0. Basic Info
Cohort: - Patients between 18 and 80 years old who started dialysis in Network 6 from 2015 to 2021 - Preemptive listed patients were excluded - Preemptive referrals were excluded
Outcome: referred within 1 year * referred to transplant center outside or inside state - Not referred within 1 year - Referred within 1 year to transplant center outside state - Referred within 1 year to transplant center inside state
pt <- readRDS("../data/dialysis_cohort.rds") %>%
# REVIEW: check if the preemptive referrals should be included in the secondary analysis
filter(is.na(referral_date) | referral_date >= FIRSTDIAL) %>%
mutate(referred_within_1yr = if_else(referral_date - FIRSTDIAL + 1 <= 365.25, 1, 0, missing = 0),
referred_to_tx_outside_state = ifelse(df_state != substr(CTR_CD, 1, 2), 1, 0),
referred_within_1yr_outside_state = case_when(referred_within_1yr == 0 ~ 0,
referred_to_tx_outside_state == 1 ~ 1,
referred_to_tx_outside_state == 0 ~ 2),
referred_within_1yr_outside_state = factor(referred_within_1yr_outside_state,
levels = 0:2,
labels = c("No", "To Center Outside State", "To Center Inside State"))) %>%
mutate_at(c("nearest_tx_outside_state", "adjacent_to_boundary", "nearest_state_boundary_within_10m", "tx_outside_state_driving_time"), yn_factor) %>%
rowwise() %>%
mutate(como_na = sum(is.na(COMO_CHF), is.na(COMO_ASHD), is.na(COMO_OTHCARD), is.na(COMO_CVATIA), is.na(COMO_PVD), is.na(COMO_HTN), is.na(COMO_DIABETES), is.na(COMO_COPD), is.na(COMO_CANC), is.na(COMO_TOBAC)),
como_cnt = sum(COMO_CHF == "Y", COMO_ASHD == "Y", COMO_OTHCARD == "Y", COMO_CVATIA == "Y", COMO_PVD == "Y", COMO_HTN == "Y", COMO_DIABETES == "Y", COMO_COPD == "Y", COMO_CANC == "Y", COMO_TOBAC == "Y", na.rm = T),
como_cnt = ifelse(como_na == 10, NA, como_cnt),
ADI_NATRANK = ifelse(ADI_NATRANK %in% c("PH", "GQ", "PH-GQ", "QDI"), NA, as.numeric(ADI_NATRANK))) %>%
select(referred_within_1yr_outside_state, insurance_medevid_first, adjacent_to_boundary, male, INC_AGE, RACE, HISPANIC, EMPCUR, NEPHCARE, TRCERT, COMO_INST, como_cnt, inambulate, median_household_income, public_transportation_pct, ADI_NATRANK)
desc_pt <- pt %>%
filter(!is.na(referred_within_1yr_outside_state)) %>%
filter(!is.na(insurance_medevid_first)) %>%
mutate(median_household_income = median_household_income / 10000)1. Descriptive tables
var_label <- list(
"referred_within_1yr_outside_state" = "Referred within 1 year",
"adjacent_to_boundary" = "Located in the county adjacent to state boundary",
"insurance_medevid_first" = "Insurance type",
"male" = "Sex",
"INC_AGE" = "Age at Dialysis Start",
"RACE" = "Race",
"HISPANIC" = "Ethnicity",
"EMPCUR" = "Employment Status",
"NEPHCARE" = "Prior Nephrology Care",
"TRCERT" = "Patient Completing Home Dialysis Training",
"COMO_INST" = "Institutionalized",
"como_cnt" = "Number of Comorbidities",
"inambulate" = "Inability to Ambulate",
"median_household_income" = "Median Household Income (×$10k)",
"public_transportation_pct" = "Public transportation to Work (%)",
"ADI_NATRANK" = "ADI National Rank"
)
desc_pt %>%
tbl_summary(by = adjacent_to_boundary,
type = list(all_continuous() ~ "continuous2",
all_dichotomous() ~ "categorical"),
statistic = all_continuous() ~ c("{mean}±{sd}", "{median} ({p25}, {p75})"),
label = var_label
) %>%
modify_spanning_header(all_stat_cols() ~ "**Located in the county adjacent to state boundary**") %>%
add_overall()| Characteristic | Overall N = 60,8031 |
Located in the county adjacent to state boundary
|
|
|---|---|---|---|
| No N = 42,4111 |
Yes N = 18,3921 |
||
| Referred within 1 year | |||
| No | 44,011 (72%) | 30,227 (71%) | 13,784 (75%) |
| To Center Outside State | 1,557 (2.6%) | 758 (1.8%) | 799 (4.3%) |
| To Center Inside State | 15,235 (25%) | 11,426 (27%) | 3,809 (21%) |
| Insurance type | |||
| TM w/o MDCD | 23,359 (38%) | 16,072 (38%) | 7,287 (40%) |
| TM w/ MDCD | 5,799 (9.5%) | 4,075 (9.6%) | 1,724 (9.4%) |
