Can Money Buy Happiness? - A study case from Republic of Congo

<div class="container-center title-slide">
 <div class="center title-content">
 <h2 style="font-size: 48px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px;">
 Can Money Buy Happiness? Exploring the Paradox through the Republic of Congo
 </h2>
 
 Our World in Data shows a strong global correlation between GDP and life satisfaction (0.81)—yet the Republic of Congo challenges this pattern, highlighting a unique paradox. Can financial wealth alone ensure happiness, or do other factors enhance the insights from Our World in Data?
 
 
 Presented by: Luong Chi Bach 
 Course: Data Visualisation with R | MATH2459 
 Course Coordinator: Arthur Tang 
 Lecturer: Dr. Kapil Dev, Tutor (Hanoi)
 
 </div>
</div>
---

## Global Correlation: GDP and Life Satisfaction

<div class="container">
 <div class="plot-column">
<div class="plotly html-widget html-fill-item" id="htmlwidget-e51effd307e919c1976e" style="width:504px;height:504px;"></div>
<script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-e51effd307e919c1976e">{"x":{"visdat":{"1bc425c79a":["function () ","plotlyVisDat"],"1bc4290768c1":["function () ","data"],"1bc4138256a2":["function () ","data"]},"cur_data":"1bc4138256a2","attrs":{"1bc4290768c1":{"alpha_stroke":1,"sizes":[10,100],"spans":[1,20],"x":{},"y":{},"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","color":{},"text":{},"hoverinfo":"text","marker":{"size":8,"opacity":0.69999999999999996},"inherit":true},"1bc4138256a2":{"alpha_stroke":1,"sizes":[10,100],"spans":[1,20],"x":{},"y":{},"type":"scatter","mode":"lines","line":{"color":"red","width":2},"name":"Linear Fit","hoverinfo":"none","inherit":true}},"layout":{"width":800,"height":550,"margin":{"b":150,"l":80,"t":80,"r":80},"title":{"text":"GDP vs. Life Satisfaction (2023)<\/b> Correlation: 0.81<\/span> <\/b>","x":0.5,"xanchor":"center","font":{"size":18}},"xaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"title":"GDP per Capita ($)","type":"log","tickvals":[1000,3000,10000,30000,100000],"ticktext":["$1k","$3k","$10k","$30k","$100k"]},"yaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"title":"Life Satisfaction (0–10)","range":[0,10]},"legend":{"orientation":"h","x":0.5,"xanchor":"center","y":-0.20000000000000001},"annotations":[{"x":0.5,"y":-0.45000000000000001,"xref":"paper","yref":"paper","text":"Data Source: [1]","showarrow":false,"font":{"size":12}},{"x":0.5,"y":-0.55000000000000004,"xref":"paper","yref":"paper","text":"Reproduced with permission from Our World in Data","showarrow":false,"font":{"size":12}}],"hovermode":"closest","paper_bgcolor":"white","plot_bgcolor":"white","showlegend":true},"source":"A","config":{"modeBarButtonsToAdd":["hoverclosest","hovercompare"],"showSendToCloud":false},"data":[{"x":[15159.324000000001,3721.2246,18846.25,2482.0722999999998,4870.5709999999999,1679.4614999999999,3498.8031999999998,6172.2875999999997,6485.3159999999998,1455.8356000000001,16691.133000000002,10132.1875,2755.4569999999999,18702.690999999999,2932.2804999999998,6796.4736000000003,3949.3400000000001,5682.9893000000002,2595.8296,1616.9237000000001,12478.144,1643.3092999999999,1648.4365,2394.672,6258.7110000000002,26590.423999999999,8868.7119999999995,1511.6365000000001,10105.514999999999,1703.3969999999999,5593.0565999999999,4317.2266,3034.2190000000001,13690.389999999999,3620.7935000000002,2767.5165999999999,12552.986000000001,2791.0556999999999,3673.4841000000001,3442.2512000000002],"y":[5.3639999999999999,4.3769999999999998,3.383,4.548,4.8739999999999997,4.4710000000000001,3.5659999999999998,5.2210000000000001,5.0800000000000001,3.2949999999999999,3.9769999999999999,3.5019999999999998,3.8610000000000002,5.1059999999999999,4.4850000000000003,4.2889999999999997,5.0229999999999997,4.4699999999999998,3.1859999999999999,4.2690000000000001,5.8659999999999997,4.2279999999999998,3.4209999999999998,4.2320000000000002,4.5049999999999999,5.8159999999999998,4.7949999999999999,5.2160000000000002,4.8319999999999999,4.556,4.8810000000000002,4.9690000000000003,3.2450000000000001,5.4219999999999997,3.7810000000000001,4.2140000000000004,4.4219999999999997,4.3719999999999999,3.5019999999999998,3.3410000000000002],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","text":["Country: Algeria GDP per Capita: $ 15159 Life Satisfaction: 5.4 Region: Africa","Country: Benin GDP per Capita: $ 3721 Life Satisfaction: 4.4 Region: Africa","Country: Botswana GDP per Capita: $ 18846 Life Satisfaction: 3.4 Region: Africa","Country: Burkina Faso GDP per Capita: $ 2482 Life Satisfaction: 4.5 Region: Africa","Country: Cameroon GDP per Capita: $ 4871 Life Satisfaction: 4.9 Region: Africa","Country: Chad GDP per Capita: $ 1679 Life Satisfaction: 4.5 Region: Africa","Country: Comoros GDP per Capita: $ 3499 Life Satisfaction: 3.6 Region: Africa","Country: Congo GDP per Capita: $ 6172 Life Satisfaction: 5.2 Region: Africa","Country: Cote d'Ivoire GDP per Capita: $ 6485 Life Satisfaction: 5.1 Region: Africa","Country: Democratic Republic of Congo GDP per Capita: $ 1456 Life Satisfaction: 3.3 Region: Africa","Country: Egypt GDP per Capita: $ 16691 Life Satisfaction: 4 Region: Africa","Country: Eswatini GDP per Capita: $ 10132 Life Satisfaction: 3.5 Region: Africa","Country: Ethiopia GDP per Capita: $ 2755 Life Satisfaction: 3.9 Region: Africa","Country: Gabon GDP per Capita: $ 18703 Life Satisfaction: 5.1 Region: Africa","Country: Gambia GDP per Capita: $ 2932 Life Satisfaction: 4.5 Region: Africa","Country: Ghana GDP per Capita: $ 6796 Life Satisfaction: 4.3 Region: Africa","Country: Guinea GDP per Capita: $ 3949 Life Satisfaction: 5 Region: Africa","Country: Kenya GDP per Capita: $ 5683 Life Satisfaction: 4.5 Region: Africa","Country: Lesotho GDP per Capita: $ 2596 Life Satisfaction: 3.2 Region: Africa","Country: Liberia GDP per Capita: $ 1617 Life Satisfaction: 4.3 Region: Africa","Country: Libya GDP per Capita: $ 12478 Life Satisfaction: 5.9 Region: Africa","Country: Madagascar GDP per Capita: $ 1643 Life Satisfaction: 4.2 Region: Africa","Country: Malawi GDP per Capita: $ 1648 Life Satisfaction: 3.4 Region: Africa","Country: Mali GDP per Capita: $ 2395 Life Satisfaction: 4.2 Region: Africa","Country: Mauritania GDP per Capita: $ 6259 Life Satisfaction: 4.5 Region: Africa","Country: Mauritius GDP per Capita: $ 26590 Life Satisfaction: 5.8 Region: Africa","Country: Morocco GDP per Capita: $ 8869 Life Satisfaction: 4.8 Region: Africa","Country: Mozambique GDP per Capita: $ 1512 Life Satisfaction: 5.2 Region: Africa","Country: Namibia GDP per Capita: $ 10106 Life Satisfaction: 4.8 Region: Africa","Country: Niger GDP per Capita: $ 1703 Life Satisfaction: 4.6 Region: Africa","Country: Nigeria GDP per Capita: $ 5593 Life Satisfaction: 4.9 Region: Africa","Country: Senegal GDP per Capita: $ 4317 Life Satisfaction: 5 Region: Africa","Country: Sierra Leone GDP per Capita: $ 3034 Life Satisfaction: 3.2 Region: Africa","Country: South Africa GDP per Capita: $ 13690 Life Satisfaction: 5.4 Region: Africa","Country: Tanzania GDP per Capita: $ 3621 Life Satisfaction: 3.8 Region: Africa","Country: Togo GDP per Capita: $ 2768 Life Satisfaction: 4.2 Region: Africa","Country: Tunisia GDP per Capita: $ 12553 Life Satisfaction: 4.4 Region: Africa","Country: Uganda GDP per Capita: $ 2791 Life Satisfaction: 4.4 Region: Africa","Country: Zambia GDP per Capita: $ 3673 Life Satisfaction: 3.5 Region: Africa","Country: Zimbabwe GDP per Capita: $ 3442 Life Satisfaction: 3.3 Region: Africa"],"hoverinfo":["text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text"],"marker":{"color":"rgba(102,194,165,1)","size":8,"opacity":0.69999999999999996,"line":{"color":"rgba(102,194,165,1)"}},"name":"Africa","textfont":{"color":"rgba(102,194,165,1)"},"error_y":{"color":"rgba(102,194,165,1)"},"error_x":{"color":"rgba(102,194,165,1)"},"line":{"color":"rgba(102,194,165,1)"},"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","frame":null},{"x":[1992.4244000000001,19230.189999999999,21262.298999999999,57213.089999999997,8242.3979999999992,6690.5893999999998,22137.599999999999,22590.529999999999,64467.574000000001,9160.0630000000001,13889.883,15912.030000000001,12711.062,48432.110000000001,46157.637000000002,9362.5879999999997,34703.233999999997,46458.199999999997,6403.143,8372.1560000000009,32812.300000000003,16222.864,5364.1379999999999,4859.8002999999999,5439.1875,5313.098,9901.0570000000007,55055.400000000001,127543.55499999999,50572.25,13029.523999999999,4472.3239999999996,21142.664000000001,34609.913999999997,68577.539999999994,10007.686,13491.879999999999],"y":[1.7210000000000001,5.4550000000000001,4.8929999999999998,5.9589999999999996,3.8860000000000001,4.3410000000000002,5.9729999999999999,5.1849999999999996,5.3159999999999998,4.0540000000000003,5.5679999999999996,4.923,5.1660000000000004,7.3410000000000002,6.0599999999999996,4.1859999999999999,6.1879999999999997,6.9509999999999996,5.7140000000000004,5.1390000000000002,5.9749999999999996,5.6959999999999997,4.3540000000000001,5.1580000000000004,4.657,4.8789999999999996,6.048,6.5940000000000003,6.5229999999999997,6.0579999999999998,3.8980000000000001,5.2809999999999997,5.976,4.9749999999999996,6.7329999999999997,6.1950000000000003,6.0430000000000001],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","text":["Country: