Reading Fluency Analysis
Blinded for Review
Load Libraries
#install.packages("Superpower")
#install.packages(c("rstatix", "flextable", "officer", "dplyr", "ggpubr"))
library(rstatix)
library(flextable)
library(officer)
library(dplyr)
library(readxl)
library(here)
library(tidyr)
library(ggplot2)
library(lme4)
library(performance)
library(rstatix)
library(effectsize)
library(ggpubr)
library(car)
library(emmeans)
library(ggeffects)
library(effectsize)
library(ggdist)
library(pwr)
library(psych)
library("Superpower")
library(simr)
library(apaTables)
library(gt)
library(lme4)
library(parameters)#power analyses
power_oneway_ancova(
mu = c(40,45),
n_cov = 3,
sd = 10,
r2 = .55,
alpha_level = .05,
n = c(30,28),
round_up = TRUE,
type = "approx")##
## Power Calculation for 1-way ANCOVA
##
## dfs = 1, 53
## N = 58
## n = 30, 28
## n_cov = 3
## mu = 40, 45
## sd = 10
## r2 = 0.55
## alpha_level = 0.05
## beta_level = 0.2047305
## power = 79.52695
## type = approx# Run function
res1 = ANCOVA_analytic(
design = "2b*3b",
mu = c(40, 45, 50,
40, 50, 60),
n_cov = 3,
sd = 10,
alpha_level = .05,
n = 17,
beta_level = .2,
round_up = TRUE)
# Print main results
res1## Power Analysis Results for ANCOVA
## Total N Covariates r2 Alpha Level Beta Level Power
## a 102 3 0.2299 0.05 0.200000 80.00
## b 102 3 0.0010 0.05 0.000319 99.97
## a:b 102 3 0.5865 0.05 0.200000 80.00res1$aov_list$a##
## Power Calculation for ANCOVA
##
## dfs = 1, 93
## N = 102
## n = 17, 17, 17, 17, 17, 17
## n_cov = 3
## mu = 40, 45, 50, 40, 50, 60
## sd = 10
## r2 = 0.2298665
## alpha_level = 0.05
## beta_level = 0.2
## power = 80
## type = Exact#Regression power analysis
pwr.f2.test(u = 3, f2 = 0.15, sig.level = 0.05, power = 0.80)##
## Multiple regression power calculation
##
## u = 3
## v = 72.70583
## f2 = 0.15
## sig.level = 0.05
## power = 0.8#Regression power analysis
pwr.f2.test(u = 3, f2 = 0.20, sig.level = 0.05, power = 0.80)##
## Multiple regression power calculation
##
## u = 3
## v = 54.57139
## f2 = 0.2
## sig.level = 0.05
## power = 0.8#Regression power analysis
pwr.f2.test(u = 4, f2 = 0.20, sig.level = 0.05, power = 0.80)##
## Multiple regression power calculation
##
## u = 4
## v = 59.60124
## f2 = 0.2
## sig.level = 0.05
## power = 0.8Import and Prepare Data
#import and clean dataset
sr_df <- data.frame(read_excel(here("~/Documents/GitHub/Reading Intervention Project/Reading Fluency Data Set NEW.xlsx"), sheet="Silent Repeated Readings",col_types = c("text","text","text", "text", "text", "numeric","numeric","numeric","numeric","numeric","numeric","numeric","skip","numeric","numeric","numeric","numeric","numeric","numeric","numeric")))
#sapply(sr_df, class)
print(sr_df$Posttest)## [1] 135 105 132 46 39 79 142 142 98 NA 87 168 130 175 101 109 137 103 122
## [20] 91 79 43 87 88 115 103 108 136 109 81 98 51 31 74 NA 137 158#WPM - Words Per Minute
#Add column for silent reading
sr_df$Group = "Silent_Repeated_Reading"
#view(dfSummary(sr_df))
#Sheet 2
rr_df <- data.frame(read_excel(here("~/Documents/GitHub/Reading Intervention Project/Reading Fluency Data Set NEW.xlsx"), sheet="Repeated Readings", col_types = c("text","text","text", "text", "text", "numeric","numeric","numeric","numeric","numeric","numeric","numeric","skip","numeric","numeric","numeric","numeric","numeric","numeric","numeric")))
#sapply(rr_df, class)
#view(dfSummary(rr_df))
rr_df$Group = "Repeated_Reading"
#Sheet 3
tsv_rr_df <- data.frame(read_excel(here("~/Documents/GitHub/Reading Intervention Project/Reading Fluency Data Set NEW.xlsx"), sheet="Teacher Social Validity RR"))
#sapply(tsv_rr_df , class)
tsv_rr_df$TeacherNumberRR = as.factor(tsv_rr_df$TeacherNumberRR)
#view(dfSummary(tsv_rr_df))
#Split this into two datasets
#Sheet 4
tsv_srr_df <- data.frame(read_excel(here("~/Documents/GitHub/Reading Intervention Project/Reading Fluency Data Set NEW.xlsx"), sheet="Teacher Social Validity SRR"),skip = 1)
#sapply(tsv_srr_df, class)
tsv_srr_df$TeacherNumberSRR = as.factor(tsv_srr_df$TeacherNumberSRR)
#view(dfSummary(tsv_srr_df))
#Split this into two datasets
#Sheet 5
ssv_rr_df <- data.frame(read_excel(here("~/Documents/GitHub/Reading Intervention Project/Reading Fluency Data Set NEW.xlsx"), sheet="Student Social Validity RR"))
#sapply(ssv_rr_df, class)
#view(dfSummary(ssv_rr_df))
#Sheet 6
ssv_sr_df <- data.frame(read_excel(here("~/Documents/GitHub/Reading Intervention Project/Reading Fluency Data Set NEW.xlsx"), sheet="Student Social Validity SRR"),skip = 1)
#sapply(ssv_sr_df, class)
#view(dfSummary(ssv_sr_df))
#merge datasets into MasterDataset
master_df = full_join(rr_df, sr_df)
#view(dfSummary(master_df))
ss_rr_data = master_df %>% select(TeacherID, RandomNumber, StudentNumber, Grade, Group,Tier.III.or.IV, Pretest, Posttest)
#view(dfSummary(ss_rr_data))
ss_rr_data = ss_rr_data %>%
pivot_longer(c(-Grade,-TeacherID, -RandomNumber,-StudentNumber,-Tier.III.or.IV, -Group),
names_to = c("Time"), values_to = "score",
names_pattern = "(Pretest|Posttest)")
#view(dfSummary(ss_rr_data))
combined_data_wide <- ss_rr_data %>%
pivot_wider(
id_cols = c(RandomNumber, StudentNumber, Group, TeacherID, Grade, Tier.III.or.IV),
names_from = Time,
values_from = score,
names_prefix = "score_"
)
#view(dfSummary(combined_data_wide))
clean_data <- combined_data_wide[complete.cases(combined_data_wide$score_Pretest, combined_data_wide$score_Posttest), ]
#view(dfSummary(clean_data))
print(clean_data)## # A tibble: 68 × 8
## RandomNumber StudentNumber Group TeacherID Grade Tier.III.or.IV score_Pretest
## <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <dbl>
## 1 ACD5EC73 1 Repe… 1 6 IV 62
## 2 F07BB044 2 Repe… 1 6 IV 63
## 3 47C10B7A 3 Repe… 1 6 IV 101
## 4 61EB42DD 4 Repe… 1 6 IV 76
## 5 C0CC45A3 5 Repe… 1 6 IV 99
## 6 6B7EEC6D 6 Repe… 2 6 III 9
## 7 628D008E 7 Repe… 2 6 III 19
## 8 6B259314 8 Repe… 4 6 IV 96
## 9 605C1FB8 9 Repe… 4 6 IV 109
## 10 E73D0356 11 Repe… 1 7 IV 51
## # ℹ 58 more rows
## # ℹ 1 more variable: score_Posttest <dbl>table(clean_data$TeacherID, clean_data$Group)##
## Repeated_Reading Silent_Repeated_Reading
## 1 16 0
## 10 0 1
## 11 0 7
## 2 5 0
## 3 7 0
## 4 5 0
## 5 0 5
## 6 0 2
## 7 0 8
## 8 0 10
## 9 0 2Descriptive Statistics
#Overall
clean_data %>% group_by(Group) %>%
summarise(n = n(), mean_Pretest = mean(score_Pretest), sd_Pretest = sd(score_Pretest), mean_Posttest = mean(score_Posttest), sd_Posttest = sd(score_Posttest), .groups = "drop")## # A tibble: 2 × 6
## Group n mean_Pretest sd_Pretest mean_Posttest sd_Posttest
## <chr> <int> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 Repeated_Reading 33 86.2 24.5 126. 22.6
## 2 Silent_Repeated_Readi… 35 83.2 25.4 104. 36.1#Grouped by Grade
clean_data %>% group_by(Group, Grade) %>%
summarise(n = n(), mean_Pretest = mean(score_Pretest), sd_Pretest = sd(score_Pretest), mean_Posttest = mean(score_Posttest), sd_Posttest = sd(score_Posttest), .groups = "drop")## # A tibble: 6 × 7
## Group Grade n mean_Pretest sd_Pretest mean_Posttest sd_Posttest
## <chr> <chr> <int> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 Repeated_Reading 6 9 70.4 36.2 140. 12.5
## 2 Repeated_Reading 7 11 86.5 17.7 112. 24.5
## 3 Repeated_Reading 8 13 96.9 12.4 128. 21.0
## 4 Silent_Repeated… 6 17 85 24.6 113. 37.6
## 5 Silent_Repeated… 7 12 87.2 24.3 96.8 24.3
## 6 Silent_Repeated… 8 6 69.8 29.8 91.5 49.3#Grouped by Tier level
clean_data %>% group_by(Group, Tier.III.or.IV) %>%
summarise(n = n(), mean_Pretest = mean(score_Pretest), sd_Pretest = sd(score_Pretest), mean_Posttest = mean(score_Posttest), sd_Posttest = sd(score_Posttest), .groups = "drop")## # A tibble: 4 × 7
## Group Tier.III.or.IV n mean_Pretest sd_Pretest mean_Posttest sd_Posttest
## <chr> <chr> <int> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 Repeat… III 9 80 37.8 131. 11.3
## 2 Repeat… IV 24 88.5 17.7 124. 25.5
## 3 Silent… III 11 100. 15.4 130. 27.9
## 4 Silent… IV 24 75.4 25.5 92.2 33.6#Grouped by Teacher
clean_data %>% group_by(Group, TeacherID) %>%
summarise(n = n(), mean_Pretest = mean(score_Pretest), sd_Pretest = sd(score_Pretest), mean_Posttest = mean(score_Posttest), sd_Posttest = sd(score_Posttest), .groups = "drop")## # A tibble: 11 × 7
## Group TeacherID n mean_Pretest sd_Pretest mean_Posttest sd_Posttest
## <chr> <chr> <int> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 Repeated_R… 1 16 83.2 18.6 130. 23.7
## 2 Repeated_R… 2 5 62.2 44.5 108. 20.9
## 3 Repeated_R… 3 7 98.9 5.90 132. 12.5
## 4 Repeated_R… 4 5 102. 9.98 121. 27.5
## 5 Silent_Rep… 10 1 107 NA 91 NA
## 6 Silent_Rep… 11 7 92.9 22.0 127. 38.9
## 7 Silent_Rep… 5 5 78.6 33.2 92.4 32.1
## 8 Silent_Rep… 6 2 110 11.3 138. 4.95
## 9 Silent_Rep… 7 8 64.4 29.7 68.6 30.6
## 10 Silent_Rep… 8 10 81.9 14.1 114. 25.4
## 11 Silent_Rep… 9 2 104. 9.19 114 22.6# Count by Teacher, Grade, Tier, and Group
teacher_summary <- clean_data %>%
group_by(TeacherID, Grade, Tier.III.or.IV, Group) %>%
summarise(n = n(), .groups = "drop") %>%
unite("Profile", Grade, Tier.III.or.IV, Group, sep = " | ") %>%
pivot_wider(names_from = Profile, values_from = n, values_fill = 0)
teacher_summary <- teacher_summary %>%
mutate(Total = rowSums(select(., -TeacherID)))
# Install if not already
# install.packages("flextable")
library(flextable)
# Create a nicely formatted flextable
flextable(teacher_summary) %>%
autofit() %>%
set_caption("Teacher-Level Summary of Grade, Tier, and Group Combinations")TeacherID | 6 | IV | Repeated_Reading | 7 | IV | Repeated_Reading | 8 | IV | Repeated_Reading | 7 | IV | Silent_Repeated_Reading | 6 | III | Silent_Repeated_Reading | 7 | III | Silent_Repeated_Reading | 8 | IV | Silent_Repeated_Reading | 6 | III | Repeated_Reading | 7 | III | Repeated_Reading | 8 | III | Repeated_Reading | 6 | IV | Silent_Repeated_Reading | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 |
10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 7 |
4 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 8 |
8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 10 |
9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Distribution Plot
clean_data %>%
group_by(Group) %>%
summarise(
Pretest = paste0(round(mean(score_Pretest, na.rm = TRUE), 1), " (", round(sd(score_Pretest, na.rm = TRUE), 1), ")"),
Posttest = paste0(round(mean(score_Posttest, na.rm = TRUE), 1), " (", round(sd(score_Posttest, na.rm = TRUE), 1), ")")
)## # A tibble: 2 × 3
## Group Pretest Posttest
## <chr> <chr> <chr>
## 1 Repeated_Reading 86.2 (24.5) 125.8 (22.6)
## 2 Silent_Repeated_Reading 83.2 (25.4) 104 (36.1)clean_data_long <- clean_data %>%
pivot_longer(cols = starts_with("score_"),
names_to = "Time",
values_to = "score",
names_prefix = "score_")
print(clean_data_long)## # A tibble: 136 × 8
## RandomNumber StudentNumber Group TeacherID Grade Tier.III.or.IV Time score
## <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <dbl>
## 1 ACD5EC73 1 Repeat… 1 6 IV Pret… 62
## 2 ACD5EC73 1 Repeat… 1 6 IV Post… 122
## 3 F07BB044 2 Repeat… 1 6 IV Pret… 63
## 4 F07BB044 2 Repeat… 1 6 IV Post… 139
## 5 47C10B7A 3 Repeat… 1 6 IV Pret… 101
## 6 47C10B7A 3 Repeat… 1 6 IV Post… 151
## 7 61EB42DD 4 Repeat… 1 6 IV Pret… 76
## 8 61EB42DD 4 Repeat… 1 6 IV Post… 145
## 9 C0CC45A3 5 Repeat… 1 6 IV Pret… 99
## 10 C0CC45A3 5 Repeat… 1 6 IV Post… 150
## # ℹ 126 more rows# Get descriptive statistics by Group and Time
descriptives <- clean_data_long %>%
group_by(Group, Time) %>%
summarise(
n = n(),
M = round(mean(score, na.rm = TRUE), 2),
SD = round(sd(score, na.rm = TRUE), 2),
.groups = "drop"
) %>%
mutate(Descriptives = paste0(M, " (", SD, ")"))
# Optional: Wide format for APA-style table
descriptives_wide <- descriptives %>%
select(Group, Time, Descriptives) %>%
tidyr::pivot_wider(names_from = Time, values_from = Descriptives)
# View or print as APA table (text-based)
print(descriptives_wide, row.names = FALSE)## Warning: `...` must be empty in `format.tbl()`
