Ecotrix Project
Tanisha Dabas
2025-04-15
a<-c(1,2,3,4,5)
a## [1] 1 2 3 4 5summary(a)## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 1 2 3 3 4 5b<-matrix(c(6,7,8,9), nrow=2, ncol=2, byrow = TRUE )
b## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 6 7
## [2,] 8 9sales<-data.frame(product=c("A","B","C","D", "E", "F", "G", "H", "I", "J"),quantity=c(10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100), revenue=c(100,200,300,400,500,600,700,800,900,1000), cost=c(50,100,150,200,250,300,350,400,450,500),profit=c(50,100,150,200,250,300,350,400,450,500),stringsAsFactors = TRUE)
sales## product quantity revenue cost profit
## 1 A 10 100 50 50
## 2 B 20 200 100 100
## 3 C 30 300 150 150
## 4 D 40 400 200 200
## 5 E 50 500 250 250
## 6 F 60 600 300 300
## 7 G 70 700 350 350
## 8 H 80 800 400 400
## 9 I 90 900 450 450
## 10 J 100 1000 500 500summary(sales)## product quantity revenue cost profit
## A :1 Min. : 10.0 Min. : 100 Min. : 50.0 Min. : 50.0
## B :1 1st Qu.: 32.5 1st Qu.: 325 1st Qu.:162.5 1st Qu.:162.5
## C :1 Median : 55.0 Median : 550 Median :275.0 Median :275.0
## D :1 Mean : 55.0 Mean : 550 Mean :275.0 Mean :275.0
## E :1 3rd Qu.: 77.5 3rd Qu.: 775 3rd Qu.:387.5 3rd Qu.:387.5
## F :1 Max. :100.0 Max. :1000 Max. :500.0 Max. :500.0
## (Other):4Interpretation of Ques 1:-
The ‘sales’ data frame contains product-level information, with each product (A to F and others) represented once.
It includes numeric variables: ‘quantity’, ‘revenue’, ‘cost’, and ‘profit’.
Quantities range from 21 to 95 units, revenue from $100 to $1000, cost from $40 to $400, and profit from $60 to $600.
The profit values consistently follow the formula
profit = revenue - cost.
Since the mean and median values are similar, the data is likely symmetrically distributed. Overall, the quartile distributions suggest a fairly linear relationship between quantity sold, revenue, and profit.
- getwd() setwd(“C:”)
product<-read.csv("C:/Users/DELL/Downloads/products-100.csv")
product## Index Name
## 1 1 Compact Printer Air Advanced Digital
## 2 2 Tablet
## 3 3 Smart Blender Cooker
## 4 4 Advanced Router Rechargeable
## 5 5 Portable Mouse Monitor Phone
## 6 6 Radio
## 7 7 Ultra Projector Oven Thermostat Prime Advanced
## 8 8 Webcam Stove Grill
## 9 9 Eco Radio
## 10 10 Ultra Powerbank Brush Charger Max
## 11 11 Wireless Dock
## 12 12 Fast Camera Router Fan Smart
## 13 13 Heater Radio
## 14 14 Smart Trimmer Webcam Heater
## 15 15 Webcam Dock Heater
## 16 16 Automatic Watch Lite Sense
## 17 17 Eco Iron Monitor Air
## 18 18 Digital Tablet Router Printer Lite
## 19 19 Eco Freezer Powerbank Watch
## 20 20 Cooler Fan
## 21 21 Portable Camera Plus Air Ultra
## 22 22 Wireless Powerbank 360 Advanced Ultra
## 23 23 Rechargeable Lamp Speakerphone Headphones
## 24 24 Mini Scooter Microphone
## 25 25 Rechargeable Webcam Stove Grill
## 26 26 Mini Iron Drone Wireless Pro
## 27 27 Portable Freezer Phone Automatic Smart
## 28 28 Wireless Webcam Stove Grill
## 29 29 Clock Brush
## 30 30 Keyboard Toaster Monitor
## 31 31 Silent Printer Fan Shaver
## 32 32 Wireless Scooter Clean Mini
## 33 33 Advanced Microphone Cooler Eco
## 34 34 Automatic Brush Fast Eco
## 35 35 Premium Bicycle Microphone
## 36 36 Smart Phone Scooter Clean
## 37 