RECD: May 2025I

Background

This is a preregistered replication of the experimental effect of relationship expectancies on dominant behavior. This was the preregistration:

Hypotheses

1. Participants in the positive relationship impact condition, as opposed to those in the negative relationship impact condition, will be more likely to select the dominant, as opposed to non-dominant, message.
   
2. Participants in the positive relationship impact condition, as opposed to those in the negative relationship impact condition, will predict more positive relationship impact of sending the dominant message.
   
3. The relationship between condition and selecting the dominant message will be at least partially explained by the predicted relationship impact of sending the dominant message.

Design

Participants will read about a hypothetical situation in which they are managers in a mid-sized company. There is a tough task that needs to be done, so they need to assign the task to their employee. The employee’s performance on the task determines the bonus that the manager receives (up to 1 Dollar). Additionally, they are informed that the employee also has a 1 Dollar pending bonus. The employee’s bonus, though, will be entirely determined by the manager: They can decide to grant none, some, or all of the pending 1 Dollar to the employee based in whatever way they wish on the employee’s performance. The employee bonus does not affect the manager’s bonus at all.

To motivate the employee to do the task, managers can send one of two messages: A dominant message and a non-dominant message.

After reading both messages, participants are assigned to one of two conditions: The positive relationship impact condition or the negative relationship impact condition. Accordingly, they will be asked to reflect on and write how the employee might react [positively/negatively] to the dominant message.

Next, they will choose which message to send to the employee.

Next, they will predict relationship and compliance outcomes for the dominant message.

Next, they will be asked about the extent to which they preferred the message they selected over the other message.

Next, they will indicate how much of the 1 Dollar pending bonus they wish to grant to their employee for each rate of possible performance on the difficult task.

Finally, they will complete a measure of competitive worldview.

Analysis plan

1. t-test: Difference between conditions in predicted relationship impact.
   
2. t-test: Difference between conditions in tendency to select the dominant message.
   
3. Mediation model: Condition (0 = negative relationship impact; 1 = positive relationship impact) as predictor; predicted relationship impact as mediator; selecting the dominant message as outcome.

Exploratory analysis

1. t-test: Difference between conditions in continuous measure of preference for dominant message.
   
2. t-test: Difference between conditions in predicted compliance.
   
3. Linear model: dominant message selection as outcome variable; condition as predictor variable; predicted compliance impact as control variable.
   
4. Mediation model: dominant message selection as outcome variable; predicted relationship impact and predicted compliance impact as simultaneous mediators; condition (0 = negative; 1 = positive) as predictor.
   
5. Linear model: dominant message selection as outcome variable; condition as predictor variable; competitive worldview as control variable.
   
6. Linear model: dominant message selection as outcome variable; interaction between competitive worldview and condition as predictor variables.
   
7. Linear model: predicted relationship impact as outcome variable; condition as predictor variable; competitive worldview as control variable.
   
8. Linear model: predicted relationship impact as outcome variable; interaction between competitive worldview and condition as predictor variables.

Eligibility

There were two attention checks.
1. The first one is a traditional “select this response” check.
2. The second one is a bot detector.

## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'att_1'. You can override using the
## `.groups` argument.

att_1	att_2	N	Perc
failed	passed	7	1.39
passed	failed	4	0.80
passed	passed	492	97.81

Great. That gives us a total of 492 eligible participants.

Demographics

Race

race	N	Perc
asian	47	9.55
black	55	11.18
hispanic	25	5.08
multiracial	21	4.27
white	335	68.09
NA	9	1.83

Gender

gender	N	Perc
man	249	50.61
woman	241	48.98
NA	2	0.41

Age

age_mean	age_sd
38.98545	11.55791

Education

edu	N	Perc
GED	104	21.14
2yearColl	62	12.60
4yearColl	224	45.53
MA	74	15.04
PHD	26	5.28
NA	2	0.41

Income

Manipulation

Before you make your choice of which message you want to send, think for a moment about how your employee might react [positively/negatively] to this message:\
By now you know the task at hand. It’s time to get in there and do your absolute best across all rounds. If you don’t complete it and do it well, you will not get the full bonus.

How and why might the employee have a [positive/negative] (or at least not [negative/positive]) reaction to that message, affecting their attitude towards the manager?

In the space below, please write 1-2 sentences about [positive/negative] thoughts or feelings they could have about the manager and their relationship with them.

