Table 1

BWH
(N=169)
MGH
(N=223)
Overall
(N=392)
Gender
Female 78 (46.2%) 85 (38.1%) 163 (41.6%)
Male 91 (53.8%) 138 (61.9%) 229 (58.4%)
Age
Mean (SD) 68.6 (13.3) 71.3 (11.7) 70.1 (12.4)
Median [Q1,Q3] 70.0 [60.0,78.0] 72.0 [64.5,80.0] 71.0 [62.0,79.0]
Race_Group
White 87 (51.5%) 147 (65.9%) 234 (59.7%)
Black 46 (27.2%) 36 (16.1%) 82 (20.9%)
Others 36 (21.3%) 40 (17.9%) 76 (19.4%)
LOS
Mean (SD) 9.87 (10.5) 8.22 (8.19) 8.93 (9.30)
Median [Q1,Q3] 6.00 [3.00,11.0] 6.00 [3.00,10.5] 6.00 [3.00,11.0]
DM
N 44 (26.0%) 54 (24.2%) 98 (25.0%)
Y 125 (74.0%) 169 (75.8%) 294 (75.0%)
CAD
N 15 (8.9%) 20 (9.0%) 35 (8.9%)
Y 154 (91.1%) 203 (91.0%) 357 (91.1%)
Hgb
Mean (SD) 9.96 (1.54) 10.1 (1.64) 10.0 (1.60)
Median [Q1,Q3] 9.80 [9.10,10.8] 10.0 [9.00,11.1] 9.90 [9.00,11.0]
HCT_admit
Mean (SD) 31.4 (4.92) 31.6 (5.31) 31.5 (5.14)
Median [Q1,Q3] 31.3 [28.2,34.8] 31.3 [28.1,34.9] 31.3 [28.1,34.9]
HCT_discharge
Mean (SD) 29.2 (3.93) 30.3 (4.32) 29.8 (4.19)
Median [Q1,Q3] 28.8 [26.4,31.9] 30.2 [27.5,32.8] 29.6 [26.8,32.3]
Iron
Mean (SD) 58.1 (32.1) 51.9 (31.7) 54.4 (32.0)
Median [Q1,Q3] 50.5 [38.0,70.5] 44.0 [31.0,62.0] 47.0 [33.0,65.0]
Missing 49 (29.0%) 46 (20.6%) 95 (24.2%)
Ferritin
Mean (SD) 905 (752) 1140 (3560) 1050 (2800)
Median [Q1,Q3] 747 [288,1350] 728 [272,1170] 731 [284,1260]
Missing 55 (32.5%) 50 (22.4%) 105 (26.8%)
TIBC
Mean (SD) 196 (48.8) 201 (64.5) 199 (58.7)
Median [Q1,Q3] 191 [162,225] 194 [162,234] 193 [162,230]
Missing 56 (33.1%) 52 (23.3%) 108 (27.6%)
NT_proBNP
Mean (SD) 41300 (32300) 45100 (51400) 43500 (44500)
Median [Q1,Q3] 33600 [14400,70000] 30600 [13900,53000] 31600 [14100,60300]
Missing 24 (14.2%) 15 (6.7%) 39 (9.9%)
UF_rate
Mean (SD) 9.40 (5.66) 9.28 (4.05) 9.34 (4.80)
Median [Q1,Q3] 8.36 [5.61,11.9] 9.13 [6.10,12.1] 8.96 [5.86,12.0]
EDW
Mean (SD) 76.3 (22.8) 77.5 (21.5) 77.0 (22.1)
Median [Q1,Q3] 74.0 [59.0,89.0] 71.8 [64.5,93.3] 73.0 [61.9,90.1]
admit_Weight
Mean (SD) 79.9 (23.3) 81.5 (22.2) 80.8 (22.7)
Median [Q1,Q3] 77.2 [63.4,90.9] 75.8 [67.8,96.8] 76.5 [65.3,94.0]
Missing 1 (0.6%) 0 (0%) 1 (0.3%)
HF_score_Total
Mean (SD) 42.8 (8.18) 41.0 (7.85) 41.7 (8.03)
Median [Q1,Q3] 43.0 [38.0,48.0] 41.0 [35.5,45.5] 42.0 [36.0,47.0]
Dialysis_Vintage
Mean (SD) 2.88 (3.94) 2.86 (3.04) 2.87 (3.45)
Median [Q1,Q3] 2.00 [1.00,3.00] 2.00 [1.00,3.00] 2.00 [1.00,3.00]
Access_type
AVF 115 (68.0%) 120 (53.8%) 235 (59.9%)
AVG 9 (5.3%) 26 (11.7%) 35 (8.9%)
TDC 45 (26.6%) 77 (34.5%) 122 (31.1%)
n_90
Mean (SD) 0.811 (0.982) 0.507 (0.747) 0.638 (0.868)
Median [Q1,Q3] 1.00 [0,1.00] 0 [0,1.00] 0 [0,1.00]
n_180
Mean (SD) 1.33 (1.53) 0.780 (1.04) 1.02 (1.30)
Median [Q1,Q3] 1.00 [0,2.00] 1.00 [0,1.00] 1.00 [0,1.00]
decongestion_time_days
Mean (SD) 6.00 (6.42) 4.62 (3.85) 5.22 (5.16)
Median [Q1,Q3] 4.00 [2.00,7.00] 4.00 [2.00,6.00] 4.00 [2.00,6.00]

