Wheather event types and and their consequences on health and economy based on the U.S. NOAA storm database
lntimp
2025-05-28
Synopsis
In this brief analysis of the U.S. NOAA storm database, the tornado seems to have the largest effects on population health and economic consequences, calculated as the total sum of fatalities and injuries (health) or the total sum of property and crop damage (economy). Next are excessive heat and thunderstorm winds for heatlh effects, and flash floods and thunderstorm winds for economy effects.
knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE)##Data processing
1. Load the data into “StormData”
StormData <- read.csv("repdata_data_StormData.csv")2. Explore the data
head(StormData)## STATE__ BGN_DATE BGN_TIME TIME_ZONE COUNTY COUNTYNAME STATE EVTYPE
## 1 1 4/18/1950 0:00:00 0130 CST 97 MOBILE AL TORNADO
## 2 1 4/18/1950 0:00:00 0145 CST 3 BALDWIN AL TORNADO
## 3 1 2/20/1951 0:00:00 1600 CST 57 FAYETTE AL TORNADO
## 4 1 6/8/1951 0:00:00 0900 CST 89 MADISON AL TORNADO
## 5 1 11/15/1951 0:00:00 1500 CST 43 CULLMAN AL TORNADO
## 6 1 11/15/1951 0:00:00 2000 CST 77 LAUDERDALE AL TORNADO
## BGN_RANGE BGN_AZI BGN_LOCATI END_DATE END_TIME COUNTY_END COUNTYENDN
## 1 0 0 NA
## 2 0 0 NA
## 3 0 0 NA
## 4 0 0 NA
## 5 0 0 NA
## 6 0 0 NA
## END_RANGE END_AZI END_LOCATI LENGTH WIDTH F MAG FATALITIES INJURIES PROPDMG
## 1 0 14.0 100 3 0 0 15 25.0
## 2 0 2.0 150 2 0 0 0 2.5
## 3 0 0.1 123 2 0 0 2 25.0
## 4 0 0.0 100 2 0 0 2 2.5
## 5 0 0.0 150 2 0 0 2 2.5
## 6 0 1.5 177 2 0 0 6 2.5
## PROPDMGEXP CROPDMG CROPDMGEXP WFO STATEOFFIC ZONENAMES LATITUDE LONGITUDE
## 1 K 0 3040 8812
## 2 K 0 3042 8755
## 3 K 0 3340 8742
## 4 K 0 3458 8626
## 5 K 0 3412 8642
## 6 K 0 3450 8748
## LATITUDE_E LONGITUDE_ REMARKS REFNUM
## 1 3051 8806 1
## 2 0 0 2
## 3 0 0 3
## 4 0 0 4
## 5 0 0 5
## 6 0 0 6colnames(StormData)## [1] "STATE__" "BGN_DATE" "BGN_TIME" "TIME_ZONE" "COUNTY"
## [6] "COUNTYNAME" "STATE" "EVTYPE" "BGN_RANGE" "BGN_AZI"
## [11] "BGN_LOCATI" "END_DATE" "END_TIME" "COUNTY_END" "COUNTYENDN"
## [16] "END_RANGE" "END_AZI" "END_LOCATI" "LENGTH" "WIDTH"
## [21] "F" "MAG" "FATALITIES" "INJURIES" "PROPDMG"
## [26] "PROPDMGEXP" "CROPDMG" "CROPDMGEXP" "WFO" "STATEOFFIC"
## [31] "ZONENAMES" "LATITUDE" "LONGITUDE" "LATITUDE_E" "LONGITUDE_"
## [36] "REMARKS" "REFNUM"table(is.na(StormData))##
## FALSE TRUE
## 31639042 17459473. Explore required variables
class(StormData$EVTYPE)## [1] "character"length(unique(StormData$EVTYPE))## [1] 985class(StormData$FATALITIES)## [1] "numeric"class(StormData$INJURIES)## [1] "numeric"class(StormData$PROPDMG)## [1] "numeric"class(StormData$PROPDMGEXP)## [1] "character"unique(StormData$PROPDMGEXP)## [1] "K" "M" "" "B" "m" "+" "0" "5" "6" "?" "4" "2" "3" "h" "7" "H" "-" "1" "8"class(StormData$CROPDMG)## [1] "numeric"class(StormData$CROPDMGEXP)## [1] "character"unique(StormData$CROPDMGEXP)## [1] "" "M" "K" "m" "B" "?" "0" "k" "2"In order to investigate population health, we probably require the variables FATALITIES and INJURIES. In order to investigate economic consequences, we probably require the variables PROPDMG and CROPDMG.
mean(StormData$INJURIES)## [1] 0.1557447median(StormData$INJURIES)## [1] 0mean(StormData$FATALITIES)## [1] 0.01678494median(StormData$FATALITIES)## [1] 0nrow(subset(StormData, INJURIES != 0))## [1] 17604nrow(subset(StormData, FATALITIES != 0))## [1] 6974nrow(subset(StormData, INJURIES != 0 & FATALITIES != 0))## [1] 2649mean(StormData$PROPDMG)## [1] 12.0631median(StormData$PROPDMG)## [1] 0mean(StormData$PROPDMG)## [1] 12.0631median(StormData$PROPDMG)## [1] 0nrow(subset(StormData, PROPDMG != 0))## [1] 239174nrow(subset(StormData, CROPDMG != 0))## [1] 22099nrow(subset(StormData, PROPDMG != 0 & CROPDMG != 0))## [1] 16242As the median of the variables FATALITIES, INJURIES, PROPDMG and CROPDMG is 0, there are a lot of rows with value 0.
4. Make new variable (health) that combines INJURIES and FATALITIES in a new dataset and sort the datasets in descending order based on INJURIES, FATALITIES or health.
By combining these variables, we can get a sense of the overall effect on health. By sorting the datasets in descending order, the individual events with the highest health effects end up on top.
library(tidyverse)## Warning: package 'tidyverse' was built under R version 4.2.3## Warning: package 'ggplot2' was built under R version 4.2.3## Warning: package 'tibble' was built under R version 4.2.3## Warning: package 'tidyr' was built under R version 4.2.3## Warning: package 'readr' was built under R version 4.2.3## Warning: package 'purrr' was built under R version 4.2.3## Warning: package 'dplyr' was built under R version 4.2.3## Warning: package 'stringr' was built under R version 4.2.3## Warning: package 'forcats' was built under R version 4.2.3## ── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
## ✔ dplyr 1.1.4 ✔ readr 2.1.5
## ✔ forcats 1.0.0 ✔ stringr 1.5.1
## ✔ ggplot2 3.5.1 ✔ tibble 3.2.1
## ✔ lubridate 1.9.4 ✔ tidyr 1.3.1
## ✔ purrr 1.0.2
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
## ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errorsStormData_health <- StormData %>% mutate(health = StormData$INJURIES + StormData$FATALITIES)
StormData_health <- StormData_health %>% arrange(desc(health))
head(StormData_health) ## STATE__ BGN_DATE BGN_TIME TIME_ZONE COUNTY COUNTYNAME STATE
## 1 48 4/10/1979 0:00:00 1755 CST 485 WICHITA TX
## 2 39 2/8/1994 0:00:00 0500 EST 0 OHZ42>088 OH
## 3 25 6/9/1953 0:00:00 1425 CST 27 WORCESTER MA
## 4 29 5/22/2011 0:00:00 04:40:00 PM CST 97 JASPER MO
## 5 39 4/3/1974 0:00:00 1330 CST 57 GREENE OH
## 6 26 6/8/1953 0:00:00 1930 CST 49 GENESEE MI
## EVTYPE BGN_RANGE BGN_AZI BGN_LOCATI END_DATE
## 1 TORNADO 0
## 2 ICE STORM 0 Southern and Central 2/9/1994 0:00:00
## 3 TORNADO 0
## 4 TORNADO 2 SE CENTRAL CITY 5/22/2011 0:00:00
## 5 TORNADO 0
## 6 TORNADO 0
## END_TIME COUNTY_END COUNTYENDN END_RANGE END_AZI END_LOCATI LENGTH WIDTH
## 1 0 NA 0 12.9 1760
## 2 0100EST 0 NA 0 0.0 0
## 3 0 NA 0 34.9 900
## 4 05:00:00 PM 0 NA 2 SSE DUENWEG 9.0 1600
## 5 0 NA 0 20.4 533
## 6 0 NA 0 9.6 833
## F MAG FATALITIES INJURIES PROPDMG PROPDMGEXP CROPDMG CROPDMGEXP WFO
## 1 4 0 42 1700 250.0 M 0
## 2 NA 0 1 1568 50.0 M 5 M
## 3 4 0 90 1228 250.0 M 0
## 4 5 0 158 1150 2.8 B 0 K SGF
## 5 5 0 36 1150 250.0 M 0
## 6 5 0 116 785 25.0 M 0
## STATEOFFIC
## 1
## 2
## 3
## 4 MISSOURI, Southwest
## 5
## 6
## ZONENAMES
## 1
## 2 DARKE - DARKE
## 3
## 4
## 5
## 6
## LATITUDE LONGITUDE LATITUDE_E LONGITUDE_
## 1 3350 9838 3355 9826
## 2 0 0 0 0
## 3 4228 7210 4218 7131
## 4 3703 9434 3703 9424
## 5 3938 8403 3947 8343
## 6 4306 8351 4306 8339
## REMARKS
## 1
## 2 The worst ice storm in recent memory struck southern Ohio. Heavy freezing rain fell across the counties near the Ohio River and heavy sleet mixed in across the central counties. Ice accumulations averaged three-quarter to two inches. Thunderstorms with heavy freezing rain occurred over parts of southern Ohio the evening of the 8th. Trees, including numerous fruit trees, and power lines were downed and damaged in many southern Ohio communities. Supplies of salt, already low from previous storms, were used up by many communities hindering ice removal. Temperatures during and after the storm remained quite cold, in the teens and single digits, also slowing ice removal. Travel on foot and by vehicle was treacherous. The extended cold, the inability to remove all the ice, and school closings (some schools were closed through the 11th) produced a record number of injuries, mostly due to falls and sledding accidents. Most were broken bones. At least a half dozen traffic fatalities occurred and one death can be directly attributed to the weather. A Middletown (Butler) man, age 40, died of exposure. Some freezing drizzle lingered into the 9th.