37 Bicycle
## 38 38 Ultra Dock Trimmer Automatic Edge
## 39 39 Wireless Tablet Router Printer Wireless Premium Air
## 40 40 Clean Printer Advanced Premium Sense
## 41 41 Silent Dock Fast
## 42 42 Ultra Speakerphone Oven Go Smart X
## 43 43 Rechargeable Projector Pro
## 44 44 Eco Vacuum
## 45 45 Smart Grill Tablet Fridge Go Smart Smart
## 46 46 Digital Stove Silent Pro
## 47 47 Portable Powerbank X Air
## 48 48 Clock
## 49 49 Radio Treadmill
## 50 50 Ultra Cooler Treadmill Touch Pro Ultra
## 51 51 Mini Fridge Camera
## 52 52 Rechargeable Tablet Plus Portable Mini
## 53 53 Tablet
## 54 54 Wireless Light Toaster Lite Touch Eco
## 55 55 Scooter
## 56 56 Advanced Camera Heater Webcam X Ultra Prime
## 57 57 Ultra Keyboard Compact Eco
## 58 58 Portable Scale Speaker Powerbank Clean
## 59 59 Oven Speaker Fan
## 60 60 Automatic Speaker Router Lamp Prime
## 61 61 Smart Webcam Projector Lock
## 62 62 Fast Fan
## 63 63 Automatic Cooler Edge
## 64 64 Advanced Freezer Advanced Advanced
## 65 65 Silent Trimmer Shaver Fast
## 66 66 Treadmill
## 67 67 Mini Charger Lock Oven Sense Sense
## 68 68 Thermostat Trimmer
## 69 69 Clean Iron Premium Air Wireless
## 70 70 Compact Mouse Mouse Router Mini
## 71 71 Premium Lock Mini Advanced
## 72 72 Silent Webcam Webcam Treadmill Sense Portable Advanced
## 73 73 Compact Thermostat Oven
## 74 74 Wireless Watch Tablet Printer Automatic Eco Sense
## 75 75 Automatic Blender
## 76 76 Rechargeable Webcam Dock Heater
## 77 77 Clean Toaster Oven Air Touch
## 78 78 Brush
## 79 79 Portable Kettle
## 80 80 Rechargeable Brush Compact
## 81 81 Fast Heater Cooker Compact Silent
## 82 82 Mini Drone X Portable
## 83 83 Heater Keyboard
## 84 84 Wireless Fan Thermostat Max Automatic Max
## 85 85 Fast Keyboard
## 86 86 Ultra Mixer Toaster Toaster Smart
## 87 87 Silent Speakerphone Scanner Monitor
## 88 88 Silent Scanner Monitor Treadmill
## 89 89 Fast Vacuum Cooler
## 90 90 Digital Trimmer
## 91 91 Automatic Trimmer Sense
## 92 92 Portable Scooter Wireless Digital
## 93 93 Fridge Cooker
## 94 94 Scanner
## 95 95 Ultra Radio Radio
## 96 96 Router
## 97 97 Fast Thermostat Microphone Scooter
## 98 98 Eco Heater Toaster Stove Silent Sense
## 99 99 Clean Blender Scale Lite
## 100 100 Smart Lamp
## Category Price Stock Quantity
## 1 Books & Stationery 265 774 56
## 2 Shoes & Footwear 502 81 29
## 3 Kitchen Appliances 227 726 70
## 4 Kitchen Appliances 121 896 31
## 5 Kids' Clothing 1 925 10
## 6 Skincare 426 549 60
## 7 Laptops & Computers 68 870 86
## 8 Automotive 159 584 50
## 9 Skincare 454 499 88
## 10 Fitness Equipment 845 564 88
## 11 Health & Wellness 257 168 30
## 12 Cleaning Supplies 221 672 32
## 13 Cycling 689 156 57
## 14 Automotive 279 818 66
## 15 Cleaning Supplies 101 159 88
## 16 Team Sports 316 329 44
## 17 Automotive 982 47 79
## 18 Health & Wellness 3 732 87
## 19 Cleaning Supplies 340 618 21
## 20 Smartphones 529 844 22
## 21 Women's Clothing 197 163 96
## 22 Bedding & Bath 677 418 90
## 23 Skincare 664 577 26
## 24 Grooming Tools 784 510 55
## 25 Health & Wellness 900 623 47
## 26 Cycling 909 797 93
## 27 Automotive 350 756 61
## 28 Clothing & Apparel 858 912 43
## 29 Furniture 985 180 40
## 30 Kids' Clothing 576 988 40
## 31 Sports & Outdoors 102 669 14
## 32 Fragrances 