cond	reflection
pos	It starts out positive, which is good. It is strongly worded, so that the person knows that it is up to them to do the job well and to get the bonus.
pos	I think this message is encouraging and also acknowledging that the employee is capable of doing the task and knowing what is ahead.
pos	I believe in a positive management style, as that is what I respond to better and what I have witnessed most other people responding better to.
pos	They might be motivated at the possibility of earning a bonus for their work. They also might find tougher words motivating.
neg	The employee could feel negative pressure. The relationship between manager and employee could be fractured. If my boss sent this to me, I would begin looking for a new job.
pos	No one wants someone to speak demeaningly to them. Honey attracts, vinegar offends. It’s motivating to be spoken to with positivity.
neg	I feel like the message is a tad harsh to be honest. It’s a little aggressive and just not that nice.
neg	I think they would feel as if their manager isn’t encouraging them to earn the bonus. I think they would feel their manager doesn’t believe in their ability to get the bonus.
pos	They might think the manager has confidence they can do the job well and that is why they were chosen for the task.
pos	The employee might think that they respect their manager and appreciate the effort they do to running the department, so they will do their best to ensure work is done correctly.
neg	The message provided has a very condescending tone, it devalues the employee’s worth to just their bonus.
neg	They might feel that they are being pressured and would not want to do their best
pos	The employee would feel motivated to achieve the bonus and feel like they have some ownership over their ability to earn more money.
pos	The employee might positively see the upcoming bonus as incentive for doing a good and thorough job. They could consider teamwork and that if they look out for their boss, their boss will also look out for them.
neg	They might feel pressured and resentful, they could take the message as a threat rather than encouragement. This could make them feel demotivated and viewing the manager as overly demanding. They might feel as if they’re focused only on their own bonus, potentially damaging the trust and relationship between them.
neg	They could view this message as negative because it seems more like a demand.
pos	This message would impact the employee negatively because it’s a very aggressive message. It comes off as a threat as in “do well or you don’t get paid”. I think a better approach is to encourage them rather than threaten.
pos	I would think that the positive aspect is telling them that they should do their best. That’s encouraging.
neg	The employee may see this as unfriendly and an ultimatum. Rather than focusing on success this seems more like a threat.
pos	They feel positive about being encouraged to do their best and the possibility of a bonus.
pos	The employee would have a positive reaction to knowing the manager has confidence in them, and that they have the potential to earn a bonus.
neg	It’s using negative reinforcement - this is the punishment for not doing it well.
neg	This message emphasizes what is at stake to be lost and can be felt like a threat.
neg	They might have a negative opinion about their manager taking away a bonus from them and that they are being controlled and punished.
neg	They might think that the manager is kind of rude and not very cordial. Although the manager is just telling the truth, it could have come across a bit friendlier.
neg	negative thoughts focus on not getting the full bonus, and focus on not performing well.
pos	They think the manager is the best at makeing sure their job goes easy and efficient.
pos	I think it seems to be slightly motivating. I think this may get the person to give it their all.
pos	We start by affirming the employee knows the task at hand suggesting there is confidence in their ability to perform the task successfully.
pos	the employee might feel negative because this message is almost degrading like knowing what to do and they might not know what to do with this description its mainly focused on getting the bonus
pos	They will know they will be rewarded for their hard work. I think with this incentive they will do really well in the task.
neg	The message appears single minded. It lacks compassion and motivation. The message appears like the manager wants the employee to perform well for the manager’s montary gains. This may decrease moral.
neg	It is a little threatening by noting what will happen if they don’t do well. It also is a little vague in terms of what doing well is.
neg	It might create negative feelings because it seems a bit curt and not very encouraging.
neg	It doesn’t really create an incentive or give encouragement. It seems more threatening.
pos	The employee may see this as a welcome challenge. Hopefully they would be incentivized to work toward getting the full bonus and doing their best!
neg	The message shows pressure on the employee to do well or have a negative repercussion of not receiving the bonus. The employee doesn’t want to be reminded of the negative consequences. A manager should give positive encouragement.
neg	The tone of the message may come across as threatening, which means the employee will feel pressured and it sets a potentially negative mindset for the task at hand. This negative mindset may also manifest into negative feelings about the manager, creating a negative relationship, albeit unintentionally.
pos	The employee might feel a bit more motivated knowing that there is a potential bonus involved. They might also feel that their manager sees value in them for assigning them this task in the first place.
neg	The message can sound a little threatening because the bonus will be withheld if they dont do good
pos	The message conveys a sense of trust in the employee - “time to get in there and do your absolute best” would make the employee feel as if the manager specifically selected them for this task based on their skillset.
neg	The employee would have a negative attitude because the statement mentions how compensation is tied to performance. Instead of leaving that out, if the employee does not receive the full bonus they know that the manager is unsatisfied with their job performance.
pos	While the message may seem curt, in truth, the manager is not being critical or mean. By presenting the scenario honestly, they are providing me with the knowledge I need to win, and expressing our shared motivations for the company to succeed.
pos	The above message hints that you (the boss) are the one who can withhold a bonus for completing the task correctly
neg	I feel as though my manager uses fear or threats to encourage me to do my job. I’d prefer if they would have a friendlier relationship with me.
neg	They could take offense to some of the wording such as now i now the task at hand but i could be a little discouraged if i don’t know many of the shapes.
pos	I think positively the employee would think it’s nice that the manager is so encouraging.
neg	This is not an encouraging message and could easily turn off a lot of employees. It also does not explain the task - it just says by now you know the task. I like how there was a summary in the other message.
pos	The message above will likely not give a positive reaction from the employee. The message is a bit demanding, and threatens rather than directs.
neg	People have different strengths and weaknesses. Not everyone will excel at this activity.
neg	This is a much more heavy-handed approach. It is not encouraging. It offers the incentive but without taking into account the employee’s general willingness to perform well.
neg	The employee could feel pressured or not valued. And see the message as more of a demand, not encouragement. This can negatively effect morale or motivation.
pos	The message is encouraging, but also sets a firm standard, which most people would respond positively to
pos	The tone of a message will describe the attitude used to complete a given task
pos	There would want to earn the bonus and look at it as a challenge and want to compete
neg	They could feel like they are being coerced to do something that does not really matter. It might feel like a hostile managerial dynamic.
neg	It may come across as a bit strident in tone. It may make them anxious that they won’t do well on it.
pos	The positive thought is that if the employee do well, they’ll get a bonus. Having the possibility to receive a bonus can be motivation for doing well.
neg	Knowing that their performance can affect the bonus might come off as negative and that if they do not do well then they do not deserve a bonus for their hard work.
pos	I feel they would be encouraged to do their hardest, and to not let the manager down. By doing their best and pushing forward to make sure they get that full bonus.
pos	They may be motivated by the bonus. This prompt emphasizes the appeal of the bonus and the opportunity to get more money.
neg	I think this has a threatening tone which will not inspire the employee. They will go into the assignment feeling pressured rather than encouraged and inspired. You have to build up an employee’s self esteem and confidence so they can do their best.
pos	Even though the message is a bit more stern, there is encouragement (e.g., “do your absolute best”). Also, by saying “by now you know the task at hand” the employee may think that the manager trusts them implicitly.
pos	The person could feel positively that the manager is so direct and straight-forward. They could also feel positively about the bonus they could earn.
neg	The task requires pressure to be put on the participants. This pressure might make them feel uneasy/uncomfortable
pos	The employee would believe that the manager has full faith in their skillset and maturity, to the point where explanations are not necessary.
pos	The worker might be motivated by the promise of the bonus and will want to do well
pos	This may have a positive effect as it shows the manager is focused on them being able to maximize their income.
pos	It sounds like they believe in the employees ability to do a good job because they say time to get in there and do your absolute best.
neg	The manager is setting up the employee for failure. There is pressure put on that will negatively affect the employee when they do not complete it or do well. The employee could start the task with anxiety.
neg	The way the statement is phrased ends negatively. It makes it sound like it would be a punishment to not receive the bonus.
pos	This message could be construed as trust in the employee. “it is time to get in here and do your absolute best…” could be seen as supportive.
pos	The employee will realize that there’s a bonus involved and that they will get more of the bonus if they do well. Even if they don’t, it’s implied they will get some of the bonus.
pos	It is positive because telling everyone to try their best means everyone has the best chance to get their respective bonus.
neg	This message is aggressive and sends an underlying message that the other person is only there to bring income to the sender of the message.
pos	I think the employee will have a positive reaction to the message because it’s very straight-forward but in a respectful way.
pos	An employee may be motivated by this message. Thinking if they will do well, they will win the favor of their manager.
pos	The employee may have a positive reaction to this message by being motivated by it to do the absolute best job that they can because of the financial incentive for doing so.
neg	They might worry they are not doing a good job and just give up. They might think that the manager is not concerned about them personally.
neg	They could (and should) perceive this message as a threat. They will not want to help the manager for the manager’s sake and may be inclined to do poorly or not put in effort just for the sake of spiting them.
pos	I would say a positive thought Ive had with a manager was receiving praise for my good work.
pos	You already know the task at hand. It would be great to get in there and do your best so that you win the highest bonus. You won’t win a bonus if you don’t do it well though…so get going!
neg	It’s giving them the perception of a lack of confidence from the manager. Including, “And do it well” may reduce the employees confidence and immediately put them in a poor headspace for the task.
neg	The message seems slightly harsh and cold. Telling them their bonus is depends on completion and doing well adds extra pressure that is really not necessary. The idea is always to complete the task and do well, so this goes without saying.
neg	The employee doesnt get the bonus. They probably don’t want to work hard for their manager.
pos	straight-forward, accountable, and direct. let’s the employee know the responsibility is in their hands
pos	This message is a direct call to action with a trailing consequence. It begins with a “pump up” calling for the employee to do their best. In my opinion, being direct is a positive thing. However I would recommend framing in what is possible rather than what won’t happen.