| MA w/o MDCD | 6,615 (11%) | 4,498 (11%) | 2,117 (12%) |
| MA w/ MDCD | 1,232 (2.0%) | 858 (2.0%) | 374 (2.0%) |
| Employer | 7,176 (12%) | 5,180 (12%) | 1,996 (11%) |
| Other | 4,018 (6.6%) | 2,838 (6.7%) | 1,180 (6.4%) |
| None | 12,604 (21%) | 8,890 (21%) | 3,714 (20%) |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 33,648 (55%) | 23,284 (55%) | 10,364 (56%) |
| Female | 27,155 (45%) | 19,127 (45%) | 8,028 (44%) |
| Age at Dialysis Start | |||
| Mean±SD | 60±13 | 60±13 | 61±13 |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 63 (52, 71) | 62 (52, 71) | 63 (52, 71) |
| Race | |||
| White | 26,652 (44%) | 17,526 (41%) | 9,126 (50%) |
| Black | 32,592 (54%) | 23,827 (56%) | 8,765 (48%) |
| AIAN | 289 (0.5%) | 65 (0.2%) | 224 (1.2%) |
| Asian | 858 (1.4%) | 694 (1.6%) | 164 (0.9%) |
| NHPI | 263 (0.4%) | 198 (0.5%) | 65 (0.4%) |
| Other | 119 (0.2%) | 79 (0.2%) | 40 (0.2%) |
| Unknown | 30 | 22 | 8 |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic | 2,429 (4.0%) | 1,762 (4.2%) | 667 (3.6%) |
| Non-Hispanic | 58,367 (96%) | 40,644 (96%) | 17,723 (96%) |
| Unknown | 7 | 5 | 2 |
| Employment Status | |||
| Employed | 6,003 (9.9%) | 4,361 (10%) | 1,642 (8.9%) |
| Other | 54,800 (90%) | 38,050 (90%) | 16,750 (91%) |
| Prior Nephrology Care | |||
| No | 12,049 (20%) | 8,806 (21%) | 3,243 (18%) |
| Yes | 39,323 (65%) | 26,469 (62%) | 12,854 (70%) |
| Unknown | 9,431 (16%) | 7,136 (17%) | 2,295 (12%) |
| Patient Completing Home Dialysis Training | |||
| No | 98 (0.2%) | 64 (0.2%) | 34 (0.2%) |
| Yes | 6,322 (10%) | 4,355 (10%) | 1,967 (11%) |
| Unknown | 54,383 (89%) | 37,992 (90%) | 16,391 (89%) |
| Institutionalized | |||
| No | 56,998 (94%) | 39,781 (94%) | 17,217 (94%) |
| Yes | 3,793 (6.2%) | 2,619 (6.2%) | 1,174 (6.4%) |
| Unknown | 12 | 11 | 1 |
| Number of Comorbidities | |||
| Mean±SD | 3±1 | 3±1 | 3±1 |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 2 (2, 3) | 2 (2, 3) | 2 (2, 3) |
| Inability to Ambulate | |||
| No | 56,648 (93%) | 39,550 (93%) | 17,098 (93%) |
| Yes | 4,143 (6.8%) | 2,850 (6.7%) | 1,293 (7.0%) |
| Unknown | 12 | 11 | 1 |
| Median Household Income (×$10k) | |||
| Mean±SD | 6.19±2.06 | 6.34±2.14 | 5.84±1.83 |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 5.86 (4.76, 7.16) | 5.91 (4.88, 7.42) | 5.54 (4.62, 6.61) |
| Unknown | 877 | 573 | 304 |
| Public transportation to Work (%) | |||
| Mean±SD | 1.20±2.87 | 1.40±3.15 | 0.73±2.03 |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 0.30 (0.00, 1.04) | 0.34 (0.01, 1.27) | 0.15 (0.00, 0.78) |
| Unknown | 729 | 491 | 238 |
| ADI National Rank | |||
| Mean±SD | 68±21 | 66±22 | 70±20 |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 71 (53, 85) | 71 (51, 83) | 74 (56, 88) |
| Unknown | 1,560 | 1,032 | 528 |
| 1 n (%) | |||
desc_pt %>%
select(referred_within_1yr_outside_state, insurance_medevid_first) %>%
tbl_summary(by = referred_within_1yr_outside_state,
type = list(all_continuous() ~ "continuous2",
all_dichotomous() ~ "categorical"),
percent = "row",
digits = list(all_categorical() ~ c(0, 1)),
statistic = all_continuous() ~ c("{mean}±{sd}", "{median} ({p25}, {p75})"),
label = var_label
) %>%
modify_spanning_header(all_stat_cols() ~ "**Referred within 1 Year**")| Characteristic |
Referred within 1 Year
|
||
|---|---|---|---|
| No N = 44,0111 |
To Center Outside State N = 1,5571 |
To Center Inside State N = 15,2351 |
|
| Insurance type | |||
| TM w/o MDCD | 18,540 (79.4%) | 480 (2.1%) | 4,339 (18.6%) |
| TM w/ MDCD | 4,560 (78.6%) | 127 (2.2%) | 1,112 (19.2%) |
| MA w/o MDCD | 5,167 (78.1%) | 124 (1.9%) | 1,324 (20.0%) |
| MA w/ MDCD | 954 (77.4%) | 29 (2.4%) | 249 (20.2%) |
| Employer | 3,803 (53.0%) | 332 (4.6%) | 3,041 (42.4%) |
| Other | 2,635 (65.6%) | 130 (3.2%) | 1,253 (31.2%) |
| None | 8,352 (66.3%) | 335 (2.7%) | 3,917 (31.1%) |
| 1 n (%) | |||
2. Fit multinomial logistic regression models
