| Gender |
|
|
|
0.092 |
-0.415, 0.598 |
0.703 |
| 0 |
8 (11.6%) |
3 (13.6%) |
5 (10.6%) |
|
|
|
| 1 |
61 (88.4%) |
19 (86.4%) |
42 (89.4%) |
|
|
|
| Age (years) |
71.0 (62.0, 76.0) |
71.5 (61.2, 74.0) |
71.0 (62.0, 78.0) |
-0.138 |
-0.645, 0.369 |
0.553 |
| BMI |
28.3 (25.2, 31.0) |
27.9 (24.1, 30.6) |
28.6 (25.2, 31.6) |
-0.113 |
-0.620, 0.394 |
0.554 |
| Smoking |
|
|
|
0.544 |
0.028, 1.061 |
0.065 |
| 1 |
27 (39.7%) |
5 (22.7%) |
22 (47.8%) |
|
|
|
| 2 |
41 (60.3%) |
17 (77.3%) |
24 (52.2%) |
|
|
|
| Pack years |
8.0 (0.0, 30.0) |
17.0 (2.2, 30.0) |
5.0 (0.0, 30.0) |
0.078 |
-0.447, 0.603 |
0.397 |
| Type of diabetes |
|
|
|
0.562 |
0.047, 1.077 |
0.030 |
| 1 |
7 (10.1%) |
5 (22.7%) |
2 (4.3%) |
|
|
|
| 2 |
62 (89.9%) |
17 (77.3%) |
45 (95.7%) |
|
|
|
| Insulin use |
|
|
|
0.021 |
-0.485, 0.528 |
1.000 |
| 0 |
35 (50.7%) |
11 (50.0%) |
24 (51.1%) |
|
|
|
| 1 |
34 (49.3%) |
11 (50.0%) |
23 (48.9%) |
|
|
|
| Duration of diabetes (years) |
16.0 (9.0, 22.0) |
18.5 (12.2, 25.0) |
16.0 (7.5, 19.5) |
0.465 |
-0.047, 0.977 |
0.083 |
| HbA1c |
62.0 (53.0, 81.0) |
66.0 (53.0, 81.0) |
61.0 (54.0, 79.5) |
-0.007 |
-0.522, 0.507 |
0.796 |
| Polyneuropathy |
|
|
|
0.014 |
-0.492, 0.520 |
1.000 |
| 0 |
3 (4.3%) |
1 (4.5%) |
2 (4.3%) |
|
|
|
| 1 |
66 (95.7%) |
21 (95.5%) |
45 (95.7%) |
|
|
|
| Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) |
|
|
|
0.267 |
-0.241, 0.775 |
0.431 |
| No CKD (eGFR >60) |
41 (59.4%) |
15 (68.2%) |
26 (55.3%) |
|
|
|
| Mild/Moderate CKD (eGFR 30-59) |
28 (40.6%) |
7 (31.8%) |
21 (44.7%) |
|
|
|
| Heart Failure |
29 (42.0%) |
10 (45.5%) |
19 (40.4%) |
0.102 |
-0.405, 0.608 |
0.795 |
| Deformity of affected foot |
|
|
|
0.382 |
-0.128, 0.893 |
0.652 |
| 1 |
28 (40.6%) |
11 (50.0%) |
17 (36.2%) |
|
|
|
| 2 |
22 (31.9%) |
7 (31.8%) |
15 (31.9%) |
|
|
|
| 3 |
12 (17.4%) |
3 (13.6%) |
9 (19.1%) |
|
|
|
| 4 |
7 (10.1%) |
1 (4.5%) |
6 (12.8%) |
|
|
|
| Presence of Deformity |
|
|
|
0.282 |
-0.226, 0.791 |
0.304 |
| Absent |
28 (40.6%) |
11 (50.0%) |
17 (36.2%) |
|
|
|
| Present |
41 (59.4%) |
11 (50.0%) |
30 (63.8%) |
|
|
|
| Contralateral amputation |
|
|
|
0.092 |
-0.415, 0.598 |
0.703 |
| 0 |
61 (88.4%) |
19 (86.4%) |
42 (89.4%) |
|
|
|
| 1 |
8 (11.6%) |
3 (13.6%) |
5 (10.6%) |
|
|
|
| Silfverskiold positive |
|
|
|
0.555 |
-0.558, 1.667 |
0.580 |
| Isolated gastrocnemius contracture |
6 (42.9%) |
3 (60.0%) |
3 (33.3%) |
|
|
|