neg	It is threatening a bit by withholding some of the bonus for the worker.
pos	They would see the message as something that motivates them. They would know feeling negative in this situation will do nothing for them so they would focus on feeling positive.
pos	They may think that the manager has faith in them to do the best that they can for the task
neg	The dialogue is very impatient. They come across as extremely bossy I think.
pos	The positive thoughts the employee may have include working towards earning their full bonus.
pos	Well if they do their best they know they are entitled to a full bonus. It’s also direct and straightforward and some people benefit most from that.
neg	They will be under pressure of completing the tasks to get the bonus. So, they will thank their choice is restricted.
neg	They may have negative feelings because even though it says if you don’t complete it but still do your best you’ll get a bonus but not the complete bonus if you do well and complete the test. It may make them not want to work hard to finish the task because they feel like you don’t have faith in them to finish the task but you still will use them to try.
neg	This response is curt and threatening. The tone isn’t respectful.
pos	The employee might have a positive reaction to the manager and their relationship because the message uses mostly encouraging language.
neg	It seems like a high pressure task. The compensation seems performance based
neg	The ending part of this message sounds more like a threat. I think there is a potential for employees to feel afraid (or as though I’m trying to make them afraid) if I send this message
neg	This is a threat essentially. Do this or you don’t get this. It adds pressure and makes me not want to respect the manager.
pos	My manager is getting right down to the point of the task and encouraging me to do the best I can so I can get the full bonus. The manager has confidence in me that I know what to do in the task at hand.
neg	This message is worded in a way that feels almost like a threat of a punishment. The employee may have a negative reaction because they feel like they are being treated like a child rather than an adult who will complete tasks with integrity and responsibility.
pos	this may indeed put too much pressure on some people. i feel that a more casual and friendly approach may be better for the person/ persons taking the task at hand
pos	I think this message coveys a sense of respect to the employee because it is direct and not coddling. I feel like the employee would appreciate the manager’s confidence and the clarity of the message.
neg	Hmm some people might interpret this message as too pushy or overbearing.
pos	They could be excited to try for a full completion and may try their best.
neg	The employee may have a negative reaction to that message, affecting thier attitude towards the manager because it focuses on the negative rather than the positive. I initially had a negative reaction to this when I read it and preferred the latter of the two messages to send to my employee. A better message would have focused on the positive rather than the negative outcome.
neg	The message is kind of cold and lacking feeling. It is not positive or encouraging. It talks down to the employee as if they are inferior and aren’t seen as a real person.
neg	The manager is placing all the pressure on the employee and if the employee doesn’t do as expected, there will be no bonus.
pos	It makes it sound like the manager is trying to motivate them with using the bonus as an inventive. I think it would depend on the employees temperment if they would keep a positive attitude towards the manager honestly.
pos	The employee would know that I want the best for them and care about their money/earnings
neg	The message is almost accusatory and very aggressive. It reminds them of the consequences of failure rather than the benefits of success.
pos	They have a positive feeling towards the manager because they are encouraging them to do their absolute best. The manager motivated them to try their hardest.
pos	It makes the stakes very clear, so it removes any ambiguity. I suppose it would be motivating to know that your bonus is completely dependent on your performance.
pos	The employee could react positively to this message by realizing that the manager trusts them to do a good job on the task. Since there is a bonus attached to it then this means the task is important, so the employee views the manager as respecting their work if they are assigned this task.
neg	The employee might feel the manager is being mean or pushy, which could make them mad and less likely to trust them. They might think the manager only cares about getting the job done, not about helping them, which could mess up their relationship.
pos	I feel positive towards the message since they are trying to motivate and are honest.
neg	The employee might think that the manager is being too demanding and bossy. The tone of the message is not very friendly.
neg	They might see the punishment of lo0sing the full bonus and be more discouraged. It might be better to use the carrot over the stick so to speak.
pos	This message comes off as passive aggressive; but, there is an incentive at the end that may offset the initial harshness. The manager would most likely seen as a mean, cold person.
neg	It is not an encouraging message. It already puts a negative feel on the task at hand, putting negative emotions in the air.
neg	Threatening tone is to be avoided in order to encourage the employee to do well. Threatening the loss of the bonus won’t motivate them and will make them more likely to put forth minimal effort or no effort at all.
pos	One positive I see is that the manager is being fully transparent with his team as far as the results of the task. The manager also has faith in his team to comprehend the assignment and doesn’t need to repeat it.
neg	this feels putative. It’s a carrot and stick situation, but you’re wielding the stick like a cudgel. I’d be frustrated that my boss was making me do something with a threat.
pos	The first sentence of the message conveys confidence in the employee and their knowledge. They could believe that I think that they are capable and knowledgeable about the task.
pos	They might have a positive thought or feeling if they want to earn the bonus and also more so if they want to impress their manager
pos	The message is motivating. It feels like the manager wants the employee to take action and be successful at the task at hand. The manager seems invested in the employee’s performance and success.
neg	The last sentence of the message could be seen as being kind of infantilizing, as I read it as something a parent would say to explain consequences to their child. You could take out the “and do it well” and replace it with “and select the correct answers” to improve it.
neg	You may have negative thoughts and feelings while choosing the shape. You should just stay calm and continue to work on the task.
neg	It sounds threatening and unempathetic towards the employee.
pos	The employee might appreciate the manager’s directness and clear communication regarding expectations and consequences, fostering a sense of transparency.
pos	If the manager knows them well and understands how they respond to this type of message, it might be a positive message for them. The manager is encouraging them to do their best, and reminding them that the goal is to get the full bonus.
pos	Knowing that getting the full bonus depends on performance may inspire the employee to try their best.
neg	Well, I don’t think anyone likes to be threatened so they would not appreciate this message and would have a bad opinion of me.
pos	They would fully understand that if they do a good job, they would be able to get the $1 bonus.
pos	The employee will hear bonus and of course additional money would make anyone feel positive about a task. The message also feels like there is confidence in the employee and that too would have positive feelings
neg	Phrasing it in this way will make the employee feel like they don’t have a choice in the matter. It also kind of threatens a punishment if the job is not “well done”.
pos	The employee might appreciate the manager’s clear expectations and motivational push, feelign that the manager believes in their ability to succeed and values their effort enough to tie it to a tangible reward. this could foster a sense of trust in the manager’s directness and investment in their performance, strengthening their workign relationship.
neg	The manager is so threatening and thinks I’m a child.
pos	They would have a positive feeling knowing that if they do well they will receive more money.
neg	They probably see it as a threat to not pay them any bonus at all if they make a single mistake. I would have negative thoughts about this message as a result were I in their shoes.
pos	The employee might think positively about receiving the full bonus if they do their best and they want to please the manager.
neg	The wording at the end is a little abrasive. It sounds like a threat instead of encouragement, I would reword to be more positive. But I also want them to know that their work does have a financial reward.
neg	This feels like a threat. It doesn’t feel supportive either
pos	The employee may feel that the manager is being upfront about his expectations of how well the task should be completed.
pos	They are being incentivized to do their best on the task and have the pressure put on them.
pos	Conveys that the person doing the task is competent enough to do the task. Also mentions the bonus which is incentivizing
neg	The message is pretty short and snippy. It isn’t really encouraging, but focuses on the punishment.
neg	They would feel negatively pressured and more stressed about getting the answers correct. They might also intentionally get things wrong to spite the manager.
neg	This message has the potential to make them feel pressured or shamed. That might be effective motivation for some people, but I believe that for most it will stress them out and make them feel bad about themselves and put strain on our relationship. I don’t want them to feel that they’re letting me down.
pos	This message is encouraging in the sense that the manager is encouraging the employee to do the absolute best
neg	Because in this message I am not encouraging the. I am using a threat to withhold their bonus if they do not perform well.
pos	This statement might be encouraging the person to score the most points to earn maximum bonus.
neg	The first part of the message is fine, but the threatening nature of the third sentence does not sit well with me. The employee may feel pressured and unduly anxious while trying to complete the task.
pos	It reminds them their bonus is at risk and will be motivating to them. They also will see their boss and serious and not want to disappoint them.
neg	The message sounds authoritative and threatening. Making an employee feel included and supported is the best way to get the most work from an employee. Comments like ’you will not get the full bonus” are rather not encouraging.
pos	I think the employee may react positively to the idea of doing their absolute best during the round. I think the employee may think that the manager believes in them.
neg	The tone set makes them feel like they’ll disappoint their manager by not getting the full bonus. The employee won’t feel like they’re doing something right, just avoiding doing something wrong
neg	It is aggressive and judgmental and somewhat threatening. They might feel like I’m being rude.
pos	This seems like a more personal response compared to the other one which seems more robotic and generic
neg	This message sounds intimidating and stressful. Its worded as more of an order and threatens to take away bonus pay if the employee makes a mistake, it’s not at all encouraging.
neg	The message above seems pretty passive aggressive. As an employee I would not want to hear that, and as a manager I would not say that because it seems rude.
neg	I can see it being negative, because of the pressure of not receiving a bonus if they don’t complete the task. I think if the employees are more relax they won’t be too stress to reach an acceptable outcome.
pos	It explains the consequences and tries to get the employee excited about it. It encourages to win the bonus.
neg	there is an explicit negative threat that would offend many workers
pos	This message is straight to the point. There is no interpretation needed so exmployees might know exactly what the point of the task is and what is at stake
pos	The pressure to absolutely do your best and not accept any other outcomes creates a sense of unnecessary pressure on the employee to not make any mistakes. Mistakes are how we learn and grow, and to try to create a culture that avoids that is not conductive towards growth and development.
neg	If I were an employee a message like this world actually discourage me, I’d feel pressuredabout performing by my manager.