male, INC_AGE, RACE, HISPANIC, EMPCUR, NEPHCARE, TRCERT, COMO_INST, COMO_INAMB, the number of COMOs (CHF ASHD OTH_CARDIAC ASCVD PVD HYPER DIABETES COPD CANC SMOKING), census - % of public transportation, census - median household income
create_rr_tbl <- function(m) {
m2 <- m %>%
tbl_regression(exponentiate = T,
label = var_label) %>%
bold_p() %>%
modify_table_styling(columns = c(estimate),
rows = reference_row == TRUE,
label = "**RRR**",
missing_symbol = "Ref.") %>%
modify_footnote(estimate ~ "RRR = Relative Risk Ratio") %>%
remove_abbreviation()
outcome1_tbl <- m2$table_body %>%
filter(groupname_col == "To Center Inside State")
outcome1 <- m2
outcome1$table_body <- outcome1_tbl
outcome2_tbl <- m2$table_body %>%
filter(groupname_col == "To Center Outside State")
outcome2 <- m2
outcome2$table_body <- outcome2_tbl
m2 <- tbl_merge(list(outcome1, outcome2),
tab_spanner = c("**To Center Inside State**", "**To Center Outside State**"))
m2$table_styling$header <- m2$table_styling$header %>%
mutate(hide = ifelse(column %in% c("groupname_col_1", "groupname_col_2"), T, hide))
return(m2)
}
covars <- "ADI_NATRANK + male + INC_AGE + RACE + HISPANIC + EMPCUR + NEPHCARE + TRCERT + COMO_INST + como_cnt + inambulate + median_household_income + public_transportation_pct"m_crude <- multinom(
referred_within_1yr_outside_state ~ adjacent_to_boundary + insurance_medevid_first,
data = desc_pt,
trace = F
)
m_adjusted <- multinom(
as.formula(paste("referred_within_1yr_outside_state ~ adjacent_to_boundary + insurance_medevid_first + ", covars)),
data = desc_pt,
trace = F
)
m_interaction_crude <- multinom(
referred_within_1yr_outside_state ~ adjacent_to_boundary * insurance_medevid_first,
data = desc_pt,
trace = F
)
m_interaction_adjusted <- multinom(
as.formula(paste("referred_within_1yr_outside_state ~ adjacent_to_boundary * insurance_medevid_first + ", covars)),
data = desc_pt,
trace = F
)2.1 Models without interaction
Crude Model
| Characteristic |
To Center Inside State
|
To Center Outside State
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RRR1 | 95% CI | p-value | RRR1 | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Located in the county adjacent to state boundary | ||||||
| No | Ref. | — | Ref. | — | ||
| Yes | 0.74 | 0.71, 0.78 | <0.001 | 2.35 | 2.13, 2.61 | <0.001 |
| Insurance type | ||||||
| TM w/o MDCD | Ref. | — | Ref. | — | ||
| TM w/ MDCD | 1.04 | 0.96, 1.12 | 0.3 | 1.09 | 0.89, 1.33 | 0.4 |
| MA w/o MDCD | 1.10 | 1.02, 1.18 | 0.008 | 0.92 | 0.75, 1.12 | 0.4 |
| MA w/ MDCD | 1.11 | 0.96, 1.28 | 0.14 | 1.18 | 0.81, 1.73 | 0.4 |
| Employer | 3.39 | 3.20, 3.60 | <0.001 | 3.46 | 2.99, 3.99 | <0.001 |
| Other | 2.02 | 1.88, 2.18 | <0.001 | 1.93 | 1.58, 2.35 | <0.001 |
| None | 2.00 | 1.90, 2.10 | <0.001 | 1.57 | 1.36, 1.80 | <0.001 |
| 1 RRR = Relative Risk Ratio | ||||||
Adjusted Model
| Characteristic |
To Center Inside State
|
To Center Outside State
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RRR1 | 95% CI | p-value | RRR1 | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Located in the county adjacent to state boundary | ||||||
| No | Ref. | — | Ref. | — | ||
| Yes | 0.78 | 0.75, 0.82 | <0.001 | 2.10 | 1.89, 2.33 | <0.001 |
| Insurance type | ||||||
| TM w/o MDCD | Ref. | — | Ref. | — | ||
| TM w/ MDCD | 0.92 | 0.85, 0.99 | 0.032 | 0.96 | 0.78, 1.18 | 0.7 |
| MA w/o MDCD | 1.13 | 1.05, 1.21 | 0.001 | 1.00 | 0.82, 1.22 | >0.9 |
| MA w/ MDCD | 1.05 | 0.90, 1.22 | 0.5 | 1.09 | 0.74, 1.62 | 0.7 |
| Employer | 1.40 | 1.30, 1.50 | <0.001 | 1.49 | 1.25, 1.79 | <0.001 |
| Other | 1.10 | 1.01, 1.19 | 0.028 | 1.09 | 0.88, 1.34 | 0.5 |
| None | 0.92 | 0.86, 0.98 | 0.007 | 0.75 | 0.63, 0.89 | <0.001 |
| ADI National Rank | 1.00 | 1.00, 1.00 | 0.012 | 1.01 | 1.00, 1.01 | <0.001 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | Ref. | — | Ref. | — | ||
