options(repos = c(CRAN = "https://cloud.r-project.org"))

Goal - To analyze the influence of tariffs on popular stocks within different sectors.

Note: Choices of stocks reflect popular stocks among the Swedish population.

The choosen stocks are: Atlas Copco (Industrial), Investor (Financials), SINCH (Information Technology), Orrön (Energy), SSAB (Material), SAAB (Defense), Axfood (Consumer Staples), Volvo Car (Consumer Discretionary), AstraZeneca (Healtcare), Nordea (Bank), Ericsson (Communication Services), Castellum (Real Estate)

Stock Price

The Stock price is collected from March 1st, a month ahead of liberation day to May 10th.

stocks <- tq_get(c("ATCO-A.ST", "SINCH.ST", "INVE-B.st", "SSAB-B.ST", "SAAB-B.ST", "AXFO.ST", "VOLCAR-B.ST", "NDA-SE.ST", "ERIC-B.ST", "CAST.ST", "ORRON.ST", "AZN.ST"),
                 get = "stock.prices",
                 from = "2025-03-01",
                 to = "2025-05-10")
stocks
## # A tibble: 564 × 8
##    symbol    date        open  high   low close  volume adjusted
##    <chr>     <date>     <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>   <dbl>    <dbl>
##  1 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-03  183.  184.  181.  181. 5851286     179.
##  2 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-04  178.  179.  174.  175. 5849265     174.
##  3 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-05  180.  185.  178.  184. 6462212     183.
##  4 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-06  186.  186.  179.  183. 5369088     181.
##  5 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-07  181.  184.  179.  183. 6084395     182.
##  6 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-10  184.  185.  179.  179. 3915631     177.
##  7 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-11  182.  182.  175.  175. 4600879     173.
##  8 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-12  178.  179.  176.  177. 6365358     175.
##  9 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-13  175.  178.  174.  176. 3017065     174.
## 10 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-14  175.  177.  175.  177. 3440299     175.
## # ℹ 554 more rows

Stock Prices Graphed

stocks %>%
    
    ggplot(aes(x = date, y = adjusted, color = symbol)) +
    geom_line()

Improved Graph

# Load data
tickers <- c("ATCO-A.ST", "SINCH.ST", "INVE-B.st", "SSAB-B.ST", "SAAB-B.ST", "AXFO.ST", "VOLCAR-B.ST", "NDA-SE.ST", "ERIC-B.ST", "CAST.ST", "ORRON.ST", "AZN.ST")