neg	The employee might feel that I was telling them to do well even if they are not going to get a bonus. They might feel as though they are being cheated.
pos	They may feel positive about the potential for getting the full bonus. They may feel like there is a no nonsense approach from the manager.
pos	I do not think the message the manage sent was a very encouraging one. I feel that the employee will be a bit taken aback by it’s gruff nature. The only good thing I think might come out of this is the manager might want the employee to be fired up and really want to impress the employer
pos	The employee would have a negative reaction to this message because it would put him/her under pressure.
pos	The employee would have a positive reaction to the message because they want to get into the task and get a full bonus.
neg	This message focuses on the negative and is very severe-sounding.
neg	It’s time to get in there and do your absolute best can be worded “ try to do your best so you can get the full bonus! “ the original sentence isn’t very enthusiastic or doesn’t get me excited about the bonus.
pos	The employ would be positively motivated so they could work hard for the bonus knowing it was on the line. It also positively motivates them by telling them they already understand the task.
neg	It has a feel of being very cold and direct. It will give the employee the feeling of being left alone without the managers support.
neg	It seems very straightforward, but it could also come across as cold which could make the employee feel under pressure.
neg	It sounds like a threat so everyone has negative thought about it.
neg	They might have a negative attitude towards the manager because it sounds aggressive and not supportive at all. It sounds as if an ultimatum is being given.
pos	Let’s do our best and go for the best bonus we can and share it with the entire group
neg	They might think I am being too harsh and only focused on the result and not how they’re feeling. They could also feel like i don’t trust them enough to do their work well
pos	The manager is encouraging and wants me to get the highest bonus possible.
pos	The employee might feel positively because the manager is emphasizing the possibility of a bonus, and not basing doing well on something unrelated to financial gain.
pos	This choice implies that I as manager, believe my employee can do well on this task. Employees like compliments
neg	The employee might feel pressured and micromanaged by the manager tone which comes off as demanding and transactional rather that supportive this could lead them to feel understand as if their effort is only being measured by the bonus outcome and not their overll contribution or well- being.
pos	The might respect my candidness if I send this kind of message. The message is straightforward and to the point. No sugar coating.
pos	it sounds like a coach pumping him up so that will give the courage to complete the job
pos	The manager is encouraging me to do my best. My manager wants me to earn a bonus for my hard work. My manager believes I can complete the task.
pos	It’s supportive and competitive sounding, to say “do your absolute best” is a good way to encourage someone to work hard.
pos	This message is best for somebody who likes challenges and is rewarded by hard work. Somebody who doesn’t mind being pushed to the limit in order to succeed would take this message positively.
neg	They might think that they are being judged with how they perform, which would make them feel very anxious moving forward.
pos	They might feel inspired and like they need to impress the manager
neg	This task is been known for a while. It is expected of you to get it done.
neg	The employee might react negatively towards the message because it sounds like a threat.
neg	The employee may feel like this message is pressuring them, and might be a vaguely threatening thing to read before this task. They might think the manager is desperate for a bonus as well.
pos	This is my chance to really go above and beyond and prove myself in this task.
neg	It seems almost threatening in nature. It’s also adding quite a bit of stress to the user by letting them know the consequences of failing.
pos	Although I don’t think they would have a good feeling about this, but i think it would be helpful as they feel like everythign is honest
pos	This message should motivate the employee to do their best because it is encouraging without being forceful, so they should not feel to much pressure when reading it.
pos	the employee might feel that the manager has high expectations and trust in their ability to suceed which can be motivating they could also appreciate the clear communications about the stakes seing the manager are someone.
neg	I don’t like how the manager is treating me. He is using money as a tool against me.
pos	By now you know about the task at hand. I know you will get in there and do the best you can around all the rounds. Understand, if you don’t complete the task nor do it well, you will unfortunately not receive the complete bonus but we know you tried.
pos	I think that the individual could have positive thoughts about this message because it appears that the message is encouraging. It gives the individual freedom to complete the task, and the manager is saying that all they need to do is to complete their absolute best.
neg	The manager may be condescending by saying that the employee needs to complete the task and do it well, as if the employee needs to be reminded that their normal work won’t be good enough. The employee might feel disrespected.
pos	The employee might have a positive reaction to this message because it is direct and straightforward as opposed to ambiguous
neg	Because it implies that the manager does not really have their back when it comes to the assignment. Its also more of an order than a team building exercise or something that the manager is being supportive with.
neg	This message puts too much emphasis on the bonus. It gives the sense that the employee will get in trouble if they don’t get a perfect score. This will raise the stress level, which increases the likelihood that they will mess up.
pos	They could have a positive reaction to that message because it indicates that they as the employee have control over their bonus and feel that they will be rewarded for doing well.
neg	They may think that the manager is implying they are incapable when they hear they will not get the bonus if they don’t work well.
neg	Someone may feel like pressure is on them to perform. They may feel like they have no choice to not do the task.
neg	The end of the message feels threatening, intimidating the employee about not getting a full bonus. It also feels commanding, stating that “it’s time to get in there and do your absolute best”.
neg	It may make them resent the manager or not work to the fullest capability.
neg	You are using a stick instead of a carrot. I think people would rather be praised/encouraged rather than threatened.
pos	They may feel positive that the manager has faith in the fact that they are well aware and capable of the task. They may also like the encouragement to go ahead and do their best.
neg	It assumes the employee knows the task already. Message sounds more demanding than encouraging.
neg	the message is kind of negative, so a negative response wouldn’t be odd to me. I think it’s basically a threat and not motivating them at all
neg	The tone of the sentences seem condescending therefore could be discouraging
pos	This message sounds most personally supportive. They know the task and and are psyching them up, not demanding.
pos	If the employee has a competitive nature, asking them to do their absolute best may activate that motivation. The phrase “It’s time to get in there” sounds very much like something a high school sports coach would say, and I feel like this would encourage the employee to see you as their coach.
neg	This message is not encouraging and comes across as a threat. If you don’t do it, you will not get the full bonus. It is not at all warm or friendly.
neg	The message is using the threat of not getting a bonus to try to inspire the person to do well. Not everyone responds well to threats, so it can be viewed very negatively.
pos	I believe it is implied in the message should the employee did a good job he will get a full bonus. So that’s the positive thing he will take from the message.
neg	‘Do your absolute best’ may put unwanted pressure on the employee. There’s also a difference between completing something and doing it well, the latter being an additional factor for the employed to worry about. I’d wager the employee might worry more about doing well than completing the task, feeling their manager only cares about what looks best and not the pressure their employee feels.
pos	I feel that adding the “if you don’t” part gives off a negative emotion. You want to encourage not scare.
neg	It seems a little demanding and could cause the employee to no longer want to complete the task. “get in there and do your absolute best across all round” isn’t encouraging but demanding.
pos	I think the whole message is positive. The last part may throw some pressure but it is not saying they will fail. I think if i received this message it would be clear and to the point.
neg	The employee could interpret this message as demoralizing and demanding. It leaves little to no room for human error, which can be frustrating!
neg	the employee might feel like i am badgering them to do the task. they may also feel like i am not being supportive in a positive and encouraging way.
neg	The employee can have a negative reaction due to this message containing more negative tone. It puts more weight on the employee as it brings in the fact that they will not get the complete bonus if they dont do a good job.
neg	They feel like their being pressured to perform well, if not they won’t be getting a bonus. It feels forced.
neg	I think it is pretty negative when it states “if you dont complete it and do well, you will not get the full bonus”
pos	The message seems energized and exciting. It is encouraging in a way that may pump up the person and encourage them to do well at the task.
pos	They would be motivated to do well. If they do well and get rewarded they will appreciate their manager.
pos	My manager thinks I can do my best. They want me to succeed so I will get my bonus.
pos	The employee might appreciate the manager’s directness and clarity. understanding that the message shows the manager has high expectation and believes they are capable of doing well.
pos	The employee may see this message as positive because the manager is suggesting that the employee typically does a great job and that on this task it should be no different.
pos	They are assuming they know the task at hand and don’t need a refresher. It also also fairly curt in the delivery.
neg	The employee might feel micromanaged, pressured, or threatened by the message, perceiving it as a lack of trust in their abilities.
neg	Well.. ..To say the least, this particular messaging is Patronizing. And, controlling. That, I make it sound like I’m the one who’s determining my employee’s fate, also, doesn’t help matters.
pos	The employee might feel respected and trusted by their manager, believing that their efforts are appreciated and the manager genuinely cares about their success. This positive perception can cultivate loyalty and a stronger sense of commitment to preforming at their best.
neg	the message sounds very aggressive and confrontational
pos	The employee might appreciate the directness and clear expectations from the manager, valuing the manager’s honesty about the bonus being tied to performance. This could foster a sense of trust and transparency in their professional relationship.
pos	The manager acknowledges that the employee has an understanding of the task. This will make the employee feel intelligent and is positive.
neg	It says the statement “if you don’t complete it and do it well” and then lists a consequence, you will not get the full bonus. It is concentrating on all negative things.
neg	The employee would likely have a negative perception of me if I chose to send this message because it comes off as strict and demeaning. I would not choose this message because it expects a lot from a stranger, and I think they would not care about me or the task at hand because they would see the situation as not that serious then perform poorly.
pos	The manager has a friendly demeanor and seems to want me to reach my full potential.
neg	The employee might feel as though you have little confidence in their integrity and work ethic and therefore feel the need to threaten them with their bonus to make them perform their work adequately.
pos	They might act positively to this thinking that they need to work really hard to get the bonus and they know up front what needs to be done and what’s expected. So it’s pretty transparent that the better they do the more bonus that they’ll receive.
pos	It does insinuate that you are capable of doing the project well enough for the full bonus. It also clearly lays out why you should pay attention to the assignment.