## Caused by error in `format_tbl()`:
## ! `...` must be empty.
## ✖ Problematic argument:
## • row.names = FALSE## # A tibble: 2 × 3
## Group Posttest Pretest
## <chr> <chr> <chr>
## 1 Repeated_Reading 125.85 (22.58) 86.21 (24.46)
## 2 Silent_Repeated_Reading 103.97 (36.09) 83.17 (25.4)# Frequency table by Group
freq_group <- clean_data %>%
count(Group) %>%
mutate(percent = round(100 * n / sum(n), 1)) %>%
gt() %>%
tab_header(title = "Frequencies by Condition (Group)") %>%
cols_label(n = "Count", percent = "Percent")
# Frequency table by Grade
freq_grade <- clean_data %>%
count(Grade) %>%
mutate(percent = round(100 * n / sum(n), 1)) %>%
gt() %>%
tab_header(title = "Frequencies by Grade Level") %>%
cols_label(n = "Count", percent = "Percent")
# Frequency table by Tier level
freq_tier <- clean_data %>%
count(Tier.III.or.IV) %>%
mutate(percent = round(100 * n / sum(n), 1)) %>%
gt() %>%
tab_header(title = "Frequencies by Tier Level") %>%
cols_label(n = "Count", percent = "Percent")
# Frequency by Time (if applicable)
freq_time <- clean_data_long %>%
count(Time) %>%
mutate(percent = round(100 * n / sum(n), 1)) %>%
gt() %>%
tab_header(title = "Frequencies by Timepoint") %>%
cols_label(n = "Count", percent = "Percent")
# For descriptive stats table
flextable(descriptives_wide) %>%
set_caption("Table 2\nDescriptive Statistics by Group and Time")Group | Posttest | Pretest |
|---|---|---|
Repeated_Reading | 125.85 (22.58) | 86.21 (24.46) |
Silent_Repeated_Reading | 103.97 (36.09) | 83.17 (25.4) |
# Descriptive stats: Mean and SD of scores by Group, Time, and TeacherID
descriptives_teacher <- clean_data_long %>%
group_by(TeacherID, Group, Time) %>%
summarise(
n = n(),
M = round(mean(score, na.rm = TRUE), 2),
SD = round(sd(score, na.rm = TRUE), 2),
.groups = "drop"
) %>%
mutate(Descriptives = paste0(M, " (", SD, ")")) %>%
select(TeacherID, Group, Time, n, Descriptives) %>%
arrange(TeacherID, Group, Time)
freq_grade_teacher <- clean_data %>%
count(TeacherID, Grade) %>%
group_by(TeacherID) %>%
mutate(percent = round(100 * n / sum(n), 1)) %>%
ungroup()
freq_grade_teacher <- clean_data %>%
count(TeacherID, Grade) %>%
group_by(TeacherID) %>%
mutate(percent = round(100 * n / sum(n), 1)) %>%
ungroup()
freq_tier_teacher <- clean_data %>%
count(TeacherID, Tier.III.or.IV) %>%
group_by(TeacherID) %>%
mutate(percent = round(100 * n / sum(n), 1)) %>%
ungroup()
freq_group_teacher <- clean_data %>%
count(TeacherID, Group) %>%
group_by(TeacherID) %>%
mutate(percent = round(100 * n / sum(n), 1)) %>%
ungroup()
freq_group_teacher %>%
gt() %>%
tab_header(title = "Condition Frequencies by Teacher") %>%
cols_label(
TeacherID = "Teacher",
Group = "Condition",
n = "N"
)| Condition Frequencies by Teacher | |||
| Teacher | Condition | N | percent |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Repeated_Reading | 16 | 100 |
| 10 | Silent_Repeated_Reading | 1 | 100 |
| 11 | Silent_Repeated_Reading | 7 | 100 |
| 2 | Repeated_Reading | 5 | 100 |
| 3 | Repeated_Reading | 7 | 100 |
| 4 | Repeated_Reading | 5 | 100 |
| 5 | Silent_Repeated_Reading | 5 | 100 |
| 6 | Silent_Repeated_Reading | 2 | 100 |
| 7 | Silent_Repeated_Reading | 8 | 100 |
| 8 | Silent_Repeated_Reading | 10 | 100 |
| 9 | Silent_Repeated_Reading | 2 | 100 |
# Filter out Pretest_c
clean_data_long_filtered <- clean_data_long %>%
filter(Time %in% c("Pretest", "Posttest"))
# plot
ggplot(clean_data_long_filtered, aes(y = Time, x = score, fill = Group)) +
stat_halfeye(
adjust = 0.5,
width = 0.6,
.width = 0,
point_alpha = 0.3,
position = position_dodge(width = 0.6)
) +
scale_fill_manual(
values = c(
"Silent_Repeated_Reading" = "#1f77b4", # Blue
"Repeated_Reading" = "#d95f02" # Orange
),
labels = c("Silent Repeated Reading", "Repeated Reading Plus")
) +
labs(
x = "Words Per Minute (WPM)",
y = "Time",
fill = "Condition"
) +
theme_minimal(base_size = 12, base_family = "Times New Roman")
# Filter out Pretest_c
clean_data_long_filtered <- clean_data_long %>%
filter(Time %in% c("Pretest", "Posttest"))
# Raincloud plot with jittered data points
ggplot(clean_data_long_filtered, aes(y = Time, x = score, fill = Group)) +
# Density + central tendency
stat_halfeye(
adjust = 0.5,
width = 0.6,
.width = 0,
point_alpha = 0.3,
position = position_dodge(width = 0.6)
) +
# Add jittered rain points
geom_jitter(
aes(color = Group),
position = position_jitterdodge(jitter.width = 0.15, dodge.width = 0.6),
size = 1.5,
alpha = 0.4,
show.legend = FALSE
) +
scale_fill_manual(
values = c(
"Silent_Repeated_Reading" = "#1f77b4", # Blue
"Repeated_Reading" = "#d95f02" # Orange
),
labels = c("Silent Repeated Reading", "Repeated Reading Plus")
) +
scale_color_manual(
values = c(
"Silent_Repeated_Reading" = "#1f77b4",
"Repeated_Reading" = "#d95f02"
)
) +
labs(
x = "Words Per Minute (WPM)",
y = "Time",
fill = "Condition"
) +
theme_minimal(base_size = 12, base_family = "Times New Roman")
ANOVA and Welch’s Test of Pretest and Posttest
anova_result <- clean_data_long %>%
anova_test(dv = score, wid = RandomNumber, within = Time, between = Group)
get_anova_table(anova_result)## ANOVA Table (type III tests)
##
## Effect DFn DFd F p p<.05 ges
## 1 Group 1 66 4.313 4.20e-02 * 0.049
## 2 Time 1 66 97.474 1.26e-14 * 0.234
## 3 Group:Time 1 66 9.469 3.00e-03 * 0.029#Welch's ANOVA at pretest
welch_result <-oneway.test(score ~ Group, data = filter(clean_data_long, Time == "Pretest"))
print(welch_result)##
## One-way analysis of means (not assuming equal variances)
##
## data: score and Group
## F = 0.25286, num df = 1.000, denom df = 65.968, p-value = 0.6167# Calculate omega squared
omega_result <- omega_squared(welch_result)## For one-way between subjects designs, partial omega squared is
## equivalent to omega squared. Returning omega squared.## `var.equal = FALSE` - effect size is an approximation.print(omega_result, digits = 5)## # Effect Size for ANOVA
##
## Omega2 | 95% CI
## ----------------------------
## 0.00000 | [0.00000, 1.00000]
##
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [1.00000].# Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons for posttest
pairwise_result <- pairwise.t.test(
x = filter(clean_data_long, Time == "Pretest")$score,
g = filter(clean_data_long, Time == "Pretest")$Group,
p.adjust.method = "bonferroni"
)
print(pairwise_result)##
## Pairwise comparisons using t tests with pooled SD
##
## data: filter(clean_data_long, Time == "Pretest")$score and filter(clean_data_long, Time == "Pretest")$Group
##
## Repeated_Reading
## Silent_Repeated_Reading 0.62
##
## P value adjustment method: bonferroni# Welch’s ANOVA at posttest
welch_result2 <- oneway.test(score ~ Group, data = filter(clean_data_long, Time == "Posttest"), var.equal = FALSE)
print(welch_result2)##
## One-way analysis of means (not assuming equal variances)
##
## data: score and Group
## F = 9.0874, num df = 1.000, denom df = 57.549, p-value = 0.003824# Effect size
omega_result2 = omega_squared(welch_result2)## For one-way between subjects designs, partial omega squared is
## equivalent to omega squared. Returning omega squared.
## `var.equal = FALSE` - effect size is an approximation.print(omega_result2, digits = 5)## # Effect Size for ANOVA
##
## Omega2 | 95% CI
## ----------------------------
## 0.11957 | [0.01999, 1.00000]
##
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [1.00000].# Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons for posttest
pairwise_result <- pairwise.t.test(
x = filter(clean_data_long, Time == "Posttest")$score,
g = filter(clean_data_long, Time == "Posttest")$Group,
p.adjust.method = "bonferroni"
)
print(pairwise_result)##
## Pairwise comparisons using t tests with pooled SD
##
## data: filter(clean_data_long, Time == "Posttest")$score and filter(clean_data_long, Time == "Posttest")$Group
##
## Repeated_Reading
## Silent_Repeated_Reading 0.0041
##
## P value adjustment method: bonferroni#Descriptive statistics ------------
##Total Group Average WPM -----
summary_table <- clean_data_long %>%
group_by(Group, Time) %>%
summarise(
n = n(),
mean = mean(score, na.rm = TRUE),
sd = sd(score, na.rm = TRUE),
.groups = 'drop'
)
summary_wide <- summary_table %>%
pivot_wider(names_from = Time, values_from = c(mean, sd, n))
summary_wide <- summary_wide %>%
mutate(
mean_diff = mean_Posttest - mean_Pretest,
pooled_sd = sqrt((sd_Pretest^2 + sd_Posttest^2) / 2),
cohens_d = mean_diff / pooled_sd
)
flextable(summary_wide) %>%
save_as_docx(path = "Descriptive_Stats_Table.docx")
##Total Group Average WPM by Grade -----
summary_table_grade <- clean_data_long %>%
group_by(Group, Grade, Time) %>%
summarise(
n = n(),
mean = mean(score, na.rm = TRUE),
sd = sd(score, na.rm = TRUE),
.groups = 'drop'
)
summary_wide_grade <- summary_table_grade %>%
pivot_wider(names_from = Time, values_from = c(mean, sd, n))
summary_wide_grade <- summary_wide_grade %>%
mutate(
mean_diff = mean_Posttest - mean_Pretest,
pooled_sd = sqrt((sd_Pretest^2 + sd_Posttest^2) / 2),
cohens_d = mean_diff / pooled_sd
)
flextable(summary_wide_grade) %>%
save_as_docx(path = "Descriptive_GradeStats_Table.docx")
##Total Group Average WPM by Grade -----
summary_table_tier <- clean_data_long %>%
group_by(Group, Tier.III.or.IV, Time) %>%
summarise(
n = n(),
mean = mean(score, na.rm = TRUE),
sd = sd(score, na.rm = TRUE),
.groups = 'drop'
)
summary_wide_tier <- summary_table_tier %>%
pivot_wider(names_from = Time, values_from = c(mean, sd, n))
summary_wide_tier <- summary_wide_tier %>%
mutate(
mean_diff = mean_Posttest - mean_Pretest,
pooled_sd = sqrt((sd_Pretest^2 + sd_Posttest^2) / 2),
cohens_d = mean_diff / pooled_sd
)
flextable(summary_wide_tier) %>%
save_as_docx(path = "Descriptive_TierStats_Table.docx")##Residual Change Regressions——
#center pretest scores
#grand-mean centering
clean_data <- clean_data %>%
mutate(score_Pretest_c = score_Pretest - mean(score_Pretest, na.rm = TRUE))
clean_data$Group <- factor(clean_data$Group,
levels = c("Silent_Repeated_Reading","Repeated_Reading"))
clean_data$Group = as.factor(clean_data$Group)
clean_data$Grade = as.factor(clean_data$Grade)
clean_data$Tier.III.or.IV = as.factor(clean_data$Tier.III.or.IV)
#Testing a regression
model_ols_null <- lm(score_Posttest ~ Group + score_Pretest_c, data = clean_data)
# summary
summary(model_ols_null)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = score_Posttest ~ Group + score_Pretest_c, data = clean_data)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -45.89 -17.37 2.25 14.66 56.97
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 105.0432 4.1405 25.370 < 2e-16 ***
## GroupRepeated_Reading 19.6685 5.9495 3.306 0.00154 **
## score_Pretest_c 0.7263 0.1207 6.016 9.11e-08 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 24.47 on 65 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.4336, Adjusted R-squared: 0.4162
## F-statistic: 24.88 on 2 and 65 DF, p-value: 9.475e-09# Compute 95% confidence intervals
confint(model_ols_null)## 2.5 % 97.5 %
## (Intercept) 96.7740186 113.3124125
## GroupRepeated_Reading 7.7865992 31.5504519
## score_Pretest_c 0.4851864 0.9674634#Assumption testing
# Diagnostic plots
par(mfrow = c(2, 2)) # 2x2 grid of plots
plot(model_ols_null)
# Reset plot settings
par(mfrow = c(1, 1))
# Extract residuals
residuals_model <- residuals(model_ols_null)
# Shapiro-Wilk test
shapiro.test(residuals_model)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: residuals_model
## W = 0.98406, p-value = 0.5369# Check Variance Inflation Factor
vif(model_ols_null)## Group score_Pretest_c
## 1.003823 1.003823# Cook's Distance
cooksd <- cooks.distance(model_ols_null)
# Plot Cook's D
plot(cooksd, type = "h", main = "Cook's Distance", ylab = "Cook's D")
abline(h = 4/(nrow(clean_data) - length(coef(model_ols_null))), col = "red")
# Identify potential influential points
which(cooksd > 4/(nrow(clean_data) - length(coef(model_ols_null))))## 6 7 46 65
## 6 7 46 65#4 outliers identified, however all were plausible. model_ols_interaction <- lm(score_Posttest ~ Group * score_Pretest_c, data = clean_data)
# View summary
summary(model_ols_interaction)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = score_Posttest ~ Group * score_Pretest_c, data = clean_data)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -56.571 -12.423 0.661 15.652 38.798
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 105.7589 3.5326 29.938 < 2e-16 ***
## GroupRepeated_Reading 19.8226 5.0720 3.908 0.000227 ***
## score_Pretest_c 1.2113 0.1409 8.600 2.84e-12 ***
## GroupRepeated_Reading:score_Pretest_c -1.0408 0.2063 -5.044 4.01e-06 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 20.86 on 64 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.5947, Adjusted R-squared: 0.5757
## F-statistic: 31.3 on 3 and 64 DF, p-value: 1.413e-12# Compute 95% confidence intervals
confint(model_ols_interaction)## 2.5 % 97.5 %
## (Intercept) 98.7017304 112.8161120
## GroupRepeated_Reading 9.6901706 29.9549842
## score_Pretest_c 0.9299416 1.4927421
## GroupRepeated_Reading:score_Pretest_c -1.4529612 -0.6285397Regression Interaction Plot
preds <- ggpredict(model_ols_interaction, terms = c("score_Pretest_c [all]", "Group"))
ggplot(preds, aes(x = x + mean(clean_data$score_Pretest, na.rm = TRUE),
y = predicted,
color = group, # line color
fill = group)) + # ribbon fill
geom_line(size = 1) +
geom_ribbon(aes(ymin = conf.low, ymax = conf.high), alpha = 0.2, color = NA) +
labs(x = "Pretest Score", y = "Posttest Score",
fill = "Intervention Condition",
color = "Intervention Condition") +
scale_color_manual(
values = c("Silent_Repeated_Reading" = "#0000FF",
"Repeated_Reading" = "#d95f02"),
labels = c("Silent Repeated Reading", "Repeated Reading Plus")
) +
scale_fill_manual(
values = c("Silent_Repeated_Reading" = "#0000FF",
"Repeated_Reading" = "#d95f02"),
labels = c("Silent Repeated Reading", "Repeated Reading Plus")
) +
theme_minimal(base_size = 12, base_family = "Times New Roman")## Warning: Using `size` aesthetic for lines was deprecated in ggplot2 3.4.0.