## 3
## 4 EPISODE NARRATIVE: A strong upper level trough across the central plains region and a strong upper level disturbance along with a frontal boundary in the area produced numerous severe storms with a few supercells across southeast Kansas. One cyclic supercell associated with the system produced a very large and deadly EF-5 tornado that hit the city of Joplin and then spawned two separate tornadoes that moved across southwestern Missouri. A separate tornadic supercell produced an EF-3 tornado that moved into McDonald County from Northeastern Oklahoma. \n\nContinuing thunderstorms lasted into July 23 as another line of thunderstorms moved across the region. This line of storms produced reports of large hail, damaging winds and a weak EF-0 tornado in south central Missouri. As the storms moved over the Joplin area, two police officers were struck by lightning while aiding in the post tornado efforts. One of the two officers later died of injuries from the lightning strike.EVENT NARRATIVE: National Weather Service survey teams rated the tornado that tracked across the southwest through east central portion of Joplin, Missouri, as an EF5 tornado. Maximum winds were estimated to have exceeded 200 miles per hour. The tornado had a maximum width of one mile and an overall path length of nearly 21.6 miles, nearly nine miles of which occurred in Jasper County.\n\nThe tornado killed 158 directly, three indirectly, and injured over 1150 people. Sadly, on May 24 a police officer who was volunteering from another department, was struck by lightning while serving in the response efforts and later died. Equally, a 56 year old man who had been included as a direct fatality was later determined to have died of a heart attack. Over 10,200 people filed for disaster assistance following the tornado.\n\nThe EF-5 rating (greater than 200 mph wind speeds) was mainly arrived at by the total destruction of vehicles, including some vehicles tossed several blocks and semi trucks thrown a quarter of a mile. Parking stops weighing over 300 pounds and re-barred into asphalt were uprooted and tossed. Other factors in the rating included damage to reinforced concrete structures, and that St. Johnb
## 5
## 6
## REFNUM health
## 1 157885 1742
## 2 223436 1569
## 3 67884 1318
## 4 862563 1308
## 5 116011 1186
## 6 68670 901StormData_health_high <- subset(StormData_health, health > 100)
head(StormData_health_high)## STATE__ BGN_DATE BGN_TIME TIME_ZONE COUNTY COUNTYNAME STATE
## 1 48 4/10/1979 0:00:00 1755 CST 485 WICHITA TX
## 2 39 2/8/1994 0:00:00 0500 EST 0 OHZ42>088 OH
## 3 25 6/9/1953 0:00:00 1425 CST 27 WORCESTER MA
## 4 29 5/22/2011 0:00:00 04:40:00 PM CST 97 JASPER MO
## 5 39 4/3/1974 0:00:00 1330 CST 57 GREENE OH
## 6 26 6/8/1953 0:00:00 1930 CST 49 GENESEE MI
## EVTYPE BGN_RANGE BGN_AZI BGN_LOCATI END_DATE
## 1 TORNADO 0
## 2 ICE STORM 0 Southern and Central 2/9/1994 0:00:00
## 3 TORNADO 0
## 4 TORNADO 2 SE CENTRAL CITY 5/22/2011 0:00:00
## 5 TORNADO 0
## 6 TORNADO 0
## END_TIME COUNTY_END COUNTYENDN END_RANGE END_AZI END_LOCATI LENGTH WIDTH
## 1 0 NA 0 12.9 1760
## 2 0100EST 0 NA 0 0.0 0
## 3 0 NA 0 34.9 900
## 4 05:00:00 PM 0 NA 2 SSE DUENWEG 9.0 1600
## 5 0 NA 0 20.4 533
## 6 0 NA 0 9.6 833
## F MAG FATALITIES INJURIES PROPDMG PROPDMGEXP CROPDMG CROPDMGEXP WFO
## 1 4 0 42 1700 250.0 M 0
## 2 NA 0 1 1568 50.0 M 5 M
## 3 4 0 90 1228 250.0 M 0
## 4 5 0 158 1150 2.8 B 0 K SGF
## 5 5 0 36 1150 250.0 M 0
## 6 5 0 116 785 25.0 M 0
## STATEOFFIC
## 1
## 2
## 3
## 4 MISSOURI, Southwest
## 5
## 6
## ZONENAMES
## 1
## 2 DARKE - DARKE
## 3
## 4
## 5
## 6
## LATITUDE LONGITUDE LATITUDE_E LONGITUDE_
## 1 3350 9838 3355 9826
## 2 0 0 0 0
## 3 4228 7210 4218 7131
## 4 3703 9434 3703 9424
## 5 3938 8403 3947 8343
## 6 4306 8351 4306 8339
## REMARKS
## 1
## 2 The worst ice storm in recent memory struck southern Ohio. Heavy freezing rain fell across the counties near the Ohio River and heavy sleet mixed in across the central counties. Ice accumulations averaged three-quarter to two inches. Thunderstorms with heavy freezing rain occurred over parts of southern Ohio the evening of the 8th. Trees, including numerous fruit trees, and power lines were downed and damaged in many southern Ohio communities. Supplies of salt, already low from previous storms, were used up by many communities hindering ice removal. Temperatures during and after the storm remained quite cold, in the teens and single digits, also slowing ice removal. Travel on foot and by vehicle was treacherous. The extended cold, the inability to remove all the ice, and school closings (some schools were closed through the 11th) produced a record number of injuries, mostly due to falls and sledding accidents. Most were broken bones. At least a half dozen traffic fatalities occurred and one death can be directly attributed to the weather. A Middletown (Butler) man, age 40, died of exposure. Some freezing drizzle lingered into the 9th.
## 3
## 4 EPISODE NARRATIVE: A strong upper level trough across the central plains region and a strong upper level disturbance along with a frontal boundary in the area produced numerous severe storms with a few supercells across southeast Kansas. One cyclic supercell associated with the system produced a very large and deadly EF-5 tornado that hit the city of Joplin and then spawned two separate tornadoes that moved across southwestern Missouri. A separate tornadic supercell produced an EF-3 tornado that moved into McDonald County from Northeastern Oklahoma. \n\nContinuing thunderstorms lasted into July 23 as another line of thunderstorms moved across the region. This line of storms produced reports of large hail, damaging winds and a weak EF-0 tornado in south central Missouri. As the storms moved over the Joplin area, two police officers were struck by lightning while aiding in the post tornado efforts. One of the two officers later died of injuries from the lightning strike.EVENT NARRATIVE: National Weather Service survey teams rated the tornado that tracked across the southwest through east central portion of Joplin, Missouri, as an EF5 tornado. Maximum winds were estimated to have exceeded 200 miles per hour. The tornado had a maximum width of one mile and an overall path length of nearly 21.6 miles, nearly nine miles of which occurred in Jasper County.\n\nThe tornado killed 158 directly, three indirectly, and injured over 1150 people. Sadly, on May 24 a police officer who was volunteering from another department, was struck by lightning while serving in the response efforts and later died. Equally, a 56 year old man who had been included as a direct fatality was later determined to have died of a heart attack. Over 10,200 people filed for disaster assistance following the tornado.\n\nThe EF-5 rating (greater than 200 mph wind speeds) was mainly arrived at by the total destruction of vehicles, including some vehicles tossed several blocks and semi trucks thrown a quarter of a mile. Parking stops weighing over 300 pounds and re-barred into asphalt were uprooted and tossed. Other factors in the rating included damage to reinforced concrete structures, and that St. Johnb
## 5
## 6
## REFNUM health
## 1 157885 1742
## 2 223436 1569
## 3 67884 1318
## 4 862563 1308
## 5 116011 1186
## 6 68670 901table(StormData_health_high$EVTYPE)##
## BLIZZARD EXCESSIVE HEAT EXTREME COLD FLASH FLOOD
## 2 20 1 4
## FLOOD HAIL HEAT HEAT WAVE
## 10 1 9 1
## HEAVY SNOW HURRICANE/TYPHOON ICE STORM TORNADO
## 1 3 1 164
## TROPICAL STORM TSUNAMI WILD FIRES WILDFIRE
## 1 1 1 1
## WINTER STORM WINTER WEATHER
## 1 1StormData_injuries <- StormData_health %>% arrange(desc(INJURIES))
head(StormData_injuries)## STATE__ BGN_DATE BGN_TIME TIME_ZONE COUNTY COUNTYNAME STATE
## 1 48 4/10/1979 0:00:00 1755 CST 485 WICHITA TX
## 2 39 2/8/1994 0:00:00 0500 EST 0 OHZ42>088 OH
## 3 25 6/9/1953 0:00:00 1425 CST 27 WORCESTER MA
## 4 29 5/22/2011 0:00:00 04:40:00 PM CST 97 JASPER MO
## 5 39 4/3/1974 0:00:00 1330 CST 57 GREENE OH
## 6 1 4/27/2011 0:00:00 03:48:00 PM CST 125 TUSCALOOSA AL
## EVTYPE BGN_RANGE BGN_AZI BGN_LOCATI END_DATE
## 1 TORNADO 0
## 2 ICE STORM 0 Southern and Central 2/9/1994 0:00:00
## 3 TORNADO 0
## 4 TORNADO 2 SE CENTRAL CITY 5/22/2011 0:00:00
## 5 TORNADO 0
## 6 TORNADO 4 WNW RALPH 4/27/2011 0:00:00
## END_TIME COUNTY_END COUNTYENDN END_RANGE END_AZI END_LOCATI LENGTH WIDTH
## 1 0 NA 0 12.9 1760
## 2 0100EST 0 NA 0 0.0 0
## 3 0 NA 0 34.9 900
## 4 05:00:00 PM 0 NA 2 SSE DUENWEG 9.0 1600
## 5 0 NA 0 20.4 533
## 6 04:35:00 PM 0 NA 4 NNE YOLANDE 42.0 1760
## F MAG FATALITIES INJURIES PROPDMG PROPDMGEXP CROPDMG CROPDMGEXP WFO
## 1 4 0 42 1700 250.0 M 0
## 2 NA 0 1 1568 50.0 M 5 M
## 3 4 0 90 1228 250.0 M 0
## 4 5 0 158 1150 2.8 B 0 K SGF
## 5 5 0 36 1150 250.0 M 0
## 6 4 0 44 800 1.5 B 0 K BMX
## STATEOFFIC
## 1
## 2
## 3
## 4 MISSOURI, Southwest
## 5
## 6 ALABAMA, Central
## ZONENAMES
## 1
## 2 DARKE - DARKE
## 3
## 4
## 5
## 6
## LATITUDE LONGITUDE LATITUDE_E LONGITUDE_
## 1 3350 9838 3355 9826
## 2 0 0 0 0
## 3 4228 7210 4218 7131
## 4 3703 9434 3703 9424
## 5 3938 8403 3947 8343
## 6 3303 8749 3321 8712
## REMARKS
## 1
## 2 The worst ice storm in recent memory struck southern Ohio. Heavy freezing rain fell across the counties near the Ohio River and heavy sleet mixed in across the central counties. Ice accumulations averaged three-quarter to two inches. Thunderstorms with heavy freezing rain occurred over parts of southern Ohio the evening of the 8th. Trees, including numerous fruit trees, and power lines were downed and damaged in many southern Ohio communities. Supplies of salt, already low from previous storms, were used up by many communities hindering ice removal. Temperatures during and after the storm remained quite cold, in the teens and single digits, also slowing ice removal. Travel on foot and by vehicle was treacherous. The extended cold, the inability to remove all the ice, and school closings (some schools were closed through the 11th) produced a record number of injuries, mostly due to falls and sledding accidents. Most were broken bones. At least a half dozen traffic fatalities occurred and one death can be directly attributed to the weather. A Middletown (Butler) man, age 40, died of exposure. Some freezing drizzle lingered into the 9th.
