1.312119  37.69483    9 0.02127660
22           0.010  1.291536  38.01872   10 0.00000000
23           0.247 -0.163458  34.71022   11 0.24731183
24           0.414  0.303989  36.29968   12 0.41116751
25           0.253  0.196584  34.80451    1 0.25510204
26           0.084 -3.819979  39.59551    2 0.08333333
27           0.213  0.458367  36.13785    3 0.21276596
28           0.117  0.385469  36.10766    4 0.11587983
29           0.311 -4.403101  39.65711    5 0.31186441
30           0.036  1.612399  37.58077    6 0.03571429
31           0.426  0.268705  36.28426    7 0.42564103
32           0.488  0.733693  36.14050    8 0.48717949
33           0.026  1.042896  37.76810    9 0.02272727
34           0.164 -0.396664  34.48544   10 0.16470588
35           0.420  0.114748  36.16275   11 0.42045455
36           0.129  0.486570  36.41388   12 0.12869198
37           0.069  0.638758  36.40225    1 0.06940063
38           0.195  0.429962  36.44870    2 0.19230769
39           0.041  1.595042  38.27723    3 0.05000000
40           0.347 -3.142748  39.66074    4 0.34509804
41           0.182  0.246377  36.35010    5 0.18115942
42           0.422  0.608963  36.42013    6 0.42172524
43           0.481 -0.327694  34.81453    7 0.48033708
44           0.450 -0.286381  34.21387    8 0.45370370
45           0.306  0.489016  35.62197    9 0.30841121
46           0.426  0.500206  36.31593   10 0.42539683
47           0.332  0.101645  34.88899   11 0.33333333
48           0.026  1.669279  38.48383   12 0.02941176
49           0.253 -0.277416  34.60346    1 0.25313283
50           0.017  1.797145  38.07004    2 0.00000000
51           0.012  1.900882  38.11352    3 0.00000000
52           0.461 -3.970873  40.14047    4 0.46043165
53           0.011  1.460077  37.96927    5 0.00000000
54           0.195 -3.918114  39.68869    6 0.20000000
55           0.414 -3.555665  40.43376    7 0.41818182
56           0.162  0.421778  36.59564    8 0.15789474
57           0.048  1.531886  37.50783    9 0.04878049
58           0.242 -4.108339  39.83942   10 0.23976608
59           0.475  0.227427  34.66474   11 0.47592068
60           0.235 -3.298193  40.38532   12 0.23510972
61           0.302  0.596891  35.50267    1 0.30316742
62           0.288  0.430104  34.16121    2 0.28723404
63           0.398 -3.823837  40.36112    3 0.39622642
64           0.390 -0.081284  34.73439    4 0.39252336
65           0.044  1.021039  38.45860    5 0.03703704
66           0.433 -3.996962  39.50270    6 0.43137255
67           0.440 -0.213004  34.53866    7 0.44615385
68           0.332  0.212177  36.12247    8 0.33093525
69           0.047  1.925900  37.82966    9 0.05263158
70           0.327  0.385802  36.79940   10 0.32520325
71           0.027  1.633922  37.82600   11 0.04166667
72           0.051  0.306403  36.16258   12 0.04867257
73           0.049  1.264188  38.49577    1 0.04000000
74           0.434  0.747170  36.32947    2 0.43252595
75           0.327  0.116088  36.92707    3 0.32876712
76           0.438 -4.059154  40.29327    4 0.43842365
77           0.453  0.020354  34.46414    5 0.45323741
78           0.207 -3.313444  40.07777    6 0.20689655
79           0.311  0.082401  36.30477    7 0.31105398
80           0.039  1.126944  38.14390    8 0.04545455
81           0.191  0.573178  35.67974    9 0.19078947
82           0.256  0.486488  35.52221   10 0.25847458
83           0.011  1.428987  38.30590   11 0.00000000
84           0.020  1.101001  37.88310   12 0.00000000
85           0.191  0.278311  36.55933    1 0.18681319
86           0.346  0.777968  36.56528    2 0.34600760
87           0.465 -3.838099  40.44795    3 0.46511628
88           0.012  1.586083  37.50900    4 0.00000000
89           0.131  0.086402  34.64152    5 0.13106796
90           0.455 -3.323505  40.26262    6 0.45625000
91           0.024  1.353350  37.60047    7 0.00000000
92           0.047  1.577578  38.13709    8 0.00000000
93           0.119  0.597460  36.27832    9 0.11764706
94           0.123 -4.356603  39.82516   10 0.12328767
95           0.141 -3.228340  40.21093   11 0.14136126
96           0.251 -3.793193  40.15060   12 0.25000000
97           0.303  0.356592  36.11086    1 0.30410959
98           0.359  0.081233  36.74369    2 0.36000000
99           0.478 -3.859000  39.98859    3 0.47931034
100          0.131 -0.102774  34.88673    4 0.13126492
101          0.491  0.563683  35.93661    5 0.48993289
102          0.030  1.429312  38.13617    6 0.02857143
103          0.018  1.843713  38.35049    7 0.00000000
104          0.333 -0.287559  34.23838    8 0.33407572
105          0.384 -0.229443  34.95135    9 0.38271605
106          0.250  0.450398  36.21992   10 0.25000000
107          0.018  1.986003  37.55677   11 0.00000000
108          0.027  1.172087  37.82122   12 0.00000000
109          0.050  1.951829  37.60388    1 0.03571429
110          0.210  0.283619  34.09665    2 0.20892019
111          0.373  0.584043  36.02554    3 0.37037037
112          0.373  0.598571  35.50220    4 0.37012987
113          0.241 -0.179725  34.63135    5 0.23920266
114          0.406 -3.278443  39.82399    6 0.40506329
115          0.417 -4.308071  39.51716    7 0.41741071
116          0.102  0.471568  36.09708    8 0.09756098
117          0.020  1.343476  38.26147    9 0.02222222
118          0.269 -0.145861  34.31846   10 0.26777251
119          0.390  0.325091  35.91531   11 0.38958333
120          0.227  0.766578  36.31782   12 0.22807018
121          0.167  0.790527  36.35410    1 0.16666667
122          0.370  0.391738  34.89671    2 0.36995516
123          0.035  1.971392  37.66871    3 0.04545455
124          0.049  1.680891  38.46992    4 0.05263158
125          0.067  0.203462  34.02617    5 0.06722689
126          0.378  0.069714  34.04753    6 0.37812500
127          0.042  1.873895  38.20432    7 0.03571429
128          0.215 -3.698118  39.87183    8 0.21576763
129          0.205  0.073858  34.05455    9 0.20466321
130          0.049  1.811383  37.54689   10 0.04000000
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455          0.370  0.644317  35.93112   11 0.36923077
456          0.490 -4.055167  39.89019   12 0.48571429
457          0.068  0.590951  35.92829    1 0.06842105
458          0.185 -0.457987  34.77109    2 0.19047619
459          0.072  0.480006  36.37491    3 0.07228916
460          0.209  0.384589  36.07466    4 0.20772947
461          0.128 -4.244006  40.10424    5 0.12727273
462          0.051  0.962326  36.90356    6 0.05063291
463          0.072  0.765459  36.06293    7 0.07048458
464          0.319  0.351863  36.02829    8 0.31958763
465          0.114  0.692534  36.23131    9 0.11403509
466          0.360 -3.800521  39.79402   10 0.35897436
467          0.487  0.066219  34.14886   11 0.48993289
468          0.030  1.793479  38.18151   12 0.02777778
469          0.403 -4.172818  40.13615    1 0.40345821
470          0.147  0.304140  36.38260    2 0.14758270
471          0.035  1.280311  37.53075    3 0.02500000
472          0.300  0.375960  36.45912    4 0.29961089
473          0.132  0.938565  36.14596    5 0.13793103
474          0.135 -3.654190  39.86238    6 0.13488372
475          0.088  0.221617  34.24508    7 0.08910891
476          0.415 -0.409132  34.98090    8 0.41639344
477          0.239  0.336523  34.39818    9 0.24000000
478          0.459  0.477013  35.54928   10 0.45945946
479          0.292 -4.162723  39.95760   11 0.29218107
480          0.471 -0.469218  34.11691   12 0.47021944
481          0.300 -3.023377  39.81114    1 0.29914530
482          0.323  0.704437  36.16360    2 0.32142857
483          0.225  0.730752  36.57505    3 0.22580645
484          0.278 -4.496689  40.25212    4 0.28104575
485          0.246 -0.415052  34.43068    5 0.24565757
486          0.046  1.070752  38.17003    6 0.04347826
487          0.147  0.341335  35.65856    7 0.14695341
488          0.138  0.754502  35.66954    8 0.13850416
489          0.073  0.938827  36.56313    9 0.07420495
490          0.083  0.592860  35.96107   10 0.08387097
491          0.462 -3.115557  39.91455   11 0.47058824
492          0.106  0.634139  35.89370   12 0.10538117
493          0.394  0.318151  36.56419    1 0.39150943
494          0.228  0.863319  36.73028    2 0.22566372
495          0.151  0.376115  36.46346    3 0.15048544
496          0.462  0.593386  36.26481    4 0.46031746
497          0.163  0.825720  36.64369    5 0.16268980
498          0.159  0.396701  34.79247    6 0.16044776
499          0.150 -4.181601  39.55354    7 0.14979757
500          0.460  0.332561  34.77379    8 0.46086957

4.8.4 Using arrange(): Sort rows based on one or more variables.

# Example: Arrange data by descending positive cases

SMdata |>
  dplyr::arrange(desc(Positive))