## ℹ Please use `linewidth` instead.
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.
model_ols_grade <- lm(score_Posttest ~ Group + score_Pretest_c + Grade, data = clean_data)
# View summary
summary(model_ols_grade)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = score_Posttest ~ Group + score_Pretest_c + Grade,
## data = clean_data)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -44.444 -14.857 0.612 12.542 44.143
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 117.9364 4.6919 25.136 < 2e-16 ***
## GroupRepeated_Reading 23.8808 5.4741 4.362 4.86e-05 ***
## score_Pretest_c 0.7903 0.1082 7.307 5.83e-10 ***
## Grade7 -26.8531 6.2966 -4.265 6.84e-05 ***
## Grade8 -20.9535 6.8606 -3.054 0.00331 **
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 21.7 on 63 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.5683, Adjusted R-squared: 0.5409
## F-statistic: 20.73 on 4 and 63 DF, p-value: 6.102e-11# Compute 95% confidence intervals
confint(model_ols_grade)## 2.5 % 97.5 %
## (Intercept) 108.5603975 127.312328
## GroupRepeated_Reading 12.9416129 34.819905
## score_Pretest_c 0.5741252 1.006395
## Grade7 -39.4357937 -14.270373
## Grade8 -34.6633653 -7.243665model_ols_tier <- lm(score_Posttest ~ Group + score_Pretest_c + Grade + Tier.III.or.IV, data = clean_data)
# View summary
summary(model_ols_tier)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = score_Posttest ~ Group + score_Pretest_c + Grade +
## Tier.III.or.IV, data = clean_data)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -41.293 -16.130 1.695 14.475 48.551
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 123.9896 5.6773 21.840 < 2e-16 ***
## GroupRepeated_Reading 24.1792 5.3781 4.496 3.10e-05 ***
## score_Pretest_c 0.7490 0.1086 6.897 3.24e-09 ***
## Grade7 -23.3862 6.4685 -3.615 0.000603 ***
## Grade8 -19.5263 6.7824 -2.879 0.005469 **
## Tier.III.or.IVIV -11.0068 6.0314 -1.825 0.072835 .
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 21.31 on 62 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.5903, Adjusted R-squared: 0.5572
## F-statistic: 17.86 on 5 and 62 DF, p-value: 6.262e-11confint(model_ols_tier)## 2.5 % 97.5 %
## (Intercept) 112.6409458 135.338291
## GroupRepeated_Reading 13.4285657 34.929856
## score_Pretest_c 0.5318855 0.966041
## Grade7 -36.3165968 -10.455775
## Grade8 -33.0841487 -5.968537
## Tier.III.or.IVIV -23.0634650 1.049915#Interaction of condition and pretest centered
# Fit a model including an interaction
model_interaction <- lm(score_Posttest ~ Group * score_Pretest_c + Grade + Tier.III.or.IV, data = clean_data)
summary(model_interaction)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = score_Posttest ~ Group * score_Pretest_c + Grade +
## Tier.III.or.IV, data = clean_data)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -42.911 -13.089 3.456 12.107 33.063
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 117.5203 5.1374 22.875 < 2e-16 ***
## GroupRepeated_Reading 22.0397 4.7020 4.687 1.60e-05 ***
## score_Pretest_c 1.1989 0.1364 8.791 1.94e-12 ***
## Grade7 -23.1860 5.6275 -4.120 0.000116 ***
## Grade8 -10.9867 6.1887 -1.775 0.080839 .
## Tier.III.or.IVIV -2.8392 5.5426 -0.512 0.610327
## GroupRepeated_Reading:score_Pretest_c -0.9369 0.2048 -4.574 2.40e-05 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 18.54 on 61 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.6949, Adjusted R-squared: 0.6649
## F-statistic: 23.16 on 6 and 61 DF, p-value: 4.782e-14# Compute 95% confidence intervals
confint(model_interaction)## 2.5 % 97.5 %
## (Intercept) 107.247393 127.7932962
## GroupRepeated_Reading 12.637457 31.4418790
## score_Pretest_c 0.926184 1.4716224
## Grade7 -34.438838 -11.9332006
## Grade8 -23.361647 1.3883468
## Tier.III.or.IVIV -13.922213 8.2438710
## GroupRepeated_Reading:score_Pretest_c -1.346458 -0.5273167# Add predicted values to your dataset
# Get only the complete cases used in the model
model_data <- model.frame(model_interaction)
model_data$predicted <- predict(model_interaction)
ggplot(model_data, aes(x = score_Posttest, y = score_Pretest_c, fill = Group)) +
geom_jitter(width = 0.2, height = 0, alpha = 0.6) + # observed points
geom_point(aes(y = predicted), color = "orange", size = 3) + # predicted points
stat_summary(fun = mean, geom = "point", shape = 18, size = 4, color = "blue") +
labs(title = "Observed and Predicted Posttest Scores by Condition",
y = "Posttest Score", x = "Pretest Score", fill = "Condition") +
theme_minimal()
Regression Interaction Plot
# Predict from the interaction model with moderator variables
preds_interaction <- ggpredict(model_interaction,
terms = c("score_Pretest_c [all]", "Group", "Grade"))
# Add back the grand mean to make X axis interpretable
preds_interaction$x <- preds_interaction$x + mean(clean_data$score_Pretest, na.rm = TRUE)
names(preds_interaction)[names(preds_interaction) == "facet"] <- "Grade"
# Plot: faceted by Grade and Tier
clean_data$Grade = as.factor(clean_data$Grade)
ggplot(preds_interaction, aes(x = x, y = predicted, color = group, fill = group)) +
geom_line(size = 1.2) +
geom_ribbon(aes(ymin = conf.low, ymax = conf.high), alpha = 0.2, color = NA) +
facet_wrap(~ Grade, labeller = label_both) +
labs(
x = "Pretest Score",
y = "Posttest Score",
title = "Interaction Plot by Grade Level",
color = "Condition", fill = "Condition"
) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("Silent_Repeated_Reading" = "#0000FF",
"Repeated_Reading" = "#d95f02"),
labels = c("Silent Repeated Reading", "Repeated Reading Plus")) +
scale_fill_manual(values = c("Silent_Repeated_Reading" = "#0000FF",
"Repeated_Reading" = "#d95f02"),
labels = c("Silent Repeated Reading", "Repeated Reading Plus")
) +
theme_minimal(base_size = 12, base_family = "Times New Roman")
# Predict from the interaction model with moderator variables
preds_interaction <- ggpredict(model_interaction,
terms = c("score_Pretest_c [all]", "Group", "Tier.III.or.IV"))
# Add back the grand mean to make X axis interpretable
preds_interaction$x <- preds_interaction$x + mean(clean_data$score_Pretest, na.rm = TRUE)
names(preds_interaction)[names(preds_interaction) == "facet"] <- "Tier"
# Plot: faceted by Grade and Tier
clean_data$Grade = as.factor(clean_data$Grade)
ggplot(preds_interaction, aes(x = x, y = predicted, color = group, fill = group)) +
geom_line(size = 1.2) +
geom_ribbon(aes(ymin = conf.low, ymax = conf.high), alpha = 0.2, color = NA) +
facet_wrap(~ Tier, labeller = label_both) +
labs(
x = "Pretest Score",
y = "Posttest Score",
title = "Interaction Plot by Tier Level",
color = "Condition", fill = "Condition"
) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("Silent_Repeated_Reading" = "#1b9e77",
"Repeated_Reading" = "#d95f02"),
labels = c("Silent Repeated Reading", "Repeated Reading Plus")) +
scale_fill_manual(values = c("Silent_Repeated_Reading" = "#1b9e77",
"Repeated_Reading" = "#d95f02"),
labels = c("Silent Repeated Reading", "Repeated Reading Plus")) +
theme_minimal(base_size = 12, base_family = "Times New Roman")
# Load required packages
library(apaTables)
library(tidyverse)## ── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
## ✔ forcats 1.0.0 ✔ readr 2.1.5
## ✔ lubridate 1.9.4 ✔ stringr 1.5.1
## ✔ purrr 1.0.4 ✔ tibble 3.2.1
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## ✖ psych::%+%() masks ggplot2::%+%()
## ✖ psych::alpha() masks ggplot2::alpha()
## ✖ purrr::compose() masks flextable::compose()
## ✖ Matrix::expand() masks tidyr::expand()
## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks rstatix::filter(), stats::filter()
## ✖ stringr::fixed() masks simr::fixed()
## ✖ dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
## ✖ Matrix::pack() masks tidyr::pack()
## ✖ readxl::read_xlsx() masks officer::read_xlsx()
## ✖ car::recode() masks dplyr::recode()
## ✖ purrr::some() masks car::some()
## ✖ Matrix::unpack() masks tidyr::unpack()
## ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errorsclean_data <- clean_data %>%
mutate(
score_Pretest_c = scale(score_Pretest, center = TRUE, scale = FALSE),
Group = factor(Group),
Grade = factor(Grade),
Tier.III.or.IV = factor(Tier.III.or.IV)
)
model1 <- lm(score_Posttest ~ score_Pretest_c + Group, data = clean_data)
model2 <- lm(score_Posttest ~ score_Pretest_c * Group, data = clean_data)
model3 <- lm(score_Posttest ~ score_Pretest_c + Group + Grade, data = clean_data)
model4 <- lm(score_Posttest ~ score_Pretest_c + Group + Grade + Tier.III.or.IV, data = clean_data)
model5 <- lm(score_Posttest ~ score_Pretest_c * Group + Grade + Tier.III.or.IV, data = clean_data)
models_list <- list(model1, model2, model3, model4, model5)
lapply(models_list, summary)## [[1]]
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = score_Posttest ~ score_Pretest_c + Group, data = clean_data)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -45.89 -17.37 2.25 14.66 56.97
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 105.0432 4.1405 25.370 < 2e-16 ***
## score_Pretest_c 0.7263 0.1207 6.016 9.11e-08 ***
## GroupRepeated_Reading 19.6685 5.9495 3.306 0.00154 **
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 24.47 on 65 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.4336, Adjusted R-squared: 0.4162
## F-statistic: 24.88 on 2 and 65 DF, p-value: 9.475e-09
##
##
## [[2]]
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = score_Posttest ~ score_Pretest_c * Group, data = clean_data)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -56.571 -12.423 0.661 15.652 38.798
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 105.7589 3.5326 29.938 < 2e-16 ***
## score_Pretest_c 1.2113 0.1409 8.600 2.84e-12 ***
## GroupRepeated_Reading 19.8226 5.0720 3.908 0.000227 ***
## score_Pretest_c:GroupRepeated_Reading -1.0408 0.2063 -5.044 4.01e-06 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 20.86 on 64 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.5947, Adjusted R-squared: 0.5757
## F-statistic: 31.3 on 3 and 64 DF, p-value: 1.413e-12
##
##
## [[3]]
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = score_Posttest ~ score_Pretest_c + Group + Grade,
## data = clean_data)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -44.444 -14.857 0.612 12.542 44.143
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 117.9364 4.6919 25.136 < 2e-16 ***
## score_Pretest_c 0.7903 0.1082 7.307 5.83e-10 ***
## GroupRepeated_Reading 23.8808 5.4741 4.362 4.86e-05 ***
## Grade7 -26.8531 6.2966 -4.265 6.84e-05 ***
## Grade8 -20.9535 6.8606 -3.054 0.00331 **
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 21.7 on 63 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.5683, Adjusted R-squared: 0.5409
## F-statistic: 20.73 on 4 and 63 DF, p-value: 6.102e-11
##
##
## [[4]]
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = score_Posttest ~ score_Pretest_c + Group + Grade +
## Tier.III.or.IV, data = clean_data)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -41.293 -16.130 1.695 14.475 48.551
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 123.9896 5.6773 21.840 < 2e-16 ***