## 3
## 4 EPISODE NARRATIVE: A strong upper level trough across the central plains region and a strong upper level disturbance along with a frontal boundary in the area produced numerous severe storms with a few supercells across southeast Kansas. One cyclic supercell associated with the system produced a very large and deadly EF-5 tornado that hit the city of Joplin and then spawned two separate tornadoes that moved across southwestern Missouri. A separate tornadic supercell produced an EF-3 tornado that moved into McDonald County from Northeastern Oklahoma. \n\nContinuing thunderstorms lasted into July 23 as another line of thunderstorms moved across the region. This line of storms produced reports of large hail, damaging winds and a weak EF-0 tornado in south central Missouri. As the storms moved over the Joplin area, two police officers were struck by lightning while aiding in the post tornado efforts. One of the two officers later died of injuries from the lightning strike.EVENT NARRATIVE: National Weather Service survey teams rated the tornado that tracked across the southwest through east central portion of Joplin, Missouri, as an EF5 tornado. Maximum winds were estimated to have exceeded 200 miles per hour. The tornado had a maximum width of one mile and an overall path length of nearly 21.6 miles, nearly nine miles of which occurred in Jasper County.\n\nThe tornado killed 158 directly, three indirectly, and injured over 1150 people. Sadly, on May 24 a police officer who was volunteering from another department, was struck by lightning while serving in the response efforts and later died. Equally, a 56 year old man who had been included as a direct fatality was later determined to have died of a heart attack. Over 10,200 people filed for disaster assistance following the tornado.\n\nThe EF-5 rating (greater than 200 mph wind speeds) was mainly arrived at by the total destruction of vehicles, including some vehicles tossed several blocks and semi trucks thrown a quarter of a mile. Parking stops weighing over 300 pounds and re-barred into asphalt were uprooted and tossed. Other factors in the rating included damage to reinforced concrete structures, and that St. Johnb
## 5
## 6 EPISODE NARRATIVE: A powerful storm system crossed the Southeast United States on Wednesday, April 27, 2011, resulting in a large and deadly tornado outbreak. This epic event broke the record for number of tornadoes in a day for the state of Alabama, becoming the most significant tornado outbreak in the stateb
## REFNUM health
## 1 157885 1742
## 2 223436 1569
## 3 67884 1318
## 4 862563 1308
## 5 116011 1186
## 6 860355 844StormData_fatalities <- StormData_health %>% arrange(desc(FATALITIES))
head(StormData_fatalities)## STATE__ BGN_DATE BGN_TIME TIME_ZONE COUNTY
## 1 17 7/12/1995 0:00:00 1100 CST 0
## 2 29 5/22/2011 0:00:00 04:40:00 PM CST 97
## 3 26 6/8/1953 0:00:00 1930 CST 49
## 4 48 5/11/1953 0:00:00 1610 CST 309
## 5 17 7/28/1999 0:00:00 11:00:00 AM CST 5
## 6 25 6/9/1953 0:00:00 1425 CST 27
## COUNTYNAME STATE EVTYPE
## 1 ILZ003>006 - 008 - 010>014 - 019>023 - 032 - 033 - 039 IL HEAT
## 2 JASPER MO TORNADO
## 3 GENESEE MI TORNADO
## 4 MCLENNAN TX TORNADO
## 5 ILZ005>006 - 012>014 - 020 - 022 IL EXCESSIVE HEAT
## 6 WORCESTER MA TORNADO
## BGN_RANGE BGN_AZI BGN_LOCATI END_DATE END_TIME COUNTY_END
## 1 0 Northeast Illinois 7/16/1995 0:00:00 1700CST 0
## 2 2 SE CENTRAL CITY 5/22/2011 0:00:00 05:00:00 PM 0
## 3 0 0
## 4 0 0
## 5 0 7/31/1999 0:00:00 07:00:00 AM 0
## 6 0 0
## COUNTYENDN END_RANGE END_AZI END_LOCATI LENGTH WIDTH F MAG FATALITIES
## 1 NA 0 0.0 0 NA 0 583
## 2 NA 2 SSE DUENWEG 9.0 1600 5 0 158
## 3 NA 0 9.6 833 5 0 116
## 4 NA 0 20.9 583 5 0 114
## 5 NA 0 0.0 0 NA 0 99
## 6 NA 0 34.9 900 4 0 90
## INJURIES PROPDMG PROPDMGEXP CROPDMG CROPDMGEXP WFO STATEOFFIC
## 1 0 0.0 0
## 2 1150 2.8 B 0 K SGF MISSOURI, Southwest
## 3 785 25.0 M 0
## 4 597 25.0 M 0
## 5 0 0.0 0 LOT ILLINOIS, Northeast
## 6 1228 250.0 M 0
## ZONENAMES
## 1 WINNEBAGO - WINNEBAGO - BOONE - MCHENRY - LAKE - OGLE - LEE - DE KALB - KANE - DU PAGE - COOK - LA SALLE - KENDALL - GRUNDY - WILL - KANKAKEE - LIVINGSTON - IROQUOIS - FORD
## 2
## 3
## 4
## 5 MCHENRY - MCHENRY - LAKE - KANE - DU PAGE - COOK - KENDALL - WILL
## 6
## LATITUDE LONGITUDE LATITUDE_E LONGITUDE_
## 1 0 0 0 0
## 2 3703 9434 3703 9424
## 3 4306 8351 4306 8339
## 4 3133 9709 3145 9653
## 5 0 0 0 0
## 6 4228 7210 4218 7131
## REMARKS
## 1 An intense heat wave affected northern Illinois from Wednesday July 12 through Sunday July 16. The heat wave tied or broke several temperature records at Rockford and Chicago. But what set this heat wave apart from others was the extremely high humidities. Dew point temperatures peaked in the lower 80s late Wednesday the 12th and Thursday the 13th and were generally in the middle and upper 70s through the rest of the hot spell. The combined and cumulative effects of several days of high temperatures, high humidity, intense July sunshine (100% possible sunshine recorded at O'Hare Airport in Chicago July 13) and light winds took their toll. 583 people died as a result of the heat in Chicago and surrounding areas. Official temperatures at Chicago's O'Hare International Airport were 7/12; minimum 73 maximum 97 (tied record), 7/13 minimum 81 (record) maximum 104 (record), 7/14 minimum 83 (record), maximum 100 (tied record), 7/15 minimum 75, maximum 98, 7/16 minimum 74, maximum 93. The heat peaked on Thursday July 13. O'Hare had a high of 104 and a low of 81 for an average of 93, 20 degrees above normal. (The all-time record high for Chicago is 105.) The heat index peaked at 119 at 1300 and 1700. At Midway Airport the temperature hit 106. (Midway is not the official Chicago reporting station so the 106 did not become Chicago's official highest temperature.) The heat index at Midway reached 125 at 1400 when the temperature was 103 and the dew point was 79. What was really remarkable was that Meigs Field which sits on a small peninsula over the cool waters of Lake Michigan off the Chicago lakefront reached 103 degrees with a heat index of 115. Rockford had high temperatures of 97, 98, 97 and 94 on the 12 through 15th, respectively. The minimum of 75 on the 14th was a record. The heat index peaked at 125 at 1800 pm on the 13th when the temperature was 98 with a dew point of 83! Commonwealth Edison, which provides much of northern Illinois and virtually all of the Chicago metropolitan area with power, had record demands for electricity on the 12th through the 14th. Power output was 18,234, 19,151 and 19,201 megawatts, respectively. Transformers blew in the southwest suburbs near Joliet causing rolling power outages on the 13th and 14th. The north side of Chicago also lost power as did the northwest suburb of Cary. Draw bridges over the Chicago River had to be hosed down so they would operate and close properly. Several roads buckled from the heat. As many as 500 fire hydrants were opened in Chicago causing loss of water pressure. The city of Chicago used a record 1.8 billion gallons of water on the 13th. The city's water system has a capacity to pump 2 billion gallons a day. \nThere were over 580 fatalities attributed to the heat. Most of them occurred in the city of Chicago. Most of the deaths occurred two to three days following the peak of the heat wave. Many were elderly people living alone in homes or apartments with no air conditioning. Some had nailed windows shut and were afraid to go out because of crime in their neighborhoods. Emergency officials found people in homes with room temperatures of 120 degrees or higher. Here is a break down of fatalities by county; Lake County, 1 (Ingleside), Grundy County, 1 (Morris), Kane County, 7 (all in Aurora), Winnebago County, 5 (all in Rockford), Will County, 1 (Joliet), Cook, 568. The information from Cook County was provided by the Cook County Medical Examiners Office. 64 of the deaths occurred in suburban Cook County. 