Balance check before

##  cobalt (Version 4.5.5, Build Date: 2024-04-02)
## Note: `s.d.denom` not specified; assuming "pooled".
## Balance Measures
##                      Type  M.0.Un SD.0.Un  M.1.Un SD.1.Un Diff.Un
## Race_Group_White   Binary  0.5148       .  0.6592       .  0.1444
## Race_Group_Black   Binary  0.2722       .  0.1614       . -0.1108
## Race_Group_Others  Binary  0.2130       .  0.1794       . -0.0336
## Gender_Male        Binary  0.5385       .  0.6188       .  0.0804
## CAD_Y              Binary  0.9112       .  0.9103       . -0.0009
## DM_Y               Binary  0.7396       .  0.7578       .  0.0182
## HF_score_Total    Contin. 42.7870  8.1782 40.9596  7.8461 -0.2280
## Dialysis_Vintage  Contin.  2.8817  3.9428  2.8565  3.0398 -0.0071
## Access_type_AVF    Binary  0.6805       .  0.5381       . -0.1424
## Access_type_AVG    Binary  0.0533       .  0.1166       .  0.0633
## Access_type_TDC    Binary  0.2663       .  0.3453       .  0.0790
## Location_HH        Binary  0.2426       .  0.1256       . -0.1170
## 
## Sample sizes
##     Control Treated
## All     169     223

Balance check after

## Note: `s.d.denom` not specified; assuming "pooled".
## Balance Measures
##                      Type M.0.Adj SD.0.Adj M.1.Adj SD.1.Adj Diff.Adj
## Race_Group_White   Binary  0.5722        .  0.5930        .   0.0208
## Race_Group_Black   Binary  0.2373        .  0.2212        .  -0.0161
## Race_Group_Others  Binary  0.1905        .  0.1858        .  -0.0047
## Gender_Male        Binary  0.5841        .  0.5811        .  -0.0030
## CAD_Y              Binary  0.9205        .  0.9146        .  -0.0059
## DM_Y               Binary  0.7469        .  0.7646        .   0.0177
## HF_score_Total    Contin. 42.0788   7.9961 42.1994   8.4886   0.0151
## Dialysis_Vintage  Contin.  2.9991   4.5886  2.8216   3.1285  -0.0504
## Access_type_AVF    Binary  0.6204        .  0.5908        .  -0.0296
## Access_type_AVG    Binary  0.0688        .  0.0894        .   0.0206
## Access_type_TDC    Binary  0.3108        .  0.3198        .   0.0091
## Location_HH        Binary  0.1857        .  0.1758        .  -0.0099
## 
## Effective sample sizes
##            Control Treated
## Unadjusted  169.    223.  
## Adjusted    145.85  186.46