## score_Pretest_c 0.7490 0.1086 6.897 3.24e-09 ***
## GroupRepeated_Reading 24.1792 5.3781 4.496 3.10e-05 ***
## Grade7 -23.3862 6.4685 -3.615 0.000603 ***
## Grade8 -19.5263 6.7824 -2.879 0.005469 **
## Tier.III.or.IVIV -11.0068 6.0314 -1.825 0.072835 .
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 21.31 on 62 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.5903, Adjusted R-squared: 0.5572
## F-statistic: 17.86 on 5 and 62 DF, p-value: 6.262e-11
##
##
## [[5]]
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = score_Posttest ~ score_Pretest_c * Group + Grade +
## Tier.III.or.IV, data = clean_data)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -42.911 -13.089 3.456 12.107 33.063
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 117.5203 5.1374 22.875 < 2e-16 ***
## score_Pretest_c 1.1989 0.1364 8.791 1.94e-12 ***
## GroupRepeated_Reading 22.0397 4.7020 4.687 1.60e-05 ***
## Grade7 -23.1860 5.6275 -4.120 0.000116 ***
## Grade8 -10.9867 6.1887 -1.775 0.080839 .
## Tier.III.or.IVIV -2.8392 5.5426 -0.512 0.610327
## score_Pretest_c:GroupRepeated_Reading -0.9369 0.2048 -4.574 2.40e-05 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 18.54 on 61 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.6949, Adjusted R-squared: 0.6649
## F-statistic: 23.16 on 6 and 61 DF, p-value: 4.782e-14apa.reg.table(model1, model2, model3, model4, model5,
filename = "Hierarchical_Regression_Results.doc")## Warning in sqrt(var_delta_r2): NaNs produced
## Warning in sqrt(var_delta_r2): NaNs produced##
##
## Regression results using score_Posttest as the criterion
##
##
## Predictor b b_95%_CI sr2
## (Intercept) 105.04** [96.77, 113.31]
## score_Pretest_c 0.73** [0.49, 0.97] .32
## GroupRepeated_Reading 19.67** [7.79, 31.55] .10
##
##
##
## (Intercept) 105.76** [98.70, 112.82]
## score_Pretest_c 1.21** [0.93, 1.49] .47
## GroupRepeated_Reading 19.82** [9.69, 29.95] .10
## score_Pretest_c:GroupRepeated_Reading -1.04** [-1.45, -0.63] .16
##
##
##
## (Intercept) 117.94** [108.56, 127.31]
## score_Pretest_c 0.79** [0.57, 1.01] .37
## GroupRepeated_Reading 23.88** [12.94, 34.82] .13
## Grade7 -26.85** [-39.44, -14.27] .12
## Grade8 -20.95** [-34.66, -7.24] .06
##
##
##
## (Intercept) 123.99** [112.64, 135.34]
## score_Pretest_c 0.75** [0.53, 0.97] .31
## GroupRepeated_Reading 24.18** [13.43, 34.93] .13
## Grade7 -23.39** [-36.32, -10.46] .09
## Grade8 -19.53** [-33.08, -5.97] .05
## Tier.III.or.IVIV -11.01 [-23.06, 1.05] .02
##
##
##
## (Intercept) 117.52** [107.25, 127.79]
## score_Pretest_c 1.20** [0.93, 1.47] .39
## GroupRepeated_Reading 22.04** [12.64, 31.44] .11
## Grade7 -23.19** [-34.44, -11.93] .08
## Grade8 -10.99 [-23.36, 1.39] .02
## Tier.III.or.IVIV -2.84 [-13.92, 8.24] .00
## score_Pretest_c:GroupRepeated_Reading -0.94** [-1.35, -0.53] .10
##
##
##
## sr2_95%_CI Fit Difference
##
## [.14, .49]
## [-.01, .20]
## R2 = .434**
## 95% CI[.24,.56]
##
##
## [.30, .64]
## [.00, .19]
## [.04, .28]
## R2 = .595** Delta R2 = .161**
## 95% CI[.42,.68] 95% CI[.04, .28]
##
##
## [.20, .54]
## [.02, .24]
## [.01, .24]
## [-.02, .14]
## R2 = .568** Delta R2 = -.026
## 95% CI[.37,.66] 95% CI[NaN, NaN]
##
##
## [.15, .48]
## [.02, .25]
## [-.00, .18]
## [-.02, .13]
## [-.02, .07]
## R2 = .590** Delta R2 = .022
## 95% CI[.39,.67] 95% CI[-.02, .07]
##
##
## [.22, .55]
## [.02, .20]
## [.01, .16]
## [-.02, .05]
## [-.01, .01]
## [.02, .19]
## R2 = .695** Delta R2 = .105**
## 95% CI[.52,.75] 95% CI[.02, .19]
##
##
## Note. A significant b-weight indicates the semi-partial correlation is also significant.
## b represents unstandardized regression weights.
## sr2 represents the semi-partial correlation squared.
## Square brackets are used to enclose the lower and upper limits of a confidence interval.
## * indicates p < .05. ** indicates p < .01.
## Multilevel Modeling to account for nesting by teacher
#remove teacher that only had 1 student in the Silent Repeated Reading treatment prior to multilevel model
table(clean_data$TeacherID, clean_data$Group)##
## Silent_Repeated_Reading Repeated_Reading
## 1 0 16
## 10 1 0
## 11 7 0
## 2 0 5
## 3 0 7
## 4 0 5
## 5 5 0
## 6 2 0
## 7 8 0
## 8 10 0
## 9 2 0table(clean_data$TeacherID, clean_data$Grade)##
## 6 7 8
## 1 5 6 5
## 10 0 1 0
## 11 4 2 1
## 2 2 1 2
## 3 0 1 6
## 4 2 3 0
## 5 0 5 0
## 6 2 0 0
## 7 3 3 2
## 8 6 1 3
## 9 2 0 0table(clean_data$TeacherID, clean_data$Tier.III.or.IV)##
## III IV
## 1 0 16
## 10 0 1
## 11 6 1
## 2 2 3
## 3 7 0
## 4 0 5
## 5 0 5
## 6 2 0
## 7 1 7
## 8 0 10
## 9 2 0# Count students per teacher
teacher_counts <- clean_data %>%
group_by(TeacherID) %>%
summarise(n_students = n())
# View teachers with low n
teacher_counts %>% filter(n_students <= 1)## # A tibble: 1 × 2
## TeacherID n_students
## <chr> <int>
## 1 10 1# Drop those teachers from the analysis dataset
teachers_to_drop <- teacher_counts %>%
filter(n_students <= 1) %>%
pull(TeacherID)
# Final dataset for MLM
mlm_data <- clean_data %>%
filter(!(TeacherID %in% teachers_to_drop))
mlm_data$TeacherID <- factor(mlm_data$TeacherID)
mlm_data <- droplevels(mlm_data)
table(mlm_data$TeacherID, mlm_data$Group)##
## Silent_Repeated_Reading Repeated_Reading
## 1 0 16
## 11 7 0
## 2 0 5
## 3 0 7
## 4 0 5
## 5 5 0
## 6 2 0
## 7 8 0
## 8 10 0
## 9 2 0#run the null conditional model to determine ICC
null_model <- lmer(score_Posttest ~ 1 + (1 | TeacherID), data = mlm_data)
# Check summary
summary(null_model)## Linear mixed model fit by REML ['lmerMod']
## Formula: score_Posttest ~ 1 + (1 | TeacherID)
## Data: mlm_data
##
## REML criterion at convergence: 635.9
##
## Scaled residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -2.3580 -0.6127 0.1663 0.6735 1.9211
##
## Random effects:
## Groups Name Variance Std.Dev.
## TeacherID (Intercept) 347.6 18.64
## Residual 698.7 26.43
## Number of obs: 67, groups: TeacherID, 10
##
## Fixed effects:
## Estimate Std. Error t value
## (Intercept) 114.037 6.943 16.43# ICC
icc(null_model)## # Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
##
## Adjusted ICC: 0.332
## Unadjusted ICC: 0.332AIC(null_model)## [1] 641.9393BIC(null_model)## [1] 648.5533logLik(null_model)## 'log Lik.' -317.9696 (df=3)#model 1 - condition and pretest scores
model_ml <- lmer(score_Posttest ~ Group + score_Pretest_c + (1 | TeacherID),
data = mlm_data)
summary(model_ml)## Linear mixed model fit by REML ['lmerMod']
## Formula: score_Posttest ~ Group + score_Pretest_c + (1 | TeacherID)
## Data: mlm_data
##
## REML criterion at convergence: 603.3
##
## Scaled residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -2.29963 -0.67879 0.09371 0.50193 2.52297
##
## Random effects:
## Groups Name Variance Std.Dev.
## TeacherID (Intercept) 122.3 11.06
## Residual 495.7 22.26
## Number of obs: 67, groups: TeacherID, 10
##
## Fixed effects:
## Estimate Std. Error t value
## (Intercept) 105.8632 6.1607 17.184
## GroupRepeated_Reading 16.6218 9.2850 1.790
## score_Pretest_c 0.6905 0.1203 5.738
##
## Correlation of Fixed Effects:
## (Intr) GrpR_R
## GrpRptd_Rdn -0.663
## scr_Prtst_c -0.006 -0.022icc(model_ml)## # Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
##
## Adjusted ICC: 0.198
## Unadjusted ICC: 0.122confint(model_ml)## Computing profile confidence intervals ...## 2.5 % 97.5 %
## .sig01 0.0000000 19.1350509
## .sigma 18.5970928 26.7674337
## (Intercept) 94.1302813 117.6771501
## GroupRepeated_Reading -1.4106300 34.2756317
## score_Pretest_c 0.4626915 0.9374775AIC(model_ml)## [1] 613.2962BIC(model_ml)## [1] 624.3197logLik(model_ml)## 'log Lik.' -301.6481 (df=5)anova(null_model, model_ml)## refitting model(s) with ML (instead of REML)## Data: mlm_data
## Models:
## null_model: score_Posttest ~ 1 + (1 | TeacherID)
## model_ml: score_Posttest ~ Group + score_Pretest_c + (1 | TeacherID)
## npar AIC BIC logLik deviance Chisq Df Pr(>Chisq)
## null_model 3 647.60 654.22 -320.8 641.60
## model_ml 5 621.81 632.83 -305.9 611.81 29.792 2 3.394e-07 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1icc(model_ml)## # Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
##
## Adjusted ICC: 0.198
## Unadjusted ICC: 0.122model_ml_test <- lmerTest::as_lmerModLmerTest(model_ml)
summary(model_ml_test)## Linear mixed model fit by REML. t-tests use Satterthwaite's method [
## lmerModLmerTest]
## Formula: score_Posttest ~ Group + score_Pretest_c + (1 | TeacherID)
## Data: mlm_data
##
## REML criterion at convergence: 603.3
##
## Scaled residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -2.29963 -0.67879 0.09371 0.50193 2.52297
##
## Random effects:
## Groups Name Variance Std.Dev.
## TeacherID (Intercept) 122.3 11.06
## Residual 495.7 22.26
## Number of obs: 67, groups: TeacherID, 10
##
## Fixed effects:
## Estimate Std. Error df t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 105.8632 6.1607 8.8259 17.184 4.35e-08 ***
## GroupRepeated_Reading 16.6218 9.2850 7.8118 1.790 0.112
## score_Pretest_c 0.6905 0.1203 63.8913 5.738 2.84e-07 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Correlation of Fixed Effects:
## (Intr) GrpR_R
## GrpRptd_Rdn -0.663
## scr_Prtst_c -0.006 -0.022#model 2 - with grade and tier level and the interaction term found in the residual change regressions #exercise extreme caution in these results, the sample size is too small and the clusters are n = 10.