        Region Year Month       Age Intervention_Type Total Positive
1   Lake Basin 2024   Sep  Below <5      Vaccinations   469      226
2     Seasonal 2023   Mar   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   448      220
3   Lake Basin 2025   Feb   5 to 14              None   480      213
4   Lake Basin 2025   Aug  Below <5          Bed nets   460      212
5      Coastal 2023   Oct   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   419      205
6      Coastal 2023   Mar  Below <5   Indoor spraying   453      203
7     Highland 2024   Aug Above >14          Bed nets   407      202
8     Highland 2023   May Above >14          Bed nets   474      201
9     Highland 2022   Dec   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   452      197
10    Seasonal 2024   Dec Above >14          Bed nets   426      197
11  Lake Basin 2025   Jan Above >14              None   465      194
12  Lake Basin 2024   Apr  Below <5              None   389      192
13  Lake Basin 2024   Jan  Below <5              None   447      191
14     Coastal 2025   Feb   5 to 14      Vaccinations   464      191
15     Coastal 2022   May  Below <5   Indoor spraying   448      187
16    Highland 2022   Sep  Below <5   Indoor spraying   480      187
17  Lake Basin 2023   Feb Above >14      Vaccinations   394      184
18    Highland 2023   Jun   5 to 14          Bed nets   468      182
19  Lake Basin 2024   Oct   5 to 14              None   498      181
20     Coastal 2022   Dec Above >14          Bed nets   406      178
21     Coastal 2023   Oct  Below <5      Vaccinations   359      177
22    Seasonal 2024   Jan   5 to 14              None   441      177
23  Lake Basin 2024   Jun Above >14              None   378      177
24    Seasonal 2024   Jun   5 to 14              None   449      174
25     Coastal 2024   Oct  Below <5              None   424      172
26  Lake Basin 2022   Nov Above >14              None   356      171
27  Lake Basin 2023   Mar   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   426      169
28    Highland 2023   Oct  Below <5              None   399      169
29  Lake Basin 2022   Apr Above >14              None   353      168
30    Highland 2023   Mar   5 to 14          Bed nets   473      167
31    Seasonal 2022   Jun   5 to 14          Bed nets   390      166
32  Lake Basin 2022   Jul  Below <5              None   446      165
33  Lake Basin 2023   Nov Above >14          Bed nets   480      165
34     Coastal 2025   Nov Above >14   Indoor spraying   423      165
35    Highland 2023   Mar Above >14   Indoor spraying   350      163
36    Highland 2023   Nov  Below <5      Vaccinations   398      161
37    Highland 2024   Jul   5 to 14          Bed nets   459      161
38     Coastal 2022   Sep  Below <5   Indoor spraying   344      160
39     Coastal 2022   May   5 to 14      Vaccinations   380      158
40    Highland 2024   Dec   5 to 14              None   394      156
41     Coastal 2024   Aug Above >14          Bed nets   330      151
42  Lake Basin 2022   Aug  Below <5              None   449      150
43  Lake Basin 2024   Mar   5 to 14      Vaccinations   423      150
44  Lake Basin 2025   Aug  Below <5   Indoor spraying   319      150
45     Coastal 2024   Jul Above >14      Vaccinations   330      148
46    Highland 2022   May  Below <5          Bed nets   298      146
47  Lake Basin 2023   Sep   5 to 14      Vaccinations   481      146
48     Coastal 2023   Nov  Below <5              None   386      145
49    Highland 2024   Dec  Below <5      Vaccinations   425      145
50    Highland 2024   Dec  Below <5   Indoor spraying   483      142
51  Lake Basin 2025   Sep   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   449      142
52     Coastal 2025   Feb  Below <5      Vaccinations   486      142
53    Seasonal 2023   Oct Above >14   Indoor spraying   285      141
54    Seasonal 2024   Sep Above >14          Bed nets   289      141
55    Highland 2024   Oct  Below <5   Indoor spraying   335      141
56  Lake Basin 2024   Aug   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   499      140
57    Seasonal 2024   Mar Above >14              None   372      140
58     Coastal 2025   Aug  Below <5      Vaccinations   347      140
59     Coastal 2022   Mar  Below <5      Vaccinations   290      139
60    Highland 2024   Jan  Below <5          Bed nets   454      135
61    Seasonal 2022   Aug Above >14          Bed nets   315      134
62    Seasonal 2024   Sep   5 to 14              None   404      134
63    Highland 2024   Aug  Below <5   Indoor spraying   322      134
64    Highland 2022   Feb   5 to 14              None   273      133
65    Seasonal 2022   Jul Above >14              None   313      132
66    Seasonal 2023   Apr  Below <5      Vaccinations   428      129
67  Lake Basin 2024   Feb   5 to 14      Vaccinations   477      128
68    Highland 2024   Oct  Below <5   Indoor spraying   430      127
69  Lake Basin 2025   Dec  Below <5          Bed nets   305      127
70  Lake Basin 2022   Nov Above >14              None   278      126
71  Lake Basin 2023   Apr Above >14   Indoor spraying   463      126
72  Lake Basin 2024   Dec  Below <5      Vaccinations   346      126
73    Highland 2025   Aug Above >14              None   351      126
74    Seasonal 2022   Nov Above >14      Vaccinations   289      125
75  Lake Basin 2023   Aug   5 to 14      Vaccinations   274      125
76  Lake Basin 2025   May   5 to 14              None   327      125
77    Seasonal 2022   Jul   5 to 14              None   275      124
78  Lake Basin 2023   Feb   5 to 14      Vaccinations   305      124
79    Seasonal 2023   Nov Above >14          Bed nets   421      124
80    Seasonal 2025   Feb  Below <5          Bed nets   388      124
81     Coastal 2022   Mar   5 to 14      Vaccinations   322      123
82    Seasonal 2023   Jun   5 to 14              None   323      123
83     Coastal 2024   Sep  Below <5   Indoor spraying   353      123
84    Highland 2024   Mar Above >14              None   261      122
85    Seasonal 2022   May Above >14   Indoor spraying   389      121
86  Lake Basin 2022   Jun  Below <5              None   320      121
87    Highland 2023   Apr  Below <5              None   288      121
88  Lake Basin 2024   Dec  Below <5   Indoor spraying   306      121
89    Highland 2023   Jan  Below <5      Vaccinations   404      118
90    Highland 2023   Feb Above >14      Vaccinations   283      117
91    Highland 2025   Jul   5 to 14              None   330      116
92    Seasonal 2025   Jan Above >14          Bed nets   324      115
93    Highland 2022   Jan  Below <5          Bed nets   456      114
94  Lake Basin 2022   Nov  Below <5          Bed nets   422      113
95     Coastal 2023   Apr   5 to 14              None   421      113
96     Coastal 2023   Nov  Below <5              None   314      112
97    Seasonal 2024   Jun   5 to 14          Bed nets   463      112
98    Highland 2022   Jun  Below <5          Bed nets   365      111
99    Highland 2023   Mar  Below <5              None   309      111
100    Coastal 2025   Dec Above >14      Vaccinations   482      109
101   Seasonal 2023   Jul  Below <5              None   261      108
102   Seasonal 2024   Nov  Below <5   Indoor spraying   373      108
103   Highland 2025   Mar Above >14          Bed nets   413      108
104    Coastal 2025   Oct Above >14   Indoor spraying   321      108
105 Lake Basin 2022   Feb Above >14              None   321      107
106    Coastal 2022   Nov Above >14              None   265      105
107   Seasonal 2024   Oct   5 to 14      Vaccinations   264      105
108   Seasonal 2024   Aug  Below <5      Vaccinations   454      105
109 Lake Basin 2025   May Above >14      Vaccinations   373      105
110    Coastal 2023   Mar   5 to 14      Vaccinations   482      104
111    Coastal 2023   Nov   5 to 14          Bed nets   245      104
112   Highland 2022   Jul   5 to 14          Bed nets   271      103
113   Seasonal 2023   Jun Above >14              None   204      102
114 Lake Basin 2025   May  Below <5              None   425      102
115 Lake Basin 2022   Dec Above >14      Vaccinations   399      101
116 Lake Basin 2024   Feb  Below <5              None   248      101
117   Highland 2022   Dec   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   395      100
118 Lake Basin 2024   May   5 to 14      Vaccinations   454      100
119   Seasonal 2025   Sep   5 to 14      Vaccinations   231      100
120 Lake Basin 2025   Dec  Below <5          Bed nets   403       99
121    Coastal 2024   Nov   5 to 14          Bed nets   396       98
122   Highland 2025   Dec Above >14              None   435       98
123 Lake Basin 2024   Oct   5 to 14      Vaccinations   330       96
124   Highland 2025   Nov Above >14          Bed nets   434       96
125   Highland 2025   Aug Above >14          Bed nets   260       96
126   Highland 2022   Apr   5 to 14          Bed nets   420       95
127   Highland 2024   Jul  Below <5   Indoor spraying   224       95
128    Coastal 2023   Jul  Below <5   Indoor spraying   228       94
129   Seasonal 2023   Oct  Below <5          Bed nets   376       94
130    Coastal 2025   Mar Above >14          Bed nets   388       94
131    Coastal 2025   May   5 to 14              None   211       93
132    Coastal 2022   May   5 to 14      Vaccinations   295       92
133   Seasonal 2022   Sep Above >14          Bed nets   278       92
134 Lake Basin 2023   Oct Above >14              None   266       92
135   Seasonal 2022   Feb Above >14      Vaccinations   263       91
136   Seasonal 2024   Aug Above >14          Bed nets   195       91
137   Highland 2023   Apr Above >14              None   219       90
138 Lake Basin 2023   Feb  Below <5              None   188       90
139 Lake Basin 2022   Feb  Below <5          Bed nets   426       89
140   Seasonal 2024   Feb  Below <5      Vaccinations   276       89
141    Coastal 2022   May Above >14          Bed nets   255       88
142    Coastal 2023   Oct Above >14          Bed nets   345       88
143    Coastal 2025   Jan Above >14              None   214       88
144   Highland 2025   Dec Above >14              None   399       88
145   Seasonal 2023   Jun  Below <5          Bed nets   208       87
146 Lake Basin 2023   May  Below <5      Vaccinations   349       87
147   Highland 2023   Feb Above >14              None   422       86
148 Lake Basin 2023   Sep  Below <5      Vaccinations   205       86
149   Highland 2025   Feb  Below <5              None   185       85
150 Lake Basin 2023   Mar Above >14          Bed nets   399       84
151    Coastal 2024   Feb Above >14              None   387       83
152   Seasonal 2025   Sep  Below <5      Vaccinations   212       83
153    Coastal 2023   Jul   5 to 14          Bed nets   496       82
154   Highland 2022   Apr   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   197       81
155   Seasonal 2025   Jun Above >14   Indoor spraying   188       81
156   Highland 2023   Apr   5 to 14              None   289       80
157   Highland 2023   Aug Above >14   Indoor spraying   357       80
158 Lake Basin 2023   Dec   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   386       79
159   Seasonal 2023   Jan Above >14   Indoor spraying   200       79
160 Lake Basin 2025   Aug   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   194       79
161   Seasonal 2025   Jul Above >14              None   239       79
162 Lake Basin 2023   Apr  Below <5   Indoor spraying   195       78
163   Seasonal 2025   Aug   5 to 14      Vaccinations   168       78
164   Highland 2025   Dec   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   436       78
165   Seasonal 2024   Aug Above >14              None   164       77
166   Highland 2025   Jan  Below <5   Indoor spraying   257       77
167   Highland 2024   Jun  Below <5          Bed nets   208       76
168    Coastal 2022   Jul Above >14      Vaccinations   319       75
169    Coastal 2023   Dec Above >14          Bed nets   441       75
170   Seasonal 2025   Oct   5 to 14      Vaccinations   183       75
171   Seasonal 2025   Jan  Below <5   Indoor spraying   461       75
172   Seasonal 2022   Dec Above >14          Bed nets   176       74
173 Lake Basin 2023   Dec  Below <5          Bed nets   337       74
174    Coastal 2022   Mar  Below <5      Vaccinations   160       73
175 Lake Basin 2024   Aug  Below <5          Bed nets   366       73
176   Seasonal 2024   May  Below <5          Bed nets   185       73
177 Lake Basin 2025   Sep   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   315       73
178 Lake Basin 2025   Dec  Below <5   Indoor spraying   149       73
179    Coastal 2022   Jan Above >14   Indoor spraying   348       72
180 Lake Basin 2022   Aug  Below <5          Bed nets   301       72
181 Lake Basin 2023   May Above >14          Bed nets   255       70
182 Lake Basin 2024   May Above >14   Indoor spraying   409       70
183    Coastal 2024   Mar  Below <5   Indoor spraying   291       70
184    Coastal 2025   Jan   5 to 14              None   338       70
185   Highland 2023   Mar  Below <5      Vaccinations   480       69
186   Seasonal 2024   Feb  Below <5          Bed nets   297       69
187   Seasonal 2025   Jan   5 to 14              None   220       69
188    Coastal 2024   Apr Above >14      Vaccinations   191       68
189   Highland 2022   Dec Above >14              None   221       67
190 Lake Basin 2023   Feb Above >14      Vaccinations   478       67
191   Highland 2023   Nov Above >14              None   259       67
192    Coastal 2024   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying   153       67
193    Coastal 2024   Dec Above >14      Vaccinations   382       67
194   Highland 2022   Sep Above >14          Bed nets   214       66
195    Coastal 2023   Nov   5 to 14          Bed nets   465       66
196   Highland 2022   Dec  Below <5          Bed nets   285       65
197   Seasonal 2025   Feb   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   378       65
198    Coastal 2022   Jun Above >14      Vaccinations   139       64
199    Coastal 2022   Mar  Below <5              None   158       64
200 Lake Basin 2025   Aug   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   146       63
201 Lake Basin 2022   Mar  Below <5              None   162       62
202   Highland 2024   Jul   5 to 14              None   136       62
203    Coastal 2025   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying   317       62
204   Highland 2025   Jun  Below <5          Bed nets   412       62
205   Highland 2022   Jun Above >14      Vaccinations   474       61
206   Highland 2022   Mar Above >14      Vaccinations   236       61
207   Highland 2023   Mar   5 to 14              None   376       61
208 Lake Basin 2023   Nov  Below <5      Vaccinations   187       61
209   Highland 2022   Nov  Below <5      Vaccinations   162       60
210    Coastal 2024   Dec Above >14          Bed nets   449       60
211    Coastal 2025   Apr Above >14      Vaccinations   363       60
212   Highland 2022   Jul Above >14          Bed nets   304       58
213   Highland 2024   Mar   5 to 14      Vaccinations   163       58
214   Seasonal 2025   Feb   5 to 14      Vaccinations   440       58
215   Seasonal 2025   Mar  Below <5   Indoor spraying   393       58
216   Highland 2025   May  Below <5      Vaccinations   126       58
217   Highland 2022   Mar  Below <5   Indoor spraying   154       57
218   Highland 2023   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying   169       57
219 Lake Basin 2025   Jul   5 to 14              None   406       57
220 Lake Basin 2025   Apr   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   126       56
221   Seasonal 2025   Aug   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   195       56
222 Lake Basin 2022   Dec  Below <5      Vaccinations   419       55
223    Coastal 2023   Dec  Below <5              None   375       55
224   Highland 2022   Jul   5 to 14      Vaccinations   466       54
225    Coastal 2022   Oct  Below <5      Vaccinations   438       54
226   Highland 2023   May   5 to 14              None   125       54
227   Seasonal 2023   Mar Above >14   Indoor spraying   349       54
228   Seasonal 2025   May  Below <5          Bed nets   168       54
229   Seasonal 2022   Sep   5 to 14          Bed nets   254       52
230    Coastal 2023   Mar   5 to 14              None   153       52
231    Coastal 2024   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying   222       52
232   Highland 2025   Apr  Below <5              None   456       52
233 Lake Basin 2023   Jul Above >14   Indoor spraying   157       51
234   Seasonal 2024   Nov  Below <5   Indoor spraying   223       51
235    Coastal 2025   Dec   5 to 14          Bed nets   430       51
236    Coastal 2025   Oct   5 to 14              None   121       51
237    Coastal 2025   Jul   5 to 14              None   182       51
238   Highland 2025   Sep   5 to 14          Bed nets   207       51
239   Seasonal 2025   Aug  Below <5      Vaccinations   226       51
240 Lake Basin 2022   Oct   5 to 14              None   196       50
241   Seasonal 2022   May Above >14          Bed nets   276       50
242   Seasonal 2023   Oct   5 to 14              None   251       50
243   Seasonal 2023   Mar   5 to 14          Bed nets   210       50
244    Coastal 2023   Jun  Below <5      Vaccinations   147       50
245   Seasonal 2024   Jul  Below <5              None   257       50
246   Highland 2025   Dec  Below <5   Indoor spraying   361       50
247 Lake Basin 2022   Mar Above >14          Bed nets   108       49
248   Highland 2022   Jun  Below <5          Bed nets   294       49
249   Seasonal 2022   Oct Above >14              None   146       48
250    Coastal 2023   Jul Above >14              None   408       48
251   Highland 2024   Jan   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   354       48
252    Coastal 2024   Sep  Below <5   Indoor spraying   410       48
253   Highland 2025   Apr  Below <5      Vaccinations   446       47
254   Seasonal 2022   Dec   5 to 14      Vaccinations   278       46
255    Coastal 2022   Dec Above >14          Bed nets   110       46
256 Lake Basin 2025   Aug Above >14      Vaccinations   348       46
257   Seasonal 2022   Feb  Below <5              None   125       45
258    Coastal 2023   Aug   5 to 14      Vaccinations   387       45
259   Highland 2023   Aug   5 to 14              None   173       45
260    Coastal 2022   Jan Above >14          Bed nets   102       44
261    Coastal 2023   Oct Above >14          Bed nets    92       44
262 Lake Basin 2023   Nov  Below <5              None   297       44
263   Seasonal 2023   Apr   5 to 14          Bed nets   407       43
264   Seasonal 2025   Jul  Below <5              None   207       43
265    Coastal 2025   Sep  Below <5          Bed nets   153       43
266 Lake Basin 2025   Dec  Below <5      Vaccinations   268       43
267 Lake Basin 2022   Oct Above >14              None   107       42
268    Coastal 2023   Mar Above >14          Bed nets   405       42