504 occurred in Chicago. The dates of the deaths are not known in all cases. Many of the examinations occurred in the days following the heat wave, more occurred later as funeral home and hospital records were checked. Heat was the primary cause of death in 75 of the cases and a secondary cause in the rest of the deaths. Information on morbidity is being compiled by the Cook County Department of Health. An estimate on number of injuries will be available later this year as an addition. F78PH, F87PH, M43OU, F38PH, M56PH, M67PH, M68PH, M84PH, M81PH, F91PH, M58PH, M60PH, M42PH, M73PH, M57PH, M32PH, M86PH, M75PH, F64PH, M88PH, F70PH, M69PH, M86PH, F72PH, M76PH, F83PH, M74PH, F68PH, M68PH, F83PH, M86PH, F87PH, M58PH, M38PH, F74PH, M55PH, M57PH, F85PH, M03VE, M03VE, F77PH, M78PH, F87PH, M60PH, F41PH, F80PH, F75PH, M65PH, F46PH, F89PH, M64PH, F79PH, M59PH, M88PH, M47PH, F95PH, M81PH, F97PH, M85PH, F103PH, M86PH, F57PH, F29PH, F90PH, F87PH, F80PH, M60PH, M82PH, M75PH, F72PH, M40PH, M89PH, M45PH, F52PH, M80PH, M60PH, M??PH, M51PH, M58PH, M45PH, F91PH, M61PH, M41PH, M65PH, F91PH, M39PH, M56PH, F65PH, F94PH, F87PH, F91PH, M81PH, M45PH, M82PH, F42PH, M65PH, F80PH, M60PH, M74PH, M63PH, M84PH, F84PH, M80PH, M86PH, M59PH, F83PH, F79PH, M67PH, F71PH, F??PH, M87PH, F87PH, F84PH, F78PH, F90PH, F41PH, F79PH, F83PH, M73PH, M75PH, M77PH, F66PH, M80PH, M87PH, M53PH, F29PH, F82PH, M67PH, F75PH, M90PH, M67PH, M66PH, F98PH, F95PH, M35PH, M62PH, F85PH, F85PH, M86PH, M72PH, M53PH, F89PH, M80PH, M77PH, M56PH, F55PH, F93PH, M71PH, F74PH, F42PH, M81PH, F77PH, F75PH, F81PH, M92PH, M76PH, F71PH, M56PH, F72PH, F83PH, M79PH, F98PH, F75PH, M55PH, F73PH, F79PH, F83PH, F94PH, M76PH, M58PH, F52PH, M44PH, F87PH, M66PH, M55PH, F86PH, F88PH, F80PH, F87PH, F91PH, F69PH, F74PH, M77PH, F84PH, M69PH, M48PH, F82PH, F41PH, M69PH, F84PH, M71PH, M83PH, M88PH, M74PH, M79PH, M64PH, F92PH, M67PH, M53PH, M95PH, F90PH, M84PH, M67PH, M60PH, F85PH, M66PH, M62PH, MPH71, M68PH, F78PH, M71PH, F84PH, F77PH, M63PH, F65PH, M45PH, M56PH, M76PH, M42PH, F85PH, F86PH, M55PH, M85PH, M78PH, F91PH, F69PH, F94PH, M40PH, M77PH, F81PH, F85PH, M70PH, M64PH, M84PH, F70PH, F70PH, M61PH, M80PH, M87PH, F76PH, M65PH, M47PH, M47PH, F69PH, M64PH, F86PH, M57PH, M74PH, M55PH, F78PH, M85PH, M51PH, M71PH, F72PH, F85PH, M60PH, M72PH, F92PH, F49PH, M46PH, F85PH, M64PH, F69PH, M87PH, F89PH, M70PH, F69PH, M67PH, M40PH, M86PH, F86PH, F84PH, M54PH, M78PH, F81PH, M48PH, M54PH, F80PH, M64PH, M79PH, M60PH, M80PH, F86PH, F93PH, F80PH, M71PH, M47PH, F89PH, F60PH, F88PH, M84PH, F81PH, F70PH, F86PH, F77PH, F75PH, F68PH, M85PH, F87PH, M55PH, M84PH, F83PH, M??PH, F71PH, M82PH, M64PH, F65PH, F72PH, M91PH, M66PH, M47PH, F89PH, F80PH, F77PH, F81PH, F80PH, F67PH, F84PH, M52PH, F79PH, F81PH, F65PH, F70PH, M64PH, M62PH, M42PH, M64PH, M62PH, M56PH, F80PH, M65PH, F85PH, M40PH, M76PH, M80PH, F82PH, M62PH, M60PH, M76PH, F83PH, F85PH, M77PH, M71PH, F90PH, F79PH, M83PH, F72PH, F76PH, M71PH, F77PH, M64PH, F54PH, M75PH, M68PH, M57PH, M55PH, F81PH, M55PH, M86PH, M47PH, M48PH, F82PH, F62PH, M53PH, M69PH, M65PH, M65PH, M77PH, M63PH, M42PH, M62PH, F94PH, M84PH, F78PH, M71PH, F69PH, F78PH, M47PH, F57PH, F83PH, F80PH, M76PH, F82PH, M71PH, M65PH, M50PH, F87PH, M60PH, F78PH, M85PH, M70PH, F92PH, M73PH, F80PH, M72PH, M78PH, F59PH, F97PH, F62PH, F32PH, F83PH, F76PH, M77PH, M41PH, F86PH, M73PH, F71PH, M76PH, F87PH, M69PH, F82PH, M53PH, M67PH, F61PH, M48PH, M75PH, M70PH, M88PH, F66PH, M70PH, F81PH, F73PH, M70PH, M74PH, F85PH, F88PH, F71PH, M65PH, F77PH, F78PH, M80PH, F56PH, F82PH, F66PH, M61PH, F75PH, M88PH, F77PH, M45PH, M74PH, M65PH, F63PH, M70PH, M75PH, M85PH, M86PH, M58PH, F78PH, F79PH, M75PH, M69PH, F96PH, M68PH, M88PH, F78PH, M71PH, M62PH, M65PH, M60PH, M71PH, F31PH, F78PH, M81PH, M83PH, F90PH, M40PH, F72PH, M68PH, F60PH, M52PH, M65PH, M75PH, F77PH, F60PH, M48PH, F82PH, F72PH, F54PH, F75PH, M92PH, F82PH, M70PH, M60PH, F79PH, M80PH, F92PH, M91PH, F86PH, F67PH, F63PH, F78PH, M35PH, M46PH, M79PH, F66PH, M75PH, M72PH, M72PH, F80PH, M75PH, F78PH, M75PH, F80PH, M50PH, F84PH, F72PH, F82PH, M63PH, F73PH, M55PH, M85PH, F73PH, F91PH, F93PH, M63PH, M69PH, F83PH, F68PH, M71PH, F92PH, M88PH, M61PH, M69PH, M75PH, F89PH, M47PH, F73PH, F84PH, F75PH, F93PH, M73PH, M41PH, M71PH, F85PH, M65PH, M78PH, M59PH, M58PH, F55PH, M43PH, M95PH, F47PH, F89PH, F81PH, F86PH, M58PH, F90PH, M68PH, F82PH, F80PH, F80PH, M69PH, F64PH, M87PH, M85PH, F86PH, F99PH, F72PH, M80PH, F89PH, F77PH, M72PH, M86PH, F83PH, F78PH, M70PH, M85PH, M85PH, F90PH, F79PH, M84PH, F56PH, F66PH, F60PH, F75PH, F50PH, F79PH, F85PH, F79PH, F72PH, M78PH, F86PH, M67PH.
## 2 EPISODE NARRATIVE: A strong upper level trough across the central plains region and a strong upper level disturbance along with a frontal boundary in the area produced numerous severe storms with a few supercells across southeast Kansas. One cyclic supercell associated with the system produced a very large and deadly EF-5 tornado that hit the city of Joplin and then spawned two separate tornadoes that moved across southwestern Missouri. A separate tornadic supercell produced an EF-3 tornado that moved into McDonald County from Northeastern Oklahoma. \n\nContinuing thunderstorms lasted into July 23 as another line of thunderstorms moved across the region. This line of storms produced reports of large hail, damaging winds and a weak EF-0 tornado in south central Missouri. As the storms moved over the Joplin area, two police officers were struck by lightning while aiding in the post tornado efforts. One of the two officers later died of injuries from the lightning strike.EVENT NARRATIVE: National Weather Service survey teams rated the tornado that tracked across the southwest through east central portion of Joplin, Missouri, as an EF5 tornado. Maximum winds were estimated to have exceeded 200 miles per hour. The tornado had a maximum width of one mile and an overall path length of nearly 21.6 miles, nearly nine miles of which occurred in Jasper County.\n\nThe tornado killed 158 directly, three indirectly, and injured over 1150 people. Sadly, on May 24 a police officer who was volunteering from another department, was struck by lightning while serving in the response efforts and later died. Equally, a 56 year old man who had been included as a direct fatality was later determined to have died of a heart attack. Over 10,200 people filed for disaster assistance following the tornado.\n\nThe EF-5 rating (greater than 200 mph wind speeds) was mainly arrived at by the total destruction of vehicles, including some vehicles tossed several blocks and semi trucks thrown a quarter of a mile. Parking stops weighing over 300 pounds and re-barred into asphalt were uprooted and tossed. Other factors in the rating included damage to reinforced concrete structures, and that St. Johnb
## 3
## 4
## 5 An intense heat wave began in the Chicago metropolitan area July 28th and continued through the morning of July 31st. High temperatures on the 28th were in the lower to middle 90s with heat indices 100 to 105. On the 29th the temperatures soared to the middle and upper 90s with heat indices 110 to 120. The heat peaked on the 30th with high temperatures over 100 and heat indices around 115 to 120. Chicago set an all-time dew point record of 82 at Midway airport on the morning of the 30th. The minimum heat index in downtown Chicago was 100. Of the 99 fatalities, 93 were in Cook County, 3 were in Will County and 3 were in Lake County. F60PH, F70PH, M52PH, M48PH, F85PH, M57PH, F86PH, M46PH, M59PH, F70PH, M87PH, M72PH, F77PH, F86PH, F82PH, M72PH, M84PH, M88PH, M75PH, M92PH, F92PH, M82PH, M73PH, M54PH, F88PH, F72PH, M64PH, M70PH, F41PH, F82PH, M89PH, F71PH, F57PH, M46PH, M51PH, F42PH, F80PH, M64PH, F82PH, M80PH, M65PH, F48PH, F75PH, F81PH, F87PH, F76PH, M49PH, M80PH, F64PH, F70PH, F50PH, F77PH, M63PH, M68PH, M81PH, M72PH, M72PH, M53PH, F73PH, M71PH, M84PH, F49PH, F68PH, F81PH, F86PH, M42PH, M85PH, M60PH, F81PH, F67PH, M72PH, M52PH, M79PH, F55PH, M60PH, M47PH, M51PH, M57PH, M56PH, F80PH, F79PH, F56PH, F77PH, F86PH, M41PH, M70PH, M79PH, M51PH, F59PH, F60PH, M77PH, M51PH, M40PH, M90PH, F30PH, F71PH, M66PH, F66PH, M82PH
## 6
## REFNUM health
## 1 198690 583
## 2 862563 1308
## 3 68670 901
## 4 148852 711
## 5 355098 99
## 6 67884 13185. Make new variable (economy) that combines PROPDMG and CROPDMG in a new dataset and sort the datasets in descending order based on PROPDMG, CROPDMG or economy.
