The unsuspected connection between learning time and academic performance
2025-05-08
1 Introduction
This study looks at the academic performance of students from three different schools. The individual test results and the individual learning time of the students form the basis of the study. The aim is to determine whether mean values and other key statistical indicators enable a comparison of the schools’ performance and whether there is a correlation between test results and learning time. This evaluation serves to gain initial insights into the extent to which learning behavior affects academic success.
2 Results
This section presents the key findings of the study based on the collected data. It includes a descriptive overview of the sample, followed by an analysis of average test scores and study times. Finally, differences between schools and the relationship between study time and academic performance are examined. ## Study Sample A total of 183 students from 3 different schools took part in this study. The largest number of students came from Oakwood High School, followed by Hillcrest High School and St. Mary’s Church of England (Tab.1).
| School | Participants | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Total | 183 |
| 3 | Oakwood High School | 69 |
| 2 | Hillcrest High School | 60 |
| 4 | St Mary’s Church of England School | 54 |
2.1 Average test results and study times
Table 2 shows the average test results and learning times for the entire sample. The average test score is 44.77 points, while the average study time is 8.9 hours. These two values provide a basic overview of the academic performance and learning behavior of the participating students.
| Variable | Average |
|---|---|
| Test result | 44.768744 |
| Study time | 8.899278 |
2.2 Comparison of school performances
2.2.1 Average scores
Hillcrest High School achieved the highest score with an average of 48.8 points. It is followed by St Mary’s Church of England School with 47.2 points and by Oakwood High School with 39.3 points (Tab. 3). These results provide an initial indication of the differences in performance within the sample.| School Name | Average Test Score |
|---|---|
| Hillcrest High School | 48.84623 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 47.19057 |
| Oakwood High School | 39.32777 |
Table 3 shows that Hillcrest High School not only has the most participants, but also the best average test scores.
2.2.2 Study Times
Having established Hillcrest High School achieved the best test results compared to the other schools, the following analysis investigated whether this above-average performance is possibly linked to a higher learning time. To test this hypothesis, the average learning time of students at the three schools is examined. Table 4 shows the average learning time of students at each of the three schools. Students at Hillcrest High School has the highest average study time at 9.23 hours. These results suggest that the higher investment in study time among students at this school may have contributed to the higher than average test scores. In comparison, students at St Mary’s Church of England School with an average study time of 8.76 hours and students at Oakwood High School with 8.72 hours are lower.
| School | Average Study Time (hrs) |
|---|---|
| Hillcrest High School | 9.232940 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 8.757616 |
| Oakwood High School | 8.720004 |
The analysis of the learning time in the context of the test results shows that there is a possible correlation between the learning time invested and the results achieved. However, the results remain open to further investigation, as other school and individual factors can also influence learning success. The higher amount of study time invested at Hillcrest High School could explain part of the success, but a more detailed analysis is required to investigate this relationship further.
2.3 Relationship between study time and test result
After Hillcrest High School achieved the best average test results, it is investigated whether this result is related to the students’ increased learning time. To test this hypothesis, a linear regression analysis is conducted to analyze the impact of study time on test scores. The linear regression shows a significant correlation between the learning time and the test results (Fig. 1).
The estimated coefficient for study time (study_time) is
2.02. The p-value for this coefficient is 0`, which underlines the
statistical significance of the result. The intercept, which represents
the baseline test score without study time, is 26.8, indicating that
without study time a student would score 26.8 on average (Tab. 5).
| Estimate | Standard Error | t Value | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept | 26.799339 | 1.2426779 | 21.56580 | 0 |
| Study Time | 2.019198 | 0.1326095 | 15.22665 | 0 |
The results of the regression analysis show that there is a strong correlation between learning time and test scores, indicating that students who spend more time learning tend to achieve better results.
3 Attachments
The following section contains a supplementary table with the raw data used in the analysis. This attachment provides a transparent overview of the underlying values for each student and support the reproducibility of the results.