269   Highland 2023   Jul  Below <5              None    84       42
270   Seasonal 2024   Sep   5 to 14              None   122       42
271 Lake Basin 2024   Aug Above >14   Indoor spraying   144       42
272    Coastal 2024   Sep Above >14      Vaccinations   492       42
273    Coastal 2024   Jul  Below <5              None   153       42
274    Coastal 2022   Apr Above >14          Bed nets   171       41
275    Coastal 2025   Nov   5 to 14              None   182       41
276   Highland 2025   Mar  Below <5          Bed nets   279       41
277   Highland 2022   Dec   5 to 14      Vaccinations   188       40
278   Seasonal 2022   Sep Above >14              None   123       40
279   Seasonal 2023   Mar  Below <5          Bed nets   249       40
280   Highland 2023   Sep Above >14      Vaccinations   243       39
281   Highland 2023   Sep  Below <5              None   248       38
282   Highland 2024   Jun   5 to 14          Bed nets   272       38
283    Coastal 2024   Apr Above >14          Bed nets   339       38
284    Coastal 2024   Jan  Below <5   Indoor spraying   124       38
285    Coastal 2024   Nov  Below <5              None   323       38
286    Coastal 2025   Jul   5 to 14      Vaccinations   198       38
287    Coastal 2025   Aug   5 to 14      Vaccinations   177       38
288   Seasonal 2025   Apr Above >14          Bed nets   131       38
289 Lake Basin 2022   Sep   5 to 14              None   319       37
290   Highland 2023   Aug   5 to 14              None    85       37
291    Coastal 2024   Sep   5 to 14      Vaccinations   346       37
292   Highland 2025   Apr   5 to 14              None   134       37
293   Highland 2025   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying    77       37
294    Coastal 2025   Aug  Below <5          Bed nets   247       37
295 Lake Basin 2022   Aug   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   113       36
296   Seasonal 2022   Nov  Below <5              None   306       36
297 Lake Basin 2023   Jan Above >14   Indoor spraying   311       36
298 Lake Basin 2024   Sep Above >14          Bed nets   120       36
299 Lake Basin 2024   Jul  Below <5              None   149       36
300 Lake Basin 2025   Aug   5 to 14              None    82       36
301 Lake Basin 2025   Dec  Below <5          Bed nets   404       36
302 Lake Basin 2022   Jul   5 to 14              None   291       35
303   Highland 2025   Apr Above >14   Indoor spraying   166       35
304    Coastal 2025   Jan  Below <5      Vaccinations   117       35
305   Seasonal 2023   Jan  Below <5              None   149       34
306    Coastal 2024   Dec   5 to 14              None   396       34
307 Lake Basin 2024   Dec  Below <5          Bed nets   394       34
308    Coastal 2025   Mar Above >14   Indoor spraying    70       34
309   Seasonal 2023   Sep  Below <5          Bed nets   183       33
310    Coastal 2024   Feb Above >14          Bed nets   129       33
311   Seasonal 2024   Nov Above >14      Vaccinations   294       33
312 Lake Basin 2023   Mar   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   231       32
313   Highland 2023   Sep   5 to 14              None   116       32
314   Seasonal 2024   Feb   5 to 14          Bed nets   210       32
315   Seasonal 2025   Nov   5 to 14      Vaccinations   110       32
316   Seasonal 2025   May Above >14          Bed nets   135       32
317    Coastal 2022   Jan   5 to 14              None   119       31
318 Lake Basin 2023   Sep   5 to 14      Vaccinations    81       31
319    Coastal 2023   Mar Above >14   Indoor spraying    83       31
320   Highland 2022   Sep Above >14          Bed nets   156       30
321    Coastal 2023   Mar   5 to 14          Bed nets   319       30
322   Highland 2024   Apr   5 to 14          Bed nets   443       30
323 Lake Basin 2022   Mar Above >14          Bed nets    65       29
324   Highland 2025   Jan   5 to 14      Vaccinations   213       29
325   Seasonal 2025   Mar Above >14      Vaccinations   101       29
326    Coastal 2025   Oct  Below <5      Vaccinations   215       29
327   Highland 2022   May   5 to 14              None   106       28
328 Lake Basin 2022   Jan   5 to 14      Vaccinations   170       28
329   Highland 2024   May   5 to 14      Vaccinations   139       28
330   Seasonal 2024   Jun   5 to 14      Vaccinations   332       28
331    Coastal 2025   Dec Above >14      Vaccinations    76       28
332    Coastal 2025   Sep  Below <5          Bed nets    78       28
333   Highland 2022   Apr   5 to 14              None    60       27
334 Lake Basin 2022   Jan Above >14   Indoor spraying    94       27
335 Lake Basin 2022   Sep  Below <5          Bed nets   206       27
336    Coastal 2022   Feb  Below <5          Bed nets   191       27
337 Lake Basin 2023   Aug Above >14          Bed nets    95       27
338   Seasonal 2025   Jan Above >14              None   383       27
339    Coastal 2023   Aug   5 to 14              None    65       26
340    Coastal 2023   Jun   5 to 14          Bed nets   104       26
341   Seasonal 2023   Mar   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   122       26
342   Highland 2024   Jun Above >14      Vaccinations    74       26
343   Highland 2025   Sep Above >14              None   380       26
344   Highland 2025   Sep  Below <5              None   310       26
345    Coastal 2023   Sep   5 to 14          Bed nets    89       25
346   Highland 2024   Aug   5 to 14          Bed nets   124       25
347   Seasonal 2023   Feb  Below <5              None   347       24
348   Highland 2024   May  Below <5   Indoor spraying   125       24
349    Coastal 2025   Nov  Below <5          Bed nets    51       24
350 Lake Basin 2022   Sep   5 to 14              None    93       23
351   Seasonal 2024   Mar   5 to 14          Bed nets   101       23
352    Coastal 2024   Oct  Below <5      Vaccinations    94       23
353   Seasonal 2025   Jul   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   323       23
354   Seasonal 2025   Jun   5 to 14          Bed nets   124       23
355   Highland 2022   May Above >14              None   317       22
356 Lake Basin 2024   Dec  Below <5          Bed nets   179       22
357   Seasonal 2025   Oct Above >14   Indoor spraying   377       22
358    Coastal 2023   Apr   5 to 14   Indoor spraying    87       21
359   Seasonal 2024   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying   150       21
360   Seasonal 2025   Oct  Below <5              None    93       21
361   Seasonal 2025   Apr  Below <5              None   283       21
362    Coastal 2022   Feb  Below <5   Indoor spraying    80       20
363   Highland 2023   Feb Above >14      Vaccinations   128       20
364 Lake Basin 2025   Apr   5 to 14          Bed nets   112       20
365   Seasonal 2025   Nov Above >14      Vaccinations   168       20
366   Seasonal 2025   May  Below <5              None   395       20
367   Highland 2024   Apr   5 to 14              None   112       19
368 Lake Basin 2024   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying   112       19
369 Lake Basin 2024   May Above >14      Vaccinations    85       19
370   Highland 2024   Nov   5 to 14              None    92       18
371   Highland 2024   Nov   5 to 14          Bed nets    67       18
372 Lake Basin 2024   Aug   5 to 14          Bed nets   136       18
373 Lake Basin 2024   Dec  Below <5   Indoor spraying    61       18
374   Seasonal 2022   Feb Above >14          Bed nets    91       17
375    Coastal 2023   May Above >14              None   239       17
376    Coastal 2023   Aug Above >14          Bed nets   122       17
377   Seasonal 2025   Oct   5 to 14          Bed nets   122       17
378 Lake Basin 2025   Feb   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   135       17
379 Lake Basin 2022   Jun  Below <5      Vaccinations   238       16
380   Highland 2024   Nov  Below <5              None    61       16
381   Highland 2025   Apr  Below <5          Bed nets   227       16
382   Seasonal 2022   Jul Above >14          Bed nets    95       15
383 Lake Basin 2024   Apr   5 to 14          Bed nets   117       15
384   Seasonal 2024   Sep  Below <5   Indoor spraying   152       15
385   Highland 2025   Jun Above >14      Vaccinations   227       15
386   Highland 2023   Jul   5 to 14          Bed nets   183       14
387   Seasonal 2024   May   5 to 14      Vaccinations    55       14
388    Coastal 2025   Apr  Below <5      Vaccinations   110       14
389    Coastal 2022   Mar Above >14          Bed nets    65       13
390   Seasonal 2024   Jan Above >14          Bed nets    99       12
391    Coastal 2025   May Above >14   Indoor spraying   107       12
392   Seasonal 2025   Mar Above >14   Indoor spraying   123       12
393 Lake Basin 2025   Oct  Below <5          Bed nets    63       12
394   Highland 2025   Dec  Below <5              None   166       12
395   Highland 2022   Dec Above >14              None   226       11
396   Highland 2023   Jul  Below <5              None    62       11
397 Lake Basin 2025   Nov Above >14      Vaccinations   110       11
398    Coastal 2023   May Above >14          Bed nets    54       10
399 Lake Basin 2022   Dec   5 to 14      Vaccinations   107        9
400    Coastal 2022   Feb   5 to 14              None   108        9
401 Lake Basin 2024   Mar   5 to 14              None   127        9
402   Highland 2022   Nov  Below <5   Indoor spraying    82        8
403   Highland 2023   Dec  Below <5   Indoor spraying   109        8
404   Seasonal 2025   Aug  Below <5      Vaccinations    58        8
405   Seasonal 2023   Jun   5 to 14          Bed nets    65        6
406   Highland 2024   Jan  Below <5          Bed nets    88        6
407   Highland 2023   Sep   5 to 14      Vaccinations    62        5
408    Coastal 2024   Nov   5 to 14   Indoor spraying    52        5
409 Lake Basin 2025   Oct Above >14          Bed nets    66        5
410    Coastal 2022   Dec   5 to 14   Indoor spraying    51        3
411   Low Risk 2022   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying    40        2
412   Low Risk 2022   Aug Above >14   Indoor spraying    41        2
413   Low Risk 2022   Oct Above >14          Bed nets    44        2
414   Low Risk 2022   Mar  Below <5              None    44        2
415   Low Risk 2022   Jan  Below <5   Indoor spraying    38        2
416   Low Risk 2023   Dec Above >14      Vaccinations    48        2
417   Low Risk 2024   Mar Above >14              None    47        2
418   Low Risk 2024   Dec Above >14      Vaccinations    49        2
419   Low Risk 2024   Nov  Below <5   Indoor spraying    48        2
420   Low Risk 2025   Mar   5 to 14          Bed nets    40        2
421   Low Risk 2025   Nov Above >14      Vaccinations    46        2
422   Low Risk 2025   Nov  Below <5   Indoor spraying    46        2
423   Low Risk 2022   Sep   5 to 14      Vaccinations    25        1
424   Low Risk 2022   Dec   5 to 14      Vaccinations    26        1
425   Low Risk 2022   Jun   5 to 14              None    47        1
426   Low Risk 2022   Nov   5 to 14          Bed nets    28        1
427   Low Risk 2022   Apr   5 to 14   Indoor spraying    44        1
428   Low Risk 2022   Apr Above >14              None    34        1
429   Low Risk 2022   Feb Above >14      Vaccinations    27        1
430   Low Risk 2022   May Above >14          Bed nets    19        1
431   Low Risk 2022   Aug Above >14              None    24        1
432   Low Risk 2022   Apr Above >14          Bed nets    25        1
433   Low Risk 2022   Mar  Below <5   Indoor spraying    35        1
434   Low Risk 2022   Sep  Below <5          Bed nets    28        1
435   Low Risk 2022   Jan  Below <5              None    45        1
436   Low Risk 2022   Sep  Below <5          Bed nets    28        1
437   Low Risk 2023   Sep   5 to 14      Vaccinations    25        1
438   Low Risk 2023   Sep   5 to 14   Indoor spraying    23        1
439   Low Risk 2023   Sep   5 to 14   Indoor spraying    35        1
440   Low Risk 2023   Feb   5 to 14          Bed nets    31        1
441   Low Risk 2023   Aug Above >14      Vaccinations    32        1
442   Low Risk 2023   May Above >14   Indoor spraying    22        1
443   Low Risk 2023   Jan Above >14          Bed nets    42        1
444   Low Risk 2023   Mar  Below <5              None    37        1
445   Low Risk 2023   Sep  Below <5          Bed nets    23        1
446   Low Risk 2023   Aug  Below <5              None    42        1
447   Low Risk 2023   Sep  Below <5   Indoor spraying    35        1
448   Low Risk 2023   Jun  Below <5              None    17        1
449   Low Risk 2023   May  Below <5      Vaccinations    34        1
450   Low Risk 2023   Nov  Below <5   Indoor spraying    38        1
451   Low Risk 2023   Jul  Below <5   Indoor spraying    14        1
452   Low Risk 2023   Feb  Below <5   Indoor spraying    30        1
453   Low Risk 2023   Feb  Below <5              None    44        1
454   Low Risk 2024   May   5 to 14   Indoor spraying    38        1
455   Low Risk 2024   Jan   5 to 14              None    47        1
456   Low Risk 2024   Dec   5 to 14          Bed nets    29        1
457   Low Risk 2024   Jul   5 to 14   Indoor spraying    39        1
458   Low Risk 2024   Feb Above >14      Vaccinations    23        1
459   Low Risk 2024   Mar Above >14   Indoor spraying    48        1
460   Low Risk 2024   Apr Above >14   Indoor spraying    18        1
461   Low Risk 2024   Jul  Below <5          Bed nets    16        1
462   Low Risk 2024   May  Below <5      Vaccinations    25        1
463   Low Risk 2024   Oct  Below <5          Bed nets    28        1
464   Low Risk 2025   Jul   5 to 14              None    18        1
465   Low Risk 2025   Jun   5 to 14          Bed nets    32        1
466   Low Risk 2025   Aug   5 to 14              None    35        1
467   Low Risk 2025   Mar   5 to 14      Vaccinations    30        1
468   Low Risk 2025   Jun   5 to 14              None    34        1
469   Low Risk 2025   Apr Above >14              None    15        1
470   Low Risk 2025   Aug Above >14          Bed nets    33        1
471   Low Risk 2025   Oct Above >14   Indoor spraying    32        1
472   Low Risk 2025   Jun  Below <5   Indoor spraying    36        1
473   Low Risk 2025   May  Below <5   Indoor spraying    40        1
474   Low Risk 2022   Dec   5 to 14          Bed nets    14        0
475   Low Risk 2022   Apr   5 to 14              None    35        0
476   Low Risk 2022   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying    17        0
477   Low Risk 2022   Jan Above >14          Bed nets    38        0
478   Low Risk 2022   Oct Above >14      Vaccinations    27        0
479   Low Risk 2022   Jun Above >14          Bed nets    14        0
480   Low Risk 2022   Apr Above >14      Vaccinations    10        0
481   Low Risk 2022   Apr  Below <5      Vaccinations    16        0
482   Low Risk 2022   Nov  Below <5      Vaccinations    11        0
483   Low Risk 2022   Feb  Below <5      Vaccinations    10        0
484   Low Risk 2022   May  Below <5   Indoor spraying    10        0
485   Low Risk 2022   May  Below <5              None    16        0
486   Low Risk 2022   Nov  Below <5              None    17        0
487   Low Risk 2023   May   5 to 14   Indoor spraying    15        0
488   Low Risk 2023   Jun   5 to 14          Bed nets    28        0
489   Low Risk 2023   Nov Above >14   Indoor spraying    10        0
490   Low Risk 2023   Feb Above >14   Indoor spraying    22        0
491   Low Risk 2023   Dec Above >14      Vaccinations    18        0
492   Low Risk 2024   Aug   5 to 14      Vaccinations    34        0
493   Low Risk 2024   Jan Above >14              None    10        0
494   Low Risk 2024   Oct Above >14              None    11        0
495   Low Risk 2024   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying    19        0
496   Low Risk 2024   Jan Above >14   Indoor spraying    20        0
497   Low Risk 2024   Nov  Below <5      Vaccinations    15        0
498   Low Risk 2025   Apr   5 to 14      Vaccinations    17        0
499   Low Risk 2025   Jun   5 to 14              None    34        0
500   Low Risk 2025   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying    17        0
    Incidence_Rate  Latitude Longitude time
1            0.482  0.185300  34.58650   11
2            0.491  0.923572  36.10028    2
3            0.443  0.424302  34.29796    3
4            0.460  0.332561  34.77379    8
5            0.488 -4.475026  39.99158    5
6            0.448 -3.618860  39.98176    8
7            0.497  0.416891  36.18562    5
8            0.425  0.665827  35.78382    9
9            0.436  0.512701  35.81701   10
10           0.461  0.805383  36.74076   11
11           0.418 -0.269245  34.87920    9
12           0.494 -0.166824  34.35579    7
13           0.428  0.460195  34.82175    2
14           0.411 -4.161097  39.75593   12
15           0.417 -4.308071  39.51716    7
16           0.390  0.325091  35.91531   11
17           0.468  0.122768  34.44896   10
18           0.389  0.355358  35.87946    7
19           0.363  0.094783  34.33447    4
20           0.438 -4.059154  40.29327    4
21           0.492 -3.934235  39.61261    2
22           0.401  0.678276  36.91626    8
23           0.467 -0.293623  34.67939   10
24           0.387  0.244457  36.12946    1
25           0.406 -3.145388  39.56046    7
26           0.481 -0.327694  34.81453    7
27           0.397  0.044195  34.15574    9
28           0.425  0.391729  35.97112    6
29           0.475  0.227427  34.66474   11
30           0.353  0.789038  35.52175    5
31           0.426  0.268705  36.28426    7
32           0.370  0.391738  34.89671    2
33           0.345 -0.042386  34.18238   12
34           0.389 -3.808570  40.02625    1
35           0.465  0.381772  36.24803    1
36           0.405  0.471585  35.83791   10
37           0.351  0.321385  36.09142   12
38           0.465 -3.838099  40.44795    3
39           0.416 -3.858256  40.21352    2
40           0.396  0.762215  35.96580    5
41           0.458 -4.084104  39.52097   12
42           0.333 -0.287559  34.23838    8
43           0.354  0.494300  34.70280    5
44           0.471 -0.469218  34.11691   12
45           0.447 -3.799268  39.84271    2
46           0.491  0.563683  35.93661    5
47           0.304 -0.337027  34.41793    5
48           0.377 -3.532964  40.25169   11
49           0.340  0.546431  35.67935    9
50           0.293  0.781537  35.84421    7
51           0.316 -0.005672  34.81198    3
52           0.292 -4.162723  39.95760   11
53           0.494  0.671808  36.17935    6
54           0.487  0.590831  36.07799    7
55           0.421  0.510726  36.07699    4
56           0.280  0.060492  34.52231    9
57           0.377  0.336850  36.16813    8
58           0.403 -4.172818  40.13615    1
59           0.478 -3.859000  39.98859    3
60           0.297  0.713689  36.16168    6
61           0.426  0.500206  36.31593   10
62           0.331  0.784125  36.59381    2
63           0.415  0.658540  36.10305    9
64           0.488  0.733693  36.14050    8