df_stocks <- yf_get(tickers = tickers, 
                        first_date = as.Date("2025-03-01"), 
                        last_date = as.Date("2025-05-10"))
## 
## ── Running yfR for 12 stocks | 2025-03-01 --> 2025-05-10 (70 days) ──
## 
## ℹ Downloading data for benchmark ticker ^GSPC
## ℹ (1/12) Fetching data for ATCO-A.ST
## !    - not cached
## ✔    - cache saved successfully
## ✔    - got 47 valid rows (2025-03-03 --> 2025-05-09)
## ✔    - got 96% of valid prices -- Feliz que nem lambari de sanga!
## ℹ (2/12) Fetching data for AXFO.ST
## !    - not cached
## ✔    - cache saved successfully
## ✔    - got 47 valid rows (2025-03-03 --> 2025-05-09)
## ✔    - got 96% of valid prices -- Youre doing good!
## ℹ (3/12) Fetching data for AZN.ST
## !    - not cached
## ✔    - cache saved successfully
## ✔    - got 47 valid rows (2025-03-03 --> 2025-05-09)
## ✔    - got 96% of valid prices -- Time for some tea?
## ℹ (4/12) Fetching data for CAST.ST
## !    - not cached
## ✔    - cache saved successfully
## ✔    - got 47 valid rows (2025-03-03 --> 2025-05-09)
## ✔    - got 96% of valid prices -- All OK!
## ℹ (5/12) Fetching data for ERIC-B.ST
## !    - not cached
## ✔    - cache saved successfully
## ✔    - got 47 valid rows (2025-03-03 --> 2025-05-09)
## ✔    - got 96% of valid prices -- Looking good!
## ℹ (6/12) Fetching data for INVE-B.st
## !    - not cached
## ✔    - cache saved successfully
## ✔    - got 47 valid rows (2025-03-03 --> 2025-05-09)
## ✔    - got 96% of valid prices -- All OK!
## ℹ (7/12) Fetching data for NDA-SE.ST
## !    - not cached
## ✔    - cache saved successfully
## ✔    - got 47 valid rows (2025-03-03 --> 2025-05-09)
## ✔    - got 96% of valid prices -- All OK!
## ℹ (8/12) Fetching data for ORRON.ST
## !    - not cached
## ✔    - cache saved successfully
## ✔    - got 47 valid rows (2025-03-03 --> 2025-05-09)
## ✔    - got 96% of valid prices -- Nice!
## ℹ (9/12) Fetching data for SAAB-B.ST
## !    - not cached
## ✔    - cache saved successfully
## ✔    - got 47 valid rows (2025-03-03 --> 2025-05-09)
## ✔    - got 96% of valid prices -- You got it vincentsmac!
## ℹ (10/12) Fetching data for SINCH.ST
## !    - not cached
## ✔    - cache saved successfully
## ✔    - got 47 valid rows (2025-03-03 --> 2025-05-09)
## ✔    - got 96% of valid prices -- Boa!
## ℹ (11/12) Fetching data for SSAB-B.ST
## !    - not cached
## ✔    - cache saved successfully
## ✔    - got 47 valid rows (2025-03-03 --> 2025-05-09)
## ✔    - got 96% of valid prices -- Time for some tea?
## ℹ (12/12) Fetching data for VOLCAR-B.ST
## !    - not cached
## ✔    - cache saved successfully
## ✔    - got 47 valid rows (2025-03-03 --> 2025-05-09)
## ✔    - got 96% of valid prices -- Nice!
## ℹ Binding price data
## 
## ── Diagnostics ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## ✔ Returned dataframe with 564 rows -- Time for some tea?
## ℹ Using 78.4 kB at /var/folders/xv/5h23j4p10m94jp1pvq6296x00000gn/T//Rtmp9P70JR/yf_cache for 13 cache files
## ℹ Out of 12 requested tickers, you got 12 (100%)
# Calculate % change from first available price
df_pct_change <- df_stocks %>%
  group_by(ticker) %>%
  arrange(ref_date) %>%
  mutate(pct_change = 100 * (price_adjusted / first(price_adjusted) - 1))

# Plot % change
ggplot(df_pct_change, aes(x = ref_date, y = pct_change, color = ticker)) +
  geom_line(lindewidth = 1) +
  labs(title = "Stock Performance (% Change from Start)",
       x = "Date", y = "% Change", color = "Stock") +
  scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::percent_format(scale = 1)) +
  theme_minimal()
## Warning in geom_line(lindewidth = 1): Ignoring unknown parameters: `lindewidth`

ggplot(df_pct_change, aes(x = ref_date, y = pct_change, color = ticker)) +
  geom_line(size = 1.2) +
  scale_color_tableau(name = "Stock") +  # Color-blind friendly and distinct
  labs(title = "Stock Performance (% Change from Start)",
       x = "Date", y = "% Change") +
  theme_economist() +  # or try theme_fivethirtyeight()
  scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::percent_format(scale = 1))
## Warning: Using `size` aesthetic for lines was deprecated in ggplot2 3.4.0.
## ℹ Please use `linewidth` instead.
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.
## Warning in check_pal_n(n, max_n): This palette can handle a maximum of 10
## values.You have supplied 12.
## Warning: Removed 94 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_line()`).

