Can Money Buy Happiness? - A Study Case from Republic of Congo

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<div class="container-center title-slide">
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 <h2 style="font-size: 48px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px;">
 Can Money Buy Happiness? Re-evaluate the answer through the Republic of Congo's paradox
 </h2>
 
 According to Our World in Data, globally, there is a strong correlation between GDP and life satisfaction (0.81)—yet the Republic of Congo challenges this pattern, highlighting a unique paradox. Can financial wealth alone ensure happiness or is there any flaws from the statistics
 provied by Our World in Data's research? (Our World in Data, n.d.)
 
 
 Presented by: Luong Chi Bach - s4029308 
 Course: Data Visualisation with R | MATH2459 
 Course Coordinator: Mr. Arthur Tang 
 Lecturer: Dr. Kapil Dev, Tutor (Hanoi)
 
 </div>
</div>

---

## Global Correlation: GDP and Life Satisfaction

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<div class="text-column">
 Wealth and happiness? This chart explores the link between GDP per capita and life satisfaction across countries in 2023. Each dot is a country, colored by region. Note: The x-axis uses a logarithmic scale to better visualize the wide range of GDP values.
 Key Insight: A correlation of 0.81 shows a strong link—higher GDP often means higher satisfaction. Yet, outliers like the Republic of Congo suggest community, health, and social support also matter, setting the stage for a unique paradox (Our World in Data, n.d.).
 Conclusion: GDP predicts satisfaction (Our World in Data, n.d.).
 Reproduce from Our World in Data (n.d.)
 NOTE: By selecting the symbol in the legend under the chart, you can choose to turn on/off.
 </div>
</div>
---

## Republic of Congo’s Paradox: GDP Falls, Happiness Rises

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---

## Why GDP Declined? (Part 1: The downfall because of Oil)

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<div class="text-column">
 Oil dependency? Congo heavily relies on oil exports (World Bank, 2017). The 2014 oil price crash slashed budget revenues, triggering a prolonged recession.
 Key Insight: With average oil rents consistently above 20%, Congo’s economy is vulnerable to oil price volatility (Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, 2022), leading to severe fiscal imbalances (International Monetary Fund, 2023).
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</div>
---

## Why GDP Declined? (Part 2: The stall in growth of other sectors)

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<div class="text-column">
 Lack of diversification? Despite NDP efforts to diversify, Congo’s economy stalled. Non-oil GDP growth slowed since 2013, with agriculture, tourism, and manufacturing underperforming (International Monetary Fund, 2023).
 Key Insight: Economic recession and COVID-19 further hindered diversification, stunting non-oil sector growth and deepening GDP decline.
 </div>
</div>
---

## Why Life Satisfaction Increased? Foreign Aid and Living Conditions (Key Point)

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<div class="text-column" style="border-left: 4px solid #1b9e77;">
 Foreign Aid’s Impact on Living Conditions: From 2014 to 2020, Congo received substantial financial aid totaling $927.83 million. This aid significantly improved living conditions, as seen in the trends for electricity access, sanitation, and stunting rates.
 Key Insight: The chart shows how foreign aid correlates with improvements in living conditions, with notable progress between 2014 and 2020, contributing to increased life satisfaction.
 Reference: (World Bank, n.d.-a)
 Note: Use the dropdown menu above the chart to switch between different metrics (electricity access, sanitation access, stunting rate).
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## Why Life Satisfaction Increased? Another Factor: Reduced Conflict Deaths

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 Post-Crisis Stability: After the humanitarian crisis and civil war around 1997–1999, the people of the Republic of Congo experienced more peaceful years, contributing to increased life satisfaction.
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## Conclusion: Money Can Buy Happiness – A Roadmap for Congo