65           0.422  0.608963  36.42013    6
66           0.301  0.887616  36.83566   10
67           0.268  0.003536  34.58878    7
68           0.296  0.434322  35.91646    6
69           0.415 -0.409132  34.98090    8
70           0.453  0.020354  34.46414    5
71           0.272  0.442985  34.88932    7
72           0.363 -0.069661  34.12210    8
73           0.358  0.633225  35.85542    4
74           0.434  0.747170  36.32947    2
75           0.455  0.368178  34.86525    1
76           0.383  0.003828  34.27005    4
77           0.450  0.451452  36.96706    5
78           0.405 -0.366736  34.02572    2
79           0.295  0.730270  36.90646   11
80           0.319  0.351863  36.02829    8
81           0.383 -3.127492  40.31850    2
82           0.380  0.251942  36.71002    1
83           0.347 -3.239091  39.56157    5
84           0.467  0.388964  36.25447    2
85           0.311  0.082401  36.30477    7
86           0.378  0.069714  34.04753    6
87           0.420  0.467812  36.06025    3
88           0.394  0.209908  34.07571    8
89           0.293  0.545847  36.08649    9
90           0.412  0.327209  35.69058    4
91           0.350  0.766204  35.62004   10
92           0.356  0.559804  36.54738   12
93           0.250  0.450398  36.21992   10
94           0.269 -0.145861  34.31846   10
95           0.268 -3.886996  40.17429    4
96           0.356 -3.597481  40.39779   10
97           0.242  0.153436  36.94035    8
98           0.303  0.356592  36.11086    1
99           0.358  0.713961  35.65155    9
100          0.226 -4.263337  40.03336    8
101          0.416  0.557169  36.77664   12
102          0.289  0.006450  36.65959    1
103          0.262  0.453422  36.27872    6
104          0.337 -3.321565  39.62384    8
105          0.332  0.101645  34.88899   11
106          0.398 -3.823837  40.36112    3
107          0.399  0.674348  36.83584   11
108          0.232  0.865903  36.40217   11
109          0.283 -0.321175  34.28403    1
110          0.215 -3.698118  39.87183    8
111          0.425 -3.503586  40.46918   11
112          0.379  0.539970  35.55555    3
113          0.498  0.071576  36.08165    6
114          0.239  0.336523  34.39818    9
115          0.253 -0.277416  34.60346    1
116          0.409 -0.234708  34.58660    8
117          0.254  0.558391  35.52467    1
118          0.220 -0.301294  34.46000   10
119          0.433  0.533908  36.04032   10
120          0.246 -0.415052  34.43068    5
121          0.249 -3.863189  39.62579    6
122          0.225  0.337701  36.05968    3
123          0.290 -0.300284  34.84372    2
124          0.222  0.773735  35.82259    5
125          0.370  0.644317  35.93112   11
126          0.226  0.552580  36.22456    7
127          0.422  0.344632  36.21040    6
128          0.414 -3.398660  39.52568    1
129          0.251  0.718668  36.30709    9
130          0.241 -3.210432  40.48858   10
131          0.443 -4.292576  39.50717    8
132          0.311 -4.403101  39.65711    5
133          0.332  0.212177  36.12247    8
134          0.345 -0.119836  34.73435    5
135          0.346  0.777968  36.56528    2
136          0.468  0.187812  36.98625    9
137          0.409  0.400731  36.23533    8
138          0.481  0.121541  34.91005    1
139          0.210  0.283619  34.09665    2
140          0.324  0.253883  36.07526   12
141          0.347 -3.142748  39.66074    4
142          0.255 -3.655620  39.87743    1
143          0.413 -4.249430  40.26051   12
144          0.219  0.751534  35.86657    3
145          0.418  0.766869  36.04098    1
146          0.250 -0.023826  34.26278    4
147          0.204  0.485403  35.52477   12
148          0.418  0.263224  34.19253    5
149          0.459  0.477013  35.54928   10
150          0.211  0.384022  34.02705    2
151          0.214 -3.146265  40.49722    5
152          0.394  0.318151  36.56419    1
153          0.166 -3.517081  39.52224    9
154          0.414  0.303989  36.29968   12
155          0.431  0.890096  36.78095    1
156          0.276  0.674121  36.02678   12
157          0.225  0.736971  35.79757    7
158          0.205  0.073858  34.05455    9
159          0.397  0.460773  36.67118    6
160          0.408  0.052523  34.59151    1
161          0.332  0.485369  36.31526   10
162          0.401 -0.217196  34.81101    5
163          0.466  0.896829  36.51576    4
164          0.179  0.579902  35.67202    5
165          0.468  0.337722  36.97235    4
166          0.300  0.375960  36.45912    4
167          0.368  0.543212  35.71324    5
168          0.235 -3.298193  40.38532   12
169          0.170 -3.851707  39.83800    7
170          0.408  0.707603  36.65120    8
171          0.163  0.825720  36.64369    5
172          0.420  0.114748  36.16275   11
173          0.219  0.240230  34.19761    4
174          0.455 -3.323505  40.26262    6
175          0.198 -0.330029  34.05652    3
176          0.393  0.686601  36.53258   12
177          0.233 -0.198593  34.51084    8
178          0.487  0.066219  34.14886   11
179          0.207 -3.313444  40.07777    6
180          0.241 -0.179725  34.63135    5
181          0.276 -0.483169  34.82323   11
182          0.171 -0.341591  34.02670    1
183          0.242 -3.438159  39.80896   10
184          0.207 -3.251610  39.70317    4
185          0.144  0.768564  36.34449    7
186          0.231  0.004881  36.66987   10
187          0.313  0.586434  36.21365   12
188          0.356 -3.456984  39.50133   10
189          0.302  0.596891  35.50267    1
190          0.140 -0.158583  34.69389   10
191          0.259  0.372132  36.40340   10
192          0.436 -3.951122  39.99899    1
193          0.175 -3.807142  40.22625    7
194          0.306  0.489016  35.62197    9
195          0.143 -4.251549  40.21037   12
196          0.227  0.766578  36.31782   12
197          0.171  0.132121  36.43519    9
198          0.461 -3.970873  40.14047    4
199          0.406 -3.278443  39.82399    6
200          0.428 -0.400119  34.17433    2
201          0.384 -0.229443  34.95135    9
202          0.453  0.642201  36.30324    6
203          0.196 -3.735796  40.42983    5
204          0.151  0.376115  36.46346    3
205          0.129  0.486570  36.41388   12
206          0.256  0.486488  35.52221   10
207          0.163  0.379388  35.67071   10
208          0.329 -0.248427  34.03489   12
209          0.373  0.584043  36.02554    3
210          0.133 -3.665025  39.83007   12
211          0.166 -4.373175  40.14652   10
212          0.191  0.573178  35.67974    9
213          0.359  0.516859  35.87766    4
214          0.132  0.350794  36.55204    7
215          0.147  0.304140  36.38260    2
216          0.462  0.593386  36.26481    4
217          0.373  0.598571  35.50220    4
218          0.340  0.414639  36.16541    1
219          0.139 -0.384519  34.45476    1
220          0.447 -0.289821  34.28542    6
221          0.287  0.543134  36.81705   10
222          0.131 -0.102774  34.88673    4
223          0.146 -3.406957  40.21253    2
224          0.117  0.385469  36.10766    4
225          0.123 -4.356603  39.82516   10
226          0.436  0.398460  36.25544   12
227          0.154  0.956226  36.28778    3
228          0.323  0.704437  36.16360    2
229          0.204  0.654988  36.99654    3
230          0.343 -3.527778  40.48226    1
231          0.236 -3.177644  39.72979    4
232          0.114  0.692534  36.23131    9
233          0.327 -0.057607  34.51847    4
234          0.227  0.908234  36.27266    3
235          0.119 -3.615870  39.86077    5
236          0.422 -4.299483  39.88694   11
237          0.282 -3.257007  39.76033   12
238          0.246  0.681290  35.58529    2
239          0.228  0.863319  36.73028    2
240          0.253  0.196584  34.80451    1
241          0.182  0.246377  36.35010    5
242          0.199  0.861866  36.86238    2
243          0.237  0.455703  36.13022    7
244          0.343 -4.371148  39.72761    7
245          0.194  0.517634  36.71690   11
246          0.138  0.754502  35.66954    8
247          0.450 -0.286381  34.21387    8
248          0.167  0.790527  36.35410    1
249          0.327  0.116088  36.92707    3
250          0.119 -4.274869  39.71717    5
251          0.135  0.389103  35.73425    5
252          0.117 -3.423720  40.34759    8
253          0.106  0.634139  35.89370   12
254          0.167  0.153977  36.17979    5
255          0.414 -3.555665  40.43376    7
256          0.132  0.244877  34.76314   11
257          0.359  0.081233  36.74369    2
258          0.117 -4.361465  39.68161    3
259          0.258  0.532950  36.45360    3
260          0.433 -3.996962  39.50270    6
261          0.476 -4.227261  40.32350   12
262          0.149  0.008290  34.80383    4
263          0.107  0.012605  36.31149    8
264          0.209  0.384589  36.07466    4
265          0.278 -4.496689  40.25212    4
266          0.159  0.396701  34.79247    6
267          0.390 -0.081284  34.73439    4
268          0.104 -3.139480  39.95007    9
269          0.498  0.460413  36.31924    6
270          0.346  0.807134  36.96979    3
271          0.290  0.193221  34.36773    7
272          0.085 -3.439290  39.88355    5
273          0.272 -3.540926  39.53572    9
274          0.242 -4.108339  39.83942   10
275          0.223 -3.592864  40.34019    2
276          0.147  0.341335  35.65856    7
277          0.213  0.458367  36.13785    3
278          0.327  0.385802  36.79940   10
279          0.161  0.033490  36.29731   12
280          0.159  0.726323  35.95831    3
281          0.155  0.668225  36.22149    9
282          0.141  0.693002  36.17368    7
283          0.112 -4.039550  40.40932    6
284          0.308 -3.961191  40.09138   12
285          0.117 -4.423413  39.73873    1
286          0.194 -3.604795  40.42862    9
287          0.216 -3.674863  40.43021    2
288          0.290  0.821119  36.12036    2
289          0.117 -0.193554  34.71820    4
290          0.432  0.308707  35.64527   12
291          0.106 -4.110390  39.67513    4
292          0.273  0.695054  36.34168    6
293          0.486  0.604040  35.59817    2
294          0.150 -4.181601  39.55354    7
295          0.315 -0.354204  34.48202   12
296          0.119  0.597460  36.27832    9
297          0.115 -0.174967  34.88792    5
298          0.299  0.429564  34.20247    3
299          0.242  0.474060  34.87647    2
300          0.440 -0.167675  34.17361    3
301          0.088  0.221617  34.24508    7
302          0.119 -0.324161  34.94071    6
303          0.212  0.352409  36.37389    2
304          0.300 -3.023377  39.81114    1
305          0.229  0.269988  36.23107    8
306          0.087 -4.188232  40.11221    9
307          0.086  0.130669  34.66889    1
308          0.490 -4.055167  39.89019   12
309          0.179  0.261620  36.21381    8
310          0.255 -3.787060  39.96068   12
311          0.113  0.360816  36.80882    6
312          0.137  0.348945  34.10104    2
313          0.275  0.553040  36.26969    4
314          0.153  0.088722  36.88650    1
315          0.291  0.690538  36.12287    3
316          0.238  0.640133  36.99728    7
317          0.261 -4.457069  39.81877    7
318          0.389 -0.284955  34.67403    4
319          0.378 -3.148560  40.48454    9
320          0.195  0.429962  36.44870    2
321          0.095 -4.443400  39.72858    6
322          0.068  0.798495  35.57873    8
323          0.440 -0.213004  34.53866    7
324          0.134  0.319673  35.56126    9
325          0.291  0.712163  36.95677    5
326          0.135 -3.654190  39.86238    6
327          0.265  0.341303  36.15353    8
328          0.164 -0.396664  34.48544   10
329          0.204  0.623142  36.06329    7
330          0.083  0.887765  36.37275    4
331          0.373 -3.469377  40.33441   11
332          0.360 -3.800521  39.79402   10
333          0.442  0.498972  35.98203    6
334          0.288  0.430104  34.16121    2
335          0.131  0.086402  34.64152    5
336          0.141 -3.228340  40.21093   11
337          0.282  0.077897  34.81936    7
338          0.071  0.760486  36.98668    8
339          0.400 -4.447770  40.18104   11
340          0.249 -4.370623  39.54728    3
341          0.213  0.270328  36.12894    8
342          0.356  0.397252  35.93518    8
343          0.068  0.590951  35.92829    1
344          0.083  0.592860  35.96107   10
345          0.285 -4.164445  39.62403   11
346          0.203  0.716297  36.41512    9
347          0.070  0.027566  36.03515   12
348          0.193  0.538052  35.72029    9
349          0.462 -3.115557  39.91455   11
350          0.247 -0.163458  34.71022   11
351          0.231  0.558371  36.26037    3
352          0.240 -3.813874  39.72431   10
353          0.070  0.704019  36.88733    8
354          0.187  0.200704  36.95393    1
355          0.069  0.638758  36.40225    1
356          0.124  0.280627  34.52202   11
357          0.059  0.542925  36.80939    7
358          0.240 -3.603121  40.13713   10
359          0.143  0.705014  36.80263   10
360          0.225  0.730752  36.57505    3
361          0.073  0.938827  36.56313    9
362          0.251 -3.793193  40.15060   12
363          0.156  0.425749  35.96902    2
364          0.182 -0.297197  34.23289   11
365          0.122  0.944026  36.02764    3
366          0.051  0.962326  36.90356    6
367          0.170  0.344416  36.40433    6
368          0.171 -0.351740  34.37842    9
369          0.223 -0.290393  34.67191    6
370          0.200  0.766917  35.98098    3
371          0.270  0.755473  36.05276    2
372          0.134 -0.301647  34.04555    3
373          0.302 -0.026764  34.06416    4
374          0.191  0.278311  36.55933    1
375          0.071 -3.735665  40.28770    4
376          0.140 -4.120575  39.55942    4
377          0.143  0.234162  36.01109    7
378          0.128 -0.436294  34.78879    5
379          0.067  0.203462  34.02617    5
380          0.261  0.669081  35.50657    7
381          0.072  0.765459  36.06293    7
382          0.162  0.421778  36.59564    8
383          0.132  0.114445  34.42292   12
384          0.100  0.321548  36.02400   12
385          0.065  0.676790  35.61738    7
386          0.078  0.698610  36.37761    6
387          0.250  0.382020  36.12138    1
388          0.128 -4.244006  40.10424    5
389          0.195 -3.918114  39.68869    6
390          0.123  0.233346  36.18441    2
391          0.110 -3.696381  40.12184    6
392          0.094  0.936800  36.58002   10
393          0.185 -0.457987  34.77109    2
394          0.072  0.480006  36.37491    3
395          0.051  0.306403  36.16258   12
396          0.182  0.611166  36.10711    7
397          0.097 -0.371847  34.31543    6
398          0.188 -3.765046  39.73276    8
399          0.087 -0.128726  34.05809    8
400          0.084 -3.819979  39.59551    2
401          0.074  0.278424  34.37851   10
402          0.102  0.471568  36.09708    8
403          0.075  0.568697  35.52363    2
404          0.132  0.938565  36.14596    5
405          0.098  0.033858  36.24659   11
406          0.073  0.707825  36.04186    1
407          0.077  0.754074  35.92952   10
408          0.103 -3.327307  40.39883   12
409          0.079  0.182372  34.79415   12
410          0.052 -3.325686  39.67415   11
411          0.041  1.595042  38.27723    3
412          0.048  1.531886  37.50783    9
413          0.039  1.126944  38.14390    8
414          0.035  1.971392  37.66871    3
415          0.049  1.680891  38.46992    4
416          0.040  1.747649  37.85179    8
417          0.037  1.604614  38.37561    8
418          0.047  1.982295  38.45000    3
419          0.034  1.024560  37.86149    3
420          0.048  1.851999  38.03660    4
421          0.049  1.262156  38.21889   11
422          0.046  1.070752  38.17003    6
423          0.038  1.398151  38.45110    1
424          0.037  1.355270  38.20233    4
425          0.022  1.312119  37.69483    9
426          0.036  1.612399  37.58077    6
427          0.026  1.042896  37.76810    9
428          0.026  1.669279  38.48383   12
429          0.044  1.021039  38.45860    5
430          0.047  1.925900  37.82966    9
431          0.027  1.633922  37.82600   11
432          0.049  1.264188  38.49577    1
433          0.030  1.429312  38.13617    6
434          0.050  1.951829  37.60388    1
435          0.020  1.343476  38.26147    9
436          0.042  1.873895  38.20432    7
437          0.049  1.811383  37.54689   10
438          0.032  1.183982  38.41024    1
439          0.020  1.852813  37.83077    7
440          0.025  1.646087  37.75478    8
441          0.033  1.206849  38.17111    3
442          0.042  1.616605  38.37689    2
443          0.022  1.830654  38.03501   11
444          0.017  1.489062  38.43264    8
445          0.028  1.431014  37.97760   11
446          0.018  1.513560  38.19883    3
447          0.018  1.642473  38.28041   11
448          0.034  1.013245  38.11459    3
449          0.037  1.391490  38.23785    5
450          0.036  1.516991  38.35188    6
451          0.046  1.274611  37.75776   10
452          0.038  1.346044  37.66858   11
453          0.032  1.219533  37.73101    1
454          0.037  1.280320  38.12866    2
455          0.015  1.785665  37.87136    5
456          0.025  1.968700  37.80224   10
457          0.023  1.011842  38.30452   11
458          0.038  1.537852  38.15600   11
459          0.020  1.731323  37.55982   11
460          0.030  1.871130  37.77152    4
461          0.049  1.009216  37.79080   10
462          0.028  1.659940  37.69831    4
463          0.047  1.706723  37.87046    5
464          0.029  1.891496  37.57439    6
465          0.033  1.935804  37.64650   11
466          0.027  1.495355  37.79892    5
467          0.040  1.355811  38.35646    9
468          0.024  1.107165  37.70726    6
469          0.034  1.294720  38.16261    4
470          0.020  1.563246  38.46291    9
471          0.017  1.835285  38.25304    9
472          0.030  1.793479  38.18151   12
473          0.035  1.280311  37.53075    3
474          0.029  1.303416  38.19638    9
475          0.010  1.291536  38.01872   10
476          0.017  1.797145  38.07004    2
477          0.012  1.900882  38.11352    3
478          0.011  1.460077  37.96927    5
479          0.011  1.428987  38.30590   11
480          0.020  1.101001  37.88310   12
481          0.012  1.586083  37.50900    4
482          0.024  1.353350  37.60047    7
483          0.047  1.577578  38.13709    8
484          0.018  1.843713  38.35049    7
485          0.018  1.986003  37.55677   11
486          0.027  1.172087  37.82122   12
487          0.011  1.430983  38.31161    6
488          0.015  1.585216  37.93131    9
489          0.029  1.327488  38.10034    3
490          0.020  1.341177  38.30915    5
491          0.011  1.335961  37.79203    6
492          0.012  1.424613  37.51156   11
493          0.023  1.969531  37.68740    6
494          0.032  1.458297  37.96663    9
495          0.025  1.284939  38.15050    3
496          0.015  1.420194  38.23574    1
497          0.030  1.767791  38.05024    2
498          0.010  1.020795  38.24182    7
499          0.013  1.794455  37.86430    7
500          0.012  1.439627  37.53314    4