pos	The employee might have a positive impact or reaction to the message above only by knowing that the manager would want the absolute best for them. Also, knowing that the manager is a no-nonsense manager and frowns on failure would serve as a motivation.
neg	The message comes off demanding and cold, if I were the employee this would not motivate me to do well.
neg	They might think this message is very demanding and will react by thinking negatively towards the manager because he seems overbearing and stern.
pos	They’ll reach positively because I’m giving them words of encouragement and advice to do well. I win if they win.
pos	The employee might appreciate the mangers honesty and clear expectation, which can foster trust and motivate them to perform their best. They may also feel valued through direct communication, strengthening their respect for the manager.
neg	The employee might feel pressured or micromanaged, interpreting the message as demanding and unsupportive. this could lead them to view the manager as more focused on their own bonus than on encouraging mutual success.
pos	They could be happy that the boss is encouraging to their best and use that as a motivator
pos	Even though it’s hard to imagine getting a positive reaction to this message, maybe this kind of message could make a person feel more determined, and be grateful to the manager for being straightforward and honest about his expectations and the consequences of failing.
pos	i guess they would need to see this as tough love. this is rather factual rather than positive
neg	They might be worried about not receiving a bonus despite their best efforts
neg	It shows that their bonus is only contingent on this particular task. It does not look at the employee as a whole and their efforts in their day-to-day job.
neg	The second sentence is framed with a negative outcome (“you will not get the full bonus”). This may discourage the employee. It would be better to make a positive statement of the results of doing well.
neg	I think the above message is suggesting that the employee doesn’t normally do their best work. I would find it a little insulting. The message doesn’t sound very trusting of the employee
neg	My manager does not care about me. All he cares about is his own bottom-line.
neg	it sounds absolutist to me the person who sees this message will feel more pressure to complete the task flawlessly. The message does not encourage, instead it berates the user to perform well or else
pos	They could look up to their manager because the manager motiviates his workers. The manager might motivate them to do their best and to work hard for their goals, and the manager might show that he cares by investing time and training with their workers.
neg	i thunk he may be annoyed by the pressure and scared he may lose his job
neg	The message has a cold tone to it and is more or less about the bottom line. It’s not encourgaging it’s more so demanding.
pos	This Can Motivate and Help and Encourage Them To At Least Try Their Best and Work Very Hard to Earn the Bonus and Not Stress Out or Pressure Themselves and Don’t Slack Off With This Task.
neg	this message sounds like a threat and it focuses on the negative consequence.
neg	I do not feel the message has any words of encouragement. It lacks enthusiasm and appreciation. Further, the message is focusing on consequences over motivation.
neg	The employee might be pressured or undervalued, thinking the manager is only focused on result or not on their well-being, which could lead to frustration or depressed motivation.
neg	it would feel as though they will look down on you if you don’t do well or are not good enough if you don’t recieve the bonus. it would make me not want to try hard as it feels like part of the aspect should be to have fun
pos	they might have a positive reaction knowing there is a bonus and working towards that bonus. They might be grateful towards the manager for offering a bonus.
neg	They might feel more stressed or pressured into completing the task
pos	I think they may be motivated and want to do well to get the bonus.
neg	This message comes across as rude and demanding. By saying the employee will not get the full bonus if they fail to complete this task is threatening!
pos	I think some people would act positively to this message. They may like the thought that their fate is in their own hands and find that motivating.
pos	It is very direct to the point. It gives them specific direction on what to do.
pos	The employee might feel that the manager believes in their abilities and is counting on them, which could create a sense of trust and mutual responsibility. They may also appreciate the managers directness and clarity, seeing it as a sign of respect and professionalism rather than pressure.
pos	It gives off a vibe of ok let’s go! This can be very motivating and pump someone up giving them positive feelings toward their manager.
neg	I think that they may have some negative thoughts in the form of doubt that they could not do good. They may also feel some negativity associated with feeling pressure to work harder from the manager.
pos	I think they would feel like they are doing a great job and know their expectations.
pos	They will think the manager is encouraging and trying to help them earn as much as they can. They will be appreciative.
neg	I think the employee would think that this would be a negative message to receive because it is kind of threatening. I think they would not like their manager is they were to receive this type of message.
neg	An employee might think that the manager does not appreciate their hard work already.
pos	i think that the employee could think of this message positively because they would be encouraged by the idea of getting the bonus, therefor it would make them do their best and work hard to achieve that.
neg	The employee can feel like the manager is putting too much pressure on them or even threatening them.
neg	The employee might not care about the bonus or completing the task. The message sounds condescending to the employee.
pos	There is a bit of encouragement for the employee about how this task needs to be done. I can see that when the manager says to the employee to do their absolute best.
pos	The words of encouragement to do their best can be seen as positive.
pos	They might be a person that could work well under pressure and feel more motived by a message like this and think the manager is strict but fair.
neg	The implied threat of not receiving the full bonus if the employee does not do their best is a sure deterrent towards a positive interaction. They would consider the manager domineering and believe that the manager doubts their intelligence and work ethic.
neg	because it is kind of curt. Like matter of factish not pleasant at all I would feel a certain way being spoken to like that
pos	The employee could view the message positively if they think about the reward they will get of the full bonus by working hard .
pos	I will do my best and get the job done as I realize how important it is.
neg	If I send that message, the employee will feel pressured to do well and get nervous. If that happens, they might not perform well hence not earn the bonus.
pos	The positive thoughts could be the willingness to complete the task that is asked of them and to do their best. They are also reminded about the bonus that they could receive.
pos	They understand the task as well as the objective. There is a clear guideline on how to get the entire bonus.
pos	The overall sentiment is fairly uplifting intended to stoke their motivation. I could imagine pride from having done well being a big motivator as well.
pos	I think the employee could feel encouraged by the manager telling them to do their absolute best across all the rounds. It also fosters a working relationship between the manager and employee, where the employee’s performance correlates to the bonus they receive.
neg	This isn’t encouraging. It sounds threatening, and likely wouldn’t encourage the employee or make them feel like a team member.
pos	They may be thankful you are letting them know the bonus depends on it. They will want to get a good bonus
pos	It is encouraging and lets them know that I think the employees are capable. And by putting in there that there is a bonus on the line, that helps to motivate
pos	The only positive aspect I get from this prompt is that it seems to push you to do your best; it seems encouraging.
neg	In this kind of scenario you want to avoid pressure, but the manager seems to not consider that an dis focused on the bonus more than the employee
neg	The employee could feel threatened by the language used in an “or else” capacity. As in, you WILL do a great job or else you will NOT receive the bonus. It lacks encouragement, and also incites fear in the employee.
pos	It’s time to get in there and do the absolute best across all rounds. This is a very enclosed statement, letting the employee know that they have an opportunity to put forth their best efforts to succeed.
pos	I think the message could have a positive reaction to the message because they would appreciate knowing they might not get a full bonus if they don’t complete the task. I think the message may also come across as trying to build them up, which they might appreciate.
pos	The manager is upfront about the situation and there will be no surprises. One could also imply that if the employee completes the task and does it well, they will get a full bonus.
neg	They might think that the manager expects perfection which is hard for even the most talented people to do. It also might think the manager is looking for way to not give them the bonus.
neg	It is threatening. I would probably react badly to it.
neg	This message feels very impersonal and an employee may catch on to that. It feels threatening and does not seem like the employee is valued.
pos	The employee can feel like the manager would have faith in them in their abilities to complete tasks.
neg	The employee might feel the manager is being pushy or doesn’t trust them, which could make them less motivated or annoyed.
pos	They might feel that their manager is concerned about their bonus and trying to push them to do well. They might take the push as positive encouragement and get energized from the motivation. They will feel that the manager cares about their success.
pos	It’s possible that the employee might see the use of the phrase “do your absolute best” as encouragement. Beyond that I don’t think an employee would react positively to this message.
neg	It sounds vaguely threatening that you would withhold pay based on performance. Working under that type of pressure is quite negative.
neg	The employee might feel pressured or threated by the tone of the message interpreting its as controlling or overly demanding this could lead to resentment or reduced motivation as it suggests the manager is more focused on performance and bonces than on mutual respect
pos	This message will clarify to my employee what is at stake and how hard he is expected to work on this project.
pos	It might feel really like a pep talk in a positive they way they would feel motivated.
neg	The message is a bit pushy and also a bit threatening about the bonus.
pos	They could feel positively about the manager because the manager is encouraging them to get a bonus for themselves.
pos	The positive attitude will be tainted due the words used and how the message is redacted. It feels more like a thread if not respond correctly. But if the relationship is good enough that will encourage worker to do their best.
neg	They may feel that their manager only cares about the bonus and about producing an optimal outcome, not about them.
pos	That’s not a very good message. But they might have a non-negative reaction because the message explains what needs to be done and what happens when it is done correctly. They might feel their manager is being clear in their communication with them.
neg	They would have a negative reaction to the message because it sounds like a threat, there will not be a bonus if they don’t perform well. The way it’s worded could trigger resistance in the employee, it sounds like it’s an order.
pos	I think the employee could have a positive reaction because it sounds like the manager is making it competitive. If the employee is competitive by nature it’ll fuel him to want to win.
pos	This stresses the relationship and the confidence the manager has in employee. The implication is that if employee does his best a bonus will be crested. This implies that the manager believes the employee can do the task.
neg	The message sounds very condescending and demanding. It is not necessarily disrespectful but it just seems cold saying do it and do it 100% right or you won’t get paid for it.
pos	The first two sentences are encouraging and get the blood pumping. Talk about “at hand” or “it’s time” makes it seem like this is a long anticipated exciting event (even though it’s not really haha)
pos	The message is giving confidence to the employee by reiterating their skills and encouraging but saying bonus at the end of the reading