Afghanistan GDP per Capita: $ 1992 Life Satisfaction: 1.7 Region: Asia","Country: Armenia GDP per Capita: $ 19230 Life Satisfaction: 5.5 Region: Asia","Country: Azerbaijan GDP per Capita: $ 21262 Life Satisfaction: 4.9 Region: Asia","Country: Bahrain GDP per Capita: $ 57213 Life Satisfaction: 6 Region: Asia","Country: Bangladesh GDP per Capita: $ 8242 Life Satisfaction: 3.9 Region: Asia","Country: Cambodia GDP per Capita: $ 6691 Life Satisfaction: 4.3 Region: Asia","Country: China GDP per Capita: $ 22138 Life Satisfaction: 6 Region: Asia","Country: Georgia GDP per Capita: $ 22591 Life Satisfaction: 5.2 Region: Asia","Country: Hong Kong GDP per Capita: $ 64468 Life Satisfaction: 5.3 Region: Asia","Country: India GDP per Capita: $ 9160 Life Satisfaction: 4.1 Region: Asia","Country: Indonesia GDP per Capita: $ 13890 Life Satisfaction: 5.6 Region: Asia","Country: Iran GDP per Capita: $ 15912 Life Satisfaction: 4.9 Region: Asia","Country: Iraq GDP per Capita: $ 12711 Life Satisfaction: 5.2 Region: Asia","Country: Israel GDP per Capita: $ 48432 Life Satisfaction: 7.3 Region: Asia","Country: Japan GDP per Capita: $ 46158 Life Satisfaction: 6.1 Region: Asia","Country: Jordan GDP per Capita: $ 9363 Life Satisfaction: 4.2 Region: Asia","Country: Kazakhstan GDP per Capita: $ 34703 Life Satisfaction: 6.2 Region: Asia","Country: Kuwait GDP per Capita: $ 46458 Life Satisfaction: 7 Region: Asia","Country: Kyrgyzstan GDP per Capita: $ 6403 Life Satisfaction: 5.7 Region: Asia","Country: Laos GDP per Capita: $ 8372 Life Satisfaction: 5.1 Region: Asia","Country: Malaysia GDP per Capita: $ 32812 Life Satisfaction: 6 Region: Asia","Country: Mongolia GDP per Capita: $ 16223 Life Satisfaction: 5.7 Region: Asia","Country: Myanmar GDP per Capita: $ 5364 Life Satisfaction: 4.4 Region: Asia","Country: Nepal GDP per Capita: $ 4860 Life Satisfaction: 5.2 Region: Asia","Country: Pakistan GDP per Capita: $ 5439 Life Satisfaction: 4.7 Region: Asia","Country: Palestine GDP per Capita: $ 5313 Life Satisfaction: 4.9 Region: Asia","Country: Philippines GDP per Capita: $ 9901 Life Satisfaction: 6 Region: Asia","Country: Saudi Arabia GDP per Capita: $ 55055 Life Satisfaction: 6.6 Region: Asia","Country: Singapore GDP per Capita: $ 127544 Life Satisfaction: 6.5 Region: Asia","Country: South Korea GDP per Capita: $ 50572 Life Satisfaction: 6.1 Region: Asia","Country: Sri Lanka GDP per Capita: $ 13030 Life Satisfaction: 3.9 Region: Asia","Country: Tajikistan GDP per Capita: $ 4472 Life Satisfaction: 5.3 Region: Asia","Country: Thailand GDP per Capita: $ 21143 Life Satisfaction: 6 Region: Asia","Country: Turkey GDP per Capita: $ 34610 Life Satisfaction: 5 Region: Asia","Country: United Arab Emirates GDP per Capita: $ 68578 Life Satisfaction: 6.7 Region: Asia","Country: Uzbekistan GDP per Capita: $ 10008 Life Satisfaction: 6.2 Region: Asia","Country: Vietnam GDP per Capita: $ 13492 Life Satisfaction: 6 Region: Asia"],"hoverinfo":["text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text"],"marker":{"color":"rgba(252,141,98,1)","size":8,"opacity":0.69999999999999996,"line":{"color":"rgba(252,141,98,1)"}},"name":"Asia","textfont":{"color":"rgba(252,141,98,1)"},"error_y":{"color":"rgba(252,141,98,1)"},"error_x":{"color":"rgba(252,141,98,1)"},"line":{"color":"rgba(252,141,98,1)"},"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","frame":null},{"x":[18244.293000000001,65015.133000000002,64185.847999999998,20126.380000000001,33403.375,41116.870000000003,53420.684000000001,49681.059999999998,72097.304999999993,42471.824000000001,57063.523000000001,55441.188000000002,63578.139999999999,36905.453000000001,40543.991999999998,67255.669999999998,114922.39,53312.07,13642.677,37007.366999999998,46740.410000000003,132846.57999999999,61125.709999999999,15855.272999999999,27869.650000000001,71446.695000000007,23584.563999999998,90469.809999999998,44384.167999999998,41755.480000000003,40665.527000000002,39753.457000000002,26030.021000000001,39290.434000000001,48243.940000000002,47141.542999999998,63114.68,82557.550000000003,15885.226000000001,54542.016000000003],"y":[5.3040000000000003,6.9050000000000002,6.8940000000000001,5.8769999999999998,5.4630000000000001,5.9420000000000002,6.0679999999999996,6.8220000000000001,7.5830000000000002,6.4480000000000004,7.7409999999999997,6.609,6.7190000000000003,5.9340000000000002,6.0170000000000003,7.5250000000000004,6.8380000000000001,6.3239999999999998,6.5609999999999999,6.234,6.8179999999999996,7.1219999999999999,6.3460000000000001,5.8159999999999998,5.7069999999999999,7.319,5.3689999999999998,7.3019999999999996,6.4420000000000002,6.0300000000000002,6.4909999999999997,5.7850000000000001,6.4109999999999996,6.2569999999999997,6.7430000000000003,6.4210000000000003,7.3440000000000003,7.0599999999999996,4.8730000000000002,6.7489999999999997],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","text":["Country: Albania GDP per Capita: $ 18244 Life Satisfaction: 5.3 Region: Europe","Country: Austria GDP per Capita: $ 65015 Life Satisfaction: 6.9 Region: Europe","Country: Belgium GDP per Capita: $ 64186 Life Satisfaction: 6.9 Region: Europe","Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina GDP per Capita: $ 20126 Life Satisfaction: 5.9 Region: Europe","Country: Bulgaria GDP per Capita: $ 33403 Life Satisfaction: 5.5 Region: Europe","Country: Croatia GDP per Capita: $ 41117 Life Satisfaction: 5.9 Region: Europe","Country: Cyprus GDP per Capita: $ 53421 Life Satisfaction: 6.1 Region: Europe","Country: Czechia GDP per Capita: $ 49681 Life Satisfaction: 6.8 Region: Europe","Country: Denmark GDP per Capita: $ 72097 Life Satisfaction: 7.6 Region: Europe","Country: Estonia GDP per Capita: $ 42472 Life Satisfaction: 6.4 Region: Europe","Country: Finland GDP per Capita: $ 57064 Life Satisfaction: 7.7 Region: Europe","Country: France GDP per Capita: $ 55441 Life Satisfaction: 6.6 Region: Europe","Country: Germany GDP per Capita: $ 63578 Life Satisfaction: 6.7 Region: Europe","Country: Greece GDP per Capita: $ 36905 Life Satisfaction: 5.9 Region: Europe","Country: Hungary GDP per Capita: $ 40544 Life Satisfaction: 6 Region: Europe","Country: Iceland GDP per Capita: $ 67256 Life Satisfaction: 7.5 Region: Europe","Country: Ireland GDP per Capita: $ 114922 Life Satisfaction: 6.8 Region: Europe","Country: Italy GDP per Capita: $ 53312 Life Satisfaction: 6.3 Region: Europe","Country: Kosovo GDP per Capita: $ 13643 Life Satisfaction: 6.6 Region: Europe","Country: Latvia GDP per Capita: $ 37007 Life Satisfaction: 6.2 Region: Europe","Country: Lithuania GDP per Capita: $ 46740 Life Satisfaction: 6.8 Region: Europe","Country: Luxembourg GDP per Capita: $ 132847 Life Satisfaction: 7.1 Region: Europe","Country: Malta GDP per Capita: $ 61126 Life Satisfaction: 6.3 Region: Europe","Country: Moldova GDP per Capita: $ 15855 Life Satisfaction: 5.8 Region: Europe","Country: Montenegro GDP per Capita: $ 27870 Life Satisfaction: 5.7 Region: Europe","Country: Netherlands GDP per Capita: $ 71447 Life Satisfaction: 7.3 Region: Europe","Country: North Macedonia GDP per Capita: $ 23585 Life Satisfaction: 5.4 Region: Europe","Country: Norway GDP per Capita: $ 90470 Life Satisfaction: 7.3 Region: Europe","Country: Poland GDP per Capita: $ 44384 Life Satisfaction: 6.4 Region: Europe","Country: Portugal GDP per Capita: $ 41755 Life Satisfaction: 6 Region: Europe","Country: Romania GDP per Capita: $ 40666 Life Satisfaction: 6.5 Region: Europe","Country: Russia GDP per Capita: $ 39753 Life Satisfaction: 5.8 Region: Europe","Country: Serbia GDP per Capita: $ 26030 Life Satisfaction: 6.4 Region: Europe","Country: Slovakia GDP per Capita: $ 39290 Life Satisfaction: 6.3 Region: Europe","Country: Slovenia GDP per Capita: $ 48244 Life Satisfaction: 6.7 Region: Europe","Country: Spain GDP per Capita: $ 47142 Life Satisfaction: 6.4 Region: Europe","Country: Sweden GDP per Capita: $ 63115 Life Satisfaction: 7.3 Region: Europe","Country: Switzerland GDP per Capita: $ 82558 Life Satisfaction: 7.1 Region: Europe","Country: Ukraine GDP per Capita: $ 15885 Life Satisfaction: 4.9 Region: Europe","Country: United Kingdom GDP per Capita: $ 54542 Life Satisfaction: 6.7 Region: Europe"],"hoverinfo":["text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text"],"marker":{"color":"rgba(141,160,203,1)","size":8,"opacity":0.69999999999999996,"line":{"color":"rgba(141,160,203,1)"}},"name":"Europe","textfont":{"color":"rgba(141,160,203,1)"},"error_y":{"color":"rgba(141,160,203,1)"},"error_x":{"color":"rgba(141,160,203,1)"},"line":{"color":"rgba(141,160,203,1)"},"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","frame":null},{"x":[55918.93,26292.771000000001,23087.934000000001,11404.334000000001,12389.386,6468.3019999999997,10291.3125,22142.607,7486.9430000000002,35863.879999999997,74577.509999999995],"y":[6.9000000000000004,6.9550000000000001,5.8230000000000004,6.4690000000000003,6.2869999999999999,5.968,5.8419999999999996,6.6779999999999999,6.2839999999999998,6.3579999999999997,6.7249999999999996],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","text":["Country: Canada GDP per Capita: $ 55919 Life Satisfaction: 6.9 Region: North America","Country: Costa Rica GDP per Capita: $ 26293 Life Satisfaction: 7 Region: North America","Country: Dominican Republic GDP per Capita: $ 23088 Life Satisfaction: 5.8 Region: North America","Country: El Salvador GDP per Capita: $ 11404 Life Satisfaction: 6.5 Region: North America","Country: Guatemala GDP per Capita: $ 12389 Life Satisfaction: 6.3 Region: North America","Country: Honduras GDP per Capita: $ 6468 Life Satisfaction: 6 Region: North America","Country: Jamaica GDP per Capita: $ 10291 Life Satisfaction: 5.8 Region: North America","Country: Mexico GDP per Capita: $ 22143 Life Satisfaction: 6.7 Region: North America","Country: Nicaragua GDP per Capita: $ 7487 Life Satisfaction: 6.3 Region: North America","Country: Panama GDP per Capita: $ 35864 Life Satisfaction: 6.4 Region: North America","Country: United States GDP per Capita: $ 74578 Life Satisfaction: 6.7 Region: North America"],"hoverinfo":["text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text"],"marker":{"color":"rgba(231,138,195,1)","size":8,"opacity":0.69999999999999996,"line":{"color":"rgba(231,138,195,1)"}},"name":"North America","textfont":{"color":"rgba(231,138,195,1)"},"error_y":{"color":"rgba(231,138,195,1)"},"error_x":{"color":"rgba(231,138,195,1)"},"line":{"color":"rgba(231,138,195,1)"},"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","frame":null},{"x":[59552.879999999997,48826.574000000001],"y":[7.0570000000000004,7.0289999999999999],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","text":["Country: Australia GDP per Capita: $ 59553 Life Satisfaction: 7.1 Region: Oceania","Country: New Zealand GDP per Capita: $ 48827 Life Satisfaction: 7 Region: Oceania"],"hoverinfo":["text","text"],"marker":{"color":"rgba(166,216,84,1)","size":8,"opacity":0.69999999999999996,"line":{"color":"rgba(166,216,84,1)"}},"name":"Oceania","textfont":{"color":"rgba(166,216,84,1)"},"error_y":{"color":"rgba(166,216,84,1)"},"error_x":{"color":"rgba(166,216,84,1)"},"line":{"color":"rgba(166,216,84,1)"},"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","frame":null},{"x":[27104.98,9843.9699999999993,19018.238000000001,29462.639999999999,18692.384999999998,14472.316000000001,15783.115,15294.257,31019.310000000001],"y":[6.1879999999999997,5.7839999999999998,6.2720000000000002,6.3600000000000003,5.6950000000000003,5.7249999999999996,5.9770000000000003,5.8410000000000002,6.6109999999999998],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","text":["Country: Argentina GDP per Capita: $ 27105 Life Satisfaction: 6.2 Region: South America","Country: Bolivia GDP per Capita: $ 9844 Life Satisfaction: 5.8 Region: South America","Country: Brazil GDP per Capita: $ 19018 Life Satisfaction: 6.3 Region: South America","Country: Chile GDP per Capita: $ 29463 Life Satisfaction: 6.4 Region: South America","Country: Colombia GDP per Capita: $ 18692 Life Satisfaction: 5.7 Region: South America","Country: Ecuador GDP per Capita: $ 14472 Life Satisfaction: 5.7 Region: South America","Country: Paraguay GDP per Capita: $ 15783 Life Satisfaction: 6 Region: South America","Country: Peru GDP per Capita: $ 15294 Life Satisfaction: 5.8 Region: South America","Country: Uruguay GDP per Capita: $ 31019 Life Satisfaction: 6.6 Region: South America"],"hoverinfo":["text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text"],"marker":{"color":"rgba(255,217,47,1)","size":8,"opacity":0.69999999999999996,"line":{"color":"rgba(255,217,47,1)"}},"name":"South America","textfont":{"color":"rgba(255,217,47,1)"},"error_y":{"color":"rgba(255,217,47,1)"},"error_x":{"color":"rgba(255,217,47,1)"},"line":{"color":"rgba(255,217,47,1)"},"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","frame":null},{"x":[1455.8355999999999,1523.7464941102273,1594.8252524620275,1669.2196475738558,1747.0843451627161,1828.5812256937195,1913.8797209290581,2003.1571661761193,2096.5991689670454,2194.3999949362087,2296.7629716978663,2403.9009115636486,2516.0365539786817,2633.4030285962199,2756.2443399534573,2884.8158747562115,3019.3849328271044,3160.2312828210447,3307.647743863407,3461.9407943200936,3623.431208965088,3792.4547258702401,3969.3627444036556,4154.5230557879031,4348.3206077368395,4551.1583047606864,4763.457845803292,4985.6606009528987,5218.2285290492018,5461.6451380943636,5716.4164904646213,5983.0722550124137,6262.1668082463011,6554.2803868779729,6860.0202941326188,7180.0221623304024,7514.9512743641426,7865.5039468203349,8232.4089776191977,8616.4291611833196,9018.3628742848523,9439.045735868367,9879.3523443000831,10340.198095655107,10822.541086823063,11327.38410738858,11855.776724427727,12408.817464554631,12987.656097755038,13593.496027754492,14227.596793890871,14891.276689692921,15585.915503608319,16312.957387579645,17073.913859431654,17870.366945312355,18703.972468720389,19576.463492956813,20489.653924158592,21445.442282403696,22445.815648728356,23492.853796262629,24588.73351407217,25735.733132695812,26936.237260787984,28192.74174271258,29507.858847395488,30884.322699223929,32324.994962282439,33832.870789743421,35411.085050781701,37062.918847957677,38791.806338619092,40601.341874504018,42495.287474386678,44477.580645302965,46552.342568615059,48723.886667935192,50996.72757671967,53375.590524178035,55865.421159009493,58471.395831391921,61198.932354597535,64053.701268609497,67041.637629157762,70168.953346681141,73442.150100869505,76868.032857636455,80453.724016622102,84206.678218639267,88134.697843849615,92245.949232887448,96548.979664655912,101052.73512609457,105766.57891085793,110700.31108557335,115864.18886415046,121268.94793249645,126925.82476797311,132846.57999999996],"y":[3.6180061452518761,3.6548405796662844,3.6916750140806909,3.7285094484950991,3.7653438829095065,3.8021783173239148,3.839012751738323,3.8758471861527304,3.9126816205671386,3.949516054981546,3.9863504893959534,4.0231849238103621,4.0600193582247694,4.0968537926391768,4.133688227053586,4.1705226614679933,4.2073570958824007,4.2441915302968081,4.2810259647112154,4.3178603991256246,4.354694833540032,4.3915292679544393,4.4283637023688467,4.4651981367832541,4.5020325711976632,4.5388670056120706,4.5757014400264779,4.6125358744408871,4.6493703088552945,4.6862047432697018,4.7230391776841092,4.7598736120985166,4.7967080465129257,4.8335424809273331,4.8703769153417404,4.9072113497561478,4.9440457841705552,4.9808802185849643,5.0177146529993717,5.0545490874137791,5.0913835218281882,5.1282179562425956,5.1650523906570029,5.2018868250714103,5.2387212594858177,5.2755556939002251,5.3123901283146342,5.3492245627290416,5.3860589971434489,5.4228934315578581,5.4597278659722654,5.4965623003866728,5.5333967348010802,5.5702311692154893,5.6070656036298967,5.6439000380443041,5.6807344724587132,5.7175689068731188,5.7544033412875262,5.7912377757019353,5.8280722101163427,5.8649066445307501,5.9017410789451592,5.9385755133595666,5.9754099477739739,6.0122443821883831,6.0490788166027905,6.0859132510171978,6.1227476854316052,6.1595821198460126,6.1964165542604199,6.2332509886748291,6.2700854230892364,6.3069198575036438,6.3437542919180512,6.3805887263324603,6.4174231607468677,6.4542575951612751,6.4910920295756824,6.5279264639900916,6.5647608984044989,6.6015953328189063,6.6384297672333137,6.6752642016477211,6.7120986360621284,6.7489330704765376,6.7857675048909449,6.8226019393053523,6.8594363737197614,6.8962708081341688,6.9331052425485762,6.9699396769629853,7.0067741113773927,7.0436085457918001,7.0804429802062092,7.1172774146206148,7.1541118490350222,7.1909462834494313,7.2277807178638387,7.2646151522782461],"type":"scatter","mode":"lines","line":{"color":"red","width":2},"name":"Linear Fit","hoverinfo":["none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none"],"marker":{"color":"rgba(227,119,194,1)","line":{"color":"rgba(227,119,194,1)"}},"error_y":{"color":"rgba(227,119,194,1)"},"error_x":{"color":"rgba(227,119,194,1)"},"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","frame":null}],"highlight":{"on":"plotly_click","persistent":false,"dynamic":false,"selectize":false,"opacityDim":0.20000000000000001,"selected":{"opacity":1},"debounce":0},"shinyEvents":["plotly_hover","plotly_click","plotly_selected","plotly_relayout","plotly_brushed","plotly_brushing","plotly_clickannotation","plotly_doubleclick","plotly_deselect","plotly_afterplot","plotly_sunburstclick"],"base_url":"https://plot.ly"},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script>
 </div>