# Example: Arrange data by ascending positive cases
SMdata |>
  dplyr::arrange((Positive))

        Region Year Month       Age Intervention_Type Total Positive
1     Low Risk 2022   Dec   5 to 14          Bed nets    14        0
2     Low Risk 2022   Apr   5 to 14              None    35        0
3     Low Risk 2022   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying    17        0
4     Low Risk 2022   Jan Above >14          Bed nets    38        0
5     Low Risk 2022   Oct Above >14      Vaccinations    27        0
6     Low Risk 2022   Jun Above >14          Bed nets    14        0
7     Low Risk 2022   Apr Above >14      Vaccinations    10        0
8     Low Risk 2022   Apr  Below <5      Vaccinations    16        0
9     Low Risk 2022   Nov  Below <5      Vaccinations    11        0
10    Low Risk 2022   Feb  Below <5      Vaccinations    10        0
11    Low Risk 2022   May  Below <5   Indoor spraying    10        0
12    Low Risk 2022   May  Below <5              None    16        0
13    Low Risk 2022   Nov  Below <5              None    17        0
14    Low Risk 2023   May   5 to 14   Indoor spraying    15        0
15    Low Risk 2023   Jun   5 to 14          Bed nets    28        0
16    Low Risk 2023   Nov Above >14   Indoor spraying    10        0
17    Low Risk 2023   Feb Above >14   Indoor spraying    22        0
18    Low Risk 2023   Dec Above >14      Vaccinations    18        0
19    Low Risk 2024   Aug   5 to 14      Vaccinations    34        0
20    Low Risk 2024   Jan Above >14              None    10        0
21    Low Risk 2024   Oct Above >14              None    11        0
22    Low Risk 2024   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying    19        0
23    Low Risk 2024   Jan Above >14   Indoor spraying    20        0
24    Low Risk 2024   Nov  Below <5      Vaccinations    15        0
25    Low Risk 2025   Apr   5 to 14      Vaccinations    17        0
26    Low Risk 2025   Jun   5 to 14              None    34        0
27    Low Risk 2025   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying    17        0
28    Low Risk 2022   Sep   5 to 14      Vaccinations    25        1
29    Low Risk 2022   Dec   5 to 14      Vaccinations    26        1
30    Low Risk 2022   Jun   5 to 14              None    47        1
31    Low Risk 2022   Nov   5 to 14          Bed nets    28        1
32    Low Risk 2022   Apr   5 to 14   Indoor spraying    44        1
33    Low Risk 2022   Apr Above >14              None    34        1
34    Low Risk 2022   Feb Above >14      Vaccinations    27        1
35    Low Risk 2022   May Above >14          Bed nets    19        1
36    Low Risk 2022   Aug Above >14              None    24        1
37    Low Risk 2022   Apr Above >14          Bed nets    25        1
38    Low Risk 2022   Mar  Below <5   Indoor spraying    35        1
39    Low Risk 2022   Sep  Below <5          Bed nets    28        1
40    Low Risk 2022   Jan  Below <5              None    45        1
41    Low Risk 2022   Sep  Below <5          Bed nets    28        1
42    Low Risk 2023   Sep   5 to 14      Vaccinations    25        1
43    Low Risk 2023   Sep   5 to 14   Indoor spraying    23        1
44    Low Risk 2023   Sep   5 to 14   Indoor spraying    35        1
45    Low Risk 2023   Feb   5 to 14          Bed nets    31        1
46    Low Risk 2023   Aug Above >14      Vaccinations    32        1
47    Low Risk 2023   May Above >14   Indoor spraying    22        1
48    Low Risk 2023   Jan Above >14          Bed nets    42        1
49    Low Risk 2023   Mar  Below <5              None    37        1
50    Low Risk 2023   Sep  Below <5          Bed nets    23        1
51    Low Risk 2023   Aug  Below <5              None    42        1
52    Low Risk 2023   Sep  Below <5   Indoor spraying    35        1
53    Low Risk 2023   Jun  Below <5              None    17        1
54    Low Risk 2023   May  Below <5      Vaccinations    34        1
55    Low Risk 2023   Nov  Below <5   Indoor spraying    38        1
56    Low Risk 2023   Jul  Below <5   Indoor spraying    14        1
57    Low Risk 2023   Feb  Below <5   Indoor spraying    30        1
58    Low Risk 2023   Feb  Below <5              None    44        1
59    Low Risk 2024   May   5 to 14   Indoor spraying    38        1
60    Low Risk 2024   Jan   5 to 14              None    47        1
61    Low Risk 2024   Dec   5 to 14          Bed nets    29        1
62    Low Risk 2024   Jul   5 to 14   Indoor spraying    39        1
63    Low Risk 2024   Feb Above >14      Vaccinations    23        1
64    Low Risk 2024   Mar Above >14   Indoor spraying    48        1
65    Low Risk 2024   Apr Above >14   Indoor spraying    18        1
66    Low Risk 2024   Jul  Below <5          Bed nets    16        1
67    Low Risk 2024   May  Below <5      Vaccinations    25        1
68    Low Risk 2024   Oct  Below <5          Bed nets    28        1
69    Low Risk 2025   Jul   5 to 14              None    18        1
70    Low Risk 2025   Jun   5 to 14          Bed nets    32        1
71    Low Risk 2025   Aug   5 to 14              None    35        1
72    Low Risk 2025   Mar   5 to 14      Vaccinations    30        1
73    Low Risk 2025   Jun   5 to 14              None    34        1
74    Low Risk 2025   Apr Above >14              None    15        1
75    Low Risk 2025   Aug Above >14          Bed nets    33        1
76    Low Risk 2025   Oct Above >14   Indoor spraying    32        1
77    Low Risk 2025   Jun  Below <5   Indoor spraying    36        1
78    Low Risk 2025   May  Below <5   Indoor spraying    40        1
79    Low Risk 2022   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying    40        2
80    Low Risk 2022   Aug Above >14   Indoor spraying    41        2
81    Low Risk 2022   Oct Above >14          Bed nets    44        2
82    Low Risk 2022   Mar  Below <5              None    44        2
83    Low Risk 2022   Jan  Below <5   Indoor spraying    38        2
84    Low Risk 2023   Dec Above >14      Vaccinations    48        2
85    Low Risk 2024   Mar Above >14              None    47        2
86    Low Risk 2024   Dec Above >14      Vaccinations    49        2
87    Low Risk 2024   Nov  Below <5   Indoor spraying    48        2
88    Low Risk 2025   Mar   5 to 14          Bed nets    40        2
89    Low Risk 2025   Nov Above >14      Vaccinations    46        2
90    Low Risk 2025   Nov  Below <5   Indoor spraying    46        2
91     Coastal 2022   Dec   5 to 14   Indoor spraying    51        3
92    Highland 2023   Sep   5 to 14      Vaccinations    62        5
93     Coastal 2024   Nov   5 to 14   Indoor spraying    52        5
94  Lake Basin 2025   Oct Above >14          Bed nets    66        5
95    Seasonal 2023   Jun   5 to 14          Bed nets    65        6
96    Highland 2024   Jan  Below <5          Bed nets    88        6
97    Highland 2022   Nov  Below <5   Indoor spraying    82        8
98    Highland 2023   Dec  Below <5   Indoor spraying   109        8
99    Seasonal 2025   Aug  Below <5      Vaccinations    58        8
100 Lake Basin 2022   Dec   5 to 14      Vaccinations   107        9
101    Coastal 2022   Feb   5 to 14              None   108        9
102 Lake Basin 2024   Mar   5 to 14              None   127        9
103    Coastal 2023   May Above >14          Bed nets    54       10
104   Highland 2022   Dec Above >14              None   226       11
105   Highland 2023   Jul  Below <5              None    62       11
106 Lake Basin 2025   Nov Above >14      Vaccinations   110       11
107   Seasonal 2024   Jan Above >14          Bed nets    99       12
108    Coastal 2025   May Above >14   Indoor spraying   107       12
109   Seasonal 2025   Mar Above >14   Indoor spraying   123       12
110 Lake Basin 2025   Oct  Below <5          Bed nets    63       12
111   Highland 2025   Dec  Below <5              None   166       12
112    Coastal 2022   Mar Above >14          Bed nets    65       13
113   Highland 2023   Jul   5 to 14          Bed nets   183       14
114   Seasonal 2024   May   5 to 14      Vaccinations    55       14
115    Coastal 2025   Apr  Below <5      Vaccinations   110       14
116   Seasonal 2022   Jul Above >14          Bed nets    95       15
117 Lake Basin 2024   Apr   5 to 14          Bed nets   117       15
118   Seasonal 2024   Sep  Below <5   Indoor spraying   152       15
119   Highland 2025   Jun Above >14      Vaccinations   227       15
120 Lake Basin 2022   Jun  Below <5      Vaccinations   238       16
121   Highland 2024   Nov  Below <5              None    61       16
122   Highland 2025   Apr  Below <5          Bed nets   227       16
123   Seasonal 2022   Feb Above >14          Bed nets    91       17
124    Coastal 2023   May Above >14              None   239       17
125    Coastal 2023   Aug Above >14          Bed nets   122       17
126   Seasonal 2025   Oct   5 to 14          Bed nets   122       17
127 Lake Basin 2025   Feb   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   135       17
128   Highland 2024   Nov   5 to 14              None    92       18
129   Highland 2024   Nov   5 to 14          Bed nets    67       18
130 Lake Basin 2024   Aug   5 to 14          Bed nets   136       18
131 Lake Basin 2024   Dec  Below <5   Indoor spraying    61       18
132   Highland 2024   Apr   5 to 14              None   112       19
133 Lake Basin 2024   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying   112       19
134 Lake Basin 2024   May Above >14      Vaccinations    85       19
135    Coastal 2022   Feb  Below <5   Indoor spraying    80       20
136   Highland 2023   Feb Above >14      Vaccinations   128       20
137 Lake Basin 2025   Apr   5 to 14          Bed nets   112       20
138   Seasonal 2025   Nov Above >14      Vaccinations   168       20
139   Seasonal 2025   May  Below <5              None   395       20
140    Coastal 2023   Apr   5 to 14   Indoor spraying    87       21
141   Seasonal 2024   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying   150       21
142   Seasonal 2025   Oct  Below <5              None    93       21
143   Seasonal 2025   Apr  Below <5              None   283       21
144   Highland 2022   May Above >14              None   317       22
145 Lake Basin 2024   Dec  Below <5          Bed nets   179       22
146   Seasonal 2025   Oct Above >14   Indoor spraying   377       22
147 Lake Basin 2022   Sep   5 to 14              None    93       23
148   Seasonal 2024   Mar   5 to 14          Bed nets   101       23
149    Coastal 2024   Oct  Below <5      Vaccinations    94       23
150   Seasonal 2025   Jul   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   323       23
151   Seasonal 2025   Jun   5 to 14          Bed nets   124       23
152   Seasonal 2023   Feb  Below <5              None   347       24
153   Highland 2024   May  Below <5   Indoor spraying   125       24
154    Coastal 2025   Nov  Below <5          Bed nets    51       24
155    Coastal 2023   Sep   5 to 14          Bed nets    89       25
156   Highland 2024   Aug   5 to 14          Bed nets   124       25
157    Coastal 2023   Aug   5 to 14              None    65       26
158    Coastal 2023   Jun   5 to 14          Bed nets   104       26
159   Seasonal 2023   Mar   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   122       26
160   Highland 2024   Jun Above >14      Vaccinations    74       26
161   Highland 2025   Sep Above >14              None   380       26
162   Highland 2025   Sep  Below <5              None   310       26
163   Highland 2022   Apr   5 to 14              None    60       27
164 Lake Basin 2022   Jan Above >14   Indoor spraying    94       27
165 Lake Basin 2022   Sep  Below <5          Bed nets   206       27
166    Coastal 2022   Feb  Below <5          Bed nets   191       27
167 Lake Basin 2023   Aug Above >14          Bed nets    95       27
168   Seasonal 2025   Jan Above >14              None   383       27
169   Highland 2022   May   5 to 14              None   106       28
170 Lake Basin 2022   Jan   5 to 14      Vaccinations   170       28
171   Highland 2024   May   5 to 14      Vaccinations   139       28
172   Seasonal 2024   Jun   5 to 14      Vaccinations   332       28
173    Coastal 2025   Dec Above >14      Vaccinations    76       28
174    Coastal 2025   Sep  Below <5          Bed nets    78       28
175 Lake Basin 2022   Mar Above >14          Bed nets    65       29
176   Highland 2025   Jan   5 to 14      Vaccinations   213       29
177   Seasonal 2025   Mar Above >14      Vaccinations   101       29
178    Coastal 2025   Oct  Below <5      Vaccinations   215       29
179   Highland 2022   Sep Above >14          Bed nets   156       30
180    Coastal 2023   Mar   5 to 14          Bed nets   319       30
181   Highland 2024   Apr   5 to 14          Bed nets   443       30
182    Coastal 2022   Jan   5 to 14              None   119       31
183 Lake Basin 2023   Sep   5 to 14      Vaccinations    81       31
184    Coastal 2023   Mar Above >14   Indoor spraying    83       31
185 Lake Basin 2023   Mar   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   231       32
186   Highland 2023   Sep   5 to 14              None   116       32
187   Seasonal 2024   Feb   5 to 14          Bed nets   210       32
188   Seasonal 2025   Nov   5 to 14      Vaccinations   110       32
189   Seasonal 2025   May Above >14          Bed nets   135       32
190   Seasonal 2023   Sep  Below <5          Bed nets   183       33
191    Coastal 2024   Feb Above >14          Bed nets   129       33
192   Seasonal 2024   Nov Above >14      Vaccinations   294       33
193   Seasonal 2023   Jan  Below <5              None   149       34
194    Coastal 2024   Dec   5 to 14              None   396       34
195 Lake Basin 2024   Dec  Below <5          Bed nets   394       34
196    Coastal 2025   Mar Above >14   Indoor spraying    70       34
197 Lake Basin 2022   Jul   5 to 14              None   291       35
198   Highland 2025   Apr Above >14   Indoor spraying   166       35
199    Coastal 2025   Jan  Below <5      Vaccinations   117       35
200 Lake Basin 2022   Aug   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   113       36
201   Seasonal 2022   Nov  Below <5              None   306       36
202 Lake Basin 2023   Jan Above >14   Indoor spraying   311       36
203 Lake Basin 2024   Sep Above >14          Bed nets   120       36
204 Lake Basin 2024   Jul  Below <5              None   149       36
205 Lake Basin 2025   Aug   5 to 14              None    82       36
206 Lake Basin 2025   Dec  Below <5          Bed nets   404       36
207 Lake Basin 2022   Sep   5 to 14              None   319       37
208   Highland 2023   Aug   5 to 14              None    85       37
209    Coastal 2024   Sep   5 to 14      Vaccinations   346       37
210   Highland 2025   Apr   5 to 14              None   134       37
211   Highland 2025   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying    77       37
212    Coastal 2025   Aug  Below <5          Bed nets   247       37
213   Highland 2023   Sep  Below <5              None   248       38
214   Highland 2024   Jun   5 to 14          Bed nets   272       38
215    Coastal 2024   Apr Above >14          Bed nets   339       38
216    Coastal 2024   Jan  Below <5   Indoor spraying   124       38
217    Coastal 2024   Nov  Below <5              None   323       38
218    Coastal 2025   Jul   5 to 14      Vaccinations   198       38
219    Coastal 2025   Aug   5 to 14      Vaccinations   177       38
220   Seasonal 2025   Apr Above >14          Bed nets   131       38
221   Highland 2023   Sep Above >14      Vaccinations   243       39
222   Highland 2022   Dec   5 to 14      Vaccinations   188       40
223   Seasonal 2022   Sep Above >14              None   123       40
224   Seasonal 2023   Mar  Below <5          Bed nets   249       40
225    Coastal 2022   Apr Above >14          Bed nets   171       41
226    Coastal 2025   Nov   5 to 14              None   182       41
227   Highland 2025   Mar  Below <5          Bed nets   279       41
228 Lake Basin 2022   Oct Above >14              None   107       42
229    Coastal 2023   Mar Above >14          Bed nets   405       42
230   Highland 2023   Jul  Below <5              None    84       42
231   Seasonal 2024   Sep   5 to 14              None   122       42
232 Lake Basin 2024   Aug Above >14   Indoor spraying   144       42
233    Coastal 2024   Sep Above >14      Vaccinations   492       42
234    Coastal 2024   Jul  Below <5              None   153       42
235   Seasonal 2023   Apr   5 to 14          Bed nets   407       43
236   Seasonal 2025   Jul  Below <5              None   207       43
237    Coastal 2025   Sep  Below <5          Bed nets   153       43
238 Lake Basin 2025   Dec  Below <5      Vaccinations   268       43
239    Coastal 2022   Jan Above >14          Bed nets   102       44
240    Coastal 2023   Oct Above >14          Bed nets    92       44
241 Lake Basin 2023   Nov  Below <5              None   297       44
242   Seasonal 2022   Feb  Below <5              None   125       45
243    Coastal 2023   Aug   5 to 14      Vaccinations   387       45
244   Highland 2023   Aug   5 to 14              None   173       45
245   Seasonal 2022   Dec   5 to 14      Vaccinations   278       46
246    Coastal 2022   Dec Above >14          Bed nets   110       46
247 Lake Basin 2025   Aug Above >14      Vaccinations   348       46
248   Highland 2025   Apr  Below <5      Vaccinations   446       47
249   Seasonal 2022   Oct Above >14              None   146       48
250    Coastal 2023   Jul Above >14              None   408       48
251   Highland 2024   Jan   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   354       48
252    Coastal 2024   Sep  Below <5   Indoor spraying   410       48
253 Lake Basin 2022   Mar Above >14          Bed nets   108       49
254   Highland 2022   Jun  Below <5          Bed nets   294       49
255 Lake Basin 2022   Oct   5 to 14              None   196       50
256   Seasonal 2022   May Above >14          Bed nets   276       50
257   Seasonal 2023   Oct   5 to 14              None   251       50
258   Seasonal 2023   Mar   5 to 14          Bed nets   210       50
259    Coastal 2023   Jun  Below <5      Vaccinations   147       50
260   Seasonal 2024   Jul  Below <5              None   257       50
261   Highland 2025   Dec  Below <5   Indoor spraying   361       50
262 Lake Basin 2023   Jul Above >14   Indoor spraying   157       51
263   Seasonal 2024   Nov  Below <5   Indoor spraying   223       51
264    Coastal 2025   Dec   5 to 14          Bed nets   430       51
265    Coastal 2025   Oct   5 to 14              None   121       51
266    Coastal 2025   Jul   5 to 14              None   182       51
267   Highland 2025   Sep   5 to 14          Bed nets   207       51
268   Seasonal 2025   Aug  Below <5      Vaccinations   226       51
269   Seasonal 2022   Sep   5 to 14          Bed nets   254       52
270    Coastal 2023   Mar   5 to 14              None   153       52
271    Coastal 2024   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying   222       52
272   Highland 2025   Apr  Below <5              None   456       52
273   Highland 2022   Jul   5 to 14      Vaccinations   466       54
274    Coastal 2022   Oct  Below <5      Vaccinations   438       54
275   Highland 2023   May   5 to 14              None   125       54
276   Seasonal 2023   Mar Above >14   Indoor spraying   349       54
277   Seasonal 2025   May  Below <5          Bed nets   168       54
278 Lake Basin 2022   Dec  Below <5      Vaccinations   419       55
279    Coastal 2023   Dec  Below <5              None   375       55