| Female | 0.88 | 0.85, 0.92 | <0.001 | 0.89 | 0.80, 0.99 | 0.036 |
| Age at Dialysis Start | 0.96 | 0.96, 0.96 | <0.001 | 0.96 | 0.96, 0.97 | <0.001 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | Ref. | — | Ref. | — | ||
| Black | 1.35 | 1.29, 1.41 | <0.001 | 1.23 | 1.10, 1.38 | <0.001 |
| AIAN | 1.59 | 1.19, 2.13 | 0.002 | 1.40 | 0.79, 2.51 | 0.3 |
| Asian | 1.31 | 1.12, 1.54 | <0.001 | 0.47 | 0.23, 0.94 | 0.034 |
| NHPI | 0.85 | 0.62, 1.17 | 0.3 | 1.83 | 0.94, 3.55 | 0.075 |
| Other | 1.73 | 1.12, 2.67 | 0.013 | 2.49 | 1.06, 5.87 | 0.037 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Hispanic | Ref. | — | Ref. | — | ||
| Non-Hispanic | 1.46 | 1.31, 1.62 | <0.001 | 2.16 | 1.53, 3.05 | <0.001 |
| Employment Status | ||||||
| Employed | Ref. | — | Ref. | — | ||
| Other | 0.78 | 0.73, 0.84 | <0.001 | 0.80 | 0.68, 0.95 | 0.010 |
| Prior Nephrology Care | ||||||
| No | Ref. | — | Ref. | — | ||
| Yes | 1.11 | 1.05, 1.17 | <0.001 | 1.24 | 1.08, 1.43 | 0.003 |
| Unknown | 0.87 | 0.82, 0.94 | <0.001 | 0.88 | 0.72, 1.07 | 0.2 |
| Patient Completing Home Dialysis Training | ||||||
| No | Ref. | — | Ref. | — | ||
| Yes | 1.00 | 0.62, 1.61 | >0.9 | 2.99 | 2.40, 3.71 | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 0.84 | 0.52, 1.35 | 0.5 | 2.41 | 1.95, 2.97 | <0.001 |
| Institutionalized | ||||||
| No | Ref. | — | Ref. | — | ||
| Yes | 0.35 | 0.30, 0.40 | <0.001 | 0.25 | 0.15, 0.41 | <0.001 |
| Number of Comorbidities | 0.94 | 0.92, 0.95 | <0.001 | 0.88 | 0.84, 0.92 | <0.001 |
| Inability to Ambulate | ||||||
| No | Ref. | — | Ref. | — | ||
| Yes | 0.41 | 0.36, 0.47 | <0.001 | 0.32 | 0.21, 0.49 | <0.001 |
| Median Household Income (×$10k) | 1.05 | 1.04, 1.06 | <0.001 | 0.98 | 0.95, 1.01 | 0.2 |
| Public transportation to Work (%) | 1.01 | 1.00, 1.01 | 0.037 | 0.92 | 0.89, 0.95 | <0.001 |
| 1 RRR = Relative Risk Ratio | ||||||
2.2 Models with interaction
Crude Model
AME
avg_comparisons(m_interaction_crude) %>%
mutate(estimate_ci = paste0(round(estimate, 3), " (", round(conf.low, 3), ", ", round(conf.high, 3), ")"),
p.value = ifelse(p.value < .001, "<.001", round(p.value, 3)),
term = map_chr(term, ~ var_label[[.]]),
id = row_number()) %>%
arrange(group, id) %>%
select(group, term, contrast, estimate_ci, p.value) %>%
kbl(booktabs = T,
col.names = c("Outcome", "Characteristics", "Comparison", "AME (95% CI)", "p-value")) %>%
kable_material(c("hover")) %>%
column_spec(1:2, bold = T) %>%
row_spec(row = 0, bold = T) %>%
collapse_rows(columns = 1:2, valign = "top")| Outcome | Characteristics | Comparison | AME (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Located in the county adjacent to state boundary | Yes - No | 0.032 (0.024, 0.039) | <.001 |
| Insurance type | Employer - TM w/o MDCD | -0.263 (-0.276, -0.25) | <.001 | |
| MA w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | -0.019 (-0.043, 0.005) | 0.119 | ||
| MA w/o MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | -0.013 (-0.024, -0.002) | 0.024 | ||
| None - TM w/o MDCD | -0.13 (-0.14, -0.121) | <.001 | ||
| Other - TM w/o MDCD | -0.137 (-0.153, -0.122) | <.001 | ||
| TM w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | -0.007 (-0.019, 0.005) | 0.249 | ||
| To Center Outside State | Located in the county adjacent to state boundary | Yes - No | 0.026 (0.023, 0.03) | <.001 |
| Insurance type | Employer - TM w/o MDCD | 0.027 (0.022, 0.033) | <.001 | |
| MA w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | 0.003 (-0.006, 0.012) | 0.482 | ||
| MA w/o MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | -0.002 (-0.006, 0.001) | 0.236 | ||
| None - TM w/o MDCD | 0.006 (0.003, 0.01) | <.001 | ||
| Other - TM w/o MDCD | 0.012 (0.006, 0.018) | <.001 | ||
| TM w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | 0.002 (-0.003, 0.006) | 0.452 | ||
| To Center Inside State | Located in the county adjacent to state boundary | Yes - No | -0.058 (-0.065, -0.051) | <.001 |
