Oleadas

library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)

## 
## Adjuntando el paquete: 'dplyr'

## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter, lag

## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union

# Data: año de entrada a la UE
fechas_adhesion <- data.frame(
  geo = c(
    "Austria", "Belgium", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czechia", "Denmark",
    "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Ireland",
    "Italy", "Latvia", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Malta", "Netherlands",
    "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden"
  ),
  anio_entrada_ue = c(
    1995, 1958, 2007, 2013, 2004, 2004, 1973,
    2004, 1995, 1958, 1958, 1981, 2004, 1973,
    1958, 2004, 2004, 1958, 2004, 1958,
    2004, 1986, 2007, 2004, 2004, 1986, 1995
  )
)

# Ordenar países por año
fechas_adhesion_ordenadas <- fechas_adhesion %>%
  arrange(anio_entrada_ue) %>%
  mutate(geo = factor(geo, levels = geo))

# Graficar como serie temporal de adhesión
ggplot(fechas_adhesion_ordenadas, aes(x = anio_entrada_ue, y = geo)) +
  geom_segment(aes(x = 1955, xend = anio_entrada_ue, yend = geo), color = "gray80") +
  geom_point(color = "#0072B2", size = 3) +
  labs(
    title = "Serie temporal: Adhesión de países a la Unión Europea",
    x = "Año de adhesión",
    y = "País"
  ) +
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(1955, 2020, by = 5)) +
  theme_minimal(base_size = 12)

```