280 Lake Basin 2025   Apr   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   126       56
281   Seasonal 2025   Aug   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   195       56
282   Highland 2022   Mar  Below <5   Indoor spraying   154       57
283   Highland 2023   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying   169       57
284 Lake Basin 2025   Jul   5 to 14              None   406       57
285   Highland 2022   Jul Above >14          Bed nets   304       58
286   Highland 2024   Mar   5 to 14      Vaccinations   163       58
287   Seasonal 2025   Feb   5 to 14      Vaccinations   440       58
288   Seasonal 2025   Mar  Below <5   Indoor spraying   393       58
289   Highland 2025   May  Below <5      Vaccinations   126       58
290   Highland 2022   Nov  Below <5      Vaccinations   162       60
291    Coastal 2024   Dec Above >14          Bed nets   449       60
292    Coastal 2025   Apr Above >14      Vaccinations   363       60
293   Highland 2022   Jun Above >14      Vaccinations   474       61
294   Highland 2022   Mar Above >14      Vaccinations   236       61
295   Highland 2023   Mar   5 to 14              None   376       61
296 Lake Basin 2023   Nov  Below <5      Vaccinations   187       61
297 Lake Basin 2022   Mar  Below <5              None   162       62
298   Highland 2024   Jul   5 to 14              None   136       62
299    Coastal 2025   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying   317       62
300   Highland 2025   Jun  Below <5          Bed nets   412       62
301 Lake Basin 2025   Aug   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   146       63
302    Coastal 2022   Jun Above >14      Vaccinations   139       64
303    Coastal 2022   Mar  Below <5              None   158       64
304   Highland 2022   Dec  Below <5          Bed nets   285       65
305   Seasonal 2025   Feb   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   378       65
306   Highland 2022   Sep Above >14          Bed nets   214       66
307    Coastal 2023   Nov   5 to 14          Bed nets   465       66
308   Highland 2022   Dec Above >14              None   221       67
309 Lake Basin 2023   Feb Above >14      Vaccinations   478       67
310   Highland 2023   Nov Above >14              None   259       67
311    Coastal 2024   Dec Above >14   Indoor spraying   153       67
312    Coastal 2024   Dec Above >14      Vaccinations   382       67
313    Coastal 2024   Apr Above >14      Vaccinations   191       68
314   Highland 2023   Mar  Below <5      Vaccinations   480       69
315   Seasonal 2024   Feb  Below <5          Bed nets   297       69
316   Seasonal 2025   Jan   5 to 14              None   220       69
317 Lake Basin 2023   May Above >14          Bed nets   255       70
318 Lake Basin 2024   May Above >14   Indoor spraying   409       70
319    Coastal 2024   Mar  Below <5   Indoor spraying   291       70
320    Coastal 2025   Jan   5 to 14              None   338       70
321    Coastal 2022   Jan Above >14   Indoor spraying   348       72
322 Lake Basin 2022   Aug  Below <5          Bed nets   301       72
323    Coastal 2022   Mar  Below <5      Vaccinations   160       73
324 Lake Basin 2024   Aug  Below <5          Bed nets   366       73
325   Seasonal 2024   May  Below <5          Bed nets   185       73
326 Lake Basin 2025   Sep   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   315       73
327 Lake Basin 2025   Dec  Below <5   Indoor spraying   149       73
328   Seasonal 2022   Dec Above >14          Bed nets   176       74
329 Lake Basin 2023   Dec  Below <5          Bed nets   337       74
330    Coastal 2022   Jul Above >14      Vaccinations   319       75
331    Coastal 2023   Dec Above >14          Bed nets   441       75
332   Seasonal 2025   Oct   5 to 14      Vaccinations   183       75
333   Seasonal 2025   Jan  Below <5   Indoor spraying   461       75
334   Highland 2024   Jun  Below <5          Bed nets   208       76
335   Seasonal 2024   Aug Above >14              None   164       77
336   Highland 2025   Jan  Below <5   Indoor spraying   257       77
337 Lake Basin 2023   Apr  Below <5   Indoor spraying   195       78
338   Seasonal 2025   Aug   5 to 14      Vaccinations   168       78
339   Highland 2025   Dec   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   436       78
340 Lake Basin 2023   Dec   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   386       79
341   Seasonal 2023   Jan Above >14   Indoor spraying   200       79
342 Lake Basin 2025   Aug   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   194       79
343   Seasonal 2025   Jul Above >14              None   239       79
344   Highland 2023   Apr   5 to 14              None   289       80
345   Highland 2023   Aug Above >14   Indoor spraying   357       80
346   Highland 2022   Apr   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   197       81
347   Seasonal 2025   Jun Above >14   Indoor spraying   188       81
348    Coastal 2023   Jul   5 to 14          Bed nets   496       82
349    Coastal 2024   Feb Above >14              None   387       83
350   Seasonal 2025   Sep  Below <5      Vaccinations   212       83
351 Lake Basin 2023   Mar Above >14          Bed nets   399       84
352   Highland 2025   Feb  Below <5              None   185       85
353   Highland 2023   Feb Above >14              None   422       86
354 Lake Basin 2023   Sep  Below <5      Vaccinations   205       86
355   Seasonal 2023   Jun  Below <5          Bed nets   208       87
356 Lake Basin 2023   May  Below <5      Vaccinations   349       87
357    Coastal 2022   May Above >14          Bed nets   255       88
358    Coastal 2023   Oct Above >14          Bed nets   345       88
359    Coastal 2025   Jan Above >14              None   214       88
360   Highland 2025   Dec Above >14              None   399       88
361 Lake Basin 2022   Feb  Below <5          Bed nets   426       89
362   Seasonal 2024   Feb  Below <5      Vaccinations   276       89
363   Highland 2023   Apr Above >14              None   219       90
364 Lake Basin 2023   Feb  Below <5              None   188       90
365   Seasonal 2022   Feb Above >14      Vaccinations   263       91
366   Seasonal 2024   Aug Above >14          Bed nets   195       91
367    Coastal 2022   May   5 to 14      Vaccinations   295       92
368   Seasonal 2022   Sep Above >14          Bed nets   278       92
369 Lake Basin 2023   Oct Above >14              None   266       92
370    Coastal 2025   May   5 to 14              None   211       93
371    Coastal 2023   Jul  Below <5   Indoor spraying   228       94
372   Seasonal 2023   Oct  Below <5          Bed nets   376       94
373    Coastal 2025   Mar Above >14          Bed nets   388       94
374   Highland 2022   Apr   5 to 14          Bed nets   420       95
375   Highland 2024   Jul  Below <5   Indoor spraying   224       95
376 Lake Basin 2024   Oct   5 to 14      Vaccinations   330       96
377   Highland 2025   Nov Above >14          Bed nets   434       96
378   Highland 2025   Aug Above >14          Bed nets   260       96
379    Coastal 2024   Nov   5 to 14          Bed nets   396       98
380   Highland 2025   Dec Above >14              None   435       98
381 Lake Basin 2025   Dec  Below <5          Bed nets   403       99
382   Highland 2022   Dec   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   395      100
383 Lake Basin 2024   May   5 to 14      Vaccinations   454      100
384   Seasonal 2025   Sep   5 to 14      Vaccinations   231      100
385 Lake Basin 2022   Dec Above >14      Vaccinations   399      101
386 Lake Basin 2024   Feb  Below <5              None   248      101
387   Seasonal 2023   Jun Above >14              None   204      102
388 Lake Basin 2025   May  Below <5              None   425      102
389   Highland 2022   Jul   5 to 14          Bed nets   271      103
390    Coastal 2023   Mar   5 to 14      Vaccinations   482      104
391    Coastal 2023   Nov   5 to 14          Bed nets   245      104
392    Coastal 2022   Nov Above >14              None   265      105
393   Seasonal 2024   Oct   5 to 14      Vaccinations   264      105
394   Seasonal 2024   Aug  Below <5      Vaccinations   454      105
395 Lake Basin 2025   May Above >14      Vaccinations   373      105
396 Lake Basin 2022   Feb Above >14              None   321      107
397   Seasonal 2023   Jul  Below <5              None   261      108
398   Seasonal 2024   Nov  Below <5   Indoor spraying   373      108
399   Highland 2025   Mar Above >14          Bed nets   413      108
400    Coastal 2025   Oct Above >14   Indoor spraying   321      108
401    Coastal 2025   Dec Above >14      Vaccinations   482      109
402   Highland 2022   Jun  Below <5          Bed nets   365      111
403   Highland 2023   Mar  Below <5              None   309      111
404    Coastal 2023   Nov  Below <5              None   314      112
405   Seasonal 2024   Jun   5 to 14          Bed nets   463      112
406 Lake Basin 2022   Nov  Below <5          Bed nets   422      113
407    Coastal 2023   Apr   5 to 14              None   421      113
408   Highland 2022   Jan  Below <5          Bed nets   456      114
409   Seasonal 2025   Jan Above >14          Bed nets   324      115
410   Highland 2025   Jul   5 to 14              None   330      116
411   Highland 2023   Feb Above >14      Vaccinations   283      117
412   Highland 2023   Jan  Below <5      Vaccinations   404      118
413   Seasonal 2022   May Above >14   Indoor spraying   389      121
414 Lake Basin 2022   Jun  Below <5              None   320      121
415   Highland 2023   Apr  Below <5              None   288      121
416 Lake Basin 2024   Dec  Below <5   Indoor spraying   306      121
417   Highland 2024   Mar Above >14              None   261      122
418    Coastal 2022   Mar   5 to 14      Vaccinations   322      123
419   Seasonal 2023   Jun   5 to 14              None   323      123
420    Coastal 2024   Sep  Below <5   Indoor spraying   353      123
421   Seasonal 2022   Jul   5 to 14              None   275      124
422 Lake Basin 2023   Feb   5 to 14      Vaccinations   305      124
423   Seasonal 2023   Nov Above >14          Bed nets   421      124
424   Seasonal 2025   Feb  Below <5          Bed nets   388      124
425   Seasonal 2022   Nov Above >14      Vaccinations   289      125
426 Lake Basin 2023   Aug   5 to 14      Vaccinations   274      125
427 Lake Basin 2025   May   5 to 14              None   327      125
428 Lake Basin 2022   Nov Above >14              None   278      126
429 Lake Basin 2023   Apr Above >14   Indoor spraying   463      126
430 Lake Basin 2024   Dec  Below <5      Vaccinations   346      126
431   Highland 2025   Aug Above >14              None   351      126
432   Highland 2024   Oct  Below <5   Indoor spraying   430      127
433 Lake Basin 2025   Dec  Below <5          Bed nets   305      127
434 Lake Basin 2024   Feb   5 to 14      Vaccinations   477      128
435   Seasonal 2023   Apr  Below <5      Vaccinations   428      129
436   Seasonal 2022   Jul Above >14              None   313      132
437   Highland 2022   Feb   5 to 14              None   273      133
438   Seasonal 2022   Aug Above >14          Bed nets   315      134
439   Seasonal 2024   Sep   5 to 14              None   404      134
440   Highland 2024   Aug  Below <5   Indoor spraying   322      134
441   Highland 2024   Jan  Below <5          Bed nets   454      135
442    Coastal 2022   Mar  Below <5      Vaccinations   290      139
443 Lake Basin 2024   Aug   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   499      140
444   Seasonal 2024   Mar Above >14              None   372      140
445    Coastal 2025   Aug  Below <5      Vaccinations   347      140
446   Seasonal 2023   Oct Above >14   Indoor spraying   285      141
447   Seasonal 2024   Sep Above >14          Bed nets   289      141
448   Highland 2024   Oct  Below <5   Indoor spraying   335      141
449   Highland 2024   Dec  Below <5   Indoor spraying   483      142
450 Lake Basin 2025   Sep   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   449      142
451    Coastal 2025   Feb  Below <5      Vaccinations   486      142
452    Coastal 2023   Nov  Below <5              None   386      145
453   Highland 2024   Dec  Below <5      Vaccinations   425      145
454   Highland 2022   May  Below <5          Bed nets   298      146
455 Lake Basin 2023   Sep   5 to 14      Vaccinations   481      146
456    Coastal 2024   Jul Above >14      Vaccinations   330      148
457 Lake Basin 2022   Aug  Below <5              None   449      150
458 Lake Basin 2024   Mar   5 to 14      Vaccinations   423      150
459 Lake Basin 2025   Aug  Below <5   Indoor spraying   319      150
460    Coastal 2024   Aug Above >14          Bed nets   330      151
461   Highland 2024   Dec   5 to 14              None   394      156
462    Coastal 2022   May   5 to 14      Vaccinations   380      158
463    Coastal 2022   Sep  Below <5   Indoor spraying   344      160
464   Highland 2023   Nov  Below <5      Vaccinations   398      161
465   Highland 2024   Jul   5 to 14          Bed nets   459      161
466   Highland 2023   Mar Above >14   Indoor spraying   350      163
467 Lake Basin 2022   Jul  Below <5              None   446      165
468 Lake Basin 2023   Nov Above >14          Bed nets   480      165
469    Coastal 2025   Nov Above >14   Indoor spraying   423      165
470   Seasonal 2022   Jun   5 to 14          Bed nets   390      166
471   Highland 2023   Mar   5 to 14          Bed nets   473      167
472 Lake Basin 2022   Apr Above >14              None   353      168
473 Lake Basin 2023   Mar   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   426      169
474   Highland 2023   Oct  Below <5              None   399      169
475 Lake Basin 2022   Nov Above >14              None   356      171
476    Coastal 2024   Oct  Below <5              None   424      172
477   Seasonal 2024   Jun   5 to 14              None   449      174
478    Coastal 2023   Oct  Below <5      Vaccinations   359      177
479   Seasonal 2024   Jan   5 to 14              None   441      177
480 Lake Basin 2024   Jun Above >14              None   378      177
481    Coastal 2022   Dec Above >14          Bed nets   406      178
482 Lake Basin 2024   Oct   5 to 14              None   498      181
483   Highland 2023   Jun   5 to 14          Bed nets   468      182
484 Lake Basin 2023   Feb Above >14      Vaccinations   394      184
485    Coastal 2022   May  Below <5   Indoor spraying   448      187
486   Highland 2022   Sep  Below <5   Indoor spraying   480      187
487 Lake Basin 2024   Jan  Below <5              None   447      191
488    Coastal 2025   Feb   5 to 14      Vaccinations   464      191
489 Lake Basin 2024   Apr  Below <5              None   389      192
490 Lake Basin 2025   Jan Above >14              None   465      194
491   Highland 2022   Dec   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   452      197
492   Seasonal 2024   Dec Above >14          Bed nets   426      197
493   Highland 2023   May Above >14          Bed nets   474      201
494   Highland 2024   Aug Above >14          Bed nets   407      202
495    Coastal 2023   Mar  Below <5   Indoor spraying   453      203
496    Coastal 2023   Oct   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   419      205
497 Lake Basin 2025   Aug  Below <5          Bed nets   460      212
498 Lake Basin 2025   Feb   5 to 14              None   480      213
499   Seasonal 2023   Mar   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   448      220
500 Lake Basin 2024   Sep  Below <5      Vaccinations   469      226
    Incidence_Rate  Latitude Longitude time
1            0.029  1.303416  38.19638    9
2            0.010  1.291536  38.01872   10
3            0.017  1.797145  38.07004    2
4            0.012  1.900882  38.11352    3
5            0.011  1.460077  37.96927    5
6            0.011  1.428987  38.30590   11
7            0.020  1.101001  37.88310   12
8            0.012  1.586083  37.50900    4
9            0.024  1.353350  37.60047    7
10           0.047  1.577578  38.13709    8
11           0.018  1.843713  38.35049    7
12           0.018  1.986003  37.55677   11
13           0.027  1.172087  37.82122   12
14           0.011  1.430983  38.31161    6
15           0.015  1.585216  37.93131    9
16           0.029  1.327488  38.10034    3
17           0.020  1.341177  38.30915    5
18           0.011  1.335961  37.79203    6
19           0.012  1.424613  37.51156   11
20           0.023  1.969531  37.68740    6
21           0.032  1.458297  37.96663    9
22           0.025  1.284939  38.15050    3
23           0.015  1.420194  38.23574    1
24           0.030  1.767791  38.05024    2
25           0.010  1.020795  38.24182    7
26           0.013  1.794455  37.86430    7
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438          0.426  0.500206  36.31593   10
439          0.331  0.784125  36.59381    2
440          0.415  0.658540  36.10305    9
441          0.297  0.713689  36.16168    6
442          0.478 -3.859000  39.98859    3
443          0.280  0.060492  34.52231    9
444          0.377  0.336850  36.16813    8
445          0.403 -4.172818  40.13615    1
446          0.494  0.671808  36.17935    6
447          0.487  0.590831  36.07799    7
448          0.421  0.510726  36.07699    4
449          0.293  0.781537  35.84421    7
450          0.316 -0.005672  34.81198    3
451          0.292 -4.162723  39.95760   11
452          0.377 -3.532964  40.25169   11
453          0.340  0.546431  35.67935    9
454          0.491  0.563683  35.93661    5
455          0.304 -0.337027  34.41793    5
456          0.447 -3.799268  39.84271    2
457          0.333 -0.287559  34.23838    8
458          0.354  0.494300  34.70280    5
459          0.471 -0.469218  34.11691   12
460          0.458 -4.084104  39.52097   12
461          0.396  0.762215  35.96580    5
462          0.416 -3.858256  40.21352    2
463          0.465 -3.838099  40.44795    3
464          0.405  0.471585  35.83791   10
465          0.351  0.321385  36.09142   12
466          0.465  0.381772  36.24803    1
467          0.370  0.391738  34.89671    2
468          0.345 -0.042386  34.18238   12
469          0.389 -3.808570  40.02625    1
470          0.426  0.268705  36.28426    7
471          0.353  0.789038  35.52175    5
472          0.475  0.227427  34.66474   11
473          0.397  0.044195  34.15574    9
474          0.425  0.391729  35.97112    6
475          0.481 -0.327694  34.81453    7
476          0.406 -3.145388  39.56046    7
477          0.387  0.244457  36.12946    1
478          0.492 -3.934235  39.61261    2
479          0.401  0.678276  36.91626    8
480          0.467 -0.293623  34.67939   10
481          0.438 -4.059154  40.29327    4
482          0.363  0.094783  34.33447    4
483          0.389  0.355358  35.87946    7
484          0.468  0.122768  34.44896   10
485          0.417 -4.308071  39.51716    7
486          0.390  0.325091  35.91531   11
487          0.428  0.460195  34.82175    2
488          0.411 -4.161097  39.75593   12
489          0.494 -0.166824  34.35579    7
490          0.418 -0.269245  34.87920    9
491          0.436  0.512701  35.81701   10
492          0.461  0.805383  36.74076   11
493          0.425  0.665827  35.78382    9
494          0.497  0.416891  36.18562    5
495          0.448 -3.618860  39.98176    8
496          0.488 -4.475026  39.99158    5
497          0.460  0.332561  34.77379    8
498          0.443  0.424302  34.29796    3
499          0.491  0.923572  36.10028    2
500          0.482  0.185300  34.58650   11

