CenterStone Treatments

PHQ-2

The Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) is a brief, validated screening tool used to assess the frequency of depressive symptoms over the past two weeks. It is often used in primary care and mental health settings as an initial step in identifying individuals who may be experiencing depression.

Items in the PHQ-2

The PHQ-2 consists of two questions, each scored on a 4-point Likert scale:

  1. Little interest or pleasure in doing things

  2. Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless

Scoring

Respondents are asked to rate how often they’ve experienced these symptoms in the past two weeks:

  • 0 = Not at all
  • 1 = Several days
  • 2 = More than half the days
  • 3 = Nearly every day

The scores for the two items are then summed for a total score ranging from 0 to 6.

Interpreting the Scores

  • 0-2: Likely negative for major depression
  • 3 or higher: Indicates a need for further evaluation, often with a more comprehensive tool like the PHQ-9 to assess the full spectrum of depression severity
Proportion of Individuals by PHQ-2 Category
PHQ-2 Category Sample Size Proportion (%)
0-2 3 2.56
3+ 66 56.41
NA 48 41.03

Brief Suicide Cognitions Scale (BSCS)

The BSCS is a brief, validated screening tool designed to assess core cognitive patterns associated with suicidal ideation. It helps identify individuals at elevated risk by focusing on the negative thoughts and beliefs that often underlie suicidal thinking. It is commonly used in mental health settings as an initial assessment to guide further evaluation and intervention.

Items in the BSCS

The BSCS consists of several items that assess suicidal cognitions, such as:

  1. Feeling hopeless about the future
  2. Believing one is a burden to others
  3. Feeling disconnected or isolated from others

Scoring

Respondents rate the extent to which they agree with each item on a 5-point Likert scale:

  • 0 = Not at all
  • 1 = A little bit
  • 2 = Moderately
  • 3 = Quite a bit
  • 4 = Extremely

The scores are summed for a total score, with higher scores indicating a greater risk for suicidal ideation.

Interpreting the Scores

  • 0-4: Low risk for suicidal ideation
  • 5-12: Moderate risk, consider further assessment
  • 13 or higher: High risk, immediate intervention recommended

Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS)

The SWEMWBS is a brief, validated screening tool used to assess an individual’s mental wellbeing over the past two weeks. It focuses on positive aspects of mental health, including psychological functioning and emotional wellbeing. It is often used in healthcare, research, and community settings to measure changes in wellbeing over time.

Items in the SWEMWBS

The SWEMWBS consists of 7 positively worded statements, each scored on a 5-point Likert scale:

  1. I’ve been feeling optimistic about the future
  2. I’ve been feeling useful
  3. I’ve been feeling relaxed
  4. I’ve been dealing with problems well
  5. I’ve been thinking clearly
  6. I’ve been feeling close to other people
  7. I’ve been able to make up my own mind about things

Scoring

Respondents are asked to rate how often they have experienced these feelings over the past two weeks:

  • 1 = None of the time
  • 2 = Rarely
  • 3 = Some of the time
  • 4 = Often
  • 5 = All of the time

The scores for the seven items are then summed, resulting in a total score ranging from 7 to 35.

Interpreting the Scores

Higher scores indicate greater mental wellbeing. While there are no strict clinical cut-offs, scores can be used to monitor individual progress or to identify those who may benefit from further mental health support.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)

The PCL-5 is a brief, validated screening tool used to assess the presence and severity of PTSD symptoms based on the DSM-5 criteria. It is commonly used in clinical, research, and primary care settings to identify individuals who may be experiencing posttraumatic stress disorder and to monitor symptom changes over time.

Items in the PCL-5

The PCL-5 consists of 20 items that assess the four clusters of PTSD symptoms:

  1. Re-experiencing (e.g., intrusive thoughts, nightmares)
  2. Avoidance (e.g., avoiding reminders of the trauma)
  3. Negative alterations in cognition and mood (e.g., negative beliefs about oneself or others)
  4. Hyperarousal (e.g., irritability, hypervigilance)

Scoring

Respondents are asked to rate how much they have been bothered by each symptom in the past month, using a 5-point Likert scale:

  • 0 = Not at all
  • 1 = A little bit
  • 2 = Moderately
  • 3 = Quite a bit
  • 4 = Extremely

The total score ranges from 0 to 80, with higher scores indicating more severe PTSD symptoms.

Interpreting the Scores

  • 0-20: Minimal symptoms
  • 21-40: Moderate symptoms, may benefit from monitoring or brief intervention
  • 41-60: Significant symptoms, likely meets criteria for PTSD, further assessment recommended
  • 61-80: Severe symptoms, likely PTSD, immediate intervention recommended

Treatment Plan Analysis

Combined Treatment Summary Table
Treatment Type Average Sessions Sample Size % Clients
ACT 6 4 3
BCBT-S 12 1 1
CAMS 7 11 9
CBT 7 35 30
DBT 9 5 4
EFBT 10 1 1
EFT 5 1 1
EMDR 7 2 2
N/A 0 40 34
Narrative Therapy 12 1 1
REBT 11 1 1
SFBT 11 13 11
SRST 11 1 1
TF-CBT 12 1 1
Average Number of Sessions by PHQ-2 Category
PHQ-2 Category Sample Size Average Sessions
0-2 3 2
3+ 66 5
NA 48 6
Average Number of Sessions by BSCS Risk Category
BSCS Risk Category Sample Size Average Sessions
Moderate risk, consider further assessment (5-12) 24 4
High risk, immediate intervention recommended (13+) 90 6
NA 3 4
Average Number of Sessions by PCL-5 Symptom Category
PCL-5 Symptom Category Sample Size Average Sessions
Minimal symptoms (0-20) 7 10
Moderate symptoms, may benefit from monitoring or brief intervention (21-40) 28 5
Significant symptoms, likely meets criteria for PTSD, further assessment recommended (41-60) 44 5
Severe symptoms, likely PTSD, immediate intervention recommended (61-80) 29 6
NA 9 2
Average Number of Sessions by SWEM Category
SWEM Category Sample Size Average Sessions
7-14 34 5
15-21 60 6
22-28 16 5
NA 7 3