| Insurance type | Employer - TM w/o MDCD | 0.236 (0.223, 0.248) | <.001 | |
| MA w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | 0.016 (-0.007, 0.039) | 0.173 | ||
| MA w/o MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | 0.015 (0.004, 0.026) | 0.006 | ||
| None - TM w/o MDCD | 0.124 (0.115, 0.134) | <.001 | ||
| Other - TM w/o MDCD | 0.125 (0.11, 0.14) | <.001 | ||
| TM w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | 0.005 (-0.006, 0.017) | 0.356 |
ggeffect(m_interaction_crude,
terms = "insurance_medevid_first") %>%
ggplot(aes(x = x, y = predicted,
color = response.level,
group = response.level)) +
geom_line() +
geom_point() +
geom_errorbar(aes(ymin = conf.low, ymax = conf.high,
color = response.level,
group = response.level),
width = .05) +
scale_color_brewer(palette = "Dark2",
name = "",
labels = c("No",
"Referred to Center Inside State",
"Referred to Center Outside State")
) +
labs(x = "Insurance Status",
y = "Predicted Value",
title = "Crude Model") +
ggthemes::theme_wsj() +
theme(legend.position = "bottom",
title = element_text(size = 15),
axis.title = element_text(size = 15, face = "bold"))Insurance at distance status
avg_comparisons(
m_interaction_crude,
variables = "insurance_medevid_first",
by = "adjacent_to_boundary"
) %>%
mutate(estimate_ci = paste0(round(estimate, 3), " (", round(conf.low, 3), ", ", round(conf.high, 3), ")"),
p.value = ifelse(p.value < .001, "<.001", round(p.value, 3))) %>%
select(adjacent_to_boundary, group, contrast, estimate_ci, p.value) %>%
kbl(booktabs = T,
col.names = c("Adjacent to state boundary", "Outcome", "Comparison between insurance status", "AME (95% CI)", "p-value")) %>%
kable_material(c("hover")) %>%
column_spec(1:2, bold = T) %>%
row_spec(row = 0, bold = T) %>%
collapse_rows(columns = 1:2, valign = "top")| Adjacent to state boundary | Outcome | Comparison between insurance status | AME (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | No | Employer - TM w/o MDCD | -0.255 (-0.27, -0.24) | <.001 |
| MA w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | -0.016 (-0.045, 0.013) | 0.273 | ||
| MA w/o MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | -0.014 (-0.028, 0) | 0.047 | ||
| None - TM w/o MDCD | -0.13 (-0.142, -0.118) | <.001 | ||
| Other - TM w/o MDCD | -0.135 (-0.154, -0.116) | <.001 | ||
| TM w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | 0 (-0.014, 0.014) | 0.985 | ||
| To Center Outside State | Employer - TM w/o MDCD | 0.013 (0.008, 0.018) | <.001 | |
| MA w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | -0.005 (-0.012, 0.003) | 0.216 | ||
| MA w/o MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | -0.007 (-0.011, -0.004) | <.001 | ||
| None - TM w/o MDCD | 0.002 (-0.001, 0.006) | 0.208 | ||
| Other - TM w/o MDCD | 0.007 (0.001, 0.013) | 0.022 | ||
| TM w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | -0.002 (-0.006, 0.003) | 0.443 | ||
| To Center Inside State | Employer - TM w/o MDCD | 0.242 (0.227, 0.257) | <.001 | |
| MA w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | 0.021 (-0.008, 0.049) | 0.15 | ||
| MA w/o MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | 0.021 (0.008, 0.035) | 0.002 | ||
| None - TM w/o MDCD | 0.128 (0.116, 0.139) | <.001 | ||
| Other - TM w/o MDCD | 0.128 (0.11, 0.147) | <.001 | ||
| TM w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | 0.002 (-0.012, 0.016) | 0.801 | ||
| Yes | No | Employer - TM w/o MDCD | -0.282 (-0.306, -0.258) | <.001 |
| MA w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | -0.025 (-0.067, 0.016) | 0.234 | ||
| MA w/o MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | -0.01 (-0.029, 0.009) | 0.283 | ||
| None - TM w/o MDCD | -0.131 (-0.149, -0.114) | <.001 | ||
| Other - TM w/o MDCD | -0.142 (-0.171, -0.114) | <.001 | ||
| TM w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | -0.023 (-0.044, -0.002) | 0.035 | ||