4.8.5 summarize(): Collapse values to summary statistics

SMdata |>
  aggregate(Positive~ Region + Age + Intervention_Type, mean)

       Region       Age Intervention_Type    Positive
1     Coastal   5 to 14          Bed nets  60.2500000
2    Highland   5 to 14          Bed nets  80.3636364
3  Lake Basin   5 to 14          Bed nets  17.6666667
4    Low Risk   5 to 14          Bed nets   0.8571429
5    Seasonal   5 to 14          Bed nets  52.4000000
6     Coastal Above >14          Bed nets  62.4705882
7    Highland Above >14          Bed nets 107.1250000
8  Lake Basin Above >14          Bed nets  58.1250000
9    Low Risk Above >14          Bed nets   0.8571429
10   Seasonal Above >14          Bed nets  80.8571429
11    Coastal  Below <5          Bed nets  31.8000000
12   Highland  Below <5          Bed nets  74.6363636
13 Lake Basin  Below <5          Bed nets  76.1538462
14   Low Risk  Below <5          Bed nets   1.0000000
15   Seasonal  Below <5          Bed nets  71.7500000
16    Coastal   5 to 14   Indoor spraying  58.5000000
17   Highland   5 to 14   Indoor spraying 100.8000000
18 Lake Basin   5 to 14   Indoor spraying  80.5454545
19   Low Risk   5 to 14   Indoor spraying   0.8333333
20   Seasonal   5 to 14   Indoor spraying  78.0000000
21    Coastal Above >14   Indoor spraying  67.0000000
22   Highland Above >14   Indoor spraying  74.4000000
23 Lake Basin Above >14   Indoor spraying  53.0000000
24   Low Risk Above >14   Indoor spraying   0.6666667
25   Seasonal Above >14   Indoor spraying  66.3750000
26    Coastal  Below <5   Indoor spraying 104.7777778
27   Highland  Below <5   Indoor spraying  87.5000000
28 Lake Basin  Below <5   Indoor spraying  88.0000000
29   Low Risk  Below <5   Indoor spraying   1.1818182
30   Seasonal  Below <5   Indoor spraying  61.4000000
31    Coastal   5 to 14              None  51.9090909
32   Highland   5 to 14              None  60.3333333
33 Lake Basin   5 to 14              None  76.6000000
34   Low Risk   5 to 14              None   0.7142857
35   Seasonal   5 to 14              None 111.6250000
36    Coastal Above >14              None  68.2000000
37   Highland Above >14              None  73.0000000
38 Lake Basin Above >14              None 134.6250000
39   Low Risk Above >14              None   0.8333333
40   Seasonal Above >14              None  80.6250000
41    Coastal  Below <5              None  89.7142857
42   Highland  Below <5              None  62.0909091
43 Lake Basin  Below <5              None 114.0000000
44   Low Risk  Below <5              None   0.8750000
45   Seasonal  Below <5              None  40.2000000
46    Coastal   5 to 14      Vaccinations  91.7777778
47   Highland   5 to 14      Vaccinations  35.6666667
48 Lake Basin   5 to 14      Vaccinations  93.7000000
49   Low Risk   5 to 14      Vaccinations   0.6666667
50   Seasonal   5 to 14      Vaccinations  59.5555556
51    Coastal Above >14      Vaccinations  73.4444444
52   Highland Above >14      Vaccinations  48.4285714
53 Lake Basin Above >14      Vaccinations  76.1428571
54   Low Risk Above >14      Vaccinations   1.0000000
55   Seasonal Above >14      Vaccinations  59.6000000
56    Coastal  Below <5      Vaccinations  79.6363636
57   Highland  Below <5      Vaccinations  94.0000000
58 Lake Basin  Below <5      Vaccinations  87.5000000
59   Low Risk  Below <5      Vaccinations   0.3333333
60   Seasonal  Below <5      Vaccinations  77.5000000

4.8.6 Challenge 1: Explore the structure and summary of the Mdata dataset

1. What are the dimensions of the dataset?

2. What are the column names?

3. What are the column types?

4. What are some key variables or relationships that we can explore?

5. Select 3 columns (Gender, Age, Endemic_Zone)

6. Filter the rows by Endemic_Zone(lake Basin)

5.1.1 1. Univariate Data Visualizations (Single Variable)

✔️ Histogram: Used for understanding the distribution of a single variable.