<div class="text-column">
 Wealth and happiness? This chart explores the link between GDP per capita and life satisfaction across countries in 2023. Each dot is a country, colored by region. Note: The x-axis uses a logarithmic scale to better visualize the wide range of GDP values.
 Key Insight: A correlation of 0.81 shows a strong link—higher GDP often means higher satisfaction. Yet, outliers like the Republic of Congo suggest community, health, and social support also matter, setting the stage for a unique paradox.
 Conclusion: GDP predicts satisfaction. Source: [2]
 NOTE: By selecting the symbol in the legend under the chart, you can choose to turn on/off.
 </div>
</div>
---
## Republic of Congo’s Paradox: GDP Falls, Happiness Rises

<div class="container-center">
 <div class="plot-column center">
<div class="plotly html-widget html-fill-item" id="htmlwidget-362f614ce7a5e3d746c4" style="width:504px;height:504px;"></div>
<script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-362f614ce7a5e3d746c4">{"x":{"visdat":{"1bc422294069":["function () ","plotlyVisDat"],"1bc427dc1a1f":["function () ","data"],"1bc43bf85535":["function () ","data"],"1bc413146ae6":["function () ","data"]},"cur_data":"1bc413146ae6","attrs":{"1bc427dc1a1f":{"alpha_stroke":1,"sizes":[10,100],"spans":[1,20],"x":{},"y":{},"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"size":10,"color":"#1b9e77","symbol":"circle"},"text":{},"hoverinfo":"text","name":"2011","showlegend":true,"inherit":true},"1bc43bf85535":{"alpha_stroke":1,"sizes":[10,100],"spans":[1,20],"x":{},"y":{},"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"size":10,"color":"#1b9e77","symbol":"triangle-left"},"text":{},"hoverinfo":"text","name":"2023","showlegend":true,"inherit":true},"1bc413146ae6":{"alpha_stroke":1,"sizes":[10,100],"spans":[1,20],"x":{},"y":{},"type":"scatter","mode":"lines","line":{"width":2,"color":"#1b9e77","shape":"linear","arrowhead":2,"arrowsize":1},"hoverinfo":"none","showlegend":false,"inherit":true}},"layout":{"width":1000,"height":600,"margin":{"b":0,"l":20,"t":150,"r":120},"title":{"text":"Congo: GDP per Capita vs. Life Satisfaction (2011 vs. 2023)<\/b> Correlation: -0.92<\/span>","x":0.5,"xanchor":"center","y":0.84999999999999998,"font":{"size":16,"family":"Arial","color":"black","weight":"bold"}},"xaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"title":{"text":"GDP per Capita (USD)","font":{"size":14,"color":"#2c3e50"}},"tickfont":{"size":12},"gridcolor":"lightgray","range":[5555.0588399999997,10075.182700000001]},"yaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"title":{"text":"Life Satisfaction","font":{"size":14,"color":"#2c3e50"}},"tickfont":{"size":12},"gridcolor":"lightgray","range":[0,10]},"hovermode":"x unified","hoverlabel":{"bgcolor":"white","font":{"size":12,"color":"#2c3e50"},"bordercolor":"#2c3e50"},"showlegend":true,"legend":{"orientation":"v","x":1.05,"xanchor":"left","y":0.5,"yanchor":"middle","font":{"size":10}},"paper_bgcolor":"white","plot_bgcolor":"white","annotations":[{"x":1.02,"y":0.29999999999999999,"xref":"paper","yref":"paper","text":"Data Source: [1].","showarrow":false,"font":{"size":10},"xanchor":"left","yanchor":"top"}]},"source":"A","config":{"modeBarButtonsToAdd":["hoverclosest","hovercompare"],"showSendToCloud":false},"data":[{"x":[8492.4210000000003],"y":[3.8199999999999998],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"color":"#1b9e77","size":10,"symbol":"circle","line":{"color":"rgba(31,119,180,1)"}},"text":"Year: 2011 GDP per Capita (USD): 8492.42 Life Satisfaction: 3.82","hoverinfo":"text","name":"2011","showlegend":true,"error_y":{"color":"rgba(31,119,180,1)"},"error_x":{"color":"rgba(31,119,180,1)"},"line":{"color":"rgba(31,119,180,1)"},"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","frame":null},{"x":[6172.2875999999997],"y":[5.2210000000000001],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"color":"#1b9e77","size":10,"symbol":"triangle-left","line":{"color":"rgba(255,127,14,1)"}},"text":"Year: 2023 GDP per Capita (USD): 6172.29 Life Satisfaction: 5.22","hoverinfo":"text","name":"2023","showlegend":true,"error_y":{"color":"rgba(255,127,14,1)"},"error_x":{"color":"rgba(255,127,14,1)"},"line":{"color":"rgba(255,127,14,1)"},"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","frame":null},{"x":[8492.4210000000003,6172.2875999999997],"y":[3.8199999999999998,5.2210000000000001],"type":"scatter","mode":"lines","line":{"color":"#1b9e77","width":2,"shape":"linear","arrowhead":2,"arrowsize":1},"hoverinfo":["none","none"],"showlegend":false,"marker":{"color":"rgba(44,160,44,1)","line":{"color":"rgba(44,160,44,1)"}},"error_y":{"color":"rgba(44,160,44,1)"},"error_x":{"color":"rgba(44,160,44,1)"},"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","frame":null}],"highlight":{"on":"plotly_click","persistent":false,"dynamic":false,"selectize":false,"opacityDim":0.20000000000000001,"selected":{"opacity":1},"debounce":0},"shinyEvents":["plotly_hover","plotly_click","plotly_selected","plotly_relayout","plotly_brushed","plotly_brushing","plotly_clickannotation","plotly_doubleclick","plotly_deselect","plotly_afterplot","plotly_sunburstclick"],"base_url":"https://plot.ly"},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script>
 </div>
</div>
---