| Gastrocnemius/Soleus contracture |
8 (57.1%) |
2 (40.0%) |
6 (66.7%) |
|
|
|
| Peripheral Artery Disease |
19 (28.4%) |
4 (19.0%) |
15 (32.6%) |
0.314 |
-0.205, 0.833 |
0.382 |
| History of revascularisation |
|
|
|
0.413 |
-0.098, 0.924 |
0.166 |
| 0 |
48 (69.6%) |
18 (81.8%) |
30 (63.8%) |
|
|
|
| 1 |
21 (30.4%) |
4 (18.2%) |
17 (36.2%) |
|
|
|
| Number of ulcers on affected foot |
|
|
|
0.529 |
0.013, 1.045 |
0.046 |
| 1 ulcer |
56 (82.4%) |
15 (68.2%) |
41 (89.1%) |
|
|
|
| 2 or more ulcers |
12 (17.6%) |
7 (31.8%) |
5 (10.9%) |
|
|
|
| Index ulcer primary or recurrence |
|
|
|
0.025 |
-0.481, 0.531 |
1.000 |
| 1 |
56 (81.2%) |
18 (81.8%) |
38 (80.9%) |
|
|
|
| 2 |
13 (18.8%) |
4 (18.2%) |
9 (19.1%) |
|
|
|
| aspect_plantar_vs_rest |
|
|
|
0.586 |
0.070, 1.102 |
0.050 |
| Non-plantar |
48 (69.6%) |
19 (86.4%) |
29 (61.7%) |
|
|
|
| Plantar |
21 (30.4%) |
3 (13.6%) |
18 (38.3%) |
|
|
|
| Index ulcer depth grade |
|
|
|
0.311 |
-0.198, 0.820 |
0.456 |
| Grade 2 |
1 (1.4%) |
1 (4.5%) |
0 (0.0%) |
|
|
|
| Grade 3 |
7 (10.1%) |
2 (9.1%) |
5 (10.6%) |
|
|
|
| Grade 4 |
61 (88.4%) |
19 (86.4%) |
42 (89.4%) |
|
|
|
| Probe-to-bone test |
|
|
|
0.092 |
-0.415, 0.598 |
0.703 |
| 1 |
8 (11.6%) |
3 (13.6%) |
5 (10.6%) |
|
|
|
| 2 |
61 (88.4%) |
19 (86.4%) |
42 (89.4%) |
|
|
|
| Surface area of index ulcer |
0.8 (0.5, 1.7) |
0.8 (0.4, 1.1) |
0.9 (0.5, 2.0) |
-0.419 |
-0.931, 0.094 |
0.193 |
| Duration of index ulcer (days) |
97.0 (40.0, 211.0) |
74.5 (31.2, 108.8) |
140.0 (49.0, 271.0) |
-0.722 |
-1.242, -0.201 |
0.036 |
| Pre-operative bone biopsy |
|
|
|
0.099 |
-0.408, 0.605 |
0.960 |
| Not performed |
48 (69.6%) |
15 (68.2%) |
33 (70.2%) |
|
|
|
| Performed, but no growth |
3 (4.3%) |
1 (4.5%) |
2 (4.3%) |
|
|
|
| Monomicrobial growth |
7 (10.1%) |
2 (9.1%) |
5 (10.6%) |
|
|
|
| Polymicrobial growth |
11 (15.9%) |
4 (18.2%) |
7 (14.9%) |
|
|
|
| inflammatory_signs_bin |
|
|
|
0.209 |
-0.299, 0.716 |
1.000 |
| 0 |
1 (1.4%) |
0 (0.0%) |
1 (2.1%) |
|
|
|
| 1 |
68 (98.6%) |
22 (100.0%) |
46 (97.9%) |
|
|
|
| dfo_location_group |
|
|
|
0.545 |
0.030, 1.059 |
0.430 |
| MTP joint |
31 (44.9%) |
8 (36.4%) |
23 (48.9%) |
|
|
|
| Phalanges |
27 (39.1%) |
12 (54.5%) |
15 (31.9%) |
|
|
|
| MTP joint, Metatarsals |
3 (4.3%) |
1 (4.5%) |
2 (4.3%) |
|
|
|
| Phalanges, MTP joint, Metatarsals |
1 (1.4%) |
0 (0.0%) |
1 (2.1%) |
|
|
|
| Metatarsals |
7 (10.1%) |
1 (4.5%) |
6 (12.8%) |
|
|
|