neg	The employee will have a negative reaction to that message because the tone is very annoying and threatening.
pos	I think its motivating. It sounds like they want me to succeed and this message doesnt come across as condescending or rude.
pos	The employee if they are competitive in nature could see that as a fun challenge or game. The trophy is the bonus reward and could help with the motivation to do well.
neg	I Think that would be too harsh to send to employees. In many cases you don’t want to punish but rather reward your employees.
pos	manager is encouraging and cheering me on, they believe in me to do the task
pos	The message is brief and straightforward. It does not feel patronizing and it indicates a level of confidence in the employee’s ability to complete the task.
neg	It sounds like the employee might hear: You have to do this. You have to do that, And, your livelihood depends on this task. It’s quite ominous.
pos	It’s straightforward and clear. It explains the whole goal clearly.
pos	It encourages them to do their best so they can get as much money as possible.
pos	The message could give the employee a sense of hope and a little challenge in knowing that they could receive the full bonus.
neg	The text is not encouraging and, instead, the participant might see the message as belittling and manipulative.
pos	I believe the employee could feel that their manager believes in their ability to do this task.
neg	The employee might have a negative reaction to the message because it directly subjects them to the association of their bonus with their performance, which can potentially pressure them.
neg	This message is somewhat demanding and punitive. It threatens poor performance with reduced bonus, which could make an employee resentful or fearful towards the manager. This is not a productive way to build trust and rapport with an employee, in my opinion.
pos	The harder they work, the more bonus they can potentially receive
neg	It could come off as passive aggressive and they may feel inclined to do bad out of spite.
pos	The employee might react positively to the message to ensure they receive the full bonus.
neg	The statement ends by emphasizing the negative consequence of not achieving the goal. Ending on a negative note could invoke negative responses.
pos	The manager sounds like they are being encouraging. The employee could react positively in that they could feel that the manager is looking out for their interest in making sure they get the full bonus.
neg	In this message it is right to the point however it is very rude and not very encouraging. I feel this message could make the employee nervous and worry some, by applying too much pressure on the employee.
pos	The tone of this message has a threatening quality. It also implies the absolute best hasnt been applied in previous situations. These seem like orders and as an employee would probably tune out with a bit of resentment regarding the tone
neg	They might think it is negative because you are putting a lot of pressure on them.
pos	This message gets across confidence in their employee, the manager expresses trust that the employee knows the task, and trusts them to get in there and do it. Potentially the employee understands the sentiment of a bonus as a positive motivator.
pos	Assuming the employee respects their manager, they will want to prove and reinforce their capabilities, meaning their motivated and focused to perform well.
pos	The employee might feel that their manager believes they are competent and skilled and that this message is their way of encouraging the employee to perform their best. The employee might feel motivated to work hard.
neg	Well, the message is a threat, and no one likes being threatened. Even if the employee is a bit more motivated because they now know the cost of failure, they’ll remember that their manager threatened them to do well “or else.”
neg	they might have a negative reaction to it because it seems harsh and blunt without a lot of niceness added
pos	If the employee and the manager have a good relationship built on trust and respect then the employee will be all in on the task and put forth maximum effort.
neg	My employee might have a negative reaction to this message because it makes me sound bossy and pushy as a boss and manager of him/her and that I expect too much out of him/her. It also makes it appear that I am perfectionist boss who expects my employees to perform flawless always otherwise, I won’t pay them and that I am unforgiving about any of their mistakes, which could lead to me having a bad relationship with my employees and cause my employees to quit because my employees may feel that I am an overbearing, perfectionistic, pushy, and bossy manager.
pos	They might think that the manager is dedicated and decisive. If the manager has the ability to handle the instruction with clarity then hopefully he or she can teach the material with clarity as well. It seems as if the manager cares about rewarding good work and will do so fairly
pos	It’s not very encouraging, it seems harsh. I would not feel motivated to complete my tasks. Feels like pep talk done poorly
neg	This message sounds too negative and forceful. I think this would make the employee not work as hard out of spite.
pos	They might believe that the manager has confidence in them to complete the task well.
neg	They may feel concerned that this may be a trick, and there could be a good chance even if they did relatively well they may still miss a good portion of the bonus.
neg	It seems kind of pushy, or bossy. Yes, I know that I am the boss but this is not the way I would address anyone if I wanted positive results.
neg	The employee reading this message might take the meesage the wrong way because he may feel like it’s an absolute necessity that he finishes the tasks so that he can receive the bonus.
pos	The positive response might be that they are encouraged to try their best because they want that full bonus, and I think that the language is very, “Let’s get to it and do this!” which can be encouraging.
pos	They could see the manager as being direct and straightforward. This message makes it clear that their bonus is at stake which could motivate them to do better than if this was not stated, which would be appreciated.
pos	They might think that the manager knows that they know what to do and thinks that they are competent enough to know the task.
neg	The employee might feel distrusted and that the manager only cares about their own bonus, negatively impacting their attitude.
neg	It comes off as slightly condescending as if there is a consequnce with the shapes are not picked correctly. Also, it’s slightly threatning to say if the group doesn’t get it done then there is no bonus, it perceives as the bonus is the most important above everyone else.
neg	People generally respond negatively to threats, and when they are made to fear that they will not be able to earn something that was promised to them. It is demoralizing and does not improve performance
pos	The message is clear and straight to the point. It is just a friendly reminder to perform as best as they can.
pos	The message is very encouraging. It motivates employees and encourages them to do their best.
pos	The second sentence in the paragraph is very encouraging and is pushing them to do their best.
neg	There is a threat of a small or no bonus for poor performance which isn’t enticing.
pos	…there wouldn’t be I feel like I’m being motivated even though I’m already motivated enough. Also annoying so-to-speak statements like “get in there” follow by capitalist nonsense “PERFORM WELL OR ELSE NO PAY” no. So I’ll lie - the “employee” might feel positively towards their “boss” because the “boss” is “offering” a “bonus”.
pos	The manager is being positive by cheering her on. Even mentioned the bonus to give the employee a nice little push.
neg	The employee might feel pressured and undervalued, interpreting the message as harsh, with more emphasis on consequences than support. This could lead to a sense that the manager lacks empathy and appreciation for their efforts.
neg	It puts a lot of pressure on the employee to perform well that might not be well received. They may not feel encouraged to try their best even if they make a mistake.
neg	The last sentence of this message almost feels like a threat. Instead of saying “if you do well, you get a bonus” it’s very negative by saying what WON’T happen (“if you don’t do well, you won’t get the full bonus”)
neg	It sounds more demanding rather than just asking. It makes me think that I am forced to get them all right, if not then I won’t receive anything at all.
neg	The employee might feel pressured or micromanaged by the store by the tone of the message interpreting it as controlling or overly demanding this could make them feel undervalued or distrusted and potentially straining their relationship with the manager.
neg	The last sentence: if you don’t complete it and do well, you will not get the full bonus. This is what adds a negative connotation to the message. It might make the employee turn the task into an emotional one. Giving them performance anxiety and may cause them to make a mistake
pos	It’s a motivating message that gets right to the point. They know where this manager is coming from.
pos	They would react as if they were a key player that was specifically chosen for the task and should try their hardest to complete it well and on time. It would feel honored that their manager chose them for the specific task and would feel a tremendous amount of responsibility to not let them down.
pos	They could react positively to message by seeing the manager has confidence in them. The opening sentence implies that the manager believes the employee is already competent and trusts them to know what to do.
neg	I feel that the statement is negative because it is very strong, and is overall negative. It comes across as that the employee is not automatically going to succeed.
neg	I think it sends a bit of an ultimatum. It starts out positively, but then calling out not getting a full bonus kinda makes it feel negative. I would not be inspired by a manager like this.
pos	They may not have a negative effect because they see their manager being completely candid in telling them that their performance is completely correlated to the bonus
neg	This message is not encouraging it is threatening. It is written as if you assume that they will not work hard and do their best. Therefore, it is actually quite negative.
neg	It’s not encouraging, it’s threatening them. “Do well or lose money.” That leads to workplace resentment.
neg	The employee may not feel encouraged and feel the manager is demanding when the words “get in there” are used. Also, the employee may feel negative and doubtful of his or her abilities and if the manager truly cares about him or her when the manager uses the words, “If you don’t complete it and do well….”.
pos	They see a reward for their hard work. It allows them to want to desire the full bonus
pos	They may feel as if they are being supported by their manager. A positive feeling they might have is that their manager trusts them to do well.
pos	They may feel that the manager is exacting and has high standards. This is a manager you want to work hard to impress as they will not accept excuses.
neg	This message does not come across in a good manner. It feels rude and cold.
neg	This message is not very encouraging or positive. It’s actually a bit threatening.
pos	As much as he is letting him know what is at stake, in moments like this its better to focus more on how relaxed he is and for him to do what he know he can without panicking
neg	I can imagine the feeling a bit neglected and like they haven’t been given proper direction.
pos	A positive reaction may be elicited due to the monetary incentive that comes with completing the task. There is also no indication for any sort of penalty for not doing his best– just not getting the full bonus.
neg	This message is very negative and will not help the employee feel valuable. There are better ways to get this message across to the employee.
pos	The employee could feel joy and gratitude that I am providing them with an opportunity to earn a bonus.
pos	The employee could feel the manager is really encouraging them and genuinely wants them to do a good job. They could feel supported by the straight forward message.
pos	The employee should feel that the manager trust their ability to perform well and is setting a clear goal for them. They might be motivated by the opportunity to earn the full bonus through their hard work.
pos	Of the two options, I thought this one seemed the more harsh message. I suppose the employee could react positively by being encouraged to do their best across all parts of the work, and to be incentivized by receiving a full bonus. I could see how this could affect a more positive attitude towards the manager by being seen as an encouraging team leader.
neg	They would probably feel resentful that their manager is saying they won’t get the full bonus if they don’t do well on the task. They would feel like the manager is trying to push them around and is implying that the employee won’t actually do the job well enough to get the bonus.