Univariate linear regression outcome los

outcome los
Characteristic N Beta 95% CI1 p-value
group 765


    BWH

    MGH
-1.3 -3.2, 0.54 0.165
Gender 765


    Female

    Male
1.5 -0.38, 3.4 0.119
Race_Group 765


    White

    Black
-2.9 -5.1, -0.59 0.014
    Others
-1.5 -3.9, 0.95 0.234
DM 765


    N

    Y
0.12 -2.0, 2.3 0.912
Dialysis_Vintage 765 0.00 -0.24, 0.24 0.994
HF_score_Total 765 0.27 0.16, 0.38 <0.001
weight.ATE 765 -0.13 -0.87, 0.61 0.725
1 CI = Confidence Interval

Univariate linear regression outcome log_los

outcome log_los
Characteristic N Beta 95% CI1 p-value
group 765


    BWH

    MGH
-7.99 -22.94, 9.85 0.357
Gender 765


    Female

    Male
10.14 -7.96, 31.80 0.292
Race_Group 765


    White

    Black
-25.88 -40.33, -7.93 0.007
    Others
-14.41 -32.21, 8.06 0.192
DM 765


    N

    Y
15.42 -6.07, 41.81 0.173
Dialysis_Vintage 765 0.03 -2.22, 2.33 0.982
HF_score_Total 765 2.36 1.29, 3.44 <0.001
weight.ATE 765 0.76 -6.13, 8.16 0.833
1 CI = Confidence Interval

Multivariate linear regression los: gender race

outcome los
Characteristic N Beta 95% CI1 p-value
group



    BWH 372
    MGH 392 -1.4 -3.2, 0.48 0.148
Gender



    Female 319
    Male 445 1.2 -0.69, 3.1 0.213
Race_Group



    White 446
    Black 175 -2.7 -5.0, -0.47 0.018
    Others 143 -1.2 -3.7, 1.3 0.335
1 CI = Confidence Interval

Multivariate linear regression log_los : gender race

outcome log_los
Characteristic N Beta 95% CI1 p-value
group



    BWH 372
    MGH 392 -8.47 -23.25, 9.15 0.325
Gender



    Female 319
    Male 445 6.69 -11.03, 27.95 0.485
Race_Group



    White 446
    Black 175 -25.47 -40.08, -7.30 0.009
    Others 143 -13.20 -31.54, 10.04 0.243
1 CI = Confidence Interval

Multivariate linear regression los : group+Gender+Race_Group+DM+Dialysis_Vintage+HF_score_Total

outcome los
Characteristic N Beta 95% CI1 p-value
group



    BWH 372
    MGH 392 -1.4 -3.2, 0.43 0.137
Gender



    Female 319
    Male 445 1.0 -0.82, 2.9 0.275
Race_Group



    White 446
    Black 175 -2.1 -4.3, 0.16 0.070
    Others 143 -1.2 -3.6, 1.2 0.328
DM



    N 186
    Y 578 0.25 -1.9, 2.4 0.821
Dialysis_Vintage 765 0.11 -0.13, 0.35 0.374
HF_score_Total 765 0.26 0.15, 0.38 <0.001
1 CI = Confidence Interval

Multivariate linear regression log_los : group+Gender+Race_Group+DM+Dialysis_Vintage+HF_score_Total

outcome log_los
Characteristic N Beta 95% CI1 p-value
group



    BWH 372
    MGH 392 -0.09 -0.26, 0.08 0.300
Gender



    Female 319
    Male 445 0.04 -0.14, 0.22 0.638
Race_Group



    White 446
    Black 175 -0.25 -0.47, -0.03 0.024
    Others 143 -0.15 -0.38, 0.08 0.212
DM