model_ml2 <- lmer(score_Posttest ~ Group * score_Pretest_c + Grade + Tier.III.or.IV + (1 | TeacherID),
data = mlm_data)
summary(model_ml2)## Linear mixed model fit by REML ['lmerMod']
## Formula: score_Posttest ~ Group * score_Pretest_c + Grade + Tier.III.or.IV +
## (1 | TeacherID)
## Data: mlm_data
##
## REML criterion at convergence: 547.7
##
## Scaled residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -2.9838 -0.4718 0.2275 0.4940 1.6936
##
## Random effects:
## Groups Name Variance Std.Dev.
## TeacherID (Intercept) 120.3 10.97
## Residual 265.8 16.30
## Number of obs: 67, groups: TeacherID, 10
##
## Fixed effects:
## Estimate Std. Error t value
## (Intercept) 118.9763 7.0704 16.827
## GroupRepeated_Reading 21.3011 8.4837 2.511
## score_Pretest_c 1.1560 0.1345 8.593
## Grade7 -21.6116 5.5741 -3.877
## Grade8 -10.7521 5.9989 -1.792
## Tier.III.or.IVIV -8.9484 7.9492 -1.126
## GroupRepeated_Reading:score_Pretest_c -0.9060 0.2105 -4.305
##
## Correlation of Fixed Effects:
## (Intr) GrpR_R scr_P_ Grade7 Grade8 T.III.
## GrpRptd_Rdn -0.449
## scr_Prtst_c -0.213 -0.006
## Grade7 -0.094 -0.068 -0.194
## Grade8 -0.113 -0.162 0.013 0.466
## T.III..IVIV -0.552 -0.024 0.366 -0.323 -0.188
## GrpRp_R:_P_ 0.286 0.027 -0.728 0.101 -0.196 -0.419confint(model_ml2)## Computing profile confidence intervals ...## 2.5 % 97.5 %
## .sig01 0.000000 17.5613246
## .sigma 13.269247 19.3629506
## (Intercept) 106.361592 131.4576550
## GroupRepeated_Reading 6.410238 36.5033605
## score_Pretest_c 0.909460 1.4249747
## Grade7 -31.980556 -10.9700763
## Grade8 -22.040243 0.5681047
## Tier.III.or.IVIV -23.510937 6.9184311
## GroupRepeated_Reading:score_Pretest_c -1.311105 -0.5223986AIC(model_ml2)## [1] 565.6858BIC(model_ml2)## [1] 585.528logLik(model_ml2)## 'log Lik.' -273.8429 (df=9)anova(null_model, model_ml2)## refitting model(s) with ML (instead of REML)## Data: mlm_data
## Models:
## null_model: score_Posttest ~ 1 + (1 | TeacherID)
## model_ml2: score_Posttest ~ Group * score_Pretest_c + Grade + Tier.III.or.IV + (1 | TeacherID)
## npar AIC BIC logLik deviance Chisq Df Pr(>Chisq)
## null_model 3 647.60 654.22 -320.80 641.60
## model_ml2 9 587.33 607.17 -284.66 569.33 72.275 6 1.395e-13 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1anova(model_ml, model_ml2)## refitting model(s) with ML (instead of REML)## Data: mlm_data
## Models:
## model_ml: score_Posttest ~ Group + score_Pretest_c + (1 | TeacherID)
## model_ml2: score_Posttest ~ Group * score_Pretest_c + Grade + Tier.III.or.IV + (1 | TeacherID)
## npar AIC BIC logLik deviance Chisq Df Pr(>Chisq)
## model_ml 5 621.81 632.83 -305.90 611.81
## model_ml2 9 587.33 607.17 -284.66 569.33 42.483 4 1.325e-08 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1icc(model_ml2)## # Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
##
## Adjusted ICC: 0.312
## Unadjusted ICC: 0.107model_ml_test2 <- lmerTest::as_lmerModLmerTest(model_ml2)
summary(model_ml_test2)## Linear mixed model fit by REML. t-tests use Satterthwaite's method [
## lmerModLmerTest]
## Formula: score_Posttest ~ Group * score_Pretest_c + Grade + Tier.III.or.IV +
## (1 | TeacherID)
## Data: mlm_data
##
## REML criterion at convergence: 547.7
##
## Scaled residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -2.9838 -0.4718 0.2275 0.4940 1.6936
##
## Random effects:
## Groups Name Variance Std.Dev.
## TeacherID (Intercept) 120.3 10.97
## Residual 265.8 16.30
## Number of obs: 67, groups: TeacherID, 10
##
## Fixed effects:
## Estimate Std. Error df t value
## (Intercept) 118.9763 7.0704 10.5186 16.827
## GroupRepeated_Reading 21.3011 8.4837 5.2174 2.511
## score_Pretest_c 1.1560 0.1345 59.4223 8.593
## Grade7 -21.6116 5.5741 59.9347 -3.877
## Grade8 -10.7521 5.9989 59.9921 -1.792
## Tier.III.or.IVIV -8.9484 7.9492 16.6986 -1.126
## GroupRepeated_Reading:score_Pretest_c -0.9060 0.2105 59.1117 -4.305
## Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 6.06e-09 ***
## GroupRepeated_Reading 0.051773 .
## score_Pretest_c 5.18e-12 ***
## Grade7 0.000265 ***
## Grade8 0.078120 .
## Tier.III.or.IVIV 0.276216
## GroupRepeated_Reading:score_Pretest_c 6.37e-05 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Correlation of Fixed Effects:
## (Intr) GrpR_R scr_P_ Grade7 Grade8 T.III.
## GrpRptd_Rdn -0.449
## scr_Prtst_c -0.213 -0.006
## Grade7 -0.094 -0.068 -0.194
## Grade8 -0.113 -0.162 0.013 0.466
## T.III..IVIV -0.552 -0.024 0.366 -0.323 -0.188
## GrpRp_R:_P_ 0.286 0.027 -0.728 0.101 -0.196 -0.419Summary Tables
null_model <- lmer(score_Posttest ~ 1 + (1 | TeacherID), data = mlm_data)
model_ml <- lmer(score_Posttest ~ Group + score_Pretest_c + (1 | TeacherID), data = mlm_data)
model_ml2 <- lmer(score_Posttest ~ Group * score_Pretest_c + Grade + Tier.III.or.IV + (1 | TeacherID), data = mlm_data)
# Extract and label model summaries
params_null <- model_parameters(null_model)## Package 'merDeriv' needs to be installed to compute confidence intervals
## for random effect parameters.params_main <- model_parameters(model_ml)## Package 'merDeriv' needs to be installed to compute confidence intervals
## for random effect parameters.params_inter <- model_parameters(model_ml2)## Package 'merDeriv' needs to be installed to compute confidence intervals
## for random effect parameters.params_null$model <- "Null Model"
params_main$model <- "Main Effects Model"
params_inter$model <- "Interaction Model"
# Combine all
all_models <- rbind(params_null, params_main, params_inter)
# Combine all
# Rename 'Coefficient' to 'Estimate' for clarity
all_models$Estimate <- all_models$Coefficient
# Select and rename relevant columns for APA-style output
apa_table <- all_models[, c("model", "Parameter", "Estimate", "SE", "t", "p")]
names(apa_table) <- c("Model", "Predictor", "Estimate", "SE", "t", "p")
# Format values: round and adjust p-values
apa_table$Estimate <- round(as.numeric(apa_table$Estimate), 2)
apa_table$SE <- round(as.numeric(apa_table$SE), 2)
apa_table$t <- round(as.numeric(apa_table$t), 2)
apa_table$p <- ifelse(as.numeric(apa_table$p) < .001, "< .001", round(as.numeric(apa_table$p), 3))
# View the cleaned table
print(apa_table)## # Fixed Effects
##
## Model | Predictor | Estimate | SE
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Null Model | (Intercept) | 114.04 | 6.94
## Null Model | SD (Intercept) | 18.64 |
## Null Model | SD (Observations) | 26.43 |
## Main Effects Model | (Intercept) | 105.86 | 6.16
## Main Effects Model | GroupRepeated_Reading | 16.62 | 9.28
## Main Effects Model | score_Pretest_c | 0.69 | 0.12
## Main Effects Model | SD (Intercept) | 11.06 |
## Main Effects Model | SD (Observations) | 22.26 |
## Interaction Model | (Intercept) | 118.98 | 7.07
## Interaction Model | GroupRepeated_Reading | 21.30 | 8.48
## Interaction Model | score_Pretest_c | 1.16 | 0.13
## Interaction Model | Grade7 | -21.61 | 5.57
## Interaction Model | Grade8 | -10.75 | 6.00
## Interaction Model | Tier.III.or.IVIV | -8.95 | 7.95
## Interaction Model | GroupRepeated_Reading:score_Pretest_c | -0.91 | 0.21
## Interaction Model | SD (Intercept) | 10.97 |
## Interaction Model | SD (Observations) | 16.30 |
##
## Model | t | p
## -----------------------------------
## Null Model | 16.42 | < .001
## Null Model | | NA
## Null Model | | NA
## Main Effects Model | 17.18 | < .001
## Main Effects Model | 1.79 | 0.078
## Main Effects Model | 5.74 | < .001
## Main Effects Model | | NA
## Main Effects Model | | NA
## Interaction Model | 16.83 | < .001
## Interaction Model | 2.51 | 0.015
## Interaction Model | 8.59 | < .001
## Interaction Model | -3.88 | < .001
## Interaction Model | -1.79 | 0.078
## Interaction Model | -1.13 | 0.265
## Interaction Model | -4.31 | < .001
## Interaction Model | | NA
## Interaction Model | | NAapa_flex <- flextable(apa_table)
doc <- read_docx() %>%
body_add_par("Table: Multilevel Model Fixed Effects", style = "heading 1") %>%
body_add_flextable(apa_flex)
print(doc, target = "Multilevel_Model_APA_Table.docx")
anova(null_model, model_ml) # Compare null vs. main effects## refitting model(s) with ML (instead of REML)## Data: mlm_data
## Models:
## null_model: score_Posttest ~ 1 + (1 | TeacherID)
## model_ml: score_Posttest ~ Group + score_Pretest_c + (1 | TeacherID)
## npar AIC BIC logLik deviance Chisq Df Pr(>Chisq)
## null_model 3 647.60 654.22 -320.8 641.60
## model_ml 5 621.81 632.83 -305.9 611.81 29.792 2 3.394e-07 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1anova(model_ml, model_ml2) # Compare main effects vs. interaction## refitting model(s) with ML (instead of REML)## Data: mlm_data
## Models:
## model_ml: score_Posttest ~ Group + score_Pretest_c + (1 | TeacherID)
## model_ml2: score_Posttest ~ Group * score_Pretest_c + Grade + Tier.III.or.IV + (1 | TeacherID)
## npar AIC BIC logLik deviance Chisq Df Pr(>Chisq)
## model_ml 5 621.81 632.83 -305.90 611.81
## model_ml2 9 587.33 607.17 -284.66 569.33 42.483 4 1.325e-08 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1# ICCs
icc(null_model)## # Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
##
## Adjusted ICC: 0.332
## Unadjusted ICC: 0.332icc(model_ml)## # Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
##
## Adjusted ICC: 0.198
## Unadjusted ICC: 0.122icc(model_ml2)## # Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
##
## Adjusted ICC: 0.312
## Unadjusted ICC: 0.107# R² (marginal = fixed effects; conditional = fixed + random)
r2(null_model)## # R2 for Mixed Models
##
## Conditional R2: 0.332
## Marginal R2: 0.000r2(model_ml)## # R2 for Mixed Models
##
## Conditional R2: 0.506
## Marginal R2: 0.385r2(model_ml2)## # R2 for Mixed Models
##
## Conditional R2: 0.762
## Marginal R2: 0.655# Fit indices
model_performance(null_model)## # Indices of model performance
##
## AIC | AICc | BIC | R2 (cond.) | R2 (marg.) | ICC | RMSE | Sigma
## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## 641.939 | 642.320 | 648.553 | 0.332 | 0.000 | 0.332 | 24.916 | 26.433model_performance(model_ml)## # Indices of model performance
##
## AIC | AICc | BIC | R2 (cond.) | R2 (marg.) | ICC | RMSE | Sigma
## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## 613.296 | 614.280 | 624.320 | 0.506 | 0.385 | 0.198 | 20.990 | 22.264model_performance(model_ml2)## # Indices of model performance
##
## AIC | AICc | BIC | R2 (cond.) | R2 (marg.) | ICC | RMSE | Sigma
## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## 565.686 | 568.844 | 585.528 | 0.762 | 0.655 | 0.312 | 14.784 | 16.302#Social Validity of Students
#Social Validity ---------------
#merge datasets into MasterDataset
#Sheet 5
ssv_rr_df <- data.frame(read_excel(path=here("Reading Fluency Data Set NEW.xlsx"), sheet="Student Social Validity RR"))
#sapply(ssv_rr_df, class)
#Sheet 6
ssv_sr_df <- data.frame(read_excel(path=here("Reading Fluency Data Set NEW.xlsx"), sheet="Student Social Validity SRR"),skip = 1)
#sapply(ssv_sr_df, class)
ssv_full_df = full_join(ssv_rr_df, ssv_sr_df, by = "RandomNumber")
#names(ssv_full_df)
#names(ssv_rr_df)
ssv_rr_df %>% select(Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader.) %>% summary()## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader.