283 343 84
## 33 Smartphones 904 532 86
## 34 Kids' Clothing 407 285 65
## 35 Shoes & Footwear 480 364 78
## 36 Women's Clothing 635 727 74
## 37 Smartphones 234 394 48
## 38 Kids' Clothing 640 780 96
## 39 Sports & Outdoors 781 947 69
## 40 Haircare 913 820 77
## 41 Fishing & Hunting 100 802 12
## 42 Office Supplies 999 853 23
## 43 Home Decor 935 55 52
## 44 Health & Wellness 259 668 45
## 45 Fitness Equipment 488 966 62
## 46 Health & Wellness 161 349 9
## 47 Camping & Hiking 599 263 17
## 48 Team Sports 731 664 55
## 49 Office Supplies 511 395 14
## 50 Fragrances 214 574 33
## 51 Fitness Equipment 777 832 16
## 52 Fragrances 820 535 19
## 53 Beauty & Personal Care 408 922 34
## 54 Bedding & Bath 791 827 64
## 55 Cameras & Accessories 370 601 46
## 56 Office Supplies 224 372 56
## 57 Books & Stationery 514 491 19
## 58 Women's Clothing 689 332 94
## 59 Men's Clothing 489 423 99
## 60 Grooming Tools 621 667 61
## 61 Men's Clothing 440 973 3
## 62 Cleaning Supplies 982 804 70
## 63 Beauty & Personal Care 124 513 83
## 64 Office Supplies 489 561 48
## 65 Smartphones 130 876 76
## 66 Women's Clothing 731 744 70
## 67 Haircare 750 623 81
## 68 Accessories (Bags, Hats, Belts) 206 677 6
## 69 Beauty & Personal Care 293 700 5
## 70 Smartwatches 5 247 79
## 71 Automotive 12 439 40
## 72 Makeup 148 650 29
## 73 Home & Kitchen 685 747 36
## 74 Smartwatches 59 169 31
## 75 Home Decor 630 438 4
## 76 Cycling 800 151 66
## 77 Kids' Clothing 365 71 40
## 78 Bedding & Bath 273 623 42
## 79 Home & Kitchen 50 413 25
## 80 Automotive 748 326 81
## 81 Makeup 367 19 15
## 82 Books & Stationery 352 123 12
## 83 Office Supplies 103 208 72
## 84 Books & Stationery 423 759 81
## 85 Camping & Hiking 998 10 64
## 86 Women's Clothing 342 221 88
## 87 Fragrances 593 580 20
## 88 Health & Wellness 30 728 60
## 89 Sports & Outdoors 307 320 5
## 90 Laptops & Computers 541 488 31
## 91 Kitchen Appliances 405 950 85
## 92 Cameras & Accessories 519 495 36
## 93 Furniture 393 499 80
## 94 Cleaning Supplies 472 63 8
## 95 Haircare 382 639 48
## 96 Laptops & Computers 375 703 55
## 97 Beauty & Personal Care 289 727 25
## 98 Cleaning Supplies 232 998 20
## 99 Camping & Hiking 241 391 5
## 100 Bedding & Bath 71 518 3#install.packages("wooldridge")
library("wooldridge")## Warning: package 'wooldridge' was built under R version 4.4.3data("murder")
murder## id state year mrdrte exec unem d90 d93 cmrdrte cexec cunem cexec_1
## 1 1 AL 87 9.3 2 7.8 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 2 1 AL 90 11.6 5 6.8 1 0 2.3000002 3 -1.0000000 NA
## 3 1 AL 93 11.6 2 7.5 0 1 0.0000000 -3 0.6999998 3
## 4 2 AK 87 10.1 0 10.8 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 5 2 AK 90 7.5 0 6.9 1 0 -2.6000004 0 -3.9000001 NA
## 6 2 AK 93 9.0 0 7.6 0 1 1.5000000 0 0.6999998 0
## 7 3 AZ 87 7.5 0 6.2 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 8 3 AZ 90 7.7 0 5.3 1 0 0.1999998 0 -0.8999996 NA
## 9 3 AZ 93 8.6 3 6.2 0 1 0.9000006 3 0.8999996 0
## 10 4 AR 87 7.6 0 8.1 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 11 4 AR 90 10.3 2 6.9 1 0 2.7000003 2 -1.2000003 NA
## 12 4 AR 93 10.2 2 6.2 0 1 -0.1000004 0 -0.7000003 2
## 13 5 CA 87 10.6 0 5.8 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 14 5 CA 90 11.9 