pos	The employee might appreciate the manager directions and clear expectations interpreting the message as a sign that the manager believes in their capabilities and is counting on them to succeed
pos	This individual perceives the manager as goal oriented and focused on ensuring success of the employees. The manager wants the employees to reap monetary benefits as well as inspiring an objective-driven attitude.
neg	To start with the tone is dismissive. Although the manager thinks they might be being supportive they are not. And it comes across as punishment if they don’t do a good job
pos	The bonus will give them motivation to do well and feel like they want to show their manager they are capacble.
neg	The employee may feel threatened or pressured by the message and think the manager is being unsupportive. This could cause resentment. Which then will decrease motivation and cause lack of trust, making the employee feel devalued.
pos	It encourages the employee to perform at their best
pos	The above statement is positive and gives the impression that we’re all working together for a specific purpose. It’s a request and not an order which refreshing.
neg	I think this message comes across as a bit mean spirited and rude. They might not want to try their best if given this message.
pos	It was straight forward, but I appreciate that it is so I know what to expect. That way I have a better chance to get the bonus.
neg	This message is not encouraging. It makes the manager seem like they must care about the money
pos	They may react positively because it makes mention of the bonus. This naturally would entice someone to do their best because they know they will be receiving a reward for putting in extra effort.
neg	This message is motivating, but also includes consequences for not performing. If the employee doesn’t respond well to authority and direct tasking, it could cause them to be de-motivated and not participate fully.
neg	The first message is condescending since it assumes to a degree that the employee may not be listening. There are also other assumptions around not doing their best including the possibility of not receiving a bonus.
neg	It puts pressure on the employee to product and that they’re being watched and evaluated.
neg	The message is a bit cold. However, I’m of the school where I greatly appreciate cold, hard facts. I don’t have a problem with the message, but I can see how someone else might have a problem with it.
pos	By telling them “do your absolute best”, I believe the employee would have a positive reaction because it isn’t setting an amount that has to be answered correctly which would make someone feel anxious about getting the set amount correctly. The employee was told to complete the whole task in order to get their whole bonus also, which wouldn’t feel as stressful either.
pos	It is a bit more stick and less carrot. Its not very nice but does encourage them to do a good job
neg	This message could seem negative because the manager sound like he is making a threat to the employee. The manager is threatening to withhold bonus money if the employee doesn;t do his best.
neg	I believe the tone of the message is coming as aggressive. The message is enough to get the employee tensed and anxious throughout the task. His performance could be affected and his reservations about the manager would not be the best.
neg	It just feels like the manager doesn’t believe in the employee’s ability to do this task well.
neg	They would feel so much pressure to do well. If they don’t it would have a negative consequence.
pos	The employee could have a positive attitude towards the manager for having honesty in their message. I can see someone appreciating the manager being direct with the importance of doing their absolute best.
pos	As an employee, I would appreciate the managers honesty, as well as their positivity about the task at hand. It seems like the manager has faith that the task can be done
neg	This message comes across as pushy and rude. It also is somewhat threatening in the way it discusses the bonus, and I think this is the wrong way to go about it, as it’s not encouraging, and is almost already putting the employee down.
neg	Because this particular message implies that there bonus entirely relies on how well they can perform the task almost in a threatening manner. To them it creates unnecessary pressure to do well or they will not recieve anything at all when that is indeed not the case.
pos	They might have a positive reaction because they see there is an opportunity to earn a bonus.
neg	The above note sounds more like a threat than a choice. I think most people would do better with a note encouranging them rather than threatening them.
pos	This message doesn’t sound very positive. I would imagine the employee feels pressured to do well on the task under the threat of not receiving a bonus.
pos	I get the feeling that this message credits the employee as a skilled worker.
neg	There could be a perception of a threat since some possible money can be held back. It is slightly demanding towards performance.
neg	The employee might feel pressured or micromanaged by the message interpreting it as a lack of trust in their effort
neg	I’m basically threatening the employee by saying if they don’t perform well, they won’t get the full bonus. Is this called negative reinforcement? Whatever it’s called, I feel like it would possibly add pressure and make the employee perform worse. Or maybe even cause the employee to perform worse on purpose out of spite. It would make the employee feel controlled and lower on the ladder. No one like to be talked down to.
neg	The employee might feel pressured or threatened by the tone, interpreting it as demanding and unsupportive. This could lead to resentment or reduced motivation, damaging trust and making them feel the manager cares more about their own bonus than the employee’s effort.
neg	The message seems like it’s a threat. It might upset them.
neg	it sounds demanding and degrading. like you are talking down to them. Not a fan.
pos	This message could be seen as somewhat positive, and a tad bit encouraging for the employee to get the bonus. Do your absolute best… seems encouraging, but it’s not.
pos	The only positive messaging in this is that there’s a chance to get a bonus.
pos	They might appreciate the straightforward approach to discussing the task at hand.
pos	I think the positive is that they could get a bonus if they perform well.
neg	The employee would be engaging in this activity with a negative mindset. There is no positive reinforcement of how well the employee could possible do with this challenging task. The better method would be compliment the employee in a way that makes them feel good about the task ahead and that they can do it well.
neg	I think that the employee would view this message negatively since it states if you don’t complete it and do well you will not get the full bonus. In many ways the employee can view this as a threat and feel negatively about how this was worded
neg	They would think if they did not get the full bonus, that the task and themselves were failures instead of praising the effort they gave to the task.
pos	The employee will receive clear directives with concise explanations of the positive or negative consequences, should they complete the challenge.
pos	I feel like it’s an uplifting message and they would take it positively and want to do their best.
neg	they would say that the manager is pressuring them to do a good job and they feel pressured to “be smart”
pos	It sounds a little more conversational, which implies a less strict relationship between manager and employee. They’re telling them to do their best which may also be more positive and the possibility of a bonus helps.
pos	The phrase “do your absolute best” is encouraging.
neg	This message sounds condescending and demeaning. The tone is negative and it sounds threatening.
neg	The manager is rude and doesn’t encourage. The manager is selfish.
neg	The message is curt and not motivating at all. Encouragement would be my preferred approach.
neg	Perhaps they are not fast on tasks and feels it will impact their earnings.
neg	The employee might feel respected and trusted by their manager, believing that their efforts are appreciated and the manager genuinely cares about their success.
neg	They might feel like they are not valued enough with that attitude
pos	They may feel challenged to do the task at hand. They may feel bad they will be rewarded
pos	This message might help to motivate the employee more and make them feel ready to tackle the task at hand. It also reminds the employee of what they could stand to lose if they don’t do a complete and accurate job of it.
pos	I think the employee would feel motivated, like they are being pushed.
neg	The employee might find this message negative as it puts pressure on the employee, its not supportive and feels threatening. the employee also might have figured out that the boss just wants their bonus
pos	I like that my manager trusts that I know how to handle this task.
neg	it comes of in a very condescending tone. i already know what needs to be done, theres no reason to treat me like i dont know what im doing
neg	The first sentence sounds very ominous, like we are in a Mission Impossible movie. Yes we both want the bonus, but it’s not that serious. I think that level of response is a little much.
neg	The employee might react negatively due to the threat of not receiving a bonus. Rather than encouraging, this message is scaring.
pos	It does show a trust that the employee has competency in understanding the task. It encourages them to do their best.
pos	The employee might react positively to this message because it is a chance to show their skills and to take pride in completing good work.
pos	Based on the message, I don’t think they would have any positive thoughts towards the manager. I think they would feel pressured and anxious.
neg	I WOULD THINK THEY WOULD FEEL LIKE THEY ARE BEING USED JUST TO GET A BONUS FOR THE EMPLOYER .THEY COULD HAVE WENT ABOUT IT A DIFFERENT WAY TO GET THE EMPLOYEE TO DO THE THINGS HE WANTED .
neg	The message just sounds off-putting and puts unnecessary stress on the worker and low-key sort of threatens them.
pos	The employee might appreciate the manager’s frankness and transparency. This could be helpful to build trust between them as the manager is being honest about trade offs rather than being vague.
neg	I feel like this message would generate a negative response as you’re borderline threatening them if you don’t do this well, your money is at stake. Threatening one’s pay is always going to have a negative reaction, regardless if you’ll follow through.
neg	Employee might see this as a threat. This does not motivate with positivity instead it uses a negative outcome.
neg	It already seems punitive or like the manager does not have faith that they would put forth their best effort.
pos	It seems more personal and is encouraging the employee to do their best. It also tells them the truth of the matter and doesn’t hide anything.
neg	This message feels a bit like a threat to the employee. I think lots of people would react negatively to this sort of message and its blunt, rather rude tone. It would make me feel resentful towards my manager.
pos	It would be seen as fully trusting the employee. By not micro managing the employee they see trust in you.
pos	I don’t think that this is a very positive message to send to the employee I think it would make them feel threatened and I would prefer to give a more positive message
pos	They might have somewhat positive thoughts about the managers message because of how bittersweet it sounds at motivating them to get the task done right or they’ll receive no bonus pay.
neg	I think the employee might take this negatively because it feels like a like a threat. It also puts pressure on the employee without giving all of the details so that they can understand the situation completely.
neg	This message isn’t very inspiring. Something a bit more motivating and cheery would be better.
neg	an employee might react negatively because the statement is very direct and doesn’t take their feelings into consideration.
pos	He is professional and straight to the point, there is no messing around with him
neg	This message is kind of ominous and negative. There is a threat at the end which is not going to make the employee feel good about the manager
neg	I think this message is negative because it states if you do not do well you will not get a full bonus. Guessing shapes shouldn’t determine whether or not you deserve a bonus. Hard work and dedication should determine the amount of as bonus.
neg	I think you shouldn’t use money as a threatening tool because they will focus and worry about their performance which can really mess up someone’s potential game play.
pos	The employee might have a positive reaction to this message because they would be incentivized by the bonus to do as well as possible