## Min. :3.000
## 1st Qu.:3.000
## Median :3.000
## Mean :3.233
## 3rd Qu.:3.000
## Max. :4.000psych::describe(ssv_rr_df)## vars
## RandomNumber* 1
## Repeated.Readings 2
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 3
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 4
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 5
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 6
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 7
## Note....1...Strongly.Disagree..2...Disagree..3...Agree..4...Strongly.Agree 8
## n
## RandomNumber* 30
## Repeated.Readings 30
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 30
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 30
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 30
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 30
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 30
## Note....1...Strongly.Disagree..2...Disagree..3...Agree..4...Strongly.Agree 0
## mean
## RandomNumber* 15.50
## Repeated.Readings 15.50
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 3.23
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 3.37
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 3.33
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 14.77
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 12.33
## Note....1...Strongly.Disagree..2...Disagree..3...Agree..4...Strongly.Agree NaN
## sd
## RandomNumber* 8.80
## Repeated.Readings 8.80
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 0.43
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 0.49
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 0.48
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 8.13
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 6.86
## Note....1...Strongly.Disagree..2...Disagree..3...Agree..4...Strongly.Agree NA
## median
## RandomNumber* 15.5
## Repeated.Readings 15.5
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 3.0
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 3.0
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 3.0
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 14.5
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 10.5
## Note....1...Strongly.Disagree..2...Disagree..3...Agree..4...Strongly.Agree NA
## trimmed
## RandomNumber* 15.50
## Repeated.Readings 15.50
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 3.17
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 3.33
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 3.29
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 14.83
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 12.17
## Note....1...Strongly.Disagree..2...Disagree..3...Agree..4...Strongly.Agree NaN
## mad
## RandomNumber* 11.12
## Repeated.Readings 11.12
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 0.00
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 0.00
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 0.00
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 10.38
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 7.41
## Note....1...Strongly.Disagree..2...Disagree..3...Agree..4...Strongly.Agree NA
## min
## RandomNumber* 1
## Repeated.Readings 1
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 3
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 3
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 3
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 1
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 1
## Note....1...Strongly.Disagree..2...Disagree..3...Agree..4...Strongly.Agree Inf
## max
## RandomNumber* 30
## Repeated.Readings 30
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 4
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 4
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 4
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 28
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 25
## Note....1...Strongly.Disagree..2...Disagree..3...Agree..4...Strongly.Agree -Inf
## range
## RandomNumber* 29
## Repeated.Readings 29
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 1
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 1
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 1
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 27
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 24
## Note....1...Strongly.Disagree..2...Disagree..3...Agree..4...Strongly.Agree -Inf
## skew
## RandomNumber* 0.00
## Repeated.Readings 0.00
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 1.20
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 0.53
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 0.67
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* -0.04
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 0.25
## Note....1...Strongly.Disagree..2...Disagree..3...Agree..4...Strongly.Agree NA
## kurtosis
## RandomNumber* -1.32
## Repeated.Readings -1.32
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. -0.58
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. -1.78
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. -1.60
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* -1.31
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* -1.12
## Note....1...Strongly.Disagree..2...Disagree..3...Agree..4...Strongly.Agree NA
## se
## RandomNumber* 1.61
## Repeated.Readings 1.61
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 0.08
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 0.09
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 0.09
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 1.48
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 1.25
## Note....1...Strongly.Disagree..2...Disagree..3...Agree..4...Strongly.Agree NApsych::describe(ssv_sr_df)## vars
## RandomNumber* 1
## Silent.Repeated..Readings 2
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 3
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 4
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 5
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 6
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 7
## skip 8
## n
## RandomNumber* 38
## Silent.Repeated..Readings 38
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 38
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 38
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 38
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 38
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 37
## skip 38
## mean
## RandomNumber* 19.50
## Silent.Repeated..Readings 19.50
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 3.08
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 2.92
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 2.76
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 18.50
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 15.08
## skip 1.00
## sd
## RandomNumber* 11.11
## Silent.Repeated..Readings 11.11
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 0.59
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 0.71
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 0.79
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 9.97
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 9.08
## skip 0.00
## median
## RandomNumber* 19.5
## Silent.Repeated..Readings 19.5
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 3.0
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 3.0
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 3.0
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 19.5
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 15.0
## skip 1.0
## trimmed
## RandomNumber* 19.50
## Silent.Repeated..Readings 19.50
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 3.09
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 2.91
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 2.78
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 18.59
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 15.06
## skip 1.00
## mad
## RandomNumber* 14.08
## Silent.Repeated..Readings 14.08
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 0.00
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 0.74
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 0.74
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 11.86
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 11.86
## skip 0.00
## min
## RandomNumber* 1
## Silent.Repeated..Readings 1
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 2
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 2
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 1
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 1
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 1
## skip 1
## max
## RandomNumber* 38
## Silent.Repeated..Readings 38
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 4
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 4
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 4
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 35
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 30
## skip 1
## range
## RandomNumber* 37
## Silent.Repeated..Readings 37
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 2
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 2
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 3
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 34
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 29
## skip 0
## skew
## RandomNumber* 0.00
## Silent.Repeated..Readings 0.00
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. -0.01
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 0.11
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. -0.23
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* -0.13
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 0.01
## skip NaN
## kurtosis
## RandomNumber* -1.30
## Silent.Repeated..Readings -1.30
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. -0.23
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. -1.08
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. -0.44
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* -1.24
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* -1.36
## skip NaN
## se
## RandomNumber* 1.80
## Silent.Repeated..Readings 1.80
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 0.10
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 0.12
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 0.13
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 1.62
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 1.49
## skip 0.00describe(ssv_rr_df) # Repeated Reading students## vars
## RandomNumber* 1
## Repeated.Readings 2
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 3
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 4
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 5
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 6
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 7
## Note....1...Strongly.Disagree..2...Disagree..3...Agree..4...Strongly.Agree 8
## n
## RandomNumber* 30
## Repeated.Readings 30
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 30
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 30
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 30
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 30
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 30
## Note....1...Strongly.Disagree..2...Disagree..3...Agree..4...Strongly.Agree 0
## mean
## RandomNumber* 15.50
## Repeated.Readings 15.50
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 3.23
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 3.37
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 3.33
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 14.77
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 12.33
## Note....1...Strongly.Disagree..2...Disagree..3...Agree..4...Strongly.Agree NaN
## sd
## RandomNumber* 8.80
## Repeated.Readings 8.80
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 0.43
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 0.49
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 0.48
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 8.13
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 6.86
## Note....1...Strongly.Disagree..2...Disagree..3...Agree..4...Strongly.Agree NA
## median
## RandomNumber* 15.5
## Repeated.Readings 15.5
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 3.0
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 3.0
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 3.0
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 14.5
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 10.5
## Note....1...Strongly.Disagree..2...Disagree..3...Agree..4...Strongly.Agree NA
## trimmed
## RandomNumber* 15.50
## Repeated.Readings 15.50
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 3.17
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 3.33
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 3.29
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 14.83
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 12.17
## Note....1...Strongly.Disagree..2...Disagree..3...Agree..4...Strongly.Agree NaN
## mad
## RandomNumber* 11.12
## Repeated.Readings 11.12
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 0.00
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 0.00
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 0.00
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 10.38
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 7.41
## Note....1...Strongly.Disagree..2...Disagree..3...Agree..4...Strongly.Agree NA
## min
## RandomNumber* 1
## Repeated.Readings 1
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 3
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 3
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 3
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 1
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 1
## Note....1...Strongly.Disagree..2...Disagree..3...Agree..4...Strongly.Agree Inf
## max
## RandomNumber* 30
## Repeated.Readings 30
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 4
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 4
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 4
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 28
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 25
## Note....1...Strongly.Disagree..2...Disagree..3...Agree..4...Strongly.Agree -Inf
## range
## RandomNumber* 29
## Repeated.Readings 29
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 1
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 1
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 1
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 27
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 24
## Note....1...Strongly.Disagree..2...Disagree..3...Agree..4...Strongly.Agree -Inf
## skew
## RandomNumber* 0.00
## Repeated.Readings 0.00
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 1.20
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 0.53
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 0.67
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* -0.04
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 0.25
## Note....1...Strongly.Disagree..2...Disagree..3...Agree..4...Strongly.Agree NA
## kurtosis
## RandomNumber* -1.32
## Repeated.Readings -1.32
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. -0.58
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. -1.78
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. -1.60
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* -1.31
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* -1.12
## Note....1...Strongly.Disagree..2...Disagree..3...Agree..4...Strongly.Agree NA
## se
## RandomNumber* 1.61
## Repeated.Readings 1.61
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 0.08
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 0.09
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 0.09
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 1.48
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 1.25
## Note....1...Strongly.Disagree..2...Disagree..3...Agree..4...Strongly.Agree NAdescribe(ssv_sr_df) # Silent Repeated Reading students## vars