3.1 Study Results
| School | Test Score | Study Time |
|---|---|---|
| Hillcrest High School | 54.59454 | 13.092146 |
| Hillcrest High School | 45.90443 | 7.285176 |
| Hillcrest High School | 46.07368 | 10.068656 |
| Hillcrest High School | 53.15568 | 10.877858 |
| Hillcrest High School | 51.89308 | 10.192075 |
| Hillcrest High School | 45.88416 | 8.660897 |
| Hillcrest High School | 49.43284 | 13.513836 |
| Hillcrest High School | 49.04923 | 8.695293 |
| Hillcrest High School | 55.00619 | 15.034541 |
| Hillcrest High School | 49.30719 | 8.791128 |
| Hillcrest High School | 49.59065 | 12.893879 |
| Hillcrest High School | 54.12954 | 15.839206 |
| Hillcrest High School | 47.03255 | 4.812688 |
| Hillcrest High School | 48.98281 | 8.142904 |
| Hillcrest High School | 50.05463 | 8.579306 |
| Hillcrest High School | 56.51023 | 10.887121 |
| Hillcrest High School | 48.13828 | 8.126511 |
| Hillcrest High School | 33.20910 | 1.009904 |
| Hillcrest High School | 40.99077 | 1.657870 |
| Hillcrest High School | 57.04151 | 12.939610 |
| Oakwood High School | 44.29733 | 8.059354 |
| Oakwood High School | 25.14011 | 3.635345 |
| Oakwood High School | 35.47447 | 8.463518 |
| Oakwood High School | 45.12912 | 12.623294 |
| Oakwood High School | 48.16753 | 14.664851 |
| Oakwood High School | 35.43849 | 7.687863 |
| Oakwood High School | 37.85879 | 8.207462 |
| Oakwood High School | 25.77590 | 3.689781 |
| Oakwood High School | 48.83004 | 10.359562 |
| Oakwood High School | 36.44190 | 7.059286 |
| Oakwood High School | 42.43892 | 10.345621 |
| Oakwood High School | 45.67442 | 11.093782 |
| Oakwood High School | 46.28141 | 12.084581 |
| Oakwood High School | 35.90872 | 7.152491 |
| Oakwood High School | 47.41863 | 10.494136 |
| Oakwood High School | 29.00540 | 3.828244 |
| Oakwood High School | 31.40098 | 6.625893 |
| Oakwood High School | 36.01010 | 6.426547 |
| Oakwood High School | 24.41876 | 1.736647 |
| Oakwood High School | 38.60989 | 9.087638 |
| Oakwood High School | 37.99014 | 9.597266 |
| Oakwood High School | 39.07729 | 7.896098 |
| Oakwood High School | 43.98547 | 11.253760 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 42.94447 | 6.799156 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 34.92019 | 4.874427 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 49.85766 | 10.277724 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 44.38598 | 6.545091 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 60.11943 | 13.311574 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 46.89865 | 7.684932 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 50.23389 | 10.946214 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 49.43679 | 9.945046 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 40.07521 | 6.627753 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 60.94646 | 13.706453 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 57.77003 | 10.907968 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 48.67736 | 9.248552 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 51.15944 | 9.808922 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 51.22429 | 11.017137 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 46.55865 | 9.248769 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 23.99421 | 0.000000 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 54.27720 | 9.833919 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 48.37929 | 7.877566 |
| Hillcrest High School | 45.30004 | 9.534962 |
| Hillcrest High School | 57.01957 | 10.724741 |
| Hillcrest High School | 56.86480 | 13.178481 |
| Hillcrest High School | 46.07672 | 6.797394 |
| Hillcrest High School | 55.57510 | 12.886898 |
| Hillcrest High School | 47.07002 | 9.986815 |
| Hillcrest High School | 49.22528 | 12.094788 |
| Hillcrest High School | 52.23690 | 11.741456 |
| Hillcrest High School | 47.77480 | 11.141905 |
| Hillcrest High School | 45.58995 | 5.849913 |
| Hillcrest High School | 52.34357 | 8.708711 |
| Hillcrest High School | 47.91817 | 10.849825 |
| Hillcrest High School | 43.12712 | 6.118700 |
| Hillcrest High School | 46.96063 | 7.350784 |
| Hillcrest High School | 47.81392 | 10.722260 |
| Hillcrest High School | 50.39072 | 11.283807 |
| Hillcrest High School | 53.06295 | 10.370573 |
| Hillcrest High School | 48.49496 | 6.321941 |
| Hillcrest High School | 45.96745 | 5.679928 |
| Hillcrest High School | 48.66620 | 13.517391 |
| Oakwood High School | 41.34408 | 9.753035 |
| Oakwood High School | 43.68350 | 9.244591 |
| Oakwood High School | 41.67275 | 8.616581 |
| Oakwood High School | 32.22012 | 5.396284 |
| Oakwood High School | 35.53073 | 10.815261 |
| Oakwood High School | 38.83860 | 8.327851 |
| Oakwood High School | 40.58326 | 8.431000 |
| Oakwood High School | 45.69603 | 11.779309 |
| Oakwood High School | 45.36142 | 11.444590 |
| Oakwood High School | 49.60593 | 13.155619 |
| Oakwood High School | 35.91185 | 7.550749 |
| Oakwood High School | 47.79057 | 10.930316 |
| Oakwood High School | 49.71638 | 13.152602 |
| Oakwood High School | 29.56580 | 5.646904 |