By combining these variables, we can get a sense of the overall effect on economy. By sorting the datasets in descending order, the individual events with the highest economic effects end up on top.
library(tidyverse)
StormData_economy <- StormData %>% mutate(economy = StormData$PROPDMG + StormData$CROPDMG)
StormData_economy <- StormData_economy %>% arrange(desc(economy))
head(StormData_economy) ## STATE__ BGN_DATE BGN_TIME TIME_ZONE COUNTY COUNTYNAME STATE
## 1 37 7/26/2009 0:00:00 08:11:00 PM EST 69 FRANKLIN NC
## 2 17 5/13/2010 0:00:00 03:00:00 AM CST 131 MERCER IL
## 3 17 5/13/2010 0:00:00 03:05:00 AM CST 73 HENRY IL
## 4 87 10/29/2011 0:00:00 08:19:00 AM EST 555 AMZ555 AM
## 5 72 12/25/2009 0:00:00 05:30:00 AM AST 4 PRZ004 PR
## 6 47 3/28/2009 0:00:00 06:00:00 PM CST 149 RUTHERFORD TN
## EVTYPE BGN_RANGE BGN_AZI BGN_LOCATI END_DATE
## 1 THUNDERSTORM WIND 1 WNW STALLINGS 7/26/2009 0:00:00
## 2 FLASH FLOOD 8 WNW ELIZA 5/13/2010 0:00:00
## 3 FLASH FLOOD 3 WSW GREEN ROCK 5/13/2010 0:00:00
## 4 WATERSPOUT 9 SE STUART 10/29/2011 0:00:00
## 5 LANDSLIDE 0 12/25/2009 0:00:00
## 6 TORNADO 1 E MURFREESBORO 3/28/2009 0:00:00
## END_TIME COUNTY_END COUNTYENDN END_RANGE END_AZI END_LOCATI LENGTH
## 1 08:13:00 PM 0 NA 0 0
## 2 07:00:00 AM 0 NA 3 NNE SWEDONA 0
## 3 07:05:00 AM 0 NA 2 NNW COLONA 0
## 4 08:21:00 AM 0 NA 9 SE STUART 0
## 5 05:30:00 AM 0 NA 0 0
## 6 06:10:00 PM 0 NA 1 SSW MURFREESBORO ARPT 1
## WIDTH F MAG FATALITIES INJURIES PROPDMG PROPDMGEXP CROPDMG CROPDMGEXP WFO
## 1 0 NA 50 0 0 5000 K 0 K RAH
## 2 0 NA 0 0 0 5000 K 0 K DVN
## 3 0 NA 0 0 0 5000 K 0 K DVN
## 4 0 NA 0 0 0 5000 K 0 K MLB
## 5 0 NA 0 0 0 4800 K 0 K SJU
## 6 50 1 0 0 0 4410 K 0 K OHX
## STATEOFFIC
## 1 NORTH CAROLINA, Central
## 2 ILLINOIS, Northwest
## 3 ILLINOIS, Northwest
## 4 ATLANTIC, Caribbean Sea and Tropical Atlantic
## 5 PUERTO RICO
## 6 TENNESSEE, Central
## ZONENAMES
## 1
## 2
## 3
## 4 SEBASTIAN INLET TO JUPITER INL - SEBASTIAN INLET TO JUPITER INL
## 5 EASTERN INTERIOR - EASTERN INTERIOR
## 6
## LATITUDE LONGITUDE LATITUDE_E LONGITUDE_
## 1 3604 7810 0 0
## 2 4119 9106 4119 9025
## 3 4127 9025 4130 9021
## 4 2706 8009 2707 8008
## 5 0 0 0 0
## 6 3551 8624 3551 8623
## REMARKS
## 1 EPISODE NARRATIVE: Showers and thunderstorms developed in the afternoon and evening along a surface trough across central North Carolina, in a warm and moist atmosphere. A mid level shear axis crossed the area during the evening helping to intensive the thunderstorms. Some of the thunderstorms during the evening became severe and produced several reports of damaging winds.EVENT NARRATIVE: Power-lines were reported down on North Carolina Highway 56. Numerous power outages were reported across eastern portions of Franklin County as well. One tree was blown onto a house on Edward Best Road.
## 2 EPISODE NARRATIVE: A warm front slowly lifted northward from central Missouri into eastern Iowa and northern Illinois May 12th and 13th. Several rounds of showers and thunderstorms moved across the area producing widespread torrential rains and some hail. As a result of the heavy rains, flash flooding was common. There were two corridors of heavy rain; one across Highway 20 with amounts around 2 to 3 inches and a second heavier corridor of 2 to 6 inches from Memphis, Missouri to near Geneseo, Illinois. Temperatures in the upper 40s to middle 60s on May 12 continued to rise during the early morning hours May 13, reaching into the lower 50s to upper 60s by daybreak.EVENT NARRATIVE: Heavy rains resulted in widespread flash flooding of roads and highways across all of Mercer County, especially the eastern half during the morning of May 13.
## 3 EPISODE NARRATIVE: A warm front slowly lifted northward from central Missouri into eastern Iowa and northern Illinois May 12th and 13th. Several rounds of showers and thunderstorms moved across the area producing widespread torrential rains and some hail. As a result of the heavy rains, flash flooding was common. There were two corridors of heavy rain; one across Highway 20 with amounts around 2 to 3 inches and a second heavier corridor of 2 to 6 inches from Memphis, Missouri to near Geneseo, Illinois. Temperatures in the upper 40s to middle 60s on May 12 continued to rise during the early morning hours May 13, reaching into the lower 50s to upper 60s by daybreak.EVENT NARRATIVE: Heavy rains resulted in widespread flash flooding of roads and highways across all of Henry County, especially the northwest half during the morning of May 13.
## 4 EPISODE NARRATIVE: A strong cell which produced a tornado within the Loblolly Bay residential community at 0818-0819 EST, crossed into Pecks Lake as a waterspout, before weakening and exiting across the barrier island and into the Atlantic. The waterspout or its outer circulation impacted several boats moored just offshore Loblolly Marina.EVENT NARRATIVE: As the waterspout traveled across Lake Peck, severe wind gusts were measured by a 40-foot, moored, marine vessel, along with the observation of rotating debris. Measured wind gusts at the top of a 55-foot mast reached 65 knots from the south, then quickly shifted to the north as the circulation passed. The wind broke a port hole on the vessel, and damaged canvas on four nearby boats.
## 5 EPISODE NARRATIVE: December 24th and December 25th stood out because they were the wettest days of the month which in turn evolved into the most hydrologically active period across the region. By the evening of December 24th, a Flood Watch was issued for most of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands as heavy rain began to envelope the area due to shower and thunderstorm development from the interaction of local effects and a low pressure center northeast of Hispaniola that was slowly drifting east northeast across the forecast area. Maximum rainfall reports from this event ranged from 5 to 9 inches. The two highest reports in Puerto Rico were 7.13 inches in San Lorenzo and 9.0 inches in Aibonito. The runoff from this rainfall resulted in flash flooding in Aibonito, Fajardo, Las Piedras and Naguabo. Rapid and significant rises were also noted on the Rio Fajardo, Rio Naguabo, Rio Gurabo, Rio de La Plata and the Rio Grande de Loiza and many of its tributaries.EVENT NARRATIVE: A wall of mud and debris at least five feet high crashed into a home at Barrio Arenas, Los Ares sector in Las Piedras municipality, damaging all its contents, and forcing its residents to evacuate and seek shelter in a neighboring home. Twenty four fighting roosters were killed by the mudslide.
## 6 EPISODE NARRATIVE: Ahead of an approaching cold front, severe thunderstorms developed across the western half of middle Tennessee.EVENT NARRATIVE: The tornado touchdown near Scott Street and caused some damage to businesses there, and continued across broad street where it caused significant damage to shops in the Jackson Heights Mall, especially a bank and a movie theater, were several people experienced minor injuries. Several vechiles in the parking lot were also damaged. The tornado also caused major damage to the Boys and Girls Club located on Jones Boulevard. Numerous trees and power lines along with minor structural damage was observed to homes north of Lokey Avenue, and there was some structural damage to businesses on Memorial Boulevard near Clark Boulevard. Maximum winds were estimated at 90 mph.
## REFNUM economy
## 1 778558 5000
## 2 808182 5000
## 3 808183 5000
## 4 900646 5000
## 5 791393 4800
## 6 750915 4410StormData_economy_high <- subset(StormData_economy, economy > 1000)
head(StormData_economy_high)## STATE__ BGN_DATE BGN_TIME TIME_ZONE COUNTY COUNTYNAME STATE
## 1 37 7/26/2009 0:00:00 08:11:00 PM EST 69 FRANKLIN NC
## 2 17 5/13/2010 0:00:00 03:00:00 AM CST 131 MERCER IL
## 3 17 5/13/2010 0:00:00 03:05:00 AM CST 73 HENRY IL
## 4 87 10/29/2011 0:00:00 08:19:00 AM EST 555 AMZ555 AM
## 5 72 12/25/2009 0:00:00 05:30:00 AM AST 4 PRZ004 PR
## 6 47 3/28/2009 0:00:00 06:00:00 PM CST 149 RUTHERFORD TN
## EVTYPE BGN_RANGE BGN_AZI BGN_LOCATI END_DATE
## 1 THUNDERSTORM WIND 1 WNW STALLINGS 7/26/2009 0:00:00
## 2 FLASH FLOOD 8 WNW ELIZA 5/13/2010 0:00:00
## 3 FLASH FLOOD 3 WSW GREEN ROCK 5/13/2010 0:00:00
## 4 WATERSPOUT 9 SE STUART 10/29/2011 0:00:00
## 5 LANDSLIDE 0 12/25/2009 0:00:00
## 6 TORNADO 1 E MURFREESBORO 3/28/2009 0:00:00
## END_TIME COUNTY_END COUNTYENDN END_RANGE END_AZI END_LOCATI LENGTH
## 1 08:13:00 PM 0 NA 0 0
## 2 07:00:00 AM 0 NA 3 NNE SWEDONA 0
## 3 07:05:00 AM 0 NA 2 NNW COLONA 0
## 4 08:21:00 AM 0 NA 9 SE STUART 0
## 5 05:30:00 AM 0 NA 0 0
## 6 06:10:00 PM 0 NA 1 SSW MURFREESBORO ARPT 1
## WIDTH F MAG FATALITIES INJURIES PROPDMG PROPDMGEXP CROPDMG CROPDMGEXP WFO
## 1 0 NA 50 0 0 5000 K 0 K RAH
## 2 0 NA 0 0 0 5000 K 0 K DVN
## 3 0 NA 0 0 0 5000 K 0 K DVN
## 4 0 NA 0 0 0 5000 K 0 K MLB
## 5 0 NA 0 0 0 4800 K 0 K SJU
## 6 50 1 0 0 0 4410 K 0 K OHX
## STATEOFFIC
## 1 NORTH CAROLINA, Central
## 2 ILLINOIS, Northwest
## 3 ILLINOIS, Northwest
## 4 ATLANTIC, Caribbean Sea and Tropical Atlantic
## 5 PUERTO RICO
## 6 TENNESSEE, Central
## ZONENAMES
## 1
## 2
## 3
## 4 SEBASTIAN INLET TO JUPITER INL - SEBASTIAN INLET TO JUPITER INL
## 5 EASTERN INTERIOR - EASTERN INTERIOR
## 6
## LATITUDE LONGITUDE LATITUDE_E LONGITUDE_
## 1 3604 7810 0 0
## 2 4119 9106 4119 9025
## 3 4127 9025 4130 9021
## 4 2706 8009 2707 8008
## 5 0 0 0 0
## 6 3551 8624 3551 8623
## REMARKS
## 1 EPISODE NARRATIVE: Showers and thunderstorms developed in the afternoon and evening along a surface trough across central North Carolina, in a warm and moist atmosphere. A mid level shear axis crossed the area during the evening helping to intensive the thunderstorms. Some of the thunderstorms during the evening became severe and produced several reports of damaging winds.EVENT NARRATIVE: Power-lines were reported down on North Carolina Highway 56. Numerous power outages were reported across eastern portions of Franklin County as well. One tree was blown onto a house on Edward Best Road.