| To Center Outside State | Employer - TM w/o MDCD | 0.06 (0.047, 0.073) | <.001 | |
| MA w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | 0.021 (-0.002, 0.044) | 0.068 | ||
| MA w/o MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | 0.009 (0, 0.019) | 0.043 | ||
| None - TM w/o MDCD | 0.016 (0.008, 0.024) | <.001 | ||
| Other - TM w/o MDCD | 0.024 (0.011, 0.038) | <.001 | ||
| TM w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | 0.009 (-0.001, 0.019) | 0.073 | ||
| To Center Inside State | Employer - TM w/o MDCD | 0.222 (0.199, 0.245) | <.001 | |
| MA w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | 0.004 (-0.033, 0.042) | 0.819 | ||
| MA w/o MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | 0.001 (-0.016, 0.018) | 0.915 | ||
| None - TM w/o MDCD | 0.115 (0.099, 0.132) | <.001 | ||
| Other - TM w/o MDCD | 0.118 (0.091, 0.145) | <.001 | ||
| TM w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | 0.013 (-0.006, 0.033) | 0.172 |
Adjusted Model
AME
avg_comparisons(m_interaction_adjusted
#, variables = c("insurance_medevid_first", "adjacent_to_boundary")
) %>%
mutate(estimate_ci = paste0(round(estimate, 3), " (", round(conf.low, 3), ", ", round(conf.high, 3), ")"),
p.value = ifelse(p.value < .001, "<.001", round(p.value, 3)),
term = map_chr(term, ~ var_label[[.]]),
id = row_number()) %>%
arrange(group, id) %>%
select(group, term, contrast, estimate_ci, p.value) %>%
kbl(booktabs = T,
col.names = c("Outcome", "Characteristics", "Comparison", "AME (95% CI)", "p-value")) %>%
kable_material(c("hover")) %>%
column_spec(1:2, bold = T) %>%
row_spec(row = 0, bold = T) %>%
collapse_rows(columns = 1:2, valign = "top")| Outcome | Characteristics | Comparison | AME (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | ADI National Rank | +1 | 0 (0, 0) | 0.175 |
| Institutionalized | Yes - No | 0.155 (0.14, 0.17) | <.001 | |
| Employment Status | Other - Employed | 0.045 (0.033, 0.058) | <.001 | |
| Ethnicity | Non-Hispanic - Hispanic | -0.067 (-0.083, -0.051) | <.001 | |
| Age at Dialysis Start | +1 | 0.007 (0.007, 0.007) | <.001 | |
| Prior Nephrology Care | Unknown - No | 0.023 (0.012, 0.034) | <.001 | |
| Yes - No | -0.02 (-0.029, -0.011) | <.001 | ||
| Race | AIAN - White | -0.082 (-0.137, -0.027) | 0.003 | |
| Asian - White | -0.036 (-0.065, -0.007) | 0.014 | ||
| Black - White | -0.052 (-0.06, -0.045) | <.001 | ||
| NHPI - White | 0.01 (-0.04, 0.059) | 0.703 | ||
| Other - White | -0.111 (-0.196, -0.026) | 0.01 | ||
| Patient Completing Home Dialysis Training | Unknown - No | 0.02 (-0.065, 0.104) | 0.646 | |
| Yes - No | -0.012 (-0.097, 0.073) | 0.776 | ||
| Located in the county adjacent to state boundary | Yes - No | 0.024 (0.017, 0.032) | <.001 | |
| Number of Comorbidities | +1 | 0.012 (0.01, 0.015) | <.001 | |
| Inability to Ambulate | Yes - No | 0.135 (0.121, 0.15) | <.001 | |
| Insurance type | Employer - TM w/o MDCD | -0.065 (-0.079, -0.051) | <.001 | |
| MA w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | -0.009 (-0.036, 0.017) | 0.487 | ||
| MA w/o MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | -0.02 (-0.033, -0.007) | 0.002 | ||
| None - TM w/o MDCD | 0.019 (0.008, 0.029) | <.001 | ||
| Other - TM w/o MDCD | -0.017 (-0.031, -0.002) | 0.026 | ||
| TM w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | 0.014 (0.001, 0.028) | 0.034 | ||
| Sex | Female - Male | 0.022 (0.015, 0.029) | <.001 | |
| Median Household Income (×$10k) | +1 | -0.007 (-0.009, -0.005) | <.001 | |
| Public transportation to Work (%) | +1 | 0 (-0.001, 0.002) | 0.702 | |
| To Center Outside State | ADI National Rank | +1 | 0 (0, 0) | <.001 |
| Institutionalized | Yes - No | -0.018 (-0.022, -0.013) | <.001 | |
| Employment Status | Other - Employed | -0.004 (-0.008, 0.001) | 0.106 | |
| Ethnicity | Non-Hispanic - Hispanic | 0.012 (0.008, 0.017) | <.001 | |
