Introduction

Basic Survey Assessments

The mean duration by respondent is: 15.65

The data collection was implemented during: 2025-05-01 12:13:23.265 and 2025-05-02 09:40:29.231

Descriptives

Individual

Survey Progress Summary
variable value
mean_age 22.36
mean_firmexperience 5.89
mean_workexperience 10.42
mean_experience_environ 3.66
percent_women 49.49

Firm general

For type of industry and firm operations’ region graphs, respondents can mark more than one option

Firm characteristics
variable value
mean_employees 6,376
mean_profit 30,656,989

Firm motivations

Respondants reporting firm has pursued Strategies to address carbon emissions: 77.27 (%)

Respondents could select more than one motivation.On average, people reported 3.4 motivations out of 10 options.

Built Categories:

  • Philanthropy / SDG / Responsibility: motivations related to philanthropy, suporting SDGs, sense of responsibility

  • Efficiency / Supply Chain: motivations related to efficiency or bring global and local markets closer

  • Carbon Strategy / Voluntary Carbon Markets: motivations related to Carbon management strategy or Corporate voluntary mitigation commitment

  • Reputation / Market: motivations related to reputation or brand image or market differentiation.

Correlation Matrix with Significance Stars
Philantropy, SDGs, responsability Efficiency and Supply chain Carbon management Reputation and market differentiation
Philantropy, SDGs, responsability
Efficiency and Supply chain 0.40***
Carbon management 0.58*** 0.35***
Reputation and market differentiation 0.40*** 0.33*** 0.32***
Correlations Between Motivations (columns) and Firm characteristics (with Significance Stars)
Philanthropy/SDGs Efficiency Carbon Strategy Reputation and market differentiation
Offsets (Y/N) 0.19*** 0.25*** 0.41*** 0.20***
Experienced backlash (Y/N) 0.07** 0.22*** 0.09*** 0.20***
Net Zero strategy (Y/N) 0.31*** 0.30*** 0.49*** 0.19***
Environ monitoring by external orgs (Y/N) 0.23*** 0.33*** 0.33*** 0.22***



Balance tables

Block

Treatment Distribution
treatment n proportion
0 49 0.4949495
1 50 0.5050505
Block Distribution
block n proportion
1 34 0.3434343
2 31 0.3131313
3 34 0.3434343
Block Distribution by Treatment Group
treatment block n proportion
0 1 17 0.35
0 2 16 0.33
0 3 16 0.33
1 1 17 0.34
1 2 15 0.30
1 3 18 0.36

Treatment

Distribution of Negative Publicity Levels by Treatment Group
treatment negpublicity n proportion
0 1 15 0.31
0 2 16 0.33
0 3 17 0.35
1 1 16 0.32
1 2 16 0.32
1 3 18 0.36
Overall Distribution of Negative Publicity Levels
negpublicity n proportion
1 31 0.32
2 32 0.33
3 35 0.36
Group Means and T-Test Results
variable mean_treat1 mean_treat0 diff p_value
gender 1.38 1.65 -0.27 0.009
age 22.66 22.06 0.60 0.824
firmexperience 6.26 5.53 0.72 0.472
workexperience 11.16 9.67 1.49 0.300
experience_environ 3.70 3.61 0.09 0.925
knowledge_environ 2.49 2.18 0.31 0.104
pospublicity 2.24 2.24 0.00 0.975
monitorenv_D 0.68 0.76 -0.08 0.413
strategies_D 0.74 0.81 -0.07 0.435
offsets_D 0.61 0.51 0.10 0.362
offsets_future_1 3.84 4.02 -0.18 0.441
backlashenv_D 0.30 0.35 -0.05 0.611
netzero_D 0.57 0.74 -0.17 0.111
insincere_1 3.62 3.48 0.14 0.567
employees 3769.50 9036.22 -5266.72 0.232
profit 26816666.67 34753333.33 -7936666.67 0.330
N 50.00 49.00 NA NA

Lables:

pospublicity: Select the statement that best describes whether positive publicity could benefit business partnerships, customer loyalty, and sales at the firm: (1) Little (2) Moderate (3) Significant

monitorenv: Are any outside people or organizations monitoring the environmental or sustainability efforts of the company you work at? (1) Yes (2) No

strategies_D: Has the firm you work at pursued any strategies to address its carbon emissions? (1) Yes (0) No

offsets_D: Has the firm you work at purchased carbon offsets previously to address its carbon emissions? (1) Yes (0) No

offsets future: In the future, how likely is that the firm you work at considers purchasing carbon offsets to address its carbon emissions? (1) Extremely Unlikely (2) Unlikely (3) Neutral (4) Likely (5) Extremely likely

backlashenv_D: Has the firm you work at ever faced backlash from clients related to social or environmental issues? (1) Yes (0) No

netzero_D: Does the firm you work at have Net Zero goals? (1) Yes (0) No

insincere_1: I am concerned that my organization’s efforts towards sustainability could appear insincere to the public. (1) Strongly Agree (2) Agree (3) Neither Agree nor Disagree (4) Disagree (5) Strongly Disagree