✔️ Box Plot: Used for Detecting outliers and understanding the spread of data.

5.1.2 2. Bivariate Data Visualizations (Two Variables)

✔️ Scatter Plot: Used for understanding relationships between two numerical variables.

✔️ Line Plot: Used for showing trends over time or continuous data.

✔️ Bar Chart: Used for comparing categorical data.

5.1.3 3. Multivariate Data Visualizations (More than Two Variables)

✔️ Heatmap: Used for visualizing correlations between multiple numerical variables.

✔️ Pair Plot: Used for visualizing pairwise relationships in the dataset.

✔️ Violin Plot: Used for understanding the distribution of a variable across categories.

5.1.4 4. Specialized Data Visualizations

✔️ Pie Chart: Used for representing proportions.

✔️ Bubble Chart: Used for adding a third variable to a scatter plot(Comparing three numerical variables)

✔️ Word Cloud: used to highlight keywords, trends, or themes in textual data (Text Analysis : Highlighting key terms in articles, reviews, or social media posts)

5.1.5 5. Time Series Visualizations

✔️ Time Series Line plot: Used to analyze trends, patterns, or changes in data over a continuous period (e.g., days, months, years).

✔️ Autocorrelation Plot: Used for finding patterns in time series data.

5.3.1 What is ggplot2?

* A powerful plotting system for R, based on the Grammar of Graphics .

* Developed by Hadley Wickham .

* Allows building complex, publication-quality graphics in layers.

* ggplot2 is the gold standard when it comes to data visualization. Here's why:

  ✔️ Consistent, intuitive syntax that makes it easy to learn and use across various plot types.

  ✔️ Seamless integration with other tidyverse packages, enabling smooth data workflows.
  
  ✔️ Supports faceting, grouping, and mapping aesthetic.
  
  ✔️ Produces professional-quality visuals.

  ✔️ Efficient handling of large data sets, ensuring smooth and responsive plotting even with complex data.

  ✔️ Over 100 extensions that enhance its core capabilities, providing endless options for creative visualizations.

  ✔️ Trusted by more than 1,000 packages, ensuring reliability and broad support.
  

Remarks:

It breaks down the process of data visualization into layers, making it easier to customize & understand how to build effective charts. Layers are added using the ‘+’ operator.

5.3.2 Essential layers used to create a plot:

1️ Data: The foundation, where you start by defining the data set.

2️ Aesthetics: Map variables to visual aspects like color, size, and position.

3️⃣ Geometries: Specify the type of plot you want, such as bar, line, or scatter.

4️⃣ Facets: Create subplots for different subsets of your data.

5️⃣ Statistics: Add statistical transformations, like mean lines or trend lines.

6️⃣ Coordinates: Control the plot’s coordinate system, such as flipping axes.

7️⃣ Theme: Adjust the overall appearance, like grid lines, font styles, and background.

5.3.3 The data

All ggplot2 plots require a data frame as input.

Just running this line will produce a blank plot because we have not stated which elements from the data we want to visualize or how we want to visualize them.

# Initialize a ggplot object with data

ggplot(data = SMdata)            # data: This will show an empty plot as no geom is added yet

SMdata |> ggplot()            # data: This will show an empty plot as no geom is added yet

5.3.4 The aesthetics

Next, we need to specify the visual properties of the plot that are determined by the data.

The aesthetics are specified using the aes() function.

The output should now produce a blank plot but with determined visual properties (e.g., axes labels).

SMdata |>                                      # data
  ggplot(aes(x = Total, y = Positive))         # aesthetics

5.3.5 The geometries

Finally, we need to specify the visual representation of the data. The geometries are specified using the geom_*() function.

There are many different types of geometries that can be used in ggplot2.

We will use geom_point() in this example and we will append it to the previous plot using the + operator.

The output should now produce a plot with the specified visual representation of the data.

use geom_point()

SMdata |>                                       # data
       ggplot(aes(x = Total, y = Positive)) +   # aesthetics
  geom_point()                                  # geometry

# change the color of point to my choice

SMdata |>                                           # data
       ggplot(aes(x = Total, y = Positive)) +       # aesthetics
  geom_point(color = "Tomato")                      # geometry (change the color of point to my choice)

#color point in the plot by Region
SMdata |>                                                            # data
       ggplot(aes(x = Total, y = Positive, colour = Region)) +       # aesthetics(color point in the plot by Region)
  geom_point()                                                       # geometry 

# change the point size in the plot
SMdata |>                                                       # data
       ggplot(aes(x = Total, y = Positive, color = Region)) +   # aesthetics(color point in the plot by Region)
  geom_point(size = 4)                                          # geometry (change the point size in the plot )

5.8.1 Labels: Adding Titles and Labels

Clear titles and labels are essential for making your plots understandable.

Labels can be added to various components of a plot using the labs() function.

ggplot(data = SMdata, aes(x = Total, y = Positive)) +
  geom_point(color = "tomato") +
  labs(x = "Total",
       y = "Positive cases",
       title =  "Number of positive cases by Total",
       caption = "Source: CDAM Experts, 2025") +
       theme_classic()

# Align the title to the center

ggplot(data = SMdata, aes(x = Total, y = Positive)) +
  geom_point(color = "tomato") +
  labs(x = "Total",
       y = "Positive cases",
       title =  "Number of positive cases by Total",
       caption = "Source: CDAM Experts, 2025") +
       theme_classic() +
  theme(plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5)) # Align the title to the center

5.8.2 Themes

The “theme” function is used to specify the theme of the plot.

There are many preset theme functions, and further custom themes can be created using the generic theme() function.

There are many different themes that can be used in ggplot2.

5.8.3 Typically you will want to set the theme at the end of your plot.

SMdata |> ggplot(aes(x = Total, y = Positive)) +
  geom_point(color = "tomato") +
  theme_classic()

SMdata |> ggplot(aes(x = Incidence_Rate, fill = Region)) +
  geom_histogram(color = "red") +
  theme_classic()

# change the position of the legend to Top/Bottom
SMdata |> ggplot(aes(x = Incidence_Rate, fill = Region)) +
  geom_histogram(color = "red") +
  theme_classic() +
   theme(legend.position = "top")

5.8.4 Custom color palettes

There are many different color palettes that can be used in ggplot2.

The “scale_color” function is used to specify the color of the plot.

There are many preset color palettes, and further custom color palettes can be created using the generic scale_color() function.

# Custom color palettes

ggplot(data = SMdata, aes(x= Region, y = Incidence_Rate, fill = Age)) +
  geom_boxplot() +
  scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Set1") +
  theme_bw()

Remarks: The examples above show how to use colors for categorical variables, but we can also use custom color palettes for continuous variables.

SMdata |> ggplot(aes(x = Total, y = Positive, color= Incidence_Rate)) +
  geom_point(color = "tomato") +
  labs(x = "Total",
       y = "Positive cases",
       title =  "Number of positive cases by Total",
       caption = "Source: CDAM 2025") +
       theme_classic() +
  theme(plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5)) # Align the title to the center

ggplot(data = SMdata, aes(x = Total, y = Positive, color= Incidence_Rate)) +
  geom_point(color = "tomato") +
  geom_smooth(method = "lm") +
  labs(x = "Total",
       y = "Positive cases",
       title =  "Number of positive cases by Total",
       caption = "Source: CDAM 2025") +
       theme_classic() +
  scale_color_gradient(low ="blue", high ="red") +
  theme(plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5)) # Align the title to the center

5.8.5 Faceting: Creating Small Multiples

Facets are a powerful feature of ggplot2 that allow us to create multiple plots based on a single variable.

This “small multiple” approach making it easy to compare distributions or relationships across groups.

Facets also make use of the ~ operator.

SMdata |> ggplot(aes(x = Total, y = Positive, color= Incidence_Rate)) +
  geom_point() +
  facet_wrap(~ Intervention_Type)+ 
  scale_color_gradient(low ="blue", high ="red") +
  labs(x = "Total",
       y = "Positive cases",
       title =  "Number of Malaria case by Total cases") +
  theme_classic()

# Create multiple bar plots using facet_wrap()
SMdata |> ggplot(aes(x = Age, y = Positive, fill = Age)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity") +
  facet_wrap(~ Year) +
  labs(title="Multiple Bar Plot by year",
       x="Age Group",
       y="Malaria Positive Cases Reported",
       caption = "Source: Malaria data") +
  theme_classic() +
  theme(plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5)) # Align the title to the center

SMdata |> ggplot(aes(x = Region, y = Incidence_Rate, fill = Region)) +
  geom_boxplot() +
  facet_wrap(~ Intervention_Type) +
  coord_flip() +  # flips the x and y axes
  scale_fill_manual(values = c("#C6E0FF", "#136F63", "#E0CA3C", "#F34213", "#3E2F5B")) +
  labs(title = "Malaria incidence rate by Region and Intervention type",
       x = "Region",
       y = "Incidence rate",
       fill = "Intervention type") +
theme_classic() +
 theme(plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5)) # Align the title to the center

SMdata |> ggplot(aes(x= Intervention_Type, y = Total, fill = Region)) +
  geom_boxplot() +
  labs(x = "Intervention type",
       y = "Total cases",
       title =  "Number of Malaria case by Intervention type") +
   theme_light() +
  theme(legend.position = "bottom") +
  theme(plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5)) # Align the title to the center

5.12.1 Advanced Topics

✅ Interactive Visualizations: Use tools like Plotly and Dash to enable user interaction.

✅ High-Dimensional Data Visualization: Use PCA, t-SNE, and UMAP for dimensionality reduction.

✅ Time Series Visualization: Apply line plots, heatmaps, and rolling averages for trends.

✅ Network Graph Visualization: Use NetworkX and Gephi for social and supply chain analysis.

✅ Big Data Visualization: Handle large datasets with Dask, Vaex, and Apache Superset.

5.13.1 adds dynamic animations to your visualizations

library(plotly)  # create interactive visualizations 

# color point in the plot by Region
plot_3 = SMdata |> ggplot( aes(x = Total, y = Positive, color = Region)) +
  geom_point(size=4) +
  labs(title="Malaria Positive Cases vs Total by Region",
       subtitle="Time: {frame_time}",   # Display time as subtitle
       x= "Total Cases",
       y= "Number of Positive Cases",
       caption = " Source: CDAM Experts, 2025") +
  theme_bw() +
   theme(plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5)) # Align the title to the center

# Add animation with gganimate
animated_plot <- plot_3 +
  transition_time (Year) +  # Animate over 'time' variable
  ease_aes('linear')       # Smooth linear transitions

#animated_plot

# Load required libraries
library(ggplot2)   # for creating static data visualizations
library(gganimate) # for creating animated visualizations
library(gifski)    # provides a high-quality GIF encoder

plot3 = SMdata |> ggplot(aes(x = Incidence_Rate, fill = Region)) +
  geom_histogram(color = "red") +
  labs(title ="Distribution of Malaria Cases per Incidence Rate by Region",
       subtitle="Time: {frame_time}",  # Display time as subtitle
       y = "Number of Malaria cases",
       x = " Incidence Rate",
       caption = "Source: CDAM Experts, 2025") +
  theme_classic() +
   theme(legend.position = "bottom") +
    theme(plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5)) # Align the title to the center

# Add animation with gganimate
animated_plot <- plot3 +
  transition_time (Year) +  # Animate over 'time' variable
  ease_aes('linear')       # Smooth linear transitions

# Save or display animation
#anim_save("Plot_3.gif", animation = animated_plot) # Save as GIF

#animated_plot

5.24.1 Step I: Install and Load Required Libraries

# install packages
# install.packages(c("sf", "ggplot2", "tmap", "dplyr", "rnaturalearth", "rnaturalearthdata"))

# Load libraries
library(sf)            # For spatial data handling
library(ggplot2)       # For visualization
library(tmap)          # For interactive mapping
library(dplyr)         # For data manipulation
library(rnaturalearth) # Kenya map
library(rnaturalearthdata)

5.24.2 Step II: Load Kenya Map

We use the rnaturalearth package to get Kenya’s boundary map.(Loaded using rnaturalearth)

# Load Kenya shapefile from rnaturalearth
kenya_map <- ne_countries(scale = "medium", country = "Kenya", returnclass = "sf")

# Plot the base Kenya map
ggplot() +
  geom_sf(data = kenya_map, fill = "lightblue", color = "black") +
  ggtitle("Spatial Mapping of Testing centers in Kenya") +
  theme_minimal()

5.24.3 Step III: Malaria Endemic Zone Data

attach(SMdata)

# Convert to sf object (spatial data frame)
malaria_sf <- st_as_sf(SMdata, coords = c("Longitude", "Latitude"), crs = 4326) 
# "crs"= Assigns the Coordinate Reference System for global latitude and longitude

5.24.4 Step IV: Static Map with ggplot2

# Plot endemic zones on Kenya map
ggplot() +
  geom_sf(data = kenya_map, fill = "lightblue", color = "black") +  # Kenya map
  geom_sf(data = malaria_sf, aes(color = Region), size = 2) + # Malaria points
  scale_color_manual(values = c("blue", "yellow", "red", "purple", "green")) + # Custom colors for zones
  ggtitle("Geospatial Mapping of Testing centers in Kenya") +
  theme_minimal()

5.24.5 Step V: Interactive Map Using tmap

For an interactive map, we use tmap.

tmap_mode("view")  # Switch to interactive mode

tm_shape(kenya_map) +
  tm_borders() +
  tm_shape(malaria_sf) +
  tm_dots(col = "Region", size = 0.5, palette = c("blue", "yellow", "red", "purple","green"), border.col = "black") +
  tm_layout(title = "Geospatial Mapping of Testing centers in Kenya")

5.24.6 Comments

This approach is useful for spatial malaria analysis, identifying hotspots and guilding interventions.