| Age at Dialysis Start | +1 | -0.001 (-0.001, 0) | <.001 | |
| Prior Nephrology Care | Unknown - No | -0.002 (-0.006, 0.002) | 0.381 | |
| Yes - No | 0.004 (0.001, 0.008) | 0.007 | ||
| Race | AIAN - White | 0.005 (-0.011, 0.021) | 0.54 | |
| Asian - White | -0.014 (-0.021, -0.006) | <.001 | ||
| Black - White | 0.003 (0, 0.006) | 0.042 | ||
| NHPI - White | 0.02 (-0.007, 0.047) | 0.145 | ||
| Other - White | 0.024 (-0.013, 0.061) | 0.21 | ||
| Patient Completing Home Dialysis Training | Unknown - No | 0.015 (0.012, 0.018) | <.001 | |
| Yes - No | 0.019 (0.015, 0.024) | <.001 | ||
| Located in the county adjacent to state boundary | Yes - No | 0.022 (0.019, 0.026) | <.001 | |
| Number of Comorbidities | +1 | -0.003 (-0.004, -0.002) | <.001 | |
| Inability to Ambulate | Yes - No | -0.016 (-0.02, -0.011) | <.001 | |
| Insurance type | Employer - TM w/o MDCD | 0.008 (0.003, 0.014) | 0.002 | |
| MA w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | 0.002 (-0.009, 0.012) | 0.732 | ||
| MA w/o MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | -0.001 (-0.006, 0.004) | 0.612 | ||
| None - TM w/o MDCD | -0.006 (-0.01, -0.002) | 0.002 | ||
| Other - TM w/o MDCD | 0.001 (-0.004, 0.007) | 0.652 | ||
| TM w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | 0 (-0.005, 0.005) | 0.883 | ||
| Sex | Female - Male | -0.002 (-0.004, 0.001) | 0.169 | |
| Median Household Income (×$10k) | +1 | -0.001 (-0.002, 0) | 0.032 | |
| Public transportation to Work (%) | +1 | -0.002 (-0.003, -0.001) | <.001 | |
| To Center Inside State | ADI National Rank | +1 | 0 (0, 0) | 0.002 |
| Institutionalized | Yes - No | -0.137 (-0.152, -0.122) | <.001 | |
| Employment Status | Other - Employed | -0.042 (-0.054, -0.029) | <.001 | |
| Ethnicity | Non-Hispanic - Hispanic | 0.055 (0.039, 0.071) | <.001 | |
| Age at Dialysis Start | +1 | -0.006 (-0.006, -0.006) | <.001 | |
| Prior Nephrology Care | Unknown - No | -0.021 (-0.032, -0.01) | <.001 | |
| Yes - No | 0.016 (0.007, 0.024) | <.001 | ||
| Race | AIAN - White | 0.077 (0.023, 0.132) | 0.006 | |
| Asian - White | 0.05 (0.021, 0.078) | <.001 | ||
| Black - White | 0.049 (0.042, 0.057) | <.001 | ||
| NHPI - White | -0.03 (-0.075, 0.016) | 0.201 | ||
| Other - White | 0.087 (0.005, 0.17) | 0.038 | ||
| Patient Completing Home Dialysis Training | Unknown - No | -0.035 (-0.121, 0.051) | 0.428 | |
| Yes - No | -0.007 (-0.094, 0.08) | 0.876 | ||
| Located in the county adjacent to state boundary | Yes - No | -0.046 (-0.054, -0.039) | <.001 | |
| Number of Comorbidities | +1 | -0.01 (-0.012, -0.007) | <.001 | |
| Inability to Ambulate | Yes - No | -0.12 (-0.134, -0.106) | <.001 | |
| Insurance type | Employer - TM w/o MDCD | 0.056 (0.043, 0.07) | <.001 | |
| MA w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | 0.008 (-0.018, 0.033) | 0.566 | ||
| MA w/o MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | 0.021 (0.009, 0.034) | <.001 | ||
| None - TM w/o MDCD | -0.013 (-0.023, -0.002) | 0.018 | ||
| Other - TM w/o MDCD | 0.015 (0.001, 0.03) | 0.035 | ||
| TM w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | -0.014 (-0.027, -0.001) | 0.034 | ||
| Sex | Female - Male | -0.02 (-0.027, -0.013) | <.001 | |
| Median Household Income (×$10k) | +1 | 0.008 (0.006, 0.01) | <.001 | |
| Public transportation to Work (%) | +1 | 0.002 (0.001, 0.003) | 0.001 |
ggeffect(m_interaction_adjusted,
terms = "insurance_medevid_first") %>%
ggplot(aes(x = x, y = predicted,
color = response.level,
group = response.level)) +
geom_line() +
geom_point() +
geom_errorbar(aes(ymin = conf.low, ymax = conf.high,
color = response.level,
group = response.level),
width = .05) +
scale_color_brewer(palette = "Dark2",
name = "",
labels = c("No",
"Referred to Center Inside State",
"Referred to Center Outside State")
) +
labs(x = "Insurance Status",
y = "Predicted Value",
title = "Adjusted Model") +