    N 186
    Y 578 0.17 -0.04, 0.37 0.111
Dialysis_Vintage 765 0.01 -0.01, 0.04 0.278
HF_score_Total 765 0.02 0.01, 0.03 <0.001
1 CI = Confidence Interval

n_90 zero-inflated regression group

## ℹ <zeroinfl> model detected.
## ✔ `tidy_zeroinfl()` used instead.
## ℹ Add `tidy_fun = broom.helpers::tidy_zeroinfl` to quiet these messages.
Count Model Results (Incidence Rate Ratios)
Characteristic N exp(Beta) 95% CI1 p-value
group 765

0.058
    BWH

    MGH
0.59 0.47, 0.75
1 CI = Confidence Interval

n_90 zero-inflated regression group Gender Race_Group

## ℹ <zeroinfl> model detected.
## ✔ `tidy_zeroinfl()` used instead.
## ℹ Add `tidy_fun = broom.helpers::tidy_zeroinfl` to quiet these messages.
Count Model Results (Incidence Rate Ratios)
Characteristic N exp(Beta) 95% CI1 p-value
group 765

0.009
    BWH

    MGH
0.52 0.43, 0.64
Gender 765

<0.001
    Female

    Male
1.30 1.06, 1.60
Race_Group 765

0.031
    White

    Black
1.13 0.89, 1.43
    Others
1.09 0.84, 1.40
1 CI = Confidence Interval

n_90 zero-inflated regression: group+Gender+Race_Group+DM+Dialysis_Vintage+HF_score_Total

## ℹ <zeroinfl> model detected.
## ✔ `tidy_zeroinfl()` used instead.
## ℹ Add `tidy_fun = broom.helpers::tidy_zeroinfl` to quiet these messages.
Count Model Results (Incidence Rate Ratios)
Characteristic N exp(Beta) 95% CI1 p-value
group 765

0.4
    BWH

    MGH
0.67 0.55, 0.80
Gender 765

<0.001
    Female

    Male
1.06 0.88, 1.28
Race_Group 765

0.14
    White

    Black
1.24 1.00, 1.54
    Others
1.15 0.91, 1.46
DM 765

0.2
    N

    Y
0.86 0.70, 1.05
Dialysis_Vintage 765 0.99 0.95, 1.03 0.15
HF_score_Total 765 0.99 0.98, 1.00 0.6
1 CI = Confidence Interval

n_180 zero-inflated regression group

## ℹ <zeroinfl> model detected.
## ✔ `tidy_zeroinfl()` used instead.
## ℹ Add `tidy_fun = broom.helpers::tidy_zeroinfl` to quiet these messages.
Count Model Results (Incidence Rate Ratios)
Characteristic N exp(Beta) 95% CI1 p-value
group 765

<0.001
    BWH

    MGH
0.55 0.44, 0.68
1 CI = Confidence Interval

n_180 zero-inflated regression group Gender Race_Group

## ℹ <zeroinfl> model detected.
## ✔ `tidy_zeroinfl()` used instead.
## ℹ Add `tidy_fun = broom.helpers::tidy_zeroinfl` to quiet these messages.
Count Model Results (Incidence Rate Ratios)
Characteristic N exp(Beta) 95% CI1 p-value
group 765

<0.001
    BWH

    MGH
0.52 0.42, 0.64
Gender 765

<0.001
    Female

    Male
1.12 0.94, 1.34
Race_Group 765

0.4
    White

    Black
1.06 0.85, 1.32
    Others
1.36 1.09, 1.71
1 CI = Confidence Interval

n_180 zero-inflated regression: group+Gender+Race_Group+DM+Dialysis_Vintage+HF_score_Total

## ℹ <zeroinfl> model detected.
## ✔ `tidy_zeroinfl()` used instead.
## ℹ Add `tidy_fun = broom.helpers::tidy_zeroinfl` to quiet these messages.
Count Model Results (Incidence Rate Ratios)
Characteristic N exp(Beta) 95% CI1 p-value
group 765