| Oakwood High School | 38.93851 | 6.396892 |
| Oakwood High School | 36.78149 | 5.584054 |
| Oakwood High School | 33.67548 | 4.601628 |
| Oakwood High School | 35.45055 | 9.219218 |
| Oakwood High School | 42.16985 | 10.938883 |
| Oakwood High School | 49.07087 | 12.582166 |
| Oakwood High School | 46.35821 | 12.113523 |
| Oakwood High School | 34.98333 | 5.969644 |
| Oakwood High School | 58.42821 | 14.524716 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 39.48171 | 6.978950 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 42.54783 | 9.295812 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 44.95859 | 7.712503 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 44.77387 | 8.612220 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 50.96967 | 9.543849 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 46.57311 | 9.336753 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 54.34814 | 8.903993 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 48.53935 | 9.303488 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 42.13689 | 7.522964 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 42.90107 | 7.466619 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 35.57561 | 3.995973 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 44.78883 | 7.832269 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 38.44711 | 7.441319 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 72.24097 | 17.084943 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 37.95949 | 4.892922 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 49.29009 | 9.391039 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 36.70040 | 4.498395 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 34.26447 | 4.567963 |
| Hillcrest High School | 49.05039 | 9.353377 |
| Hillcrest High School | 46.63433 | 5.989353 |
| Hillcrest High School | 51.74739 | 8.973802 |
| Hillcrest High School | 43.49421 | 7.694494 |
| Hillcrest High School | 46.46544 | 7.138255 |
| Hillcrest High School | 41.27340 | 2.905237 |
| Hillcrest High School | 42.08927 | 5.305026 |
| Hillcrest High School | 46.31831 | 9.517820 |
| Hillcrest High School | 48.92636 | 10.682132 |
| Hillcrest High School | 48.76119 | 7.500638 |
| Hillcrest High School | 47.52638 | 8.979459 |
| Hillcrest High School | 50.46286 | 12.347939 |
| Hillcrest High School | 54.44885 | 13.298837 |
| Hillcrest High School | 41.11537 | 5.687929 |
| Hillcrest High School | 51.49040 | 8.627312 |
| Hillcrest High School | 51.64673 | 12.583766 |
| Hillcrest High School | 47.65148 | 7.570081 |
| Hillcrest High School | 48.73925 | 8.821862 |
| Hillcrest High School | 48.46442 | 8.720948 |
| Hillcrest High School | 51.00763 | 6.316233 |
| Oakwood High School | 34.81445 | 7.645218 |
| Oakwood High School | 43.21828 | 8.890936 |
| Oakwood High School | 37.57005 | 7.737664 |
| Oakwood High School | 44.13324 | 12.319428 |
| Oakwood High School | 36.86629 | 7.536292 |
| Oakwood High School | 39.59984 | 7.679763 |
| Oakwood High School | 42.86316 | 11.069858 |
| Oakwood High School | 31.30408 | 5.810165 |
| Oakwood High School | 40.17264 | 8.857175 |
| Oakwood High School | 33.61506 | 4.324636 |
| Oakwood High School | 46.74118 | 12.480779 |
| Oakwood High School | 34.15559 | 8.158333 |
| Oakwood High School | 33.23144 | 7.575734 |
| Oakwood High School | 30.22384 | 5.264513 |
| Oakwood High School | 38.33064 | 8.955984 |
| Oakwood High School | 35.09257 | 6.578424 |
| Oakwood High School | 38.76908 | 7.378793 |
| Oakwood High School | 46.38074 | 12.842296 |
| Oakwood High School | 35.56375 | 8.452693 |
| Oakwood High School | 35.34916 | 5.763923 |
| Oakwood High School | 41.76415 | 9.468891 |
| Oakwood High School | 41.25415 | 7.891055 |
| Oakwood High School | 38.45118 | 10.749311 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 61.09157 | 13.276536 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 43.06366 | 6.001193 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 54.20218 | 10.343221 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 46.20423 | 9.233964 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 58.19549 | 11.665967 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 43.25403 | 8.289936 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 54.10719 | 11.489128 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 35.79491 | 3.744103 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 62.27251 | 14.047647 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 58.20645 | 11.573604 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 45.70714 | 8.526942 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 30.16766 | 4.632249 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 51.17844 | 10.908296 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 49.02100 | 10.428852 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 46.42774 | 8.960203 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 48.29198 | 9.433638 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 42.22076 | 7.226943 |
| St Mary’s Church of England School | 50.52733 | 10.085690 |