## RandomNumber* 1
## Silent.Repeated..Readings 2
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 3
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 4
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 5
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 6
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 7
## skip 8
## n
## RandomNumber* 38
## Silent.Repeated..Readings 38
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 38
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 38
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 38
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 38
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 37
## skip 38
## mean
## RandomNumber* 19.50
## Silent.Repeated..Readings 19.50
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 3.08
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 2.92
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 2.76
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 18.50
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 15.08
## skip 1.00
## sd
## RandomNumber* 11.11
## Silent.Repeated..Readings 11.11
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 0.59
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 0.71
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 0.79
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 9.97
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 9.08
## skip 0.00
## median
## RandomNumber* 19.5
## Silent.Repeated..Readings 19.5
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 3.0
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 3.0
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 3.0
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 19.5
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 15.0
## skip 1.0
## trimmed
## RandomNumber* 19.50
## Silent.Repeated..Readings 19.50
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 3.09
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 2.91
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 2.78
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 18.59
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 15.06
## skip 1.00
## mad
## RandomNumber* 14.08
## Silent.Repeated..Readings 14.08
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 0.00
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 0.74
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 0.74
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 11.86
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 11.86
## skip 0.00
## min
## RandomNumber* 1
## Silent.Repeated..Readings 1
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 2
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 2
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 1
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 1
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 1
## skip 1
## max
## RandomNumber* 38
## Silent.Repeated..Readings 38
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 4
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 4
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 4
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 35
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 30
## skip 1
## range
## RandomNumber* 37
## Silent.Repeated..Readings 37
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 2
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 2
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 3
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 34
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 29
## skip 0
## skew
## RandomNumber* 0.00
## Silent.Repeated..Readings 0.00
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. -0.01
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 0.11
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. -0.23
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* -0.13
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 0.01
## skip NaN
## kurtosis
## RandomNumber* -1.30
## Silent.Repeated..Readings -1.30
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. -0.23
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. -1.08
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. -0.44
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* -1.24
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* -1.36
## skip NaN
## se
## RandomNumber* 1.80
## Silent.Repeated..Readings 1.80
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader. 0.10
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read. 0.12
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work. 0.13
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 1.62
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy.* 1.49
## skip 0.00print(ssv_full_df)## RandomNumber Repeated.Readings
## 1 ACD5EC73 1
## 2 F07BB044 2
## 3 47C10B7A 3
## 4 61EB42DD 4
## 5 C0CC45A3 5
## 6 6B7EEC6D 6
## 7 628D008E 7
## 8 6B259314 8
## 9 605C1FB8 9
## 10 9457C9C6 10
## 11 E73D0356 11
## 12 9556FCF4 12
## 13 4A88D4B6 13
## 14 5E90D60E 14
## 15 71DB5DEB 15
## 16 C153D989 16
## 17 BB3E8B95 17
## 18 E86480B4 18
## 19 1DCE3422 19
## 20 59288E7E 20
## 21 4ED0407D 21
## 22 0BAD04C0 22
## 23 C9E064B9 23
## 24 EB41F1BE 24
## 25 D210B4AD 25
## 26 9F38D591 26
## 27 EFE0D39F 27
## 28 E381C91A 28
## 29 E2829AD0 29
## 30 134A9580 30
## 31 59C3ADE3 NA
## 32 EEB297AA NA
## 33 0CEA9627 NA
## 34 93AFB334 NA
## 35 F3A03D5B NA
## 36 7AA1CAD0 NA
## 37 DCDFFD16 NA
## 38 89B60B3E NA
## 39 126F5438 NA
## 40 80D0AC96 NA
## 41 734FA000 NA
## 42 C289EF69 NA
## 43 56506392 NA
## 44 371C8C77 NA
## 45 17E5C43D NA
## 46 68B1E46A NA
## 47 B8F5521A NA
## 48 7F7C6A06 NA
## 49 F55D147E NA
## 50 88AAB231 NA
## 51 A0058E5C NA
## 52 4BEE3448 NA
## 53 CCBB799C NA
## 54 F5BE58A0 NA
## 55 A99DEEBA NA
## 56 6625B6F2 NA
## 57 66B78779 NA
## 58 D09DD3BE NA
## 59 932B7368 NA
## 60 88BE6860 NA
## 61 1E45FE3A NA
## 62 41E54CAE NA
## 63 0C01529C NA
## 64 5763DB23 NA
## 65 ECCC3E86 NA
## 66 2D4E1B72 NA
## 67 7984981B NA
## 68 89048ETA NA
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader..x
## 1 4
## 2 3
## 3 3
## 4 3
## 5 3
## 6 3
## 7 4
## 8 3
## 9 3
## 10 3
## 11 3
## 12 3
## 13 3
## 14 4
## 15 4
## 16 4
## 17 3
## 18 4
## 19 3
## 20 3
## 21 3
## 22 3
## 23 3
## 24 3
## 25 4
## 26 3
## 27 3
## 28 3
## 29 3
## 30 3
## 31 NA
## 32 NA
## 33 NA
## 34 NA
## 35 NA
## 36 NA
## 37 NA
## 38 NA
## 39 NA
## 40 NA
## 41 NA
## 42 NA
## 43 NA
## 44 NA
## 45 NA
## 46 NA
## 47 NA
## 48 NA
## 49 NA
## 50 NA
## 51 NA
## 52 NA
## 53 NA
## 54 NA
## 55 NA
## 56 NA
## 57 NA
## 58 NA
## 59 NA
## 60 NA
## 61 NA
## 62 NA
## 63 NA
## 64 NA
## 65 NA
## 66 NA
## 67 NA
## 68 NA
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read..x
## 1 4
## 2 4
## 3 4
## 4 3
## 5 3
## 6 4
## 7 4
## 8 3
## 9 3
## 10 3
## 11 3
## 12 3
## 13 4
## 14 3
## 15 3
## 16 4
## 17 4
## 18 4
## 19 3
## 20 3
## 21 3
## 22 3
## 23 3
## 24 3
## 25 4
## 26 3
## 27 4
## 28 3
## 29 3
## 30 3
## 31 NA
## 32 NA
## 33 NA
## 34 NA
## 35 NA
## 36 NA
## 37 NA
## 38 NA
## 39 NA
## 40 NA
## 41 NA
## 42 NA
## 43 NA
## 44 NA
## 45 NA
## 46 NA
## 47 NA
## 48 NA
## 49 NA
## 50 NA
## 51 NA
## 52 NA
## 53 NA
## 54 NA
## 55 NA
## 56 NA
## 57 NA
## 58 NA
## 59 NA
## 60 NA
## 61 NA
## 62 NA
## 63 NA
## 64 NA
## 65 NA
## 66 NA
## 67 NA
## 68 NA
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work..x
## 1 3
## 2 3
## 3 4
## 4 3
## 5 3
## 6 4
## 7 3
## 8 3
## 9 3
## 10 3
## 11 4
## 12 3
## 13 3
## 14 4
## 15 4
## 16 4
## 17 4
## 18 4
## 19 3
## 20 3
## 21 4
## 22 3
## 23 3
## 24 3
## 25 4
## 26 3
## 27 3
## 28 3
## 29 3
## 30 3
## 31 NA
## 32 NA
## 33 NA
## 34 NA
## 35 NA
## 36 NA
## 37 NA
## 38 NA
## 39 NA
## 40 NA
## 41 NA
## 42 NA
## 43 NA
## 44 NA
## 45 NA
## 46 NA
## 47 NA
## 48 NA
## 49 NA
## 50 NA
## 51 NA
## 52 NA
## 53 NA
## 54 NA
## 55 NA
## 56 NA
## 57 NA
## 58 NA
## 59 NA
## 60 NA
## 61 NA
## 62 NA
## 63 NA
## 64 NA
## 65 NA
## 66 NA
## 67 NA
## 68 NA
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy..x
## 1 Reading with a friend
## 2 It helped me read better.
## 3 I liked that each time I read I got faster.
## 4 Helped me remember my mistakes.
## 5 Reading with a partner
## 6 Reading together
## 7 The vocabulary and questions. I learn more.
## 8 The stories
## 9 It kept my mind occupied.
## 10 I liked reading to people.
## 11 It helped me to read to people and not be afraid of messing up
## 12 It helped me sound out words.
## 13 I got better and better each day.
## 14 I kept getting better.
## 15 Learning how to pronounce words
## 16 Reading with a friend
## 17 I got better each day
## 18 It helped me read better.
## 19 I liked the practices.
## 20 Practicing reading outloud
## 21 I liked making gains on the last read
## 22 It helped me read big words and helped me read better.
## 23 It helped me read faster.
## 24 I like the stories and being timed
## 25 Helped me understand new words
## 26 Read with a partner
## 27 I get to read
## 28 Reading with my friends
## 29 It helped me understand more
## 30 Each time I read I got faster
## 31 <NA>
## 32 <NA>
## 33 <NA>
## 34 <NA>
## 35 <NA>
## 36 <NA>
## 37 <NA>
## 38 <NA>
## 39 <NA>
## 40 <NA>
## 41 <NA>
## 42 <NA>
## 43 <NA>
## 44 <NA>
## 45 <NA>
## 46 <NA>
## 47 <NA>
## 48 <NA>
## 49 <NA>
## 50 <NA>
## 51 <NA>
## 52 <NA>
## 53 <NA>
## 54 <NA>
## 55 <NA>
## 56 <NA>
## 57 <NA>
## 58 <NA>
## 59 <NA>
## 60 <NA>
## 61 <NA>
## 62 <NA>
## 63 <NA>
## 64 <NA>
## 65 <NA>
## 66 <NA>
## 67 <NA>
## 68 <NA>
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy..x
## 1 Nothing
## 2 It took a lot of my time out of my time.
## 3 There were more hards words in the passages that was we reviewed.
## 4 Some of the stories were hard.
## 5 Reading the passage multiple times.
## 6 None
## 7 Some words were harder than others, but I didn't hate it because I learned new words.
## 8 Nothing
## 9 When I messed up reading
## 10 How many times I had to read and answering questions
## 11 Hard words that I can't pronounce.
## 12 It took a lot of time.
## 13 When I got a word wrong.
## 14 Nothing it helped me a lot.
## 15 Nothing
## 16 Reading it again and again
## 17 Nothing!
## 18 It took some time.
## 19 Reading it for 3 days
## 20 How long it takes
## 21 Reading it 3 times
## 22 The timer added stress.
## 23 Reading it 3 times.
## 24 Reading 3 times
## 25 Nothing
## 26 Nothing
## 27 I don't get a lot of time to read
## 28 Reading out loud
## 29 Reading
## 30 Nothing
## 31 <NA>
## 32 <NA>
## 33 <NA>
## 34 <NA>
## 35 <NA>
## 36 <NA>
## 37 <NA>
## 38 <NA>
## 39 <NA>
## 40 <NA>
## 41 <NA>
## 42 <NA>
## 43 <NA>
## 44 <NA>
## 45 <NA>
## 46 <NA>
## 47 <NA>
## 48 <NA>
## 49 <NA>
## 50 <NA>
## 51 <NA>
## 52 <NA>
## 53 <NA>
## 54 <NA>
## 55 <NA>
## 56 <NA>
## 57 <NA>
## 58 <NA>
## 59 <NA>
## 60 <NA>
## 61 <NA>
## 62 <NA>
## 63 <NA>
## 64 <NA>
## 65 <NA>
## 66 <NA>
## 67 <NA>
## 68 <NA>
## Note....1...Strongly.Disagree..2...Disagree..3...Agree..4...Strongly.Agree
## 1 NA
## 2 NA
## 3 NA
## 4 NA
## 5 NA
## 6 NA
## 7 NA
## 8 NA
## 9 NA
## 10 NA
## 11 NA
## 12 NA
## 13 NA
## 14 NA
## 15 NA
## 16 NA
## 17 NA
## 18 NA
## 19 NA
## 20 NA
## 21 NA
## 22 NA
## 23 NA
## 24 NA
## 25 NA
## 26 NA
## 27 NA
## 28 NA
## 29 NA
## 30 NA
## 31 NA
## 32 NA
## 33 NA
## 34 NA
## 35 NA
## 36 NA
## 37 NA
## 38 NA
## 39 NA
## 40 NA
## 41 NA
## 42 NA
## 43 NA
## 44 NA
## 45 NA
## 46 NA
## 47 NA
## 48 NA
## 49 NA
## 50 NA
## 51 NA
## 52 NA
## 53 NA
## 54 NA
## 55 NA
## 56 NA
## 57 NA
## 58 NA
## 59 NA
## 60 NA
## 61 NA
## 62 NA
## 63 NA
## 64 NA
## 65 NA
## 66 NA
## 67 NA
## 68 NA
## Silent.Repeated..Readings
## 1 NA
## 2 NA
## 3 NA
## 4 NA
## 5 NA
## 6 NA
## 7 NA
## 8 NA
## 9 NA
## 10 NA
## 11 NA
## 12 NA
## 13 NA
## 14 NA
## 15 NA
## 16 NA
## 17 NA
## 18 NA
## 19 NA
## 20 NA
## 21 NA
## 22 NA
## 23 NA
## 24 NA
## 25 NA
## 26 NA
## 27 NA
## 28 NA
## 29 NA
## 30 NA
## 31 1
## 32 2
## 33 3
## 34 4
## 35 5
## 36 6
## 37 7
## 38 8
## 39 9
## 40 10
## 41 11
## 42 12
## 43 13
## 44 14
## 45 15
## 46 16
## 47 17
## 48 18
## 49 19
## 50 20
## 51 21
## 52 22
## 53 23
## 54 24
## 55 25
## 56 26
## 57 27
## 58 28
## 59 29
## 60 30
## 61 31
## 62 32
## 63 33
## 64 34
## 65 35
## 66 36
## 67 37
## 68 38
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.become.a.more.fluent.reader..y
## 1 NA
## 2 NA
## 3 NA
## 4 NA
## 5 NA
## 6 NA
## 7 NA
## 8 NA
## 9 NA
## 10 NA
## 11 NA
## 12 NA
## 13 NA
## 14 NA
## 15 NA
## 16 NA
## 17 NA
## 18 NA
## 19 NA
## 20 NA
## 21 NA
## 22 NA
## 23 NA
## 24 NA
## 25 NA
## 26 NA
## 27 NA
## 28 NA
## 29 NA
## 30 NA
## 31 3
## 32 4
## 33 3
## 34 3
## 35 3
## 36 4
## 37 4
## 38 2
## 39 3
## 40 3
## 41 3
## 42 3
## 43 2
## 44 3
## 45 4
## 46 4
## 47 3
## 48 3
## 49 3
## 50 3
## 51 3
## 52 2
## 53 3
## 54 2
## 55 3
## 56 3
## 57 3
## 58 3
## 59 3
## 60 4
## 61 4
## 62 3
## 63 3
## 64 3
## 65 3
## 66 3
## 67 4
## 68 2
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.helped.you.understand.what.you.read..y
## 1 NA
## 2 NA
## 3 NA
## 4 NA
## 5 NA
## 6 NA
## 7 NA
## 8 NA
## 9 NA
## 10 NA
## 11 NA
## 12 NA
## 13 NA
## 14 NA
## 15 NA
## 16 NA
## 17 NA
## 18 NA
## 19 NA
## 20 NA
## 21 NA
## 22 NA
## 23 NA
## 24 NA
## 25 NA
## 26 NA
## 27 NA
## 28 NA
## 29 NA
## 30 NA
## 31 4
## 32 3
## 33 4
## 34 2
## 35 2
## 36 4
## 37 3
## 38 3
## 39 4
## 40 4
## 41 4
## 42 3
## 43 3
## 44 2
## 45 3
## 46 2
## 47 2
## 48 2
## 49 4
## 50 3
## 51 2
## 52 3
## 53 2
## 54 2
## 55 3
## 56 3
## 57 2
## 58 4
## 59 3
## 60 3
## 61 3
## 62 2
## 63 3
## 64 3
## 65 3
## 66 3
## 67 3
## 68 3
## Do.you.feel.that.using.the.reading.fluency.strategy.will.help.you.in.your.school.work..y
## 1 NA
## 2 NA
## 3 NA
## 4 NA
## 5 NA
## 6 NA
## 7 NA
## 8 NA
## 9 NA
## 10 NA
## 11 NA
## 12 NA
## 13 NA
## 14 NA
## 15 NA
## 16 NA
## 17 NA
## 18 NA
## 19 NA
## 20 NA
## 21 NA
## 22 NA
## 23 NA
## 24 NA
## 25 NA
## 26 NA
## 27 NA
## 28 NA
## 29 NA
## 30 NA
## 31 4
## 32 3
## 33 2
## 34 3
## 35 3
## 36 2
## 37 4
## 38 4
## 39 2
## 40 3
## 41 3
## 42 3
## 43 2
## 44 3
## 45 3
## 46 3
## 47 2
## 48 2
## 49 3
## 50 3
## 51 2
## 52 3
## 53 3
## 54 1
## 55 3
## 56 4
## 57 1
## 58 4
## 59 3
## 60 3
## 61 3
## 62 3
## 63 3
## 64 2
## 65 2
## 66 2
## 67 4
## 68 2
## What.did.you.like.most.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy..y
## 1 <NA>
## 2 <NA>
## 3 <NA>
## 4 <NA>
## 5 <NA>
## 6 <NA>
## 7 <NA>
## 8 <NA>
## 9 <NA>
## 10 <NA>
## 11 <NA>
## 12 <NA>
## 13 <NA>
## 14 <NA>
## 15 <NA>
## 16 <NA>
## 17 <NA>
## 18 <NA>
## 19 <NA>
## 20 <NA>
## 21 <NA>
## 22 <NA>
## 23 <NA>
## 24 <NA>
## 25 <NA>
## 26 <NA>
## 27 <NA>
## 28 <NA>
## 29 <NA>
## 30 <NA>
## 31 It helped me
## 32 Reading the stories
## 33 The passages
## 34 It was easy
## 35 I liked reading
## 36 I could understand the words better
## 37 Reading different stories each week
## 38 It helped me learn
## 39 It made me read a lot more than before
## 40 Reading
## 41 Getting better at reading
## 42 Nothing
## 43 That I get paid
## 44 Reading
## 45 The stories helped me with other classes
## 46 It was fun. I liked the race method.
## 47 The race
## 48 Taking notes about each passage
## 49 Not sure
## 50 I can read a little bit faster
## 51 I got better at reading
## 52 When I have to figure out a word
## 53 I get to read the stories in my head
## 54 Nothing
## 55 It helped me with reading
## 56 It helped in in my other classes
## 57 I like tracking how much I read
## 58 I liked it all
## 59 I like to read faster
## 60 It was fun.
## 61 It made me think about what I read
## 62 The money in the end
## 63 I can read better than before
## 64 Nothing
## 65 I liked the stories
## 66 It made me read more calmer and better
## 67 We read 3 times
## 68 I liked that the passages went along with what we were reading in ELA
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.reading.fluency.strategy..y skip
## 1 <NA> NA
## 2 <NA> NA
## 3 <NA> NA
## 4 <NA> NA
## 5 <NA> NA
## 6 <NA> NA
## 7 <NA> NA
## 8 <NA> NA
## 9 <NA> NA
## 10 <NA> NA
## 11 <NA> NA
## 12 <NA> NA
## 13 <NA> NA
## 14 <NA> NA
## 15 <NA> NA
## 16 <NA> NA
## 17 <NA> NA
## 18 <NA> NA
## 19 <NA> NA
## 20 <NA> NA
## 21 <NA> NA
## 22 <NA> NA
## 23 <NA> NA
## 24 <NA> NA
## 25 <NA> NA
## 26 <NA> NA
## 27 <NA> NA
## 28 <NA> NA
## 29 <NA> NA
## 30 <NA> NA
## 31 Reading 3 times 1
## 32 Answering the questions 1
## 33 Having to write more than one word for the questions 1
## 34 Answering questions 1
## 35 Too long 1
## 36 Reading it 3 times, but it helped me. 1
## 37 Answering questions 1
## 38 Reading it lots of times 1
## 39 Repeating and repeating 1
## 40 Sitting there 1
## 41 Sitting there 1
## 42 Nothing 1
## 43 Why do we have to read it 3 times? 1
## 44 Doing it 3 times 1
## 45 Reading it so many times. 1
## 46 Reading it 3 times. 1
## 47 Reading it a lot 1
## 48 I'm not sure 1
## 49 Not sure 1
## 50 I have to do it 3 times a week 1
## 51 Having to read, but I need it. 1
## 52 Answering the questions 1
## 53 I'm not sure 1
## 54 Everything 1
## 55 Not being able to read out loud. It helps me when I read out loud. 1
## 56 Having to reread it 1
## 57 <NA> 1
## 58 I liked it all 1
## 59 I didn't have a fidgit 1
## 60 Reading in the middle of class. 1
## 61 Having to read every week, but I wish I could do it again. 1
## 62 Reading 1
## 63 Answering questions at the end 1
## 64 Everything 1
## 65 Reading it so many times. 1
## 66 Reading the same passage 1
## 67 Nothing 1
## 68 Having to read multiple times 1#view(dfSummary(ssv_full_df))
# Get means and SDs for each item
student_summary <- ssv_full_df %>%
select(contains("Do.you.feel")) %>%
summarise_all(list(mean = ~mean(., na.rm = TRUE), sd = ~sd(., na.rm = TRUE)))#Social Validity for Teachers—————
#merge datasets into MasterDataset
#Sheet 3
tsv_rr_df <- data.frame(read_excel(path=here("Reading Fluency Data Set NEW.xlsx"), sheet="Teacher Social Validity RR"))## New names:
## • `` -> `...13`sapply(tsv_rr_df , class)## TeacherNumberRR
## "numeric"
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student.