## Why GDP Declined? (Part 1: The downfall because of Oil)

<div class="container">
 <div class="plot-column">
 <div id="htmlwidget-3d542853cbc061dcf6f5" style="width:800px;height:500px;" class="plotly html-widget"></div>
 <script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-3d542853cbc061dcf6f5">{"x":{"data":[{"x":[2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022],"y":[30.199999999999999,33.899999999999999,42.299999999999997,74.200000000000003,84.599999999999994,88.5,71.200000000000003,77.599999999999994,102.5,97.799999999999997,92.5],"mode":"lines+markers","line":{"color":"#d95f02psc","width":2},"marker":{"color":"#d95f02","size":8,"line":{"color":"rgba(31,119,180,1)"}},"text":["Year: 2012 Gross Debt (% of GDP): 30.2","Year: 2013 Gross Debt (% of GDP): 33.9","Year: 2014 Gross Debt (% of GDP): 42.3","Year: 2015 Gross Debt (% of GDP): 74.2","Year: 2016 Gross Debt (% of GDP): 84.6","Year: 2017 Gross Debt (% of GDP): 88.5","Year: 2018 Gross Debt (% of GDP): 71.2","Year: 2019 Gross Debt (% of GDP): 77.6","Year: 2020 Gross Debt (% of GDP): 102.5","Year: 2021 Gross Debt (% of GDP): 97.8","Year: 2022 Gross Debt (% of GDP): 92.5"],"hoverinfo":["text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text"],"hovermode":"x unified","hoverlabel":{"bgcolor":"white","font":{"size":12,"color":"#2c3e50"},"bordercolor":"#2c3e50"},"name":"Gross Debt (% of GDP)","type":"scatter","error_y":{"color":"rgba(31,119,180,1)"},"error_x":{"color":"rgba(31,119,180,1)"},"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","frame":null},{"x":[2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022],"y":[111.63,108.56,98.969999999999999,52.32,43.670000000000002,54.25,71.340000000000003,64.299999999999997,41.960000000000001,70.859999999999999,100.93000000000001],"mode":"lines+markers","marker":{"color":"#7570b3","size":8,"line":{"color":"rgba(255,127,14,1)"}},"line":{"color":"#7570b3","width":2},"text":["Year: 2012 Oil Crude Price (USD/barrel): 111.63","Year: 2013 Oil Crude Price (USD/barrel): 108.56","Year: 2014 Oil Crude Price (USD/barrel): 98.97","Year: 2015 Oil Crude Price (USD/barrel): 52.32","Year: 2016 Oil Crude Price (USD/barrel): 43.67","Year: 2017 Oil Crude Price (USD/barrel): 54.25","Year: 2018 Oil Crude Price (USD/barrel): 71.34","Year: 2019 Oil Crude Price (USD/barrel): 64.3","Year: 2020 Oil Crude Price (USD/barrel): 41.96","Year: 2021 Oil Crude Price (USD/barrel): 70.86","Year: 2022 Oil Crude Price (USD/barrel): 100.93"],"hoverinfo":["text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text"],"hovermode":"x unified","hoverlabel":{"bgcolor":"white","font":{"size":12,"color":"#2c3e50"},"bordercolor":"#2c3e50"},"name":"Oil Crude Price","type":"scatter","error_y":{"color":"rgba(255,127,14,1)"},"error_x":{"color":"rgba(255,127,14,1)"},"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y2","frame":null}],"layout":{"xaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"title":{"text":"Year","standoff":15,"font":{"size":14,"color":"#2c3e50"}},"tickfont":{"size":12},"gridcolor":"lightgray","tickvals":[2012,2014,2016,2018,2020,2022],"range":[2011.5,2022.5],"anchor":"y2"},"yaxis2":{"domain":[0.15000000000000002,0.42999999999999994],"automargin":true,"title":{"text":"Oil Crude Price (USD/barrel)","standoff":15,"font":{"size":14,"color":"#2c3e50"}},"tickfont":{"size":12},"gridcolor":"lightgray","tickvals":[0,20,40,60,80,100],"range":[0,122.79300000000001],"anchor":"x"},"yaxis":{"domain":[0.46999999999999997,0.84999999999999998],"automargin":true,"title":{"text":"% of GDP","standoff":15,"font":{"size":14,"color":"#2c3e50"}},"tickfont":{"size":12},"gridcolor":"lightgray","tickvals":[0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100],"range":[0,112.75000000000001],"anchor":"x"},"annotations":[{"x":2020,"y":97.5,"text":"Government's debt peaked","showarrow":true,"arrowhead":2,"ax":0,"ay":70,"xanchor":"center","yanchor":"bottom","font":{"size":12,"color":"#2c3e50"},"bgcolor":"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)","bordercolor":"#2c3e50","borderwidth":1,"xref":"x","yref":"y"},{"x":2020,"y":51.960000000000001,"text":"Oil price bottomed","showarrow":true,"arrowhead":2,"ax":0,"ay":-40,"xanchor":"center","yanchor":"bottom","font":{"size":12,"color":"#2c3e50"},"bgcolor":"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)","bordercolor":"#2c3e50","borderwidth":1,"xref":"x","yref":"y2"},{"x":0.5,"y":0.90000000000000002,"xref":"paper","yref":"paper","text":" Average Contribution of Oil Exports to GDP: 27.4% (2012–2022)","showarrow":false,"font":{"size":12,"color":"#2c3e50","family":"Arial"}},{"x":1,"y":0,"xref":"paper","yref":"paper","text":"Data Sources: [6], [7], [8]","showarrow":false,"font":{"size":10},"xanchor":"right","yanchor":"top"}],"shapes":[{"type":"line","x0":2012,"x1":2022,"y0":0,"y1":0,"line":{"color":"grey50","dash":"dash"},"xref":"x","yref":"y"},{"type":"line","x0":2012,"x1":2022,"y0":0,"y1":0,"line":{"color":"grey50","dash":"dash"},"xref":"x","yref":"y2"}],"images":[],"width":800,"height":700,"margin":{"b":130,"l":60,"t":4,"r":80},"title":{"text":"Congo: Economic Instability Driven by Oil Dependency (2012–2022) Declining Oil Prices Impact GDP and Increase Debt (Congo, Central Africa)<\/b>","x":0.5,"xanchor":"center","font":{"size":16,"family":"Arial","color":"black","weight":"bold"},"y":0.94999999999999996},"hovermode":"x unified","showlegend":true,"hoverlabel":{"bgcolor":"white","font":{"size":12,"color":"#2c3e50"},"bordercolor":"#2c3e50"},"paper_bgcolor":"white","plot_bgcolor":"white","legend":{"orientation":"h","x":0.5,"xanchor":"center","y":0.070000000000000007,"font":{"size":10}}},"attrs":{"1bc41606ea8":{"x":{},"y":{},"mode":"lines+markers","line":{"width":2,"color":"#d95f02psc"},"marker":{"size":8,"color":"#d95f02"},"text":{},"hoverinfo":"text","hovermode":"x unified","hoverlabel":{"bgcolor":"white","font":{"size":12,"color":"#2c3e50"},"bordercolor":"#2c3e50"},"name":"Gross Debt (% of GDP)","alpha_stroke":1,"sizes":[10,100],"spans":[1,20],"type":"scatter"},"1bc42c63787d":{"x":{},"y":{},"mode":"lines+markers","marker":{"size":8,"color":"#7570b3"},"line":{"width":2,"color":"#7570b3"},"text":{},"hoverinfo":"text","hovermode":"x unified","hoverlabel":{"bgcolor":"white","font":{"size":12,"color":"#2c3e50"},"bordercolor":"#2c3e50"},"name":"Oil Crude Price","alpha_stroke":1,"sizes":[10,100],"spans":[1,20],"type":"scatter"}},"source":"A","config":{"modeBarButtonsToAdd":["hoverclosest","hovercompare"],"showSendToCloud":false},"highlight":{"on":"plotly_click","persistent":false,"dynamic":false,"selectize":false,"opacityDim":0.20000000000000001,"selected":{"opacity":1},"debounce":0},"subplot":true,"shinyEvents":["plotly_hover","plotly_click","plotly_selected","plotly_relayout","plotly_brushed","plotly_brushing","plotly_clickannotation","plotly_doubleclick","plotly_deselect","plotly_afterplot","plotly_sunburstclick"],"base_url":"https://plot.ly"},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script>
 </div>

<div class="text-column">
 Oil dependency? Congo heavily relies on oil exports [3]. The 2014 oil price crash slashed budget revenues, triggering a prolonged recession.