<0.001
    BWH

    MGH
0.59 0.49, 0.70
Gender 765

<0.001
    Female

    Male
0.98 0.81, 1.18
Race_Group 765

0.3
    White

    Black
0.85 0.70, 1.05
    Others
1.36 1.09, 1.69
DM 765

0.006
    N

    Y
0.84 0.69, 1.01
Dialysis_Vintage 765 0.98 0.93, 1.03 0.066
HF_score_Total 765 0.97 0.96, 0.98 0.4
1 CI = Confidence Interval

Univariate coxph decongestion_time_days

Characteristic N HR1 95% CI1 p-value
group 765


    BWH

    MGH
1.33 1.08, 1.64 0.007
Gender 765


    Female

    Male
0.78 0.64, 0.96 0.017
Race_Group 765


    White

    Black
1.40 1.04, 1.86 0.024
    Others
1.28 1.01, 1.63 0.042
DM 765


    N

    Y
1.15 0.88, 1.49 0.303
Dialysis_Vintage 765 0.99 0.97, 1.02 0.509
HF_score_Total 765 0.99 0.98, 1.00 0.161
weight.ATE 765 1.08 0.96, 1.21 0.183
1 HR = Hazard Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval

coxph decongestion_time_days :gender race

Characteristic HR1 95% CI1 p-value
group


    BWH
    MGH 1.34 1.09, 1.65 0.005
Gender


    Female
    Male 0.80 0.65, 0.98 0.032
Race_Group


    White
    Black 1.39 1.05, 1.83 0.019
    Others 1.20 0.93, 1.54 0.154
1 HR = Hazard Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval

coxph decongestion_time_days :group+Gender+Race_Group+DM+Dialysis_Vintage+HF_score_Total

Characteristic HR1 95% CI1 p-value
group


    BWH
    MGH 1.33 1.07, 1.64 0.009
Gender


    Female
    Male 0.81 0.66, 1.00 0.046
Race_Group


    White
    Black 1.31 0.98, 1.74 0.066
    Others 1.16 0.90, 1.50 0.250
HTN


    N
    Y 1.29 0.68, 2.43 0.436
DM


    N
    Y 1.11 0.86, 1.44 0.422
CAD


    N
    Y 0.84 0.57, 1.25 0.393
Dialysis_Vintage 0.99 0.97, 1.02 0.550
HF_score_Total 1.0 0.98, 1.01 0.414
1 HR = Hazard Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval

Competing risk Univariate cause specific 1st_readmission_180

Characteristic N HR1 95% CI1 p-value
group 765


    BWH

    MGH
0.66 0.50, 0.89 0.006
Gender 765


    Female

    Male
1.04 0.78, 1.39 0.778
Race_Group 765


    White

    Black
1.06 0.72, 1.56 0.760
    Others
1.19 0.84, 1.69 0.336
DM 765


    N

    Y
0.98 0.71, 1.36 0.913
Dialysis_Vintage 765 0.94 0.90, 0.98 0.006
HF_score_Total 765 1.00 0.98, 1.02 0.986
weight.ATE 765 0.98 0.82, 1.18 0.847
1 HR = Hazard Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval

Competing risk Multivariate cause specific 1st_readmission_180: group+Gender+Race_Group

Characteristic HR1 95% CI1 p-value
group


    BWH
    MGH 0.67 0.50, 0.89 0.006
Gender


    Female
    Male 1.05 0.79, 1.41 0.723
Race_Group


    White
    Black 1.08 0.74, 1.56 0.699
    Others 1.20 0.83, 1.72 0.330
1 HR = Hazard Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval

Competing risk Multivariate cause specific 1st_readmission_180: group+Gender+Race_Group+DM+Dialysis_Vintage+HF_score_Total