ggthemes::theme_wsj() +
theme(legend.position = "bottom",
title = element_text(size = 15),
axis.title = element_text(size = 15, face = "bold"))Insurance at distance status
avg_comparisons(
m_interaction_adjusted,
variables = "insurance_medevid_first",
by = "adjacent_to_boundary"
) %>%
mutate(estimate_ci = paste0(round(estimate, 3), " (", round(conf.low, 3), ", ", round(conf.high, 3), ")"),
p.value = ifelse(p.value < .001, "<.001", round(p.value, 3))) %>%
select(adjacent_to_boundary, group, contrast, estimate_ci, p.value) %>%
kbl(booktabs = T,
col.names = c("Adjacent to state boundary", "Outcome", "Comparison between insurance status", "AME (95% CI)", "p-value")) %>%
kable_material(c("hover")) %>%
column_spec(1:2, bold = T) %>%
row_spec(row = 0, bold = T) %>%
collapse_rows(columns = 1:2, valign = "top")| Adjacent to state boundary | Outcome | Comparison between insurance status | AME (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | No | Employer - TM w/o MDCD | -0.054 (-0.069, -0.038) | <.001 |
| MA w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | -0.009 (-0.041, 0.022) | 0.56 | ||
| MA w/o MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | -0.021 (-0.037, -0.005) | 0.008 | ||
| None - TM w/o MDCD | 0.021 (0.008, 0.033) | 0.001 | ||
| Other - TM w/o MDCD | -0.011 (-0.028, 0.007) | 0.219 | ||
| TM w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | 0.021 (0.005, 0.037) | 0.01 | ||
| To Center Outside State | Employer - TM w/o MDCD | 0.001 (-0.004, 0.006) | 0.672 | |
| MA w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | -0.007 (-0.016, 0.003) | 0.158 | ||
| MA w/o MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | -0.008 (-0.013, -0.004) | <.001 | ||
| None - TM w/o MDCD | -0.006 (-0.01, -0.002) | 0.001 | ||
| Other - TM w/o MDCD | -0.001 (-0.007, 0.005) | 0.707 | ||
| TM w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | -0.004 (-0.009, 0.001) | 0.125 | ||
| To Center Inside State | Employer - TM w/o MDCD | 0.052 (0.037, 0.068) | <.001 | |
| MA w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | 0.016 (-0.015, 0.048) | 0.318 | ||
| MA w/o MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | 0.029 (0.014, 0.045) | <.001 | ||
| None - TM w/o MDCD | -0.015 (-0.027, -0.002) | 0.019 | ||
| Other - TM w/o MDCD | 0.012 (-0.005, 0.029) | 0.169 | ||
| TM w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | -0.017 (-0.032, -0.001) | 0.035 | ||
| Yes | No | Employer - TM w/o MDCD | -0.091 (-0.114, -0.069) | <.001 |
| MA w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | -0.009 (-0.055, 0.037) | 0.704 | ||
| MA w/o MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | -0.018 (-0.04, 0.005) | 0.121 | ||
| None - TM w/o MDCD | 0.014 (-0.003, 0.03) | 0.112 | ||
| Other - TM w/o MDCD | -0.03 (-0.056, -0.004) | 0.022 | ||
| TM w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | -0.001 (-0.024, 0.023) | 0.953 | ||
| To Center Outside State | Employer - TM w/o MDCD | 0.026 (0.014, 0.037) | <.001 | |
| MA w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | 0.021 (-0.005, 0.048) | 0.117 | ||
| MA w/o MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | 0.015 (0.003, 0.028) | 0.013 | ||
| None - TM w/o MDCD | -0.006 (-0.013, 0.002) | 0.155 | ||
| Other - TM w/o MDCD | 0.007 (-0.006, 0.019) | 0.286 | ||
| TM w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | 0.008 (-0.004, 0.02) | 0.193 | ||
| To Center Inside State | Employer - TM w/o MDCD | 0.066 (0.045, 0.087) | <.001 | |
| MA w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | -0.013 (-0.055, 0.03) | 0.568 | ||
| MA w/o MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | 0.002 (-0.019, 0.023) | 0.849 | ||
| None - TM w/o MDCD | -0.008 (-0.024, 0.008) | 0.327 | ||
| Other - TM w/o MDCD | 0.023 (-0.001, 0.048) | 0.06 | ||
| TM w/ MDCD - TM w/o MDCD | -0.007 (-0.029, 0.015) | 0.52 |