Table 1.b. Frailty (VACS Index) during follow-up (N = 1,066,289)
Characteristic Severe infection after age 65 years
no, N = 836,916 yes, N = 229,373
VACS Index (yr 1)

    Mean (SD) 50 (12) 60 (16)
    Median (IQR) 48 (42, 56) 58 (48, 70)
    Range 19 - 127 20 - 129
Missingness

    Available 709,562 (85%) 216,618 (94%)
    Censored 2 (<0.1%) 0 (0%)
    Missing 127,352 (15%) 12,755 (5.6%)
VACS Index (yr 2)

    Mean (SD) 50 (11) 57 (14)
    Median (IQR) 49 (42, 57) 55 (47, 65)
    Range 20 - 124 21 - 125
Missingness

    Available 576,204 (69%) 142,900 (62%)
    Censored 89,846 (11%) 55,416 (24%)
    Missing 170,866 (20%) 31,057 (14%)
VACS Index (yr 3)

    Mean (SD) 51 (11) 57 (14)
    Median (IQR) 49 (43, 57) 55 (47, 65)
    Range 23 - 122 24 - 128
Missingness

    Available 462,775 (55%) 107,981 (47%)
    Censored 215,551 (26%) 93,828 (41%)
    Missing 158,590 (19%) 27,564 (12%)
VACS Index (yr 4)

    Mean (SD) 52 (11) 57 (13)
    Median (IQR) 50 (44, 58) 55 (47, 64)
    Range 23 - 127 23 - 129
Missingness

    Available 371,254 (44%) 83,418 (36%)
    Censored 331,170 (40%) 124,240 (54%)
    Missing 134,492 (16%) 21,715 (9.5%)
VACS Index (yr 5)

    Mean (SD) 52 (11) 57 (13)
    Median (IQR) 51 (45, 58) 55 (48, 64)
    Range 23 - 123 25 - 124
Missingness

    Available 291,357 (35%) 63,267 (28%)
    Censored 433,757 (52%) 148,518 (65%)
    Missing 111,802 (13%) 17,588 (7.7%)