Attribute

Regression Results
Independent Budget Effective Socbenefit Envbenefit Partner
age -0.002
(0.004) 		-0.001
(0.003) 		0.002
(0.003) 		-0.002
(0.003) 		-0.002
(0.004)
woman 0.039
(0.071) 		0.019
(0.051) 		-0.033
(0.05) 		0.045
(0.05) 		0.024
(0.069)
workexperience 0.005
(0.009) 		0.003
(0.007) 		-0.004
(0.007) 		0.007
(0.006) 		0.006
(0.009)
firmexperience 0
(0.01) 		0
(0.007) 		0
(0.007) 		-0.001
(0.007) 		-0.002
(0.01)
experience_environ 0.003
(0.008) 		0.002
(0.006) 		-0.005
(0.006) 		0.001
(0.005) 		-0.007
(0.008)
knowledge_environ 0.019
(0.041) 		0.01
(0.029) 		-0.022
(0.029) 		0.016
(0.029) 		-0.012
(0.04)
employees 0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0)
strategies 0.026
(0.101) 		0.013
(0.073) 		-0.023
(0.072) 		0.029
(0.071) 		0.012
(0.099)
netzero 0.018
(0.088) 		0.009
(0.064) 		-0.035
(0.063) 		0.001
(0.062) 		-0.068
(0.087)
offsets 0.098
(0.079) 		0.049
(0.057) 		-0.093.
(0.056) 		0.103.
(0.055) 		0.019
(0.077)
N 1296 1296 1296 1296 1296

Experiment analysis

Main regressions

Choice Regressions
Attribute
Budget -0.025*
(0.012) 		-0.024
(0.018) 		-0.026*
(0.012) 		-0.025
(0.018)
Effective 0.164***
(0.014) 		0.164***
(0.016) 		0.149***
(0.033) 		0.149***
(0.04)
Socbenefit 0.098***
(0.014) 		0.093***
(0.022) 		0.101***
(0.014) 		0.096***
(0.022)
Envbenefit 0.112***
(0.014) 		0.116***
(0.016) 		0.112***
(0.014) 		0.116***
(0.017)
Partner 0.009
(0.012) 		0.01
(0.018) 		0.009
(0.012) 		0.01
(0.019)
negpublicity NA NA -0.005
(0.016) 		NA
Effective:negpublicity NA NA 0.007
(0.015) 		0.007
(0.019)
N (Observations) 1782
(FE: No) 		1782
(FE: Yes) 		1764
(FE: No) 		1764
(FE: Yes)

Heterogeneous effects

Choice Regressions by Gender
Attribute
Budget 0.001
(0.027) 		-0.054*
(0.025)
Effective 0.147***
(0.021) 		0.183***
(0.023)
Socbenefit 0.091**
(0.032) 		0.094**
(0.03)
Envbenefit 0.134***
(0.026) 		0.101***
(0.02)
Partner 0.015
(0.028) 		0.006
(0.025)
N (Observations) 882
(Women) 		882
(Men)
Choice Regressions by Net-Zero Commitment
Attribute
Budget -0.012
(0.025) 		-0.063*
(0.029)
Effective 0.152***
(0.02) 		0.189***
(0.033)
Socbenefit 0.093**
(0.032) 		0.099*
(0.038)
Envbenefit 0.141***
(0.023) 		0.088**
(0.026)
Partner 0.014
(0.025) 		-0.008
(0.033)
N (Observations) 990
(Net Zero: Yes) 		522
(Net Zero: No)
Choice Regressions by Prior Offset Use
Attribute
Budget -0.025
(0.028) 		-0.026
(0.029)
Effective 0.146***
(0.02) 		0.192***
(0.031)
Socbenefit 0.082*
(0.031) 		0.095*
(0.039)
Envbenefit 0.135***
(0.029) 		0.106***
(0.023)
Partner 0.04
(0.029) 		-0.011
(0.028)
N (Observations) 846
(Offsets: Yes) 		648
(Offsets: No)

Treatment effects

Choice Regressions by Treatment Group
Attribute (treated = 1) (treated = 0) Interaction (treated = 1) Interaction (treated = 0)
Budget -0.068**
(0.023) 		0.02
(0.027) 		-0.068**
(0.023) 		0.018
(0.028)
Effective 0.196***
(0.017) 		0.132***
(0.026) 		0.153***
(0.034) 		0.148.
(0.074)
Socbenefit 0.136***
(0.028) 		0.048
(0.032) 		0.136***
(0.028) 		0.053
(0.032)
Envbenefit 0.113***
(0.02) 		0.118***
(0.026) 		0.113***
(0.021) 		0.119***
(0.027)
Partner 0.047.
(0.027) 		-0.028
(0.024) 		0.047.
(0.028) 		-0.028
(0.024)
Effective:negpublicity NA NA 0.022
(0.015) 		-0.01
(0.035)
N (Observations) 900
(FE only) 		882
(FE only) 		900
(FE + Interaction) 		864
(FE + Interaction)