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 Can Money Buy Happiness? Yes, It Can. Globally, a strong correlation (0.81) suggests that higher income often leads to higher life satisfaction (Our World in Data, n.d.-e). Congo’s story powerfully affirms this, showing how financial resources, when used wisely, can indeed buy happiness.
 Congo: An Outlier in Global Trends: According to Our World in Data, Congo stands out as an outlier (Our World in Data, n.d.-e). While global trends link higher GDP per capita to increased life satisfaction, Congo’s GDP fell from 2011 to 2023, yet life satisfaction rose, showing a negative correlation. This anomaly arises because much of Congo’s income comes from foreign aid—totaling $927.83 million from 2014–2020—which isn’t fully reflected in GDP per capita. This highlights that GDP per capita doesn’t always capture a country’s true income, especially when foreign aid plays a significant role.
 Foreign Aid Driving Happiness: In Congo, foreign aid has been transformative, funding infrastructure projects that improved living conditions, such as electricity, sanitation, and health (UNDP, 2019; World Bank, 2018). Investments in rural electrification, clean water supply, schools, and health centers significantly enhanced living standards, particularly during 2014–2020 (UNDP, 2019; World Bank, 2018). Reduced conflict after 1999 also brought stability, further supporting happiness.
 The Answer: Congo demonstrates that money can buy happiness when directed toward basic needs and stability. Foreign aid, rather than GDP growth, has been the key driver of improved quality of life, underscoring the importance of how financial resources are utilized.
 Roadmap for Congo: To sustain this progress, Congo should continue leveraging foreign aid to diversify into sustainable sectors and breaking free from oil dependency while prioritizing peace and living condition gains (World Bank, 2023).
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## References

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 FRED. (n.d.). Non-oil GDP growth, PPP terms (Republic of Congo). Federal Reserve Economic Data. Retrieved May 22, 2025, from https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/COGNGDPXORPCPPPT
 International Monetary Fund. (n.d.). Gross debt as a percentage of GDP (Republic of Congo). Retrieved May 22, 2025, from https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/GGXWDG_NGDP@WEO/COG?zoom=COG&highlight=COG
 International Monetary Fund. (2023). Republic of Congo: 2023 Article IV consultation. Retrieved May 22, 2025, from https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/002/2023/090/article-A001-en.xml
 Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. (2022). Diversification strategy under deep uncertainty for MENA oil-exporting countries. Retrieved May 22, 2025, from https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/diversification-strategy-under-deep-uncertainty-for-mena-oil-exporting-countries/
 Our World in Data. (n.d.-a). Number of people with and without electricity access. Retrieved May 22, 2025, from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/people-without-electricity-country
 Our World in Data. (n.d.-b). Share of the population using improved sanitation facilities. Retrieved May 22, 2025, from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-using-improved-sanitation-facilities
 Our World in Data. (n.d.-c). Share of children younger than 5 who suffer from stunting. Retrieved May 22, 2025, from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-younger-than-5-who-suffer-from-stunting
 Our World in Data. (n.d.-d). Death rate in armed conflicts. Retrieved May 22, 2025, from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/death-rate-in-armed-conflicts
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 Our World in Data. (n.d.-e). GDP per capita vs. life satisfaction. Retrieved May 22, 2025, from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-vs-happiness
 Our World in Data. (n.d.-f). Happiness and life satisfaction. Retrieved May 22, 2025, from https://ourworldindata.org/happiness-and-life-satisfaction
 Statista. (n.d.). Brent crude oil price changes since 1976. Retrieved May 22, 2025, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/262860/uk-brent-crude-oil-price-changes-since-1976/
 UNDP. (2019). Foreign aid and development in the Republic of Congo: Building infrastructure for a better future. Retrieved May 22, 2025, from https://www.undp.org/congo/news/foreign-aid-and-development-republic-congo
 World Bank. (n.d.-a). Net official development assistance and official aid received (Republic of Congo). Retrieved May 22, 2025, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/DT.ODA.ALLD.CD?locations=CG
 World Bank. (n.d.-b). Oil rents (% of GDP) - Republic of Congo. Retrieved May 22, 2025, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PETR.RT.ZS?locations=CG
 World Bank. (2017). Why Republic of Congo’s oil-driven growth model must change. Retrieved May 22, 2025, from https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/africacan/why-republic-congos-oil-driven-growth-model-must-change
 World Bank. (2018). Republic of Congo - Poverty assessment report: Improving infrastructure and basic services. Retrieved May 22, 2025, from https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/892361543028432121/republic-of-congo-poverty-assessment-report-improving-infrastructure-and-basic-services
 World Bank. (2023). For the Republic of Congo, economic diversification offers a path to prosperity. Retrieved May 22, 2025, from https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/congo/publication/for-the-republic-of-congo-economic-diversification-offers-a-path-to-prosperity
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