Pendahuluan

Dokumen ini merupakan e-book eksploratif berbasis R Markdown untuk menganalisis tren perekonomian Indonesia selama 10 tahun terakhir. Data diambil dari sumber terbuka seperti BPS, World Bank, atau file Excel yang tersedia.

Tujuan: - Memahami tren pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia - Menjelaskan faktor-faktor penting seperti inflasi, pengangguran, PDB - Memberikan contoh analisis berbasis data

Persiapan Data

library(readxl)
library(dplyr)
## 
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter, lag
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
library(ggplot2)
library(corrplot)
## corrplot 0.95 loaded
library(summarytools)
data_pdb <- read_excel("C:/Users/cpcit/Downloads/data_ekonomi_indonesia_2019_2024.xlsx", sheet = "PDB")
data_inflasi <- read_excel("C:/Users/cpcit/Downloads/data_ekonomi_indonesia_2019_2024.xlsx", sheet = "Inflasi")
data_ekspor <- read_excel("C:/Users/cpcit/Downloads/data_ekonomi_indonesia_2019_2024.xlsx", sheet = "Ekspor_Impor")

Statistik Deskriptif

dfSummary(data_pdb)
## Data Frame Summary  
## data_pdb  
## Dimensions: 6 x 4  
## Duplicates: 0  
## 
## ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## No   Variable                              Stats / Values                 Freqs (% of Valid)     Graph    Valid      Missing  
## ---- ------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------- -------- ---------- ---------
## 1    Tahun                                 Mean (sd) : 2021.5 (1.9)       2019 : 1 (16.7%)       III      6          0        
##      [numeric]                             min < med < max:               2020 : 1 (16.7%)       III      (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
##                                            2019 < 2021.5 < 2024           2021 : 1 (16.7%)       III                          
##                                            IQR (CV) : 2.5 (0)             2022 : 1 (16.7%)       III                          
##                                                                           2023 : 1 (16.7%)       III                          
##                                                                           2024 : 1 (16.7%)       III                          
## 
## 2    PDB Harga Berlaku (Rp Triliun)        Mean (sd) : 18612.7 (2949.6)   15434.20 : 1 (16.7%)   III      6          0        
##      [numeric]                             min < med < max:               15833.90 : 1 (16.7%)   III      (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
##                                            15434.2 < 18279.6 < 22139      16970.80 : 1 (16.7%)   III                          
##                                            IQR (CV) : 5061.5 (0.2)        19588.40 : 1 (16.7%)   III                          
##                                                                           21710.00 : 1 (16.7%)   III                          
##                                                                           22139.00 : 1 (16.7%)   III                          
## 
## 3    PDB Harga Konstan 2010 (Rp Triliun)   Mean (sd) : 12901.1 (2071.6)   10722.40 : 1 (16.7%)   III      6          0        
##      [numeric]                             min < med < max:               10949.60 : 1 (16.7%)   III      (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
##                                            10722.4 < 12649.6 < 15590      11710.40 : 1 (16.7%)   III                          
##                                            IQR (CV) : 3391.6 (0.2)        13588.80 : 1 (16.7%)   III                          
##                                                                           14845.60 : 1 (16.7%)   III                          
##                                                                           15590.00 : 1 (16.7%)   III                          
## 
## 4    Pertumbuhan PDB (%)                   Mean (sd) : 3.7 (2.9)          -2.07 : 1 (16.7%)      III      6          0        
##      [numeric]                             min < med < max:               3.69 : 1 (16.7%)       III      (100.0%)   (0.0%)   
##                                            -2.1 < 5 < 5.3                 5.02 : 1 (16.7%)       III                          
##                                            IQR (CV) : 1.2 (0.8)           5.03 : 1 (16.7%)       III                          
##                                                                           5.31 : 2 (33.3%)       IIIIII                       
## ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
data_pdb %>% 
  summarise(
    Rata_PDB_Berlaku = mean(`PDB Harga Berlaku (Rp Triliun)`),
    Rata_PDB_Konstan = mean(`PDB Harga Konstan 2010 (Rp Triliun)`),
    Rata_Pertumbuhan = mean(`Pertumbuhan PDB (%)`)
  )
## # A tibble: 1 × 3
##   Rata_PDB_Berlaku Rata_PDB_Konstan Rata_Pertumbuhan
##              <dbl>            <dbl>            <dbl>
## 1           18613.           12901.             3.72

Visualisasi Tren Ekonomi

PDB (Produk Domestik Bruto)

ggplot(data_pdb, aes(x = Tahun, y = `PDB Harga Berlaku (Rp Triliun)`)) +
  geom_line(color = "blue") +
  geom_point() +
  labs(title = "Tren PDB Harga Berlaku Indonesia", y = "PDB (Triliun Rupiah)", x = "Tahun")

Pertumbuhan PDB

ggplot(data_pdb, aes(x = Tahun, y = `Pertumbuhan PDB (%)`)) +
  geom_line(color = "darkorange") +
  geom_point() +
  labs(title = "Pertumbuhan PDB Tahunan", y = "%", x = "Tahun")

Korelasi Antar Variabel PDB

m <- cor(data_pdb %>% select(-Tahun), use = "complete.obs")
corrplot(m, method = "circle")

Studi Kasus: Dampak Pandemi COVID-19

data_pdb %>%
  filter(Tahun %in% c(2020, 2021)) %>%
  select(Tahun, `PDB Harga Berlaku (Rp Triliun)`, `Pertumbuhan PDB (%)`)
## # A tibble: 2 × 3
##   Tahun `PDB Harga Berlaku (Rp Triliun)` `Pertumbuhan PDB (%)`
##   <dbl>                            <dbl>                 <dbl>
## 1  2020                           15434.                 -2.07
## 2  2021                           16971.                  3.69

Kesimpulan

Referensi