Measures

Choice

Which of the following messages do you wish to send to your employee?

1 By now you know the task at hand. It’s time to get in there and do your absolute best across all rounds. If you don’t complete it and do it well, you will not get the full bonus.
0 Your job in this task is to select the shapes that match the description. Please make sure you look at them carefully. It would be great if you can get as many of them right as possible.

choicedom	N	Perc
0	392	79.67
1	100	20.33

Predictions

All predictions are for the dominant message - regardless of what they selected one question prior.

Attitude impact

What will be the impact of this message on your employee’s attitude towards you? (1 = Extremely Negative to 7 = Extremely Positive)

Compliance impact (do or skip task)

Do you think your employee will choose to do the task and have a chance for a bonus of up to $2? Or will they opt to skip the task and the chance for a bonus?

pred_choice	N	Perc
do	365	74.19
skip	127	25.81

Compliance impact (points)

If they choose to do the task after receiving this message, how well will they perform? Their performance can range from 0 points up to 50 points (for perfect performance).

Continuous preference

This was the message that you selected:

[SELECTED-MESSAGE]

To what extent did you prefer this message over the other one? (1 = Slightly preferred this message to 3 = Strongly preferred this message)

recoded into a single 6-point scale based on their selection (1 = Strongly preferred non-dominant message to 6 = Strongly preferred dominant message)

Punish decision

For each level of their performance below, please indicate what bonus you would like them to receive. You can select between 0 and 100 cents for each. 100 cents is the full $1.00.

Competitive Worldview

1. It’s a dog-eat-dog world where you have to be ruthless at times
   
2. Life is not governed by the “survival of the fittest.” We should let compassion and moral laws be our guide [R]
   
3. There is really no such thing as “right” and “wrong.” It all boils down to what you can get away with
   
4. One of the most useful skills a person should develop is how to look someone straight in the eye and lie convincingly
   
5. It is better to be loved than to be feared [R]
   
6. My knowledge and experience tell me that the social world we live in is basically a competitive “jungle” in which the fittest survive and succeed, in which power, wealth, and winning are everything, and might is right
   
7. Do unto others as you would have them do unto you, and never do anything unfair to someone else [R]
   
8. Basically people are objects to be quietly and coolly manipulated for one’s own benefit
   
9. Honesty is the best policy in all cases [R]
   
10. One should give others the benefit of the doubt. Most people are trustworthy if you have faith in them [R]

Cronbach’s alpha = 0.79

Analysis Plan

Predicted attitude from dominant message

cond	N	Mean	SD
neg	245	3.306122	1.674349
pos	247	4.392713	1.648980

t(489.73) = -7.25, p = 0, Lower CI = -1.38, Upper CI = -0.79, d = -0.66.

DV: Message selection

cond	N	Mean	SD
neg	245	0.1102041	0.3137850
pos	247	0.2955466	0.4572145

t(435.98) = -5.25, p = 0, Lower CI = -0.25, Upper CI = -0.12, d = -0.5.

Mediation Model: Condition -> manipulation check -> DV

Mediation model: Condition (1 = positive; 0 = negative) as predictor; predicted relationship impact as mediator; dominant message selection as outcome variable.

m1 <- psych::mediate(choicedom ~ cond_num + (pred_att),data = df_recd_elg,std = T,n.iter = 10000)

a = 0.31 (p = 0)
b = 0.23 (p = 0)
c = 0.23 (p = 0)
c’= 0.16 (p = 0)

Exploratory analysis

Continuous message preference

cond	N	Mean	SD
neg	245	1.832653	1.177206
pos	247	2.538461	1.629735

t(447.92) = -5.51, p = 0, Lower CI = -0.96, Upper CI = -0.45, d = -0.52.

Predicted compliance

cond	N	Mean	SD
neg	245	34.48163	10.455442
pos	247	37.06073	9.535149

t(485.15) = -2.86, p = 0.004, Lower CI = -4.35, Upper CI = -0.81, d = -0.26.

Predicted compliance as control

Linear model: dominant message selection as outcome variable; condition as predictor variable; predicted compliance impact as control variable.

term	estimate	conf.int	statistic	df	p.value
Intercept	-0.13	[-0.26, 0.00]	-2.01	489	.045
Cond num	0.17	[0.10, 0.24]	4.76	489	< .001
Pred comp	0.01	[0.00, 0.01]	4.00	489	< .001

Simultaneous mediators: predicted relationship impact and predicted compliance impact

Mediation model: Condition (1 = positive; 0 = negative) as predictor; predicted relationship impact and predicted compliance impact as mediators; dominant message selection as outcome variable.

m1 <- psych::mediate(choicedom ~ cond_num + (pred_att) + (pred_comp),data = df_recd_elg,std = T,n.iter = 10000)

attitude a = 0.31 (p = 0)
attitude b = 0.19 (p = 0)
compliance a = 0.13 (p = 0.004)
compliance b = 0.09 (p = 0.05)
c = 0.23 (p = 0)
c’= 0.16 (p = 0)

Message selection as DV: CWV as control

Linear model: dominant message selection as outcome variable; condition as predictor variable; competitive worldview as control variable.

term	estimate	conf.int	statistic	df	p.value
Intercept	0.04	[-0.09, 0.16]	0.58	489	.565
Cond num	0.18	[0.11, 0.25]	5.22	489	< .001
CWV	0.03	[-0.01, 0.07]	1.28	489	.200

Message selection as DV: CWV as moderator

Linear model: dominant message selection as outcome variable; condition as predictor variable; competitive worldview as moderator.

term	estimate	conf.int	statistic	df	p.value
Intercept	-0.07	[-0.23, 0.10]	-0.78	488	.438
Cond num	0.39	[0.15, 0.63]	3.23	488	.001
CWV	0.07	[0.01, 0.13]	2.17	488	.031
Cond num \(\times\) CWV	-0.08	[-0.16, 0.01]	-1.78	488	.076

Predicted relationship impact as DV: CWV as control

Linear model: predicted relationship impact as outcome variable; condition as predictor variable; competitive worldview as control variable.

term	estimate	conf.int	statistic	df	p.value
Intercept	2.86	[2.34, 3.39]	10.76	489	< .001
Cond num	1.08	[0.79, 1.38]	7.23	489	< .001
CWV	0.17	[-0.01, 0.35]	1.81	489	.070

Predicted relationship impact as DV: CWV as moderator

Linear model: predicted relationship impact as outcome variable; condition as predictor variable; competitive worldview as moderator.

term	estimate	conf.int	statistic	df	p.value
Intercept	2.51	[1.80, 3.22]	6.97	488	< .001
Cond num	1.80	[0.79, 2.80]	3.51	488	< .001
CWV	0.30	[0.05, 0.56]	2.32	488	.021
Cond num \(\times\) CWV	-0.27	[-0.63, 0.09]	-1.46	488	.145