Filter Rows

filter(stocks, high < 200, low > 100)
## # A tibble: 139 × 8
##    symbol    date        open  high   low close  volume adjusted
##    <chr>     <date>     <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>   <dbl>    <dbl>
##  1 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-03  183.  184.  181.  181. 5851286     179.
##  2 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-04  178.  179.  174.  175. 5849265     174.
##  3 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-05  180.  185.  178.  184. 6462212     183.
##  4 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-06  186.  186.  179.  183. 5369088     181.
##  5 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-07  181.  184.  179.  183. 6084395     182.
##  6 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-10  184.  185.  179.  179. 3915631     177.
##  7 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-11  182.  182.  175.  175. 4600879     173.
##  8 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-12  178.  179.  176.  177. 6365358     175.
##  9 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-13  175.  178.  174.  176. 3017065     174.
## 10 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-14  175.  177.  175.  177. 3440299     175.
## # ℹ 129 more rows
filter(stocks, high < 200 | low > 100)
## # A tibble: 564 × 8
##    symbol    date        open  high   low close  volume adjusted
##    <chr>     <date>     <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>   <dbl>    <dbl>
##  1 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-03  183.  184.  181.  181. 5851286     179.
##  2 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-04  178.  179.  174.  175. 5849265     174.
##  3 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-05  180.  185.  178.  184. 6462212     183.
##  4 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-06  186.  186.  179.  183. 5369088     181.
##  5 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-07  181.  184.  179.  183. 6084395     182.
##  6 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-10  184.  185.  179.  179. 3915631     177.
##  7 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-11  182.  182.  175.  175. 4600879     173.
##  8 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-12  178.  179.  176.  177. 6365358     175.
##  9 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-13  175.  178.  174.  176. 3017065     174.
## 10 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-14  175.  177.  175.  177. 3440299     175.
## # ℹ 554 more rows
filter(stocks, high < 200 & low > 100)
## # A tibble: 139 × 8
##    symbol    date        open  high   low close  volume adjusted
##    <chr>     <date>     <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>   <dbl>    <dbl>
##  1 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-03  183.  184.  181.  181. 5851286     179.
##  2 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-04  178.  179.  174.  175. 5849265     174.
##  3 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-05  180.  185.  178.  184. 6462212     183.
##  4 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-06  186.  186.  179.  183. 5369088     181.
##  5 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-07  181.  184.  179.  183. 6084395     182.
##  6 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-10  184.  185.  179.  179. 3915631     177.
##  7 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-11  182.  182.  175.  175. 4600879     173.
##  8 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-12  178.  179.  176.  177. 6365358     175.
##  9 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-13  175.  178.  174.  176. 3017065     174.
## 10 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-14  175.  177.  175.  177. 3440299     175.
## # ℹ 129 more rows

Arrange Rows

arrange(stocks, symbol, date, open, close)
## # A tibble: 564 × 8
##    symbol    date        open  high   low close  volume adjusted
##    <chr>     <date>     <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>   <dbl>    <dbl>
##  1 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-03  183.  184.  181.  181. 5851286     179.
##  2 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-04  178.  179.  174.  175. 5849265     174.
##  3 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-05  180.  185.  178.  184. 6462212     183.
##  4 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-06  186.  186.  179.  183. 5369088     181.
##  5 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-07  181.  184.  179.  183. 6084395     182.
##  6 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-10  184.  185.  179.  179. 3915631     177.
##  7 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-11  182.  182.  175.  175. 4600879     173.
##  8 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-12  178.  179.  176.  177. 6365358     175.
##  9 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-13  175.  178.  174.  176. 3017065     174.
## 10 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-14  175.  177.  175.  177. 3440299     175.
## # ℹ 554 more rows
arrange(stocks, desc(open))
## # A tibble: 564 × 8
##    symbol date        open  high   low close volume adjusted
##    <chr>  <date>     <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>  <dbl>    <dbl>
##  1 AZN.ST 2025-03-03 1622  1628. 1606. 1607  375268    1607 
##  2 AZN.ST 2025-03-05 1613  1614. 1584. 1596  410343    1596 
##  3 AZN.ST 2025-03-04 1607  1639  1604. 1625  457533    1625 
##  4 AZN.ST 2025-03-06 1586  1588. 1564  1582. 339353    1582.
##  5 AZN.ST 2025-03-17 1586. 1586. 1550. 1563  223416    1563 
##  6 AZN.ST 2025-03-07 1574. 1575  1562. 1572  235706    1572 
##  7 AZN.ST 2025-03-14 1568  1576. 1555  1574. 214782    1574.
##  8 AZN.ST 2025-03-18 1563  1568. 1546. 1552. 236841    1552.
##  9 AZN.ST 2025-03-10 1560  1560. 1530. 1554. 284282    1554.
## 10 AZN.ST 2025-03-21 1552  1552  1523  1525  447013    1525 
## # ℹ 554 more rows
arrange(stocks, desc(close))
## # A tibble: 564 × 8
##    symbol date        open  high   low close volume adjusted
##    <chr>  <date>     <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>  <dbl>    <dbl>
##  1 AZN.ST 2025-03-04 1607  1639  1604. 1625  457533    1625 
##  2 AZN.ST 2025-03-03 1622  1628. 1606. 1607  375268    1607 
##  3 AZN.ST 2025-03-05 1613  1614. 1584. 1596  410343    1596 
##  4 AZN.ST 2025-03-06 1586  1588. 1564  1582. 339353    1582.
##  5 AZN.ST 2025-03-14 1568  1576. 1555  1574. 214782    1574.
##  6 AZN.ST 2025-03-07 1574. 1575  1562. 1572  235706    1572 
##  7 AZN.ST 2025-03-13 1534  1570. 1531  1569  404628    1569 
##  8 AZN.ST 2025-03-17 1586. 1586. 1550. 1563  223416    1563 
##  9 AZN.ST 2025-03-20 1542. 1569  1542. 1555  243844    1555 
## 10 AZN.ST 2025-03-10 1560  1560. 1530. 1554. 284282    1554.
## # ℹ 554 more rows

Select Columns

select(stocks, symbol:close)
## # A tibble: 564 × 6
##    symbol    date        open  high   low close
##    <chr>     <date>     <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
##  1 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-03  183.  184.  181.  181.
##  2 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-04  178.  179.  174.  175.
##  3 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-05  180.  185.  178.  184.
##  4 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-06  186.  186.  179.  183.
##  5 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-07  181.  184.  179.  183.
##  6 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-10  184.  185.  179.  179.
##  7 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-11  182.  182.  175.  175.
##  8 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-12  178.  179.  176.  177.
##  9 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-13  175.  178.  174.  176.
## 10 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-14  175.  177.  175.  177.
## # ℹ 554 more rows
select(stocks, symbol, date, open, close)
## # A tibble: 564 × 4
##    symbol    date        open close
##    <chr>     <date>     <dbl> <dbl>
##  1 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-03  183.  181.
##  2 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-04  178.  175.
##  3 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-05  180.  184.
##  4 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-06  186.  183.
##  5 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-07  181.  183.
##  6 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-10  184.  179.
##  7 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-11  182.  175.
##  8 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-12  178.  177.
##  9 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-13  175.  176.
## 10 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-14  175.  177.
## # ℹ 554 more rows
select(stocks, symbol, date, open, close, contains("adjusted"))
## # A tibble: 564 × 5
##    symbol    date        open close adjusted
##    <chr>     <date>     <dbl> <dbl>    <dbl>
##  1 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-03  183.  181.     179.
##  2 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-04  178.  175.     174.
##  3 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-05  180.  184.     183.
##  4 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-06  186.  183.     181.
##  5 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-07  181.  183.     182.
##  6 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-10  184.  179.     177.
##  7 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-11  182.  175.     173.
##  8 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-12  178.  177.     175.
##  9 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-13  175.  176.     174.
## 10 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-14  175.  177.     175.
## # ℹ 554 more rows

Add Columns

mutate(stocks, 
       range = high - low) %>%
    select(symbol:close, range) 
## # A tibble: 564 × 7
##    symbol    date        open  high   low close range
##    <chr>     <date>     <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
##  1 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-03  183.  184.  181.  181.  3.10
##  2 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-04  178.  179.  174.  175.  4.90
##  3 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-05  180.  185.  178.  184.  7.5 
##  4 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-06  186.  186.  179.  183.  7.55
##  5 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-07  181.  184.  179.  183.  4.95
##  6 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-10  184.  185.  179.  179.  6.05
##  7 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-11  182.  182.  175.  175.  6.95
##  8 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-12  178.  179.  176.  177.  3.55
##  9 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-13  175.  178.  174.  176.  3.80
## 10 ATCO-A.ST 2025-03-14  175.  177.  175.  177.  2.55
## # ℹ 554 more rows
mutate(stocks, 
       range = high - low) %>%
    select(range) 
## # A tibble: 564 × 1
##    range
##    <dbl>
##  1  3.10
##  2  4.90
##  3  7.5 
##  4  7.55
##  5  4.95
##  6  6.05
##  7  6.95
##  8  3.55
##  9  3.80
## 10  2.55
## # ℹ 554 more rows

Summarise with groups

summarise(stocks, open = mean(open, na.rm = TRUE))
## # A tibble: 1 × 1
##    open
##   <dbl>
## 1  248.
stocks %>% 
    group_by(symbol) %>% 
    summarise(open = mean(open, na.rm = TRUE)) %>% 
    arrange(open)
## # A tibble: 12 × 2
##    symbol         open
##    <chr>         <dbl>
##  1 ORRON.ST       4.64
##  2 VOLCAR-B.ST   19.6 
##  3 SINCH.ST      21.9 
##  4 SSAB-B.ST     62.6 
##  5 ERIC-B.ST     80.2 
##  6 CAST.ST      111.  
##  7 NDA-SE.ST    132.  
##  8 ATCO-A.ST    162.  
##  9 AXFO.ST      240.  
## 10 INVE-B.st    294.  
## 11 SAAB-B.ST    407.  
## 12 AZN.ST      1437.