## 2 EPISODE NARRATIVE: A warm front slowly lifted northward from central Missouri into eastern Iowa and northern Illinois May 12th and 13th. Several rounds of showers and thunderstorms moved across the area producing widespread torrential rains and some hail. As a result of the heavy rains, flash flooding was common. There were two corridors of heavy rain; one across Highway 20 with amounts around 2 to 3 inches and a second heavier corridor of 2 to 6 inches from Memphis, Missouri to near Geneseo, Illinois. Temperatures in the upper 40s to middle 60s on May 12 continued to rise during the early morning hours May 13, reaching into the lower 50s to upper 60s by daybreak.EVENT NARRATIVE: Heavy rains resulted in widespread flash flooding of roads and highways across all of Mercer County, especially the eastern half during the morning of May 13.
## 3 EPISODE NARRATIVE: A warm front slowly lifted northward from central Missouri into eastern Iowa and northern Illinois May 12th and 13th. Several rounds of showers and thunderstorms moved across the area producing widespread torrential rains and some hail. As a result of the heavy rains, flash flooding was common. There were two corridors of heavy rain; one across Highway 20 with amounts around 2 to 3 inches and a second heavier corridor of 2 to 6 inches from Memphis, Missouri to near Geneseo, Illinois. Temperatures in the upper 40s to middle 60s on May 12 continued to rise during the early morning hours May 13, reaching into the lower 50s to upper 60s by daybreak.EVENT NARRATIVE: Heavy rains resulted in widespread flash flooding of roads and highways across all of Henry County, especially the northwest half during the morning of May 13.
## 4 EPISODE NARRATIVE: A strong cell which produced a tornado within the Loblolly Bay residential community at 0818-0819 EST, crossed into Pecks Lake as a waterspout, before weakening and exiting across the barrier island and into the Atlantic. The waterspout or its outer circulation impacted several boats moored just offshore Loblolly Marina.EVENT NARRATIVE: As the waterspout traveled across Lake Peck, severe wind gusts were measured by a 40-foot, moored, marine vessel, along with the observation of rotating debris. Measured wind gusts at the top of a 55-foot mast reached 65 knots from the south, then quickly shifted to the north as the circulation passed. The wind broke a port hole on the vessel, and damaged canvas on four nearby boats.
## 5 EPISODE NARRATIVE: December 24th and December 25th stood out because they were the wettest days of the month which in turn evolved into the most hydrologically active period across the region. By the evening of December 24th, a Flood Watch was issued for most of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands as heavy rain began to envelope the area due to shower and thunderstorm development from the interaction of local effects and a low pressure center northeast of Hispaniola that was slowly drifting east northeast across the forecast area. Maximum rainfall reports from this event ranged from 5 to 9 inches. The two highest reports in Puerto Rico were 7.13 inches in San Lorenzo and 9.0 inches in Aibonito. The runoff from this rainfall resulted in flash flooding in Aibonito, Fajardo, Las Piedras and Naguabo. Rapid and significant rises were also noted on the Rio Fajardo, Rio Naguabo, Rio Gurabo, Rio de La Plata and the Rio Grande de Loiza and many of its tributaries.EVENT NARRATIVE: A wall of mud and debris at least five feet high crashed into a home at Barrio Arenas, Los Ares sector in Las Piedras municipality, damaging all its contents, and forcing its residents to evacuate and seek shelter in a neighboring home. Twenty four fighting roosters were killed by the mudslide.
## 6 EPISODE NARRATIVE: Ahead of an approaching cold front, severe thunderstorms developed across the western half of middle Tennessee.EVENT NARRATIVE: The tornado touchdown near Scott Street and caused some damage to businesses there, and continued across broad street where it caused significant damage to shops in the Jackson Heights Mall, especially a bank and a movie theater, were several people experienced minor injuries. Several vechiles in the parking lot were also damaged. The tornado also caused major damage to the Boys and Girls Club located on Jones Boulevard. Numerous trees and power lines along with minor structural damage was observed to homes north of Lokey Avenue, and there was some structural damage to businesses on Memorial Boulevard near Clark Boulevard. Maximum winds were estimated at 90 mph.
## REFNUM economy
## 1 778558 5000
## 2 808182 5000
## 3 808183 5000
## 4 900646 5000
## 5 791393 4800
## 6 750915 4410table(StormData_economy_high$EVTYPE)##
## FLASH FLOOD FLOOD FLOOD/FLASH FLOOD HAIL
## 18 23 1 8
## HEAVY RAIN HIGH WIND HURRICANE HURRICANE/TYPHOON
## 1 6 1 1
## LANDSLIDE THUNDERSTORM WIND TORNADO TROPICAL STORM
## 2 4 14 1
## TSTM WIND WATERSPOUT WINTER STORM
## 5 1 1StormData_propdmg <- StormData_economy %>% arrange(desc(PROPDMG))
head(StormData_propdmg)## STATE__ BGN_DATE BGN_TIME TIME_ZONE COUNTY COUNTYNAME STATE
## 1 37 7/26/2009 0:00:00 08:11:00 PM EST 69 FRANKLIN NC
## 2 17 5/13/2010 0:00:00 03:00:00 AM CST 131 MERCER IL
## 3 17 5/13/2010 0:00:00 03:05:00 AM CST 73 HENRY IL
## 4 87 10/29/2011 0:00:00 08:19:00 AM EST 555 AMZ555 AM
## 5 72 12/25/2009 0:00:00 05:30:00 AM AST 4 PRZ004 PR
## 6 47 3/28/2009 0:00:00 06:00:00 PM CST 149 RUTHERFORD TN
## EVTYPE BGN_RANGE BGN_AZI BGN_LOCATI END_DATE
## 1 THUNDERSTORM WIND 1 WNW STALLINGS 7/26/2009 0:00:00
## 2 FLASH FLOOD 8 WNW ELIZA 5/13/2010 0:00:00
## 3 FLASH FLOOD 3 WSW GREEN ROCK 5/13/2010 0:00:00
## 4 WATERSPOUT 9 SE STUART 10/29/2011 0:00:00
## 5 LANDSLIDE 0 12/25/2009 0:00:00
## 6 TORNADO 1 E MURFREESBORO 3/28/2009 0:00:00
## END_TIME COUNTY_END COUNTYENDN END_RANGE END_AZI END_LOCATI LENGTH
## 1 08:13:00 PM 0 NA 0 0
## 2 07:00:00 AM 0 NA 3 NNE SWEDONA 0
## 3 07:05:00 AM 0 NA 2 NNW COLONA 0
## 4 08:21:00 AM 0 NA 9 SE STUART 0
## 5 05:30:00 AM 0 NA 0 0
## 6 06:10:00 PM 0 NA 1 SSW MURFREESBORO ARPT 1
## WIDTH F MAG FATALITIES INJURIES PROPDMG PROPDMGEXP CROPDMG CROPDMGEXP WFO
## 1 0 NA 50 0 0 5000 K 0 K RAH
## 2 0 NA 0 0 0 5000 K 0 K DVN
## 3 0 NA 0 0 0 5000 K 0 K DVN
## 4 0 NA 0 0 0 5000 K 0 K MLB
## 5 0 NA 0 0 0 4800 K 0 K SJU
## 6 50 1 0 0 0 4410 K 0 K OHX
## STATEOFFIC
## 1 NORTH CAROLINA, Central
## 2 ILLINOIS, Northwest
## 3 ILLINOIS, Northwest
## 4 ATLANTIC, Caribbean Sea and Tropical Atlantic
## 5 PUERTO RICO
## 6 TENNESSEE, Central
## ZONENAMES
## 1
## 2
## 3
## 4 SEBASTIAN INLET TO JUPITER INL - SEBASTIAN INLET TO JUPITER INL
## 5 EASTERN INTERIOR - EASTERN INTERIOR
## 6
## LATITUDE LONGITUDE LATITUDE_E LONGITUDE_
## 1 3604 7810 0 0
## 2 4119 9106 4119 9025
## 3 4127 9025 4130 9021
## 4 2706 8009 2707 8008
## 5 0 0 0 0
## 6 3551 8624 3551 8623
## REMARKS
## 1 EPISODE NARRATIVE: Showers and thunderstorms developed in the afternoon and evening along a surface trough across central North Carolina, in a warm and moist atmosphere. A mid level shear axis crossed the area during the evening helping to intensive the thunderstorms. Some of the thunderstorms during the evening became severe and produced several reports of damaging winds.EVENT NARRATIVE: Power-lines were reported down on North Carolina Highway 56. Numerous power outages were reported across eastern portions of Franklin County as well. One tree was blown onto a house on Edward Best Road.
## 2 EPISODE NARRATIVE: A warm front slowly lifted northward from central Missouri into eastern Iowa and northern Illinois May 12th and 13th. Several rounds of showers and thunderstorms moved across the area producing widespread torrential rains and some hail. As a result of the heavy rains, flash flooding was common. There were two corridors of heavy rain; one across Highway 20 with amounts around 2 to 3 inches and a second heavier corridor of 2 to 6 inches from Memphis, Missouri to near Geneseo, Illinois. Temperatures in the upper 40s to middle 60s on May 12 continued to rise during the early morning hours May 13, reaching into the lower 50s to upper 60s by daybreak.EVENT NARRATIVE: Heavy rains resulted in widespread flash flooding of roads and highways across all of Mercer County, especially the eastern half during the morning of May 13.
