1. Cholera vs Sanitation (Top 3 Countries)

***

This chart highlights the three countries most affected by cholera since 2019, revealing a connection between high cholera rates and low sanitation coverage, poor access to clean water, and inadequate infrastructure. Despite available solutions, these nations continue to suffer from waterborne diseases due to ongoing deficiencies in basic services. The graph emphasizes the urgent need for global investment in water policy and health infrastructure to break this cycle and prevent further loss of life. Addressing these issues is important to improve public health and reduce preventable deaths from cholera.

2. Infant Mortality Trend

***

This line graph displays the average infant mortality rate from 2019 to 2024 in the top three countries with the highest cholera cases since 2019: Bangladesh, China, and Ethiopia. The data aggregates the infant mortality rate by averaging it for each country per year, providing a clearer trend. The graph reveals distinct differences in mortality patterns across the three countries. China consistently has higher infant mortality rates, though a decline is observed in recent years. Bangladesh shows gradual mortality but improvement over time. In contrast, Ethiopia maintains relatively lower rates throughout, suggesting stronger healthcare infrastructure or interventions. This visualization highlights the persistent public health challenges in cholera-affected countries, particularly in regions where access to clean water and healthcare remains limited.

3. Cholera by Water Treatment

***

This bar chart compares the average cholera cases by water treatment method (Boiling, Filtration, and Chlorination) after 2019 in China, India and USA. These countries consistently experience high cholera rates, but the effectiveness of different treatment methods varies. Filtration is associated with the lowest cholera rates overall, while Boiling tends to correlate with slightly higher rates. This suggests that, although boiling is widely practiced, it may be less effective in regions with inadequate sanitation or clean water access.

4. Cholera by Water Source Type

***

This bar chart shows the percentage of total cholera cases attributed to different water treatment methods (Boiling, Filtration, and Chlorination) after 2019: in China, India and USA. By calculating the percentage of cholera cases for each treatment method within each country, the chart offers a clearer comparison of how each method contributes to the overall cholera burden. Boiling is found to account for the largest proportion of cases in these countries, suggesting that, while it is widely used, it may be less effective in preventing cholera due to poor sanitation or recontamination. In contrast, Filtration and Chlorination contribute to a lower percentage of cases, implying they may offer better protection against the disease.

5. Typhoid by Region

***

This boxplot displays the distribution of typhoid cases across high-burden regions from 2019, focusing on regions with a median rate above 50 cases per 100,000 people. Each subplot represents a country, allowing for a targeted comparison of regions with significant disease burden. The variation in case distributions within and between countries highlights both concentrated hotspots in some nations and broader regional impacts in others. This visualization highlights differences in typhoid cases between regions and helps improve public health strategies by showing national trends and pinpointing areas with the highest disease burden that need targeted action.

6. Distribution of Cholera Cases

***

This bar chart shows the percentage of cholera cases per 100,000 people by water source type, focusing on years after 2019. The plot groups the data by year and water source type to highlight trends in cholera rates. Each year is displayed as a separate facet, with the y-axis scaled independently for clearer comparison. This visualization emphasizes the relationship between different water sources and cholera rates, providing insights into how water quality influences disease spread.

---
title: "Water Pollution"
output: 
  flexdashboard::flex_dashboard:
    storyboard: true
    social: menu
    source: embed
---

```{r setup, include=FALSE}
library(knitr)
knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = FALSE)
```

---


### 1. Cholera vs Sanitation (Top 3 Countries)
```{r}
knitr::include_graphics("Screenshot 2025-04-08 at 5.17.11 PM.png")
```
***
<div style="margin-top: 10px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6;"> This chart highlights the three countries most affected by cholera since 2019, revealing a connection between high cholera rates and low sanitation coverage, poor access to clean water, and inadequate infrastructure. Despite available solutions, these nations continue to suffer from waterborne diseases due to ongoing deficiencies in basic services. The graph emphasizes the urgent need for global investment in water policy and health infrastructure to break this cycle and prevent further loss of life. Addressing these issues is important to improve public health and reduce preventable deaths from cholera.
</div>

### 2. Infant Mortality Trend
```{r}
knitr::include_graphics("Screenshot 2025-04-08 at 6.31.41 PM.png")
```
***
<div style="margin-top: 10px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6;"> This line graph displays the average infant mortality rate from 2019 to 2024 in the top three countries with the highest cholera cases since 2019: Bangladesh, China, and Ethiopia. The data aggregates the infant mortality rate by averaging it for each country per year, providing a clearer trend. The graph reveals distinct differences in mortality patterns across the three countries. China consistently has higher infant mortality rates, though a decline is observed in recent years. Bangladesh shows gradual mortality but improvement over time. In contrast, Ethiopia maintains relatively lower rates throughout, suggesting stronger healthcare infrastructure or interventions. This visualization highlights the persistent public health challenges in cholera-affected countries, particularly in regions where access to clean water and healthcare remains limited.
</div>

### 3. Cholera by Water Treatment
```{r}
knitr::include_graphics("Screenshot 2025-04-08 at 6.44.50 PM.png")
```
***
<div style="margin-top: 10px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6;"> This bar chart compares the average cholera cases by water treatment method (Boiling, Filtration, and Chlorination) after 2019 in China, India and USA. These countries consistently experience high cholera rates, but the effectiveness of different treatment methods varies. Filtration is associated with the lowest cholera rates overall, while Boiling tends to correlate with slightly higher rates. This suggests that, although boiling is widely practiced, it may be less effective in regions with inadequate sanitation or clean water access.
</div>

### 4. Cholera by Water Source Type
```{r}
knitr::include_graphics("Screenshot 2025-04-08 at 6.49.21 PM.png")
```
***
<div style="margin-top: 10px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6;"> This bar chart shows the percentage of total cholera cases attributed to different water treatment methods (Boiling, Filtration, and Chlorination) after 2019: in China, India and USA. By calculating the percentage of cholera cases for each treatment method within each country, the chart offers a clearer comparison of how each method contributes to the overall cholera burden. Boiling is found to account for the largest proportion of cases in these countries, suggesting that, while it is widely used, it may be less effective in preventing cholera due to poor sanitation or recontamination. In contrast, Filtration and Chlorination contribute to a lower percentage of cases, implying they may offer better protection against the disease. 
</div>

### 5. Typhoid by Region
```{r}
knitr::include_graphics("Screenshot 2025-04-08 at 7.15.08 PM.png")
```
***
<div style="margin-top: 10px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6;"> This boxplot displays the distribution of typhoid cases across high-burden regions from 2019, focusing on regions with a median rate above 50 cases per 100,000 people. Each subplot represents a country, allowing for a targeted comparison of regions with significant disease burden. The variation in case distributions within and between countries highlights both concentrated hotspots in some nations and broader regional impacts in others. This visualization highlights differences in typhoid cases between regions and helps improve public health strategies by showing national trends and pinpointing areas with the highest disease burden that need targeted action.
</div>

### 6. Distribution of Cholera Cases
```{r}
knitr::include_graphics("Screenshot 2025-04-08 at 7.42.08 PM.png")
```
***
<div style="margin-top: 10px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6;"> This bar chart shows the percentage of cholera cases per 100,000 people by water source type, focusing on years after 2019. The plot groups the data by year and water source type to highlight trends in cholera rates. Each year is displayed as a separate facet, with the y-axis scaled independently for clearer comparison. This visualization emphasizes the relationship between different water sources and cholera rates, providing insights into how water quality influences disease spread.
</div>