Key Insight: With average oil rents consistently above 20%, Congo’s economy is vulnerable to oil price volatility [4], leading to severe fiscal imbalances [5].
 </div>
</div>
---
## Why GDP Declined? (Part 2: The stall in growth of other sectors)

<div class="container">
 <div class="plot-column">
 <div id="htmlwidget-e84880e2d119d95ca765" style="width:0.6px;height:504px;" class="plotly html-widget"></div>
 <script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-e84880e2d119d95ca765">{"x":{"visdat":{"1bc42acb6648":["function () ","plotlyVisDat"]},"cur_data":"1bc42acb6648","attrs":{"1bc42acb6648":{"x":{},"y":{},"marker":{"color":{},"line":{"color":"transparent"}},"text":{},"textposition":"auto","textfont":{"size":12,"color":"#2c3e50","weight":"bold"},"hoverinfo":"text","hovertext":{},"hoverlabel":{"bgcolor":"white","font":{"size":12,"color":"#2c3e50"},"bordercolor":"#2c3e50"},"alpha_stroke":1,"sizes":[10,100],"spans":[1,20],"type":"bar"}},"layout":{"width":800,"height":550,"margin":{"b":80,"l":60,"t":50,"r":80},"title":{"text":"Non-Oil Sector Growth Trends (2012–2020)<\/b>","x":0.5,"xanchor":"center","y":0.94999999999999996,"font":{"size":16,"family":"Arial","color":"black","weight":"bold"}},"xaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"title":{"text":"Year","font":{"size":14,"color":"#2c3e50"}},"tickfont":{"size":12},"gridcolor":"lightgray","tickvals":[2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020],"tickangle":0,"range":[2011.5,2020.5]},"yaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"title":{"text":"Increase from Previous Year (%)","font":{"size":14,"color":"#2c3e50"}},"tickfont":{"size":12},"gridcolor":"lightgray","tickvals":[0,5,10],"range":[-1.589848626,14.695336122000001]},"shapes":[{"type":"line","x0":2012,"x1":2020,"y0":0,"y1":0,"line":{"color":"grey50","dash":"dash"}}],"annotations":[{"x":2014,"y":7.3452520970000004,"text":"Start of stalling trend","showarrow":true,"arrowhead":2,"ax":40,"ay":-40,"xanchor":"left","yanchor":"bottom","font":{"size":12,"color":"#2c3e50"},"bgcolor":"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)","bordercolor":"#2c3e50","borderwidth":1},{"x":1,"y":-0.10000000000000001,"xref":"paper","yref":"paper","text":"Data Source: [9]","showarrow":false,"font":{"size":10},"xanchor":"right"}],"showlegend":false,"paper_bgcolor":"white","plot_bgcolor":"white","hovermode":"closest"},"source":"A","config":{"modeBarButtonsToAdd":["hoverclosest","hovercompare"],"showSendToCloud":false},"data":[{"x":[2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020],"y":[8.7250203810000002,9.6953361220000005,7.3452520970000004,6.3973193950000002,0.41015137400000001,3.701338072,4.761029583,4.5298340240000003,1.626895183],"marker":{"color":["#8de0a6","#8de0a6","#8de0a6","#8de0a6","#8de0a6","#8de0a6","#8de0a6","#8de0a6","#8de0a6"],"line":{"color":"transparent"}},"text":["+8.7%","+9.7%","+7.3%","+6.4%","+0.4%","+3.7%","+4.8%","+4.5%","+1.6%"],"textposition":["auto","auto","auto","auto","auto","auto","auto","auto","auto"],"textfont":{"size":12,"color":"#2c3e50","weight":"bold"},"hoverinfo":["text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text"],"hovertext":["Year: 2012 Increase (%): 8.73","Year: 2013 Increase (%): 9.7","Year: 2014 Increase (%): 7.35","Year: 2015 Increase (%): 6.4","Year: 2016 Increase (%): 0.41","Year: 2017 Increase (%): 3.7","Year: 2018 Increase (%): 4.76","Year: 2019 Increase (%): 4.53","Year: 2020 Increase (%): 1.63"],"hoverlabel":{"bgcolor":"white","font":{"size":12,"color":"#2c3e50"},"bordercolor":"#2c3e50"},"type":"bar","error_y":{"color":"rgba(31,119,180,1)"},"error_x":{"color":"rgba(31,119,180,1)"},"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","frame":null}],"highlight":{"on":"plotly_click","persistent":false,"dynamic":false,"selectize":false,"opacityDim":0.20000000000000001,"selected":{"opacity":1},"debounce":0},"shinyEvents":["plotly_hover","plotly_click","plotly_selected","plotly_relayout","plotly_brushed","plotly_brushing","plotly_clickannotation","plotly_doubleclick","plotly_deselect","plotly_afterplot","plotly_sunburstclick"],"base_url":"https://plot.ly"},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script>
 </div>

<div class="text-column">
 Lack of diversification? Despite NDP efforts to diversify, Congo’s economy stalled. Non-oil GDP growth slowed since 2013, with agriculture, tourism, and manufacturing underperforming [5].

Key Insight: Economic recession and COVID-19 further hindered diversification, stunting non-oil sector growth and deepening GDP decline.
 </div>
</div>
---