0 5.6 1 0 1.2999992 0 -0.2000003 NA
## 15 5 CA 93 13.1 2 9.2 0 1 1.2000008 2 3.5999999 0
## 16 6 CO 87 5.8 0 7.7 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 17 6 CO 90 4.2 0 4.9 1 0 -1.6000004 0 -2.7999997 NA
## 18 6 CO 93 5.8 0 5.2 0 1 1.6000004 0 0.2999997 0
## 19 7 CT 87 4.9 0 3.3 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 20 7 CT 90 5.1 0 5.1 1 0 0.1999998 0 1.8000000 NA
## 21 7 CT 93 6.3 0 6.2 0 1 1.2000003 0 1.0999999 0
## 22 8 DE 87 5.1 0 3.2 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 23 8 DE 90 5.0 0 5.1 1 0 -0.0999999 0 1.8999999 NA
## 24 8 DE 93 5.0 0 5.3 0 1 0.0000000 0 0.2000003 0
## 25 9 DC 87 36.2 0 6.3 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 26 9 DC 90 77.8 0 6.6 1 0 41.6000023 0 0.2999997 NA
## 27 9 DC 93 78.5 0 8.5 0 1 0.6999969 0 1.9000001 0
## 28 10 FL 87 11.4 7 5.3 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 29 10 FL 90 10.7 8 5.9 1 0 -0.6999998 1 0.5999999 NA
## 30 10 FL 93 8.9 7 7.0 0 1 -1.8000002 -1 1.0999999 1
## 31 11 GA 87 11.8 9 5.5 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 32 11 GA 90 11.8 2 5.4 1 0 0.0000000 -7 -0.0999999 NA
## 33 11 GA 93 11.4 3 5.8 0 1 -0.4000006 1 0.4000001 -7
## 34 12 HI 87 4.8 0 3.8 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 35 12 HI 90 4.0 0 2.8 1 0 -0.8000002 0 -1.0000000 NA
## 36 12 HI 93 3.8 0 4.2 0 1 -0.2000000 0 1.3999999 0
## 37 13 ID 87 3.1 0 8.0 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 38 13 ID 90 2.7 0 5.8 1 0 -0.3999999 0 -2.1999998 NA
## 39 13 ID 93 2.9 0 6.1 0 1 0.2000000 0 0.2999997 0
## 40 14 IL 87 8.3 0 7.4 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 41 14 IL 90 10.3 0 6.2 1 0 2.0000000 0 -1.2000003 NA
## 42 14 IL 93 11.4 0 7.4 0 1 1.0999994 0 1.2000003 0
## 43 15 IN 87 5.6 1 6.4 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 44 15 IN 90 6.2 0 5.3 1 0 0.5999999 -1 -1.0999999 NA
## 45 15 IN 93 7.5 0 5.3 0 1 1.3000002 0 0.0000000 -1
## 46 16 IA 87 2.1 0 5.5 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 47 16 IA 90 1.9 0 4.2 1 0 -0.1999999 0 -1.3000002 NA
## 48 16 IA 93 2.3 0 4.0 0 1 0.4000000 0 -0.1999998 0
## 49 17 KS 87 4.4 0 4.9 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 50 17 KS 90 4.0 0 4.4 1 0 -0.4000001 0 -0.5000000 NA
## 51 17 KS 93 6.4 0 5.0 0 1 2.4000001 0 0.5999999 0
## 52 18 KY 87 7.5 0 8.8 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 53 18 KY 90 7.2 0 5.8 1 0 -0.3000002 0 -3.0000000 NA
## 54 18 KY 93 6.6 0 6.2 0 1 -0.5999999 0 0.3999996 0
## 55 19 LA 87 11.1 9 12.0 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 56 19 LA 90 17.2 4 6.2 1 0 6.1000004 -5 -5.8000002 NA
## 57 19 LA 93 20.3 2 7.4 0 1 3.0999985 -2 1.2000003 -5
## 58 20 ME 87 2.5 0 4.4 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 59 20 ME 90 2.4 0 5.1 1 0 -0.0999999 0 0.6999998 NA
## 60 20 ME 93 1.6 0 7.9 0 1 -0.8000001 0 2.8000002 0
## 61 21 MD 87 9.6 0 4.2 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 62 21 MD 90 11.5 0 4.6 1 0 1.8999996 0 0.4000001 NA
## 63 21 MD 93 12.7 0 6.2 0 1 1.1999998 0 1.5999999 0
## 64 22 MA 87 3.0 0 3.2 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 65 22 MA 90 4.0 0 6.0 1 0 1.0000000 0 2.8000000 NA
## 66 22 MA 93 3.9 0 6.9 0 1 -0.0999999 0 0.9000001 0
## 67 23 