## 3 EPISODE NARRATIVE: A warm front slowly lifted northward from central Missouri into eastern Iowa and northern Illinois May 12th and 13th. Several rounds of showers and thunderstorms moved across the area producing widespread torrential rains and some hail. As a result of the heavy rains, flash flooding was common. There were two corridors of heavy rain; one across Highway 20 with amounts around 2 to 3 inches and a second heavier corridor of 2 to 6 inches from Memphis, Missouri to near Geneseo, Illinois. Temperatures in the upper 40s to middle 60s on May 12 continued to rise during the early morning hours May 13, reaching into the lower 50s to upper 60s by daybreak.EVENT NARRATIVE: Heavy rains resulted in widespread flash flooding of roads and highways across all of Henry County, especially the northwest half during the morning of May 13.
## 4 EPISODE NARRATIVE: A strong cell which produced a tornado within the Loblolly Bay residential community at 0818-0819 EST, crossed into Pecks Lake as a waterspout, before weakening and exiting across the barrier island and into the Atlantic. The waterspout or its outer circulation impacted several boats moored just offshore Loblolly Marina.EVENT NARRATIVE: As the waterspout traveled across Lake Peck, severe wind gusts were measured by a 40-foot, moored, marine vessel, along with the observation of rotating debris. Measured wind gusts at the top of a 55-foot mast reached 65 knots from the south, then quickly shifted to the north as the circulation passed. The wind broke a port hole on the vessel, and damaged canvas on four nearby boats.
## 5 EPISODE NARRATIVE: December 24th and December 25th stood out because they were the wettest days of the month which in turn evolved into the most hydrologically active period across the region. By the evening of December 24th, a Flood Watch was issued for most of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands as heavy rain began to envelope the area due to shower and thunderstorm development from the interaction of local effects and a low pressure center northeast of Hispaniola that was slowly drifting east northeast across the forecast area. Maximum rainfall reports from this event ranged from 5 to 9 inches. The two highest reports in Puerto Rico were 7.13 inches in San Lorenzo and 9.0 inches in Aibonito. The runoff from this rainfall resulted in flash flooding in Aibonito, Fajardo, Las Piedras and Naguabo. Rapid and significant rises were also noted on the Rio Fajardo, Rio Naguabo, Rio Gurabo, Rio de La Plata and the Rio Grande de Loiza and many of its tributaries.EVENT NARRATIVE: A wall of mud and debris at least five feet high crashed into a home at Barrio Arenas, Los Ares sector in Las Piedras municipality, damaging all its contents, and forcing its residents to evacuate and seek shelter in a neighboring home. Twenty four fighting roosters were killed by the mudslide.
## 6 EPISODE NARRATIVE: Ahead of an approaching cold front, severe thunderstorms developed across the western half of middle Tennessee.EVENT NARRATIVE: The tornado touchdown near Scott Street and caused some damage to businesses there, and continued across broad street where it caused significant damage to shops in the Jackson Heights Mall, especially a bank and a movie theater, were several people experienced minor injuries. Several vechiles in the parking lot were also damaged. The tornado also caused major damage to the Boys and Girls Club located on Jones Boulevard. Numerous trees and power lines along with minor structural damage was observed to homes north of Lokey Avenue, and there was some structural damage to businesses on Memorial Boulevard near Clark Boulevard. Maximum winds were estimated at 90 mph.
## REFNUM economy
## 1 778558 5000
## 2 808182 5000
## 3 808183 5000
## 4 900646 5000
## 5 791393 4800
## 6 750915 4410StormData_cropdmg <- StormData_economy %>% arrange(desc(CROPDMG))
head(StormData_cropdmg)## STATE__ BGN_DATE BGN_TIME TIME_ZONE COUNTY
## 1 30 5/1/2004 0:00:00 01:01:00 AM MST 24
## 2 37 9/1/2006 0:00:00 05:00:00 AM EST 27
## 3 20 9/13/1998 0:00:00 04:00:00 PM CST 11
## 4 19 6/24/2000 0:00:00 03:00:00 AM CST 26
## 5 54 9/6/1996 0:00:00 10:15:00 AM EST 48
## 6 55 6/7/2008 0:00:00 18:04:00 PM CST 123
## COUNTYNAME STATE
## 1 MTZ024>025 - 062 MT
## 2 NCZ027 NC
## 3 BOURBON KS
## 4 IAZ026>027 - 038 - 061 - 074>075 - 083>086 - 094>095 - 097 IA
## 5 WVZ048>050 - 054>055 WV
## 6 VERNON WI
## EVTYPE BGN_RANGE BGN_AZI BGN_LOCATI END_DATE END_TIME
## 1 DROUGHT 0 5/31/2004 0:00:00 11:59:00 PM
## 2 TROPICAL STORM 0 9/1/2006 0:00:00 07:00:00 AM
## 3 FLOOD 0 COUNTYWIDE 9/15/1998 0:00:00 04:00:00 PM
## 4 FLOOD 0 6/27/2000 0:00:00 03:00:00 PM
## 5 River Flooding 0 9/8/1996 0:00:00 07:30:00 AM
## 6 FLASH FLOOD 1 SSE STODDARD 6/8/2008 0:00:00 07:30:00 AM
## COUNTY_END COUNTYENDN END_RANGE END_AZI END_LOCATI LENGTH WIDTH F MAG
## 1 0 NA 0 0 0 NA 0
## 2 0 NA 0 0 0 NA 0
## 3 0 NA 0 COUNTYWIDE 0 0 NA 0
## 4 0 NA 0 0 0 NA 0
## 5 0 NA 0 0 0 NA 0
## 6 0 NA 3 W AVALANCHE 0 0 NA 0
## FATALITIES INJURIES PROPDMG PROPDMGEXP CROPDMG CROPDMGEXP WFO
## 1 0 0 0.00 990 K GGW
## 2 0 0 0.00 985 K RAH
## 3 0 0 1.00 M 978 K SGF
## 4 0 0 650.00 K 975 K DMX
## 5 0 0 16.50 M 950 K LWX
## 6 0 0 2.25 M 950 K ARX
## STATEOFFIC
## 1 MONTANA, East
## 2 NORTH CAROLINA, Central
## 3 KANSAS, Extreme Southeast
## 4 IOWA, Central
## 5 WEST VIRGINIA, East
## 6 WISCONSIN, Southwest
## ZONENAMES
## 1 RICHLAND - RICHLAND - DAWSON - EASTERN ROOSEVELT
## 2 NASH - NASH
## 3
## 4 FRANKLIN - FRANKLIN - BUTLER - GRUNDY - JASPER - MARION - MAHASKA - CLARKE - LUCAS - MONROE - WAPELLO - DECATUR - WAYNE - DAVIS
## 5 GRANT - GRANT - MINERAL - HAMPSHIRE - PENDLETON - HARDY
## 6
## LATITUDE LONGITUDE LATITUDE_E LONGITUDE_
## 1 0 0 0 0
## 2 0 0 0 0
## 3 0 0 0 0
## 4 0 0 0 0
## 5 0 0 0 0
## 6 4339 9113 4336 9049
## REMARKS
## 1 The combination of ongoing drought, wind and freezing temperatures distroyed 6,600 acres of the sugarbeet crop which had to be replanted.
## 2 Tropical Storm Ernesto produced flooding and high winds county wide. Emergency officials reported approximately 50 to 75 trees downed trees. There were also numerous reports of road flooding from rainfall amounts of 3 to 4 inches. Finally crop and livestock damage was estimated at 985,000 thousand dollars.\n
## 3 Heavy rain of 5 to 12 inches fell over portions of extreme southeast Kansas. Unoffical reports of rainfall as high as 14 inches was reported in Bourbon County Kansas. The hardest hit areas were along the Marmaton River in Bourbon County including Ft. Scott. The highest estimated stage of the Marmaton River at Ft. Scott reached 50.05 feet on 9/14/98 which is the second highest stage ever recorded (records date back to the late 1800s).\n\nSome specific damage reports:\n\nBourbon County: Widespread river flooding occurred in northern sections of Ft. Scott affecting numerous homes and businesses. Flood water receded fairly quickly and water damage was confined to lower floors and basements. Many businesses had to close for two or three days due to the flooding and associated clean up. Several highways and bridges were damaged due to the flood waters.\n\nAgricultural damage in Bourbon County was mainly confined to the Marmaton River flood plain. Crop losses included 2300 acres of corn (40% yield loss), 7500 acres of soybeans (50% yield loss), and 500 acres of grain sorghum (75% yield loss). In addition, 200 head of cattle were lost. Farms along the Marmaton River also suffered damage to grazing land (topsoil damage) and damage to fencing. \n\nCrawford and Cherokee Counties: Flooding and flash flooding was mainly confined to low lying roads and bridges. \n\n\n
## 4 Extremely heavy rains, this time over southern Iowa, occurred during the overnight hours of June 23 and 24. another mesoscale convective system developed and moved across southern Iowa. Rains were heaviest in a small part of southern Mahaska, northwest Wapello, and northeast Monroe Counties. WSR-88D radar estimated that as much as 13.5 inches of rain may have fallen during the 24-hour period in this area, although no rain gage reports were available to help verify this estimate. The highest rain gage totals for the same 24 hours included 4.27 inches at Tracy, 5.50 inches at Ottumwa, 4.63 inches by the cooperative observers at Bussey, and 3.34 inches at Albia. Flash flooding was widespread. At one point, six counties in southern Iowa were under simultaneous Flash flood Warning. Fortunately there were no injuries or fatalities reported in the Des Moines HSA, although many roads were washed out or water covered. The extremely heavy rains did not cover a large area and much of the runoff was directly into streams feeding the lower Des Moines River, which has considerable carrying capacity. Flood stage was reached on the Des Moines River at Ottumwa in two crests. They occurred on the 24th with a crest of 12.1 feet, and on the 26th with a crest of 10.7 feet. Flood stage at Ottumwa is 10 feet. The second crest was in response to additional rains that fell on the 25th, which varied from one to two inches over the basin. A double flood crest was also reached at Bussey on Cedar Creek, which flows into the Des Moines River below Red Rock Lake, with the second crest nearly two feet over flood stage. The benefits of the wet June in terms of drought relief far outweighed the impacts from the mostly minor flooding. By month's end, only four of the nine climate districts in the state were still in a drought condition. The worst areas in the Des Moines HSA were in the northwest and west central counties, where extreme drought continued as measured by the Palmer Drought Severity Index. The statewide rainfall average, furnished by the Iowa State Climatologist's office, was 6.59 inches, or 2.17 inches above normal. This was the 19th wettest June among 128 years of Iowa weather records. The west central and northwest climate districts were the only ones to have below normal rainfall for the month. By contrast, the northeast and southeast districts were more then 200% of normal rainfall, with 8.90 inches and 8.22 inches respectively. Temperatures during the month were cool, averaging 2.2 degrees F. below normal statewide. This made it the 38th coolest June in the past 128 years.\n
## 5 Incredible rainfall associated with the remants of Hurricane Fran caused considerable and in some cases record flooding along rivers and tributaries in the Potomac basin. A thin band of 11 to 14 inches of rain falling along higher ridges ran off into the Upper South Fork of the South Branch Potomac River and the Lost River sub-basin. These rain amounts led to record river flooding along the South Fork, Lost River, and Trout Run sub-basins.\n\nRiver flooding began simultaneously with the flash flooding in the Potomac Highlands. The flooding continued for nearly 48 hours before levels receded below flood stage. Crests were 1 to 5 feet above those of the January 1996 flood across the South Branch; crests were within 1 to 3 feet of January levels across the North Branch.\n\nDamage was excessive, especially along the South Branch Potomac. A state-owned railroad system sustained numerous washouts and peripheral damage; the railroad, which tracks through Hardy, Hampshire, and Grant Cos (WVZ048-050-055) suffered $2.5 million in damage.\n\nIn Hardy Co alone, 90 percent of the county roads were closed from washouts. Over 50 percent of the private culverts were completely washed out. Between 75 and 100 wells were damaged; nearly 1/4 of those remained unusable months later due to bacteria contamination. Agriculture and poultry farms, especially those in flood plains, were struck hard. Eight to ten thousand acres were inundated with an estimated $200 thousand in damage to unharvested corn crops. Another $200 thousand was estimated from lost or destroyed chickens. The $5 million in reported property damage included $3.5 million to 227 residences and $1.5 million to public buildings.\n\nWell after the flood, debris covered pasture and farmland, and filled creeks and streams enough to redirect normal flow. River sand and mud also covered streets and in some cases was above the ground floor of residences and businesses. Landslides were also noted in portions of the Upper Potomac basin. Electric and phone outages lasted several days, especially in isolated locations.\n\nPlease refer to the narrative on flash floods for a further breakdown of damages.