## "numeric"
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students.
## "numeric"
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver
## "numeric"
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.
## "numeric"
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.
## "numeric"
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students.
## "numeric"
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students.
## "numeric"
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.
## "character"
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.
## "character"
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.
## "character"
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.
## "character"
## ...13
## "character"tsv_rr_df$TeacherNumberRR = as.factor(tsv_rr_df$TeacherNumberRR)
#Split this into two datasets
#Sheet 4
tsv_srr_df <- data.frame(read_excel(path=here("Reading Fluency Data Set NEW.xlsx"), sheet="Teacher Social Validity SRR"),skip = 1)
sapply(tsv_srr_df, class)## TeacherNumberSRR
## "numeric"
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student.
## "character"
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students.
## "numeric"
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver
## "numeric"
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.
## "numeric"
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.
## "character"
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students.
## "numeric"
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students.
## "numeric"
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.
## "character"
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.
## "character"
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.
## "character"
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.
## "character"
## skip
## "numeric"tsv_srr_df$TeacherNumberSRR = as.factor(tsv_srr_df$TeacherNumberSRR)
#Teacher descriptives - teachers were not matched and only 8 of the Silent Repeated Reading and 6 of the Repeated Reading Plus answered.
describe(tsv_rr_df)## vars
## TeacherNumberRR* 1
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student. 2
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 3
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 4
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 5
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 6
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 7
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 8
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 9
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 10
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 11
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 12
## ...13* 13
## n
## TeacherNumberRR* 6
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student. 6
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 6
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 6
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 6
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 6
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 6
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 6
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 6
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 6
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 6
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 6
## ...13* 1
## mean
## TeacherNumberRR* 3.50
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student. 3.17
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 3.33
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 3.33
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 3.33
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 3.00
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 3.67
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 3.17
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 3.50
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 3.50
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 3.50
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 3.50
## ...13* 1.00
## sd
## TeacherNumberRR* 1.87
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student. 0.41
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 0.52
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 0.52
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 0.52
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 0.63
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 0.52
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 0.41
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 1.87
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 1.87
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 1.87
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 1.87
## ...13* NA
## median
## TeacherNumberRR* 3.5
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student. 3.0
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 3.0
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 3.0
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 3.0
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 3.0
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 4.0
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 3.0
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 3.5
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 3.5
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 3.5
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 3.5
## ...13* 1.0
## trimmed
## TeacherNumberRR* 3.50
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student. 3.17
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 3.33
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 3.33
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 3.33
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 3.00
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 3.67
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 3.17
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 3.50
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 3.50
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 3.50
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 3.50
## ...13* 1.00
## mad
## TeacherNumberRR* 2.22
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student. 0.00
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 0.00
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 0.00
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 0.00
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 0.00
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 0.00
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 0.00
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 2.22
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 2.22
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 2.22
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 2.22
## ...13* 0.00
## min
## TeacherNumberRR* 1
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student. 3
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 3
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 3
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 3
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 2
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 3
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 3
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 1
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 1
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 1
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 1
## ...13* 1
## max
## TeacherNumberRR* 6
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student. 4
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 4
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 4
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 4
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 4
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 4
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 4
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 6
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 6
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 6
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 6
## ...13* 1
## range
## TeacherNumberRR* 5
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student. 1
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 1
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 1
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 1
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 2
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 1
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 1
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 5
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 5
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 5
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 5
## ...13* 0
## skew
## TeacherNumberRR* 0.00
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student. 1.36
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 0.54
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 0.54
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 0.54
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 0.00
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. -0.54
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 1.36
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 0.00
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 0.00
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 0.00
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 0.00
## ...13* NA
## kurtosis
## TeacherNumberRR* -1.80
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student. -0.08
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. -1.96
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver -1.96
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. -1.96
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. -0.92
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. -1.96
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. -0.08
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* -1.80
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* -1.80
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* -1.80
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* -1.80
## ...13* NA
## se
## TeacherNumberRR* 0.76
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student. 0.17
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 0.21
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 0.21
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 0.21
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 0.26
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 0.21
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 0.17
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 0.76
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 0.76
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 0.76
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 0.76
## ...13* NAdescribe(tsv_srr_df)## vars
## TeacherNumberSRR* 1
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student.* 2
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 3
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 4
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 5
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.* 6
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 7
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 8
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 9
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 10
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 11
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 12
## skip 13
## n
## TeacherNumberSRR* 8
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student.* 8
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 8
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 8
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 8
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.* 8
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 8
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 8
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 8
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 8
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 8
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 8
## skip 8
## mean
## TeacherNumberSRR* 4.50
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student.* 2.38
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 3.38
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 3.50
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 3.00
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.* 2.00
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 3.12
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 3.00
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 4.50
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 4.50
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 4.50
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 3.88
## skip 1.00
## sd
## TeacherNumberSRR* 2.45
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student.* 1.06
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 0.52
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 0.53
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 0.93
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.* 1.20
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 0.35
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 0.53
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 2.45
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 2.45
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 2.45
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 2.03
## skip 0.00
## median
## TeacherNumberSRR* 4.5
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student.* 2.5
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 3.0
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 3.5
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 3.0
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.* 1.5
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 3.0
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 3.0
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 4.5
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 4.5
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 4.5
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 3.5
## skip 1.0
## trimmed
## TeacherNumberSRR* 4.50
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student.* 2.38
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 3.38
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 3.50
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 3.00
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.* 2.00
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 3.12
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 3.00
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 4.50
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 4.50
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 4.50
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 3.88
## skip 1.00
## mad
## TeacherNumberSRR* 2.97
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student.* 0.74
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 0.00
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 0.74
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 1.48
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.* 0.74
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 0.00
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 0.00
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 2.97
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 2.97
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 2.97
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 2.22
## skip 0.00
## min
## TeacherNumberSRR* 1
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student.* 1
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 3
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 3
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 2
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.* 1
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 3
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 2
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 1
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 1
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 1
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 1
## skip 1
## max
## TeacherNumberSRR* 8
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student.* 4
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 4
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 4
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 4
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.* 4
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 4
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 4
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 8
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 8
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 8
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 7
## skip 1
## range
## TeacherNumberSRR* 7
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student.* 3
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 1
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 1
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 2
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.* 3
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 1
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 2
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 7
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 7
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 7
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 6
## skip 0
## skew
## TeacherNumberSRR* 0.00
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student.* -0.03
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 0.42
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 0.00
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 0.00
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.* 0.44
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 1.86
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 0.00
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 0.00
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 0.00
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 0.00
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 0.15
## skip NaN
## kurtosis
## TeacherNumberSRR* -1.65
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student.* -1.56
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. -2.03
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver -2.23
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. -1.98
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.* -1.65
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 1.70
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 0.06
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* -1.65
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* -1.65
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* -1.65
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* -1.54
## skip NaN
## se
## TeacherNumberSRR* 0.87
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student.* 0.37
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 0.18
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 0.19
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 0.33
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.* 0.42
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 0.12
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 0.19
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 0.87
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 0.87
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 0.87
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 0.72
## skip 0.00tsv_rr_sum = psych::describe(tsv_rr_df)
tsv_rr_sum ## vars
## TeacherNumberRR* 1
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student. 2
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 3
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 4
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 5
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 6
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 7
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 8
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 9
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 10
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 11
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 12
## ...13* 13
## n
## TeacherNumberRR* 6
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student. 6
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 6
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 6
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 6
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 6
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 6
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 6
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 6
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 6
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 6
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 6
## ...13* 1
## mean
## TeacherNumberRR* 3.50
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student. 3.17
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 3.33
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 3.33
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 3.33
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 3.00
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 3.67
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 3.17
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 3.50
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 3.50
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 3.50
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 3.50
## ...13* 1.00
## sd
## TeacherNumberRR* 1.87
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student. 0.41
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 0.52
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 0.52
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 0.52
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 0.63
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 0.52
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 0.41
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 1.87
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 1.87
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 1.87
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 1.87
## ...13* NA
## median
## TeacherNumberRR* 3.5
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student. 3.0
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 3.0
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 3.0
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 3.0
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 3.0
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 4.0
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 3.0
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 3.5
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 3.5
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 3.5
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 3.5
## ...13* 1.0
## trimmed
## TeacherNumberRR* 3.50
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student. 3.17
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 3.33
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 3.33
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 3.33
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 3.00
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 3.67
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 3.17
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 3.50
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 3.50
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 3.50
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 3.50
## ...13* 1.00
## mad
## TeacherNumberRR* 2.22
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student. 0.00
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 0.00
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 0.00
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 0.00
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 0.00
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 0.00
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 0.00
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 2.22
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 2.22
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 2.22
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 2.22
## ...13* 0.00
## min
## TeacherNumberRR* 1
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student. 3
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 3
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 3
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 3
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 2
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 3
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 3
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 1
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 1
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 1
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 1
## ...13* 1
## max
## TeacherNumberRR* 6
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student. 4
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 4
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 4
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 4
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 4
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 4
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 4
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 6
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 6
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 6
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 6
## ...13* 1
## range
## TeacherNumberRR* 5
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student. 1
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 1
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 1
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 1
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 2
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 1
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 1
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 5
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 5
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 5
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 5
## ...13* 0
## skew
## TeacherNumberRR* 0.00
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student. 1.36
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 0.54
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 0.54
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 0.54
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 0.00
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. -0.54
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 1.36
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 0.00
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 0.00
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 0.00
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 0.00
## ...13* NA
## kurtosis
## TeacherNumberRR* -1.80
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student. -0.08
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. -1.96
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver -1.96
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. -1.96
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. -0.92
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. -1.96
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. -0.08
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* -1.80
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* -1.80
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* -1.80
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* -1.80
## ...13* NA
## se
## TeacherNumberRR* 0.76
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student. 0.17
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 0.21
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 0.21
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 0.21
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 0.26
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 0.21
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 0.17
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 0.76
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 0.76
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 0.76
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 0.76
## ...13* NAtsv_srr_sum = psych::describe(tsv_srr_df)
tsv_srr_sum ## vars
## TeacherNumberSRR* 1
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student.* 2
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 3
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 4
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 5
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.* 6
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 7
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 8
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 9
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 10
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 11
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 12
## skip 13
## n
## TeacherNumberSRR* 8
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student.* 8
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 8
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 8
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 8
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.* 8
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 8
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 8
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 8
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 8
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 8
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 8
## skip 8
## mean
## TeacherNumberSRR* 4.50
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student.* 2.38
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 3.38
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 3.50
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 3.00
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.* 2.00
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 3.12
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 3.00
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 4.50
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 4.50
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 4.50
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 3.88
## skip 1.00
## sd
## TeacherNumberSRR* 2.45
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student.* 1.06
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 0.52
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 0.53
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 0.93
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.* 1.20
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 0.35
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 0.53
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 2.45
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 2.45
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 2.45
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 2.03
## skip 0.00
## median
## TeacherNumberSRR* 4.5
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student.* 2.5
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 3.0
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 3.5
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 3.0
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.* 1.5
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 3.0
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 3.0
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 4.5
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 4.5
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 4.5
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 3.5
## skip 1.0
## trimmed
## TeacherNumberSRR* 4.50
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student.* 2.38
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 3.38
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 3.50
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 3.00
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.* 2.00
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 3.12
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 3.00
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 4.50
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 4.50
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 4.50
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 3.88
## skip 1.00
## mad
## TeacherNumberSRR* 2.97
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student.* 0.74
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 0.00
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 0.74
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 1.48
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.* 0.74
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 0.00
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 0.00
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 2.97
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 2.97
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 2.97
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 2.22
## skip 0.00
## min
## TeacherNumberSRR* 1
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student.* 1
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 3
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 3
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 2
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.* 1
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 3
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 2
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 1
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 1
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 1
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 1
## skip 1
## max
## TeacherNumberSRR* 8
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student.* 4
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 4
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 4
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 4
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.* 4
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 4
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 4
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 8
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 8
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 8
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 7
## skip 1
## range
## TeacherNumberSRR* 7
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student.* 3
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 1
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 1
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 2
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.* 3
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 1
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 2
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 7
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 7
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 7
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 6
## skip 0
## skew
## TeacherNumberSRR* 0.00
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student.* -0.03
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 0.42
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 0.00
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 0.00
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.* 0.44
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 1.86
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 0.00
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 0.00
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 0.00
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 0.00
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 0.15
## skip NaN
## kurtosis
## TeacherNumberSRR* -1.65
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student.* -1.56
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. -2.03
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver -2.23
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. -1.98
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.* -1.65
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 1.70
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 0.06
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* -1.65
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* -1.65
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* -1.65
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* -1.54
## skip NaN
## se
## TeacherNumberSRR* 0.87
## The.intervention.was.successful.in.engaging.the.student.* 0.37
## The.readings.used.in.this.study.were.appropriate.for.the.students. 0.18
## The.intervention.was.easy.to.deliver 0.19
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.fluency.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention. 0.33
## I.noticed.meaningful.increases.in.the.students..reading.comprehension.after.the.implementation.of.the.intervention.* 0.42
## The.intervention.is.important.and.appropriate.my.students. 0.12
## I.will.continue.to.use.this.intervention.with.my.students. 0.19
## What.did.you.like.about.the.intervention.* 0.87
## What.worked.well.with.the.intervention.* 0.87
## What.did.you.like.least.about.the.intervention.* 0.87
## What.did.not.work.well.with.the.intervention.* 0.72
## skip 0.00