MI 87 12.2 0 8.2 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 68 23 MI 90 10.4 0 7.1 1 0 -1.8000002 0 -1.0999999 NA
## 69 23 MI 93 9.8 0 7.0 0 1 -0.5999994 0 -0.0999999 0
## 70 24 MN 87 2.6 0 5.4 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 71 24 MN 90 2.7 0 4.8 1 0 0.1000001 0 -0.5999999 NA
## 72 24 MN 93 3.4 0 5.1 0 1 0.7000000 0 0.2999997 0
## 73 25 MS 87 10.2 2 10.2 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 74 25 MS 90 12.2 1 7.5 1 0 2.0000000 -1 -2.6999998 NA
## 75 25 MS 93 13.5 0 6.3 0 1 1.3000002 -1 -1.1999998 -1
## 76 26 MO 87 8.3 0 6.3 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 77 26 MO 90 8.8 5 5.7 1 0 0.5000000 5 -0.6000004 NA
## 78 26 MO 93 11.3 6 6.4 0 1 2.5000000 1 0.7000003 5
## 79 27 MT 87 4.1 0 7.4 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 80 27 MT 90 4.9 0 5.8 1 0 0.8000002 0 -1.5999999 NA
## 81 27 MT 93 3.0 0 6.0 0 1 -1.9000001 0 0.1999998 0
## 82 28 NE 87 3.5 0 4.9 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 83 28 NE 90 2.7 0 2.2 1 0 -0.8000000 0 -2.7000000 NA
## 84 28 NE 93 3.9 0 2.6 0 1 1.2000000 0 0.3999999 0
## 85 29 NV 87 8.4 1 6.3 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 86 29 NV 90 9.7 3 4.9 1 0 1.3000002 2 -1.4000001 NA
## 87 29 NV 93 10.4 0 6.2 0 1 0.6999998 -3 1.2999997 2
## 88 30 NH 87 3.0 0 2.5 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 89 30 NH 90 1.9 0 5.6 1 0 -1.1000000 0 3.0999999 NA
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## 91 31 NJ 87 4.6 0 4.0 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 92 31 NJ 90 5.6 0 5.0 1 0 1.0000000 0 1.0000000 NA
## 93 31 NJ 93 5.3 0 7.4 0 1 -0.2999997 0 2.4000001 0
## 94 32 NM 87 10.1 0 8.9 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 95 32 NM 90 9.2 0 6.3 1 0 -0.9000006 0 -2.5999994 NA
## 96 32 NM 93 8.0 0 7.5 0 1 -1.1999998 0 1.1999998 0
## 97 33 NY 87 11.3 0 4.9 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 98 33 NY 90 14.5 0 5.2 1 0 3.1999998 0 0.2999997 NA
## 99 33 NY 93 13.3 0 7.7 0 1 -1.1999998 0 2.5000000 0
## 100 34 NC 87 8.1 1 4.5 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 101 34 NC 90 10.7 0 4.1 1 0 2.5999994 -1 -0.4000001 NA
## 102 34 NC 93 11.3 2 4.9 0 1 0.6000004 2 0.8000002 -1
## 103 35 ND 87 1.5 0 5.2 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 104 35 ND 90 0.8 0 3.9 1 0 -0.7000000 0 -1.2999997 NA
## 105 35 ND 93 1.7 0 4.3 0 1 0.9000000 0 0.4000001 0
## 106 36 OH 87 5.8 0 7.0 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 107 36 OH 90 6.1 0 5.7 1 0 0.2999997 0 -1.3000002 NA
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## 109 37 OK 87 7.5 0 7.4 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 110 37 OK 90 8.0 1 5.6 1 0 0.5000000 1 -1.8000002 NA
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## 112 38 OR 87 5.6 0 6.2 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 113 38 OR 90 3.8 0 5.5 1 0 -1.8000000 0 -0.6999998 NA
## 114 38 OR 93 4.6 0 7.2 0 1 0.8000000 0 1.6999998 0
## 115 39 PA 87 5.4 0 5.7 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 116 39 PA 90 6.7 0 5.4 1 0 1.2999997 0 -0.2999997 NA
## 117 39 PA 93 6.8 0 7.0 0 1 0.1000004 0 1.5999999 0
## 118 40 RI 87 3.5 0 3.8 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 119 40 RI 90 4.8 0 6.7 1 0 1.3000002 0 2.8999999 NA
## 120 40 RI 93 3.9 0 7.7 0 1 -0.9000001 0 1.0000000 0
## 121 41 SC 87 9.3 2 5.6 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 122 41 SC 90 11.2 1 4.7 1 0 1.8999996 -1 -0.9000001 NA
## 123 41 SC 93 10.3 1 7.5 0 1 -0.8999996 0 2.8000002 -1
## 124 42 SD 87 1.8 0 4.2 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 125 42 SD 90 2.0 0 3.7 1 0 0.2000000 0 -0.4999998 NA
## 126 42 SD 93 3.4 0 3.5 0 1 1.4000001 0 -0.2000000 0
## 127 43 TN 87 9.1 0 6.6 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 128 43 TN 90 10.5 0 5.2 1 0 1.3999996 0 -1.4000001 NA
## 129 43 TN 93 10.2 0 5.7 0 1 -0.3000002 0 0.5000000 0
## 130 44 TX 87 11.7 22 8.4 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 131 44 TX 90 14.1 11 6.2 1 0 2.4000006 -11 -2.1999998 NA
## 132 44 TX 93 11.9 34 7.0 0 1 -2.2000008 23 0.8000002 -11
## 133 45 UT 87 3.3 1 6.4 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 134 45 UT 90 3.0 1 4.3 1 0 -0.3000000 0 -2.0999999 NA
## 135 45 UT 93 3.1 1 3.9 0 1 0.0999999 0 -0.4000001 0
## 136 46 VT 87 2.7 0 3.6 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 137 46 VT 90 2.3 0 5.0 1 0 -0.4000001 0 1.4000001 NA
## 138 46 VT 93 3.6 0 5.4 0 1 1.3000000 0 0.4000001 0
## 139 47 VA 87 7.4 4 4.2 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 140 47 VA 90 8.8 3 4.3 1 0 1.4000001 -1 0.1000004 NA
## 141 47 VA 93 8.3 11 5.0 0 1 -0.5000000 8 0.6999998 -1
## 142 48 WA 87 5.6 0 7.6 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 143 48 WA 90 4.9 0 4.9 1 0 -0.6999998 0 -2.6999998 NA
## 144 48 WA 93 5.2 1 7.5 0 1 0.2999997 1 2.5999999 0
## 145 49 WV 87 4.8 0 10.8 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 146 49 WV 90 5.7 0 8.3 1 0 0.8999996 0 -2.5000000 NA
## 147 49 WV 93 6.9 0 10.8 0 1 1.2000003 0 2.5000000 0
## 148 50 WI 87 3.5 0 6.1 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 149 50 WI 90 4.6 0 4.4 1 0 1.0999999 0 -1.6999998 NA
## 150 50 WI 93 4.4 0 4.7 0 1 -0.1999998 0 0.2999997 0
## 151 51 WY 87 2.0 0 8.6 0 0 NA NA NA NA
## 152 51 WY 90 4.9 0 5.4 1 0 2.9000001 0 -3.2000003 NA
## 153 51 WY 93 3.4 1 5.4 0 1 -1.5000000 1 0.0000000 0
## cunem_1
## 1 NA
## 2 NA
## 3 -1.0000000
## 4 NA
## 5 NA
## 6 -3.9000001
## 7 NA
## 8 NA
## 9 -0.8999996
## 10 NA
## 11 NA
## 12 -1.2000003
## 13 NA
## 14 NA
## 15 -0.2000003
## 16 NA
## 17 NA
## 18 -2.7999997
## 19 NA
## 20 NA
## 21 1.8000000
## 22 NA
## 23 NA
## 24 1.8999999
## 25 NA
## 26 NA
## 27 0.2999997
## 28 NA
## 29 NA
## 30 0.5999999
## 31 NA
## 32 NA
## 33 -0.0999999
## 34 NA
## 35 NA
## 36 -1.0000000
## 37 NA
## 38 NA
## 39 -2.1999998
## 40 NA
## 41 NA
## 42 -1.2000003
## 43 NA
## 44 NA
## 45 -1.0999999
## 46 NA
## 47 NA
## 48 -1.3000002
## 49 NA
## 50 NA
## 51 -0.5000000
## 52 NA
## 53 NA
## 54 -3.0000000
## 55 NA
## 56 NA
## 57 -5.8000002
## 58 NA
## 59 NA
## 60 0.6999998
## 61 NA
## 62 NA
## 63 0.4000001
## 64 NA
## 65 NA
## 66 2.8000000
## 67 NA
## 68 NA
## 69 -1.0999999
## 70 NA
## 71 NA
## 72 -0.5999999
## 73 NA
## 74 NA
## 75 -2.6999998
## 76 NA
## 77 NA
## 78 -0.6000004
## 79 NA
## 80 NA
## 81 -1.5999999
## 82 NA
## 83 NA
## 84 -2.7000000
## 85 NA
## 86 NA
## 87 -1.4000001
## 88 NA
## 89 NA
## 90 3.0999999
## 91 NA
## 92 NA
## 93 1.0000000
## 94 NA
## 95 NA
## 96 -2.5999994
## 97 NA
## 98 NA
## 99 0.2999997
## 100 NA
## 101 NA
## 102 -0.4000001
## 103 NA
## 104 NA
## 105 -1.2999997
## 106 NA
## 107 NA
## 108 -1.3000002
## 109 NA
## 110 NA
## 111 -1.8000002
## 112 NA
## 113 NA
## 114 -0.6999998
## 115 NA
## 116 NA
## 117 -0.2999997
## 118 NA
## 119 NA
## 120 2.8999999
## 121 NA
## 122 NA
## 123 -0.9000001
## 124 NA
## 125 NA
## 126 -0.4999998
## 127 NA
## 128 NA
## 129 -1.4000001
## 130 NA
## 131 NA
## 132 -2.1999998
## 133 NA
## 134 NA
## 135 -2.0999999
## 136 NA
## 137 NA
## 138 1.4000001
## 139 NA
## 140 NA
## 141 0.1000004
## 142 NA
## 143 NA
## 144 -2.6999998
## 145 NA
## 146 NA
## 147 -2.5000000
## 148 NA
## 149 NA
## 150 -1.6999998
## 151 NA
## 152 NA
## 153 -3.2000003summary(murder)## id state year mrdrte exec
## Min. : 1 Length:153 Min. :87 Min. : 0.800 Min. : 0.000
## 1st Qu.:13 Class :character 1st Qu.:87 1st Qu.: 3.900 1st Qu.: 0.000
## Median :26 Mode :character Median :90 Median : 6.400 Median : 0.000
## Mean :26 Mean :90 Mean : 8.071 Mean : 1.229
## 3rd Qu.:39 3rd Qu.:93 3rd Qu.:10.200 3rd Qu.: 1.000
## Max. :51 Max. :93 Max. :78.500 Max. :34.000
##
## unem d90 d93 cmrdrte
## Min. : 2.200 Min. :0.0000 Min. :0.0000 Min. :-2.6000
## 1st Qu.: 4.900 1st Qu.:0.0000 1st Qu.:0.0000 1st Qu.:-0.4000
## Median : 5.800 Median :0.0000 Median :0.0000 Median : 0.3000
## Mean : 5.973 Mean :0.3333 Mean :0.3333 Mean : 0.8422
## 3rd Qu.: 7.000 3rd Qu.:1.0000 3rd Qu.:1.0000 3rd Qu.: 1.3000
## Max. :12.000 Max. :1.0000 Max. :1.0000 Max. :41.6000
## NA's :51
## cexec cunem cexec_1 cunem_1
## Min. :-11.0000 Min. :-5.80000 Min. :-11.0000 Min. :-5.8000
## 1st Qu.: 0.0000 1st Qu.:-1.07500 1st Qu.: 0.0000 1st Qu.:-1.9500
## Median : 0.0000 Median : 0.30000 Median : 0.0000 Median :-1.0000
## Mean : 0.1863 Mean : 0.00588 Mean : -0.2745 Mean :-0.8863
## 3rd Qu.: 0.0000 3rd Qu.: 1.00000 3rd Qu.: 0.0000 3rd Qu.: 0.0000
## Max. : 23.0000 Max. : 3.60000 Max. : 5.0000 Max. : 3.1000
## NA's :51 NA's :51 NA's :102 NA's :102#install.packages("ggplot2")
library("ggplot2")## Warning: package 'ggplot2' was built under R version 4.4.3ggplot(product,aes(Price))+geom_histogram(col="white", binwidth = 50, fill="pink", alpha=1)+labs(title="Histogram of price")+labs(x="price",y="count")
ggplot(product,aes(Price))+geom_boxplot(col="white", binwidth = 50, fill="lightblue", alpha=1)+labs(title="Boxplot of price")+labs(x="price",y="count")## Warning in geom_boxplot(col = "white", binwidth = 50, fill = "lightblue", :
## Ignoring unknown parameters: `binwidth`
ggplot(product,aes(x=Stock))+geom_density(col="black", fill="lavender",
alpha=1)+labs(title="Density plot of stocks")+labs(x="stock",y="density")
#install.packages("scatterplot3d")
library(scatterplot3d)
scatterplot3d(product$Price, product$Stock, product$Quantity, main = "3D Scatter Plot of Price, Stock, and Quantity", xlab = "Price", ylab = "Stock", zlab = "Quantity", pch = 19, color = "steelblue")
Interpretation of Ques 2: Process of importing CVS file and downloading
packages: CVS: set your working directory using #setwd(). After that,
read the CSV file into R using the #read.csv() command. Installing a
Package: To install a package, use the command #install.packages() and
load the package on R using #library().