Characteristic HR1 95% CI1 p-value
group


    BWH
    MGH 0.67 0.50, 0.89 0.006
Gender


    Female
    Male 1.04 0.77, 1.40 0.796
Race_Group


    White
    Black 1.09 0.75, 1.58 0.657
    Others 1.20 0.84, 1.72 0.321
DM


    N
    Y 0.89 0.64, 1.24 0.495
Dialysis_Vintage 0.94 0.89, 0.98 0.005
HF_score_Total 1.00 0.98, 1.01 0.631
1 HR = Hazard Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval

Univariate coxph time_1st_readmission_180

Characteristic N HR1 95% CI1 p-value
group 765


    BWH

    MGH
0.65 0.49, 0.87 0.003
Gender 765


    Female

    Male
1.01 0.76, 1.34 0.966
Race_Group 765


    White

    Black
1.09 0.75, 1.60 0.642
    Others
1.18 0.83, 1.67 0.362
DM 765


    N

    Y
0.91 0.66, 1.25 0.542
Dialysis_Vintage 765 0.94 0.90, 0.98 0.008
HF_score_Total 765 1.00 0.98, 1.02 0.755
weight.ATE 765 1.00 0.84, 1.20 0.994
1 HR = Hazard Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval

coxph time_1st_readmission_180: age gender race

Characteristic HR1 95% CI1 p-value
group


    BWH
    MGH 0.65 0.49, 0.87 0.003
Age 1.00 0.99, 1.01 0.998
Gender


    Female
    Male 1.02 0.76, 1.36 0.916
Race_Group


    White
    Black 1.10 0.76, 1.59 0.610
    Others 1.18 0.82, 1.70 0.360
1 HR = Hazard Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval

coxph time_1st_readmission_180: group+Gender+Race_Group+DM+Dialysis_Vintage+HF_score_Total

Characteristic HR1 95% CI1 p-value
group


    BWH
    MGH 0.65 0.49, 0.86 0.003
Gender


    Female
    Male 1.01 0.75, 1.37 0.922
Race_Group


    White
    Black 1.11 0.77, 1.60 0.575
    Others 1.19 0.83, 1.70 0.347
DM


    N
    Y 0.83 0.61, 1.14 0.258
Dialysis_Vintage 0.93 0.89, 0.98 0.004
HF_score_Total 0.99 0.97, 1.01 0.435
1 HR = Hazard Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval

Univariate coxph decongestion_time_days

Characteristic N HR1 95% CI1 p-value
group 765


    BWH

    MGH
1.33 1.08, 1.64 0.007
Gender 765


    Female

    Male
0.78 0.64, 0.96 0.017
Race_Group 765


    White

    Black
1.40 1.04, 1.86 0.024
    Others
1.28 1.01, 1.63 0.042
DM 765


    N

    Y
1.15 0.88, 1.49 0.303
Dialysis_Vintage 765 0.99 0.97, 1.02 0.509
HF_score_Total 765 0.99 0.98, 1.00 0.161
weight.ATE 765 1.08 0.96, 1.21 0.183
1 HR = Hazard Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval

coxph decongestion_time_days: age gender race

Characteristic HR1 95% CI1 p-value
group


    BWH
    MGH 1.34 1.09, 1.65 0.006
Age 1.00 1.0, 1.01 0.475
Gender


    Female
    Male 0.80 0.65, 0.99 0.039
Race_Group


    White
    Black 1.43 1.07, 1.90 0.014
    Others 1.22 0.94, 1.57 0.129
1 HR = Hazard Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval

coxph decongestion_time_days: group+Gender+Race_Group+DM+Dialysis_Vintage+HF_score_Total

Characteristic HR1 95% CI1 p-value
group


    BWH
    MGH 1.33 1.08, 1.64 0.008
Gender


    Female
    Male 0.81 0.65, 0.99 0.041
Race_Group


    White
    Black 1.34 1.01, 1.78 0.046
    Others 1.18 0.91, 1.52 0.209
DM


    N
    Y 1.11 0.86, 1.44 0.418
Dialysis_Vintage 0.99 0.97, 1.02 0.603
HF_score_Total 0.99 0.98, 1.01 0.369
1 HR = Hazard Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval