Table 1a. Characteristics of participants at baseline (N = 1,066,289)
Characteristic Severe infection after age 65 years
no, N = 836,916 yes, N = 229,373
Age 74 (69, 81) 74 (70, 82)
Age

    65-70 236,396 (28%) 61,255 (27%)
    71-80 376,238 (45%) 100,210 (44%)
    81-90 188,099 (22%) 54,394 (24%)
    >90 36,183 (4.3%) 13,514 (5.9%)
Sex

    Female 15,984 (1.9%) 4,798 (2.1%)
    Male 820,932 (98%) 224,575 (98%)
Race or ethinicty

    White 625,931 (77%) 169,306 (76%)
    Black 115,889 (14%) 31,602 (14%)
    Hisp 58,100 (7.1%) 16,342 (7.4%)
    Other 13,548 (1.7%) 3,839 (1.7%)
    Asian 1,945 (0.2%) 688 (0.3%)
    Missing 21,503 7,596
Area of residence

    Rural 317,162 (38%) 76,704 (33%)
    Urban 519,754 (62%) 152,669 (67%)
Area Deprivation Index (quintiles)

    First 142,513 (17%) 38,319 (17%)
    Second 158,535 (19%) 40,827 (19%)
    Third 170,633 (21%) 44,307 (20%)
    Fourth 175,254 (21%) 47,518 (22%)
    Fifth 175,770 (21%) 48,959 (22%)
    Missing 14,211 9,443
AUDIT-C 0 (0, 2) 0 (0, 1)
    Missing 20,531 5,324
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) 27,083 (3.2%) 13,525 (5.9%)
Alcohol use

    Abstinent without AUD 450,669 (55%) 151,056 (67%)
    Abstinent with AUD 7,351 (0.9%) 5,386 (2.4%)
    Lower-risk consumption 255,999 (31%) 46,589 (21%)
    Moderate-risk consumption 76,461 (9.4%) 11,369 (5.1%)
    High-risk consumption 25,905 (3.2%) 9,648 (4.3%)
    Missing 20,531 5,325
Smoking status

    Current 179,338 (22%) 63,780 (28%)
    Former 390,052 (47%) 100,021 (44%)
    Never 262,874 (32%) 64,127 (28%)
    Missing 4,652 1,445
Charlson Commorbidity Index 1 (0, 3) 3 (2, 5)
Charlson Commorbidity Index

    0 429,380 (51%) 51,916 (23%)
    1 167,589 (20%) 38,607 (17%)
    2 101,028 (12%) 35,598 (16%)
    3+ 138,919 (17%) 103,252 (45%)
Myocardial infarction 28,352 (3.4%) 22,458 (9.8%)
Congestive heart failure 74,737 (8.9%) 57,597 (25%)
Peripheral vascular disease 101,940 (12%) 59,782 (26%)
Cerebrovascular disease 88,456 (11%) 48,135 (21%)
Dementia 27,681 (3.3%) 21,925 (9.6%)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 176,698 (21%) 90,338 (39%)
Rheumatologic disease 17,334 (2.1%) 7,510 (3.3%)
Peptic ulcer disease 11,370 (1.4%) 7,122 (3.1%)
Mild liver disease 31,958 (3.8%) 17,178 (7.5%)
Diabetes mellitus (not complicated) 303,477 (36%) 109,408 (48%)
Diabetes mellitus (complicated) 118,570 (14%) 61,410 (27%)
Paralelgia or Hemiplegia 5,537 (0.7%) 6,116 (2.7%)
Cancer 135,050 (16%) 63,976 (28%)
Moderate or severe liver disease 3,705 (0.4%) 3,463 (1.5%)
Metastatic solid tumor 9,013 (1.1%) 12,274 (5.4%)
HIV 1,130 (0.1%) 590 (0.3%)
Renal disease 114,385 (14%) 60,908 (27%)
Any infection (outpatient recorded) within 5 years before baseline 333,043 (40%) 135,171 (59%)
VACS Index (baseline)

    Mean (SD) 48 (11) 57 (14)
    Median (IQR) 47 (40, 54) 55 (46, 66)
    Range 19 - 112 20 - 120