## Why Life Satisfaction Increased? Foreign Aid and Living Conditions (2014–2020)

<div class="container">
 <div class="plot-column">
 <div class="plotly html-widget html-fill-item" id="htmlwidget-412aa18e895cb335ec27" style="width:504px;height:504px;"></div>
 <script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-412aa18e895cb335ec27">{"x":{"visdat":{"1bc4d9545c3":["function () ","plotlyVisDat"],"1bc41c191f26":["function () ","data"],"1bc43bc6cbd":["function () ","data"],"1bc41cc43d9e":["function () ","data"],"1bc41b2f694e":["function () ","data"],"1bc414f230b4":["function () ","data"],"1bc41f507401":["function () ","data"],"1bc421cf2c6f":["function () ","data"],"1bc449651138":["function () ","data"],"1bc41e0e494b":["function () ","data"]},"cur_data":"1bc41e0e494b","attrs":{"1bc41c191f26":{"alpha_stroke":1,"sizes":[10,100],"spans":[1,20],"x":{},"y":{},"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"size":10,"color":"#1b9e77","symbol":"circle"},"text":{},"hoverinfo":"text","name":"Electricity Access 2014","visible":true,"showlegend":true,"inherit":true},"1bc43bc6cbd":{"alpha_stroke":1,"sizes":[10,100],"spans":[1,20],"x":{},"y":{},"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"size":10,"color":"#1b9e77","symbol":"triangle-right","angle":150},"text":{},"hoverinfo":"text","name":"Electricity Access 2020","visible":true,"showlegend":true,"inherit":true},"1bc41cc43d9e":{"alpha_stroke":1,"sizes":[10,100],"spans":[1,20],"x":{},"y":{},"type":"scatter","mode":"lines","line":{"width":2,"color":"#1b9e77","shape":"linear","arrowhead":2,"arrowsize":1},"hoverinfo":"none","visible":true,"showlegend":false,"inherit":true},"1bc41b2f694e":{"alpha_stroke":1,"sizes":[10,100],"spans":[1,20],"x":{},"y":{},"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"size":10,"color":"#d95f02","symbol":"circle"},"text":{},"hoverinfo":"text","name":"Sanitation Access 2014","visible":false,"showlegend":true,"inherit":true},"1bc414f230b4":{"alpha_stroke":1,"sizes":[10,100],"spans":[1,20],"x":{},"y":{},"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"size":10,"color":"#d95f02","symbol":"triangle-right","angle":90},"text":{},"hoverinfo":"text","name":"Sanitation Access 2020","visible":false,"showlegend":true,"inherit":true},"1bc41f507401":{"alpha_stroke":1,"sizes":[10,100],"spans":[1,20],"x":{},"y":{},"type":"scatter","mode":"lines","line":{"width":2,"color":"#d95f02","shape":"linear","arrowhead":2,"arrowsize":1},"hoverinfo":"none","visible":false,"showlegend":false,"inherit":true},"1bc421cf2c6f":{"alpha_stroke":1,"sizes":[10,100],"spans":[1,20],"x":{},"y":{},"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"size":10,"color":"#7570b3","symbol":"circle"},"text":{},"hoverinfo":"text","name":"Child Stunting Rate 2014","visible":false,"showlegend":true,"inherit":true},"1bc449651138":{"alpha_stroke":1,"sizes":[10,100],"spans":[1,20],"x":{},"y":{},"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"size":10,"color":"#7570b3","symbol":"triangle-right"},"text":{},"hoverinfo":"text","name":"Child Stunting Rate 2020","visible":false,"showlegend":true,"inherit":true},"1bc41e0e494b":{"alpha_stroke":1,"sizes":[10,100],"spans":[1,20],"x":{},"y":{},"type":"scatter","mode":"lines","line":{"width":2,"color":"#7570b3","shape":"linear","arrowhead":2,"arrowsize":1},"hoverinfo":"none","visible":false,"showlegend":false,"inherit":true}},"layout":{"width":800,"height":550,"margin":{"b":120,"l":80,"t":75,"r":80},"title":{"text":"Foreign Aid and Living Conditions in Congo (2014 vs. 2020)<\/b>","x":0.5,"y":1.2,"xanchor":"center","font":{"size":18,"family":"Arial","color":"black","weight":"bold"}},"xaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"title":{"text":"Foreign Aid Received (Million USD)","font":{"size":12,"color":"#2c3e50"}},"tickfont":{"size":10},"gridcolor":"lightgray","range":[95.562000269999999,237.30299527]},"yaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"title":{"text":"Percentage of Population (%)","font":{"size":12,"color":"#2c3e50"}},"tickfont":{"size":10},"gridcolor":"lightgray","range":[0,100]},"updatemenus":[{"buttons":[{"method":"restyle","args":["visible",[true,true,true,false,false,false,false,false,false]],"label":"Electricity Access"},{"method":"restyle","args":["visible",[false,false,false,true,true,true,false,false,false]],"label":"Sanitation Access"},{"method":"restyle","args":["visible",[false,false,false,false,false,false,true,true,true]],"label":"Stunting Rate"}],"direction":"down","showactive":true,"x":1,"xanchor":"right","y":0.94999999999999996,"yanchor":"top","bgcolor":"white","bordercolor":"#2c3e50","borderwidth":2,"font":{"size":12,"color":"#2c3e50","weight":"bold"},"pad":{"t":5,"r":5,"b":5,"l":5}}],"legend":{"orientation":"h","x":0.5,"xanchor":"center","y":-0.29999999999999999,"font":{"size":10}},"annotations":[{"x":1,"y":-0.10000000000000001,"xref":"paper","yref":"paper","text":"Data Sources: [10], [11], [12], [14]","showarrow":false,"font":{"size":10},"xanchor":"right","yanchor":"bottom"}],"paper_bgcolor":"white","plot_bgcolor":"white","hovermode":"closest","hoverlabel":{"bgcolor":"white","font":{"size":12,"color":"#2c3e50"},"bordercolor":"#2c3e50"},"showlegend":true},"source":"A","config":{"modeBarButtonsToAdd":["hoverclosest","hovercompare"],"showSendToCloud":false},"data":[{"x":[106.1800003],"y":[43.400001607755812],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"color":"#1b9e77","size":10,"symbol":"circle","line":{"color":"rgba(31,119,180,1)"}},"text":"Year: 2014 Foreign Aid (Million USD): $ 106.18 Electricity Access (%): 43.4","hoverinfo":"text","name":"Electricity Access 2014","visible":true,"showlegend":true,"error_y":{"color":"rgba(31,119,180,1)"},"error_x":{"color":"rgba(31,119,180,1)"},"line":{"color":"rgba(31,119,180,1)"},"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","frame":null},{"x":[215.72999569999999],"y":[48.699999704491262],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"color":"#1b9e77","size":10,"symbol":"triangle-right","angle":150,"line":{"color":"rgba(255,127,14,1)"}},"text":"Year: 2020 Foreign Aid (Million USD): $ 215.73 Electricity Access (%): 48.7","hoverinfo":"text","name":"Electricity Access 2020","visible":true,"showlegend":true,"error_y":{"color":"rgba(255,127,14,1)"},"error_x":{"color":"rgba(255,127,14,1)"},"line":{"color":"rgba(255,127,14,1)"},"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","frame":null},{"x":[106.1800003,215.72999569999999],"y":[43.400001607755812,48.699999704491262],"type":"scatter","mode":"lines","line":{"color":"#1b9e77","width":2,"shape":"linear","arrowhead":2,"arrowsize":1},"hoverinfo":["none","none"],"visible":true,"showlegend":false,"marker":{"color":"rgba(44,160,44,1)","line":{"color":"rgba(44,160,44,1)"}},"error_y":{"color":"rgba(44,160,44,1)"},"error_x":{"color":"rgba(44,160,44,1)"},"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","frame":null},{"x":[106.1800003],"y":[50.279609999999998],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"color":"#d95f02","size":10,"symbol":"circle","line":{"color":"rgba(214,39,40,1)"}},"text":"Year: 2014 Foreign Aid (Million USD): $ 106.18 Sanitation Access (%): 50.3","hoverinfo":"text","name":"Sanitation Access 2014","visible":false,"showlegend":true,"error_y":{"color":"rgba(214,39,40,1)"},"error_x":{"color":"rgba(214,39,40,1)"},"line":{"color":"rgba(214,39,40,1)"},"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","frame":null},{"x":[215.72999569999999],"y":[54.687779999999997],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"color":"#d95f02","size":10,"symbol":"triangle-right","angle":90,"line":{"color":"rgba(148,103,189,1)"}},"text":"Year: 2020 Foreign Aid (Million USD): $ 215.73 Sanitation Access (%): 54.7","hoverinfo":"text","name":"Sanitation Access 2020","visible":false,"showlegend":true,"error_y":{"color":"rgba(148,103,189,1)"},"error_x":{"color":"rgba(148,103,189,1)"},"line":{"color":"rgba(148,103,189,1)"},"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","frame":null},{"x":[106.1800003,215.72999569999999],"y":[50.279609999999998,54.687779999999997],"type":"scatter","mode":"lines","line":{"color":"#d95f02","width":2,"shape":"linear","arrowhead":2,"arrowsize":1},"hoverinfo":["none","none"],"visible":false,"showlegend":false,"marker":{"color":"rgba(140,86,75,1)","line":{"color":"rgba(140,86,75,1)"}},"error_y":{"color":"rgba(140,86,75,1)"},"error_x":{"color":"rgba(140,86,75,1)"},"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","frame":null},{"x":[106.1800003],"y":[21.5],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"color":"#7570b3","size":10,"symbol":"circle","line":{"color":"rgba(227,119,194,1)"}},"text":"Year: 2014 Foreign Aid (Million USD): $ 106.18 Stunting Rate (%): 21.5","hoverinfo":"text","name":"Child Stunting Rate 2014","visible":false,"showlegend":true,"error_y":{"color":"rgba(227,119,194,1)"},"error_x":{"color":"rgba(227,119,194,1)"},"line":{"color":"rgba(227,119,194,1)"},"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","frame":null},{"x":[215.72999569999999],"y":[17.800000000000001],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"color":"#7570b3","size":10,"symbol":"triangle-right","line":{"color":"rgba(127,127,127,1)"}},"text":"Year: 2020 Foreign Aid (Million USD): $ 215.73 Stunting Rate (%): 17.8","hoverinfo":"text","name":"Child Stunting Rate 2020","visible":false,"showlegend":true,"error_y":{"color":"rgba(127,127,127,1)"},"error_x":{"color":"rgba(127,127,127,1)"},"line":{"color":"rgba(127,127,127,1)"},"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","frame":null},{"x":[106.1800003,215.72999569999999],"y":[21.5,17.800000000000001],"type":"scatter","mode":"lines","line":{"color":"#7570b3","width":2,"shape":"linear","arrowhead":2,"arrowsize":1},"hoverinfo":["none","none"],"visible":false,"showlegend":false,"marker":{"color":"rgba(188,189,34,1)","line":{"color":"rgba(188,189,34,1)"}},"error_y":{"color":"rgba(188,189,34,1)"},"error_x":{"color":"rgba(188,189,34,1)"},"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","frame":null}],"highlight":{"on":"plotly_click","persistent":false,"dynamic":false,"selectize":false,"opacityDim":0.20000000000000001,"selected":{"opacity":1},"debounce":0},"shinyEvents":["plotly_hover","plotly_click","plotly_selected","plotly_relayout","plotly_brushed","plotly_brushing","plotly_clickannotation","plotly_doubleclick","plotly_deselect","plotly_afterplot","plotly_sunburstclick"],"base_url":"https://plot.ly"},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script>
 </div>

<div class="text-column" style="border-left: 4px solid #1b9e77;">
 Foreign Aid’s Impact on Living Conditions: From 2014 to 2020, Congo received substantial financial aid totaling $927.83 million. This aid significantly improved living conditions, as seen in the trends for electricity access, sanitation, and stunting rates.
 Key Insight: The chart shows how foreign aid correlates with improvements in living conditions, with notable progress between 2014 and 2020, contributing to increased life satisfaction.
 Reference: [14]
 Note: Use the dropdown menu above the chart to switch between different metrics (electricity access, sanitation access, stunting rate).
 </div>
</div>