## 6 EVENT NARRATIVE: The Vernon County sheriff department received numerous calls about water over roads and backed up drainage areas. In fact, law enforcement officials indicated flooding was worse than the flood of August 18-19 2007. Numerous earthen dams in county had to be monitored for failure. Highway 162 had mudslides over it and was closed in sections. EPISODE NARRATIVE: A warm front extended west to east across the Upper Mississippi River Valley on June 7, which provided the focus for thunderstorms producing excessive rainfall and other severe weather. In fact, these storms exhibited very high rainfall rates, which led to 1 to 2 inch rainfall amounts in an hour or so. As the storms congealed into a larger scale line of thunderstorms, they continued to move over the same areas, which led to significant flash flooding through the evening and overnight. \n\nOn June 8, this same warm front lingered across the region, but a cold front approached from the northern Plains. Showers and storms would redevelop during the day in the vicinity of the warm front, while a line of storms developed out ahead of the cold front, with these tracking across the region Sunday night. Again, copious amounts of moisture lead to periods of heavy rain. \n\nThe heavy rainfall on June 8 enhanced the already dangerous flooding conditions across parts of southwest Wisconsin. Many roads were already closed from the June 7 rains due to water over the roadways, mudslides, or partial washouts. Conditions only worsened, leading to more road closures, sandbagging, and some evacuations. \n\nWhile the rain was tapering off and moving east Sunday night, June 8, the rivers continued to rise, and some extremely quickly. Some rivers responded with a foot per hour rises, while others eventually exceeded their river gauges ability to record the river levels. These gauges were under water themselves! All-time record crests were set at a few locations, with top 5 records at many others.\n\nDamage to infrastructure and crops was preliminarily estimated at 75 to 85 million dollars. As a result, Crawford, Grant, Juneau, Monroe, Richland and Vernon Counties in central and southwest Wisconsin were declared federal disaster areas.
## REFNUM economy
## 1 544242 990.00
## 2 631116 985.00
## 3 322098 979.00
## 4 387841 1625.00
## 5 279910 966.50
## 6 743288 952.256. Calculate sum of INJURIES, FATALITIES or health per EVTYPE
By calculating the sum of health effects per event type, we can find the event with the highest total health effects.
Sum_injuries <- StormData_health %>% group_by(EVTYPE) %>% summarize(sum_injuries = sum(INJURIES, na.rm=TRUE))
Sum_injuries <- Sum_injuries %>% arrange(desc(sum_injuries))
Sum_fatalities <- StormData_health %>% group_by(EVTYPE) %>% summarize(sum_fatalities = sum(FATALITIES, na.rm=TRUE))
Sum_fatalities <- Sum_fatalities %>% arrange(desc(sum_fatalities))
Sum_health <- StormData_health %>% group_by(EVTYPE) %>% summarize(sum_health = sum(health, na.rm=TRUE))
Sum_health <- Sum_health %>% arrange(desc(sum_health))6. Calculate sum of PROPDMG, CROPDMG or economy per EVTYPE
By calculating the sum of economy effects per event type, we can find the event with the highest total economic effects.
Sum_propdmg <- StormData_economy %>% group_by(EVTYPE) %>% summarize(sum_propdmg = sum(PROPDMG, na.rm=TRUE))
Sum_propdmg <- Sum_propdmg %>% arrange(desc(sum_propdmg))
Sum_cropdmg <- StormData_economy %>% group_by(EVTYPE) %>% summarize(sum_cropdmg = sum(CROPDMG, na.rm=TRUE))
Sum_cropdmg <- Sum_cropdmg %>% arrange(desc(sum_cropdmg))
Sum_economy <- StormData_economy %>% group_by(EVTYPE) %>% summarize(sum_economy = sum(economy, na.rm=TRUE))
Sum_economy <- Sum_economy %>% arrange(desc(sum_economy))7. Take the top 10 of events with the highest sum of health or economy
Sum_health_high <- Sum_health[1:10,]
Sum_health_high## # A tibble: 10 × 2
## EVTYPE sum_health
## <chr> <dbl>
## 1 TORNADO 96979
## 2 EXCESSIVE HEAT 8428
## 3 TSTM WIND 7461
## 4 FLOOD 7259
## 5 LIGHTNING 6046
## 6 HEAT 3037
## 7 FLASH FLOOD 2755
## 8 ICE STORM 2064
## 9 THUNDERSTORM WIND 1621
## 10 WINTER STORM 1527Sum_economy_high <- Sum_economy[1:10,]
Sum_economy_high## # A tibble: 10 × 2
## EVTYPE sum_economy
## <chr> <dbl>
## 1 TORNADO 3312277.
## 2 FLASH FLOOD 1599325.
## 3 TSTM WIND 1445168.
## 4 HAIL 1268290.
## 5 FLOOD 1067976.
## 6 THUNDERSTORM WIND 943636.
## 7 LIGHTNING 606932.
## 8 THUNDERSTORM WINDS 464978.
## 9 HIGH WIND 342015.
## 10 WINTER STORM 134700.Results
The 10 individual events that caused the highest number of injuries are :
StormData_injuries$EVTYPE[1:10]## [1] "TORNADO" "ICE STORM" "TORNADO"
## [4] "TORNADO" "TORNADO" "TORNADO"
## [7] "FLOOD" "TORNADO" "HURRICANE/TYPHOON"
## [10] "FLOOD"The individual events that caused the highest number of fatalities are :
StormData_fatalities$EVTYPE[1:10]## [1] "HEAT" "TORNADO" "TORNADO" "TORNADO"
## [5] "EXCESSIVE HEAT" "TORNADO" "TORNADO" "EXCESSIVE HEAT"
## [9] "EXCESSIVE HEAT" "TORNADO"The individual events that caused the highest number of injuries and fatalities combined (health) are :
StormData_health$EVTYPE[1:10]## [1] "TORNADO" "ICE STORM" "TORNADO"
## [4] "TORNADO" "TORNADO" "TORNADO"
## [7] "TORNADO" "FLOOD" "HURRICANE/TYPHOON"
## [10] "FLOOD"This barplot depicts the top 10 wheather event types that have the highest total (sum) health effects :
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(Sum_health_high, aes(x=reorder(EVTYPE, sum_health), y=sum_health)) +
geom_bar(stat = "identity") +
coord_flip() +
labs(title = "Wheather event and health") +
xlab("Wheather event") +
ylab("Total health effect")
The event that caused the highest number of property damage is of the type :
StormData_propdmg$EVTYPE[1:10]## [1] "THUNDERSTORM WIND" "FLASH FLOOD" "FLASH FLOOD"
## [4] "WATERSPOUT" "LANDSLIDE" "TORNADO"
## [7] "THUNDERSTORM WIND" "THUNDERSTORM WIND" "HIGH WIND"
## [10] "FLOOD"The event that caused the highest number of crop damage is of the type :
StormData_cropdmg$EVTYPE[1:10]## [1] "DROUGHT" "TROPICAL STORM" "FLOOD" "FLOOD"
## [5] "River Flooding" "FLASH FLOOD" "FLOOD" "HIGH WIND"
## [9] "FLASH FLOOD" "TSTM WIND/HAIL"The event that caused the highest number of property and crop damage combined (economy) is of the type :
StormData_economy$EVTYPE[1:10]## [1] "THUNDERSTORM WIND" "FLASH FLOOD" "FLASH FLOOD"
## [4] "WATERSPOUT" "LANDSLIDE" "TORNADO"
## [7] "THUNDERSTORM WIND" "THUNDERSTORM WIND" "HIGH WIND"
## [10] "FLOOD"This barplot depicts the top 10 wheather event types that have the highest total (sum) economy effects :
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(Sum_economy_high, aes(x=reorder(EVTYPE, sum_economy), y=sum_economy)) +
geom_bar(stat = "identity") +
coord_flip() +
labs(title = "Wheather event and economy") +
xlab("Wheather event") +
ylab("Total economy effect")
Conclusion
The individual weather events that caused the highest number of injuries were a tornado and an ice storm, whereas for fatalities these were heat and a tornado. The tornado seems to be the most harmful with respect to population health, as a sum of all the fatalities and injuries. The next two are excessive heat and TSTM wind (however, TSTM wind seems to me the same as thunderstorm winds?). The individual weather events that caused the highest property damage were thunderstorm, flash wind and waterspout, whereas for crop damage these were drought, tropical storm and floods.Here, also the tornado seems to be the most harmful with respect to population health, as a sum of all the damage to property and crops. The next two are flash floods and TSTM wind.