---
## Why life satisfaction increase? - Another Factor: Reduced Conflict Deaths

<div class="container">
 <div class="plot-column">
 <div id="htmlwidget-47d3ea0874ba92ebe8c0" style="width:1.5px;height:504px;" class="plotly html-widget"></div>
 <script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-47d3ea0874ba92ebe8c0">{"x":{"visdat":{"1bc438a7009":["function () ","plotlyVisDat"]},"cur_data":"1bc438a7009","attrs":{"1bc438a7009":{"x":{},"y":{},"marker":{"color":"#d95f02"},"textposition":"none","text":{},"hoverinfo":"text","name":"Conflict Death Rate","alpha_stroke":1,"sizes":[10,100],"spans":[1,20],"type":"bar"}},"layout":{"width":800,"height":650,"margin":{"b":150,"l":80,"t":80,"r":80},"title":{"text":" Congo: Armed Conflict Death Rate (1989–2023) <\/b>","x":0.5,"xanchor":"center","y":0.94999999999999996,"font":{"size":16,"family":"Arial","color":"black","weight":"bold"}},"xaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"title":{"text":"Year","font":{"size":12,"color":"#2c3e50"}},"tickfont":{"size":10},"gridcolor":"lightgray","tickvals":[1989,1994,1999,2004,2009,2014,2019],"range":[1988.5,2023.5]},"yaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"title":{"text":"Conflict Death Rate (per 100,000)","font":{"size":12,"color":"#2c3e50"}},"tickfont":{"size":10},"gridcolor":"lightgray","range":[0,400]},"legend":{"orientation":"h","x":0.5,"xanchor":"center","y":-0.20000000000000001,"font":{"size":10}},"annotations":[{"x":1997,"y":365.54964999999999,"xref":"x","yref":"y","text":"Humanitarian Crisis and Civil War (1997–1999)","showarrow":true,"arrowhead":2,"ax":180,"ay":-40,"font":{"size":12,"color":"#2c3e50"},"bgcolor":"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)","bordercolor":"#2c3e50","borderwidth":1}],"paper_bgcolor":"white","plot_bgcolor":"white","hovermode":"x unified","hoverlabel":{"bgcolor":"white","font":{"size":12,"color":"#2c3e50"},"bordercolor":"#2c3e50"},"showlegend":false},"source":"A","config":{"modeBarButtonsToAdd":["hoverclosest","hovercompare"],"showSendToCloud":false},"data":[{"x":[1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023],"y":[0,0,0,0,5.2021680000000003,0,0,0,360.54964999999999,127.47208000000001,31.257914,0,0,6.7149425000000003,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1.3212075999999999,0,0,0.017804370999999999,0,0,5.9320069999999996,0],"marker":{"color":"#d95f02","line":{"color":"rgba(31,119,180,1)"}},"textposition":["none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none","none"],"text":["Year: 1989 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 0","Year: 1990 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 0","Year: 1991 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 0","Year: 1992 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 0","Year: 1993 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 5.2","Year: 1994 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 0","Year: 1995 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 0","Year: 1996 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 0","Year: 1997 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 360.5","Year: 1998 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 127.5","Year: 1999 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 31.3","Year: 2000 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 0","Year: 2001 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 0","Year: 2002 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 6.7","Year: 2003 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 0","Year: 2004 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 0","Year: 2005 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 0","Year: 2006 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 0","Year: 2007 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 0","Year: 2008 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 0","Year: 2009 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 0","Year: 2010 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 0","Year: 2011 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 0","Year: 2012 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 0","Year: 2013 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 0","Year: 2014 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 0","Year: 2015 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 0","Year: 2016 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 1.3","Year: 2017 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 0","Year: 2018 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 0","Year: 2019 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 0","Year: 2020 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 0","Year: 2021 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 0","Year: 2022 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 5.9","Year: 2023 , Death Rate (per 100,000): 0"],"hoverinfo":["text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text","text"],"name":"Conflict Death Rate","type":"bar","error_y":{"color":"rgba(31,119,180,1)"},"error_x":{"color":"rgba(31,119,180,1)"},"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","frame":null}],"highlight":{"on":"plotly_click","persistent":false,"dynamic":false,"selectize":false,"opacityDim":0.20000000000000001,"selected":{"opacity":1},"debounce":0},"shinyEvents":["plotly_hover","plotly_click","plotly_selected","plotly_relayout","plotly_brushed","plotly_brushing","plotly_clickannotation","plotly_doubleclick","plotly_deselect","plotly_afterplot","plotly_sunburstclick"],"base_url":"https://plot.ly"},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script>
 </div>

<div class="text-column">
 Post-Crisis Stability: After the humanitarian crisis and civil war around 1997–1999, the people of the Republic of Congo experienced more peaceful years, contributing to increased life satisfaction.
 Data Source: [13]
 </div>
</div>
---
## Conclusion: Money Can Buy Happiness – A Roadmap for Congo

<div class="container-center">
 <div class="plot-column center">
 <div style="border-left: 4px solid #1b9e77; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; box-shadow: 3px 3px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; text-align: justify; width: 80%;">
 Can Money Buy Happiness? Yes, It Can. Globally, a strong correlation (0.81) suggests that higher income often leads to higher life satisfaction [1]. Congo’s story powerfully affirms this, showing how financial resources, when used wisely, can indeed buy happiness.
 Congo: An Outlier in Global Trends: According to Our World in Data, Congo stands out as an outlier [1]. While global trends link higher GDP per capita to increased life satisfaction, Congo’s GDP fell from 2011 to 2023, yet life satisfaction rose, showing a negative correlation. This anomaly arises because much of Congo’s income comes from foreign aid—totaling $927.83 million from 2014–2020—which isn’t fully reflected in GDP per capita. This highlights that GDP per capita doesn’t always capture a country’s true income, especially when foreign aid plays a significant role.
 Foreign Aid Driving Happiness: In Congo, foreign aid has been transformative, funding infrastructure projects that improved living conditions, such as electricity, sanitation, and health [16][17]. Investments in rural electrification, clean water supply, schools, and health centers significantly enhanced living standards, particularly during 2014–2020 [16][17]. Reduced conflict after 1999 also brought stability, further supporting happiness.
 The Answer: Congo demonstrates that money can buy happiness when directed toward basic needs and stability. Foreign aid, rather than GDP growth, has been the key driver of improved quality of life, underscoring the importance of how financial resources are utilized.
 Roadmap for Congo: To sustain this progress, Congo should continue leveraging foreign aid to diversify into sustainable sectors and breaking free from oil dependency while prioritizing peace and living condition gains.
 </div>
 </div>
</div>
---
## References

<div class="references-container">
 <div class="references-text-column">
 <div style="border-left: 4px solid #1b9e77; padding: 10px; border-radius: 8px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4; text-align: left;">
 [1] Our World in Data. (n.d.). GDP per capita vs. life satisfaction. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-vs-happiness
 [2] Our World in Data. (n.d.). Happiness and life satisfaction. https://ourworldindata.org/happiness-and-life-satisfaction
 [3] World Bank. (2017). Why Republic of Congo’s oil-driven growth model must change. https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/africacan/why-republic-congos-oil-driven-growth-model-must-change
 [4] Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. (2022). Diversification strategy under deep uncertainty for MENA oil-exporting countries. https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/diversification-strategy-under-deep-uncertainty-for-mena-oil-exporting-countries/
 [5] International Monetary Fund. (2023). Republic of Congo: 2023 Article IV consultation. https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/002/2023/090/article-A001-en.xml
 [6] International Monetary Fund. (n.d.). Gross debt as a percentage of GDP (Republic of Congo). https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/GGXWDG_NGDP@WEO/COG?zoom=COG&highlight=COG
 [7] World Bank. (n.d.). Oil rents (% of GDP) - Republic of Congo. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PETR.RT.ZS?locations=CG
 [8] Statista. (n.d.). Brent crude oil price changes since 1976. https://www.statista.com/statistics/262860/uk-brent-crude-oil-price-changes-since-1976/
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="references-text-column">
 <div style="border-left: 4px solid #1b9e77; padding: 10px; border-radius: 8px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4; text-align: left;">
 [9] FRED. (n.d.). Non-oil GDP growth, PPP terms (Republic of Congo). Federal Reserve Economic Data. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/COGNGDPXORPCPPPT
 [10] Our World in Data. (n.d.). Number of people with and without electricity access. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/people-without-electricity-country
 [11] Our World in Data. (n.d.). Share of the population using improved sanitation facilities. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-using-improved-sanitation-facilities
 [12] Our World in Data. (n.d.). Share of children younger than 5 who suffer from stunting. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-younger-than-5-who-suffer-from-stunting
 [13] Our World in Data. (n.d.). Death rate in armed conflicts. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/death-rate-in-armed-conflicts
 [14] World Bank. (n.d.). Net official development assistance and official aid received (Republic of Congo). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/DT.ODA.ALLD.CD?locations=CG
 [15] World Bank. (2023). For the Republic of Congo, economic diversification offers a path to prosperity. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/congo/publication/for-the-republic-of-congo-economic-diversification-offers-a-path-to-prosperity
 [16] World Bank. (2018). Republic of Congo - Poverty Assessment Report: Improving Infrastructure and Basic Services. https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/892361543028432121/republic-of-congo-poverty-assessment-report-improving-infrastructure-and-basic-services
 [17] UNDP. (2019). Foreign Aid and Development in the Republic of Congo: Building Infrastructure for a Better Future. https://www.undp.org/congo/news/foreign-aid-and-development-republic-congo
 </div>
 </div>
</div>