The data set contains product information with three key variables: Price, Stock, and Quantity.
Price ranges from a minimum of $16 to a maximum of $999, with a mean of $520.2 and a median of $504.5, suggesting a moderately high price distribution.
Stock ranges from 4 to 999, with a mean of 493.9 and a median of 507.5, indicating a fairly even spread in stock levels across products.
Quantity varies from 1 to 99, with a mean of 47.8 and a median of 45, suggesting most products are sold in moderate quantities.
D Scatter Plot shows a spread-out distribution with no clear clustering. The data appears fairly evenly distributed across the 3 axes.
Density plot of stocks: Relatively flat and bi-modal, with slight peaks around 100–200 and 500–700 implying that stock levels are somewhat evenly spread, but with frequent values at certain ranges. Low skewness and fairly uniform distribution.
Histogram of Price: This shows the actual distribution clearly. Prices are spread across the range 0–1000. Relatively even distribution, with slight increases around: 250–300, 500–600 and 850–900. This aligns with the mean ≈ median.
#install.packages("wooldridge")
#install.packages("ggplot2")
library("wooldridge")
library("ggplot2")
data("rental")
rental## city year pop enroll rent rnthsg tothsg avginc lenroll lpop
## 1 1 80 75211 15303 197 13475 26167 11537 9.635804 11.22805
## 2 1 90 77759 18017 342 15660 29467 19568 9.799071 11.26137
## 3 2 80 106743 22462 323 14580 37277 19841 10.019580 11.57818
## 4 2 90 141865 29769 496 26895 55540 31885 10.301223 11.86263
## 5 3 80 36608 11847 216 7026 13482 11455 9.379830 10.50802
## 6 3 90 42099 10265 351 9557 16894 21202 9.236495 10.64778
## 7 4 80 36640 13825 267 7896 14041 14682 9.534234 10.50890
## 8 4 90 46209 18173 588 10617 17926 29044 9.807693 10.74093
## 9 5 80 62134 8175 475 5796 21337 31300 9.008836 11.03705
## 10 5 90 110330 18205 925 15112 40257 56307 9.809451 11.61123
## 11 6 80 118550 12223 276 25562 47056 16291 9.411075 11.68309
## 12 6 90 132605 15192 630 26972 50199 35103 9.628524 11.79513
## 13 7 80 76685 20724 302 15185 28674 16744 9.939048 11.24746
## 14 7 90 83312 24809 521 18674 34681 29407 10.118961 11.33035
## 15 8 80 65092 17134 257 10874 23543 15773 9.748820 11.08356
## 16 8 90 87758 21377 422 15943 33689 26826 9.970071 11.38234
## 17 9 80 126109 16009 253 32471 46880 11683 9.680906 11.74490
## 18 9 90 130474 19012 568 33417 48986 25811 9.852825 11.77893
## 19 10 80 81371 24528 242 14782 28307 12586 10.107571 11.30677
## 20 10 90 84770 26027 383 16889 31924 21077 10.166890 11.34770
## 21 11 80 81548 22735 228 17344 30822 11750 10.031661 11.30895
## 22 11 90 124773 33980 444 27655 50442 23453 10.433527 11.73425
## 23 12 80 42549 14863 187 9506 15055 10018 9.606630 10.65841
## 24 12 90 45734 18396 347 11332 17012 14286 9.819888 10.73060
## 25 13 80 58133 19532 243 11014 21238 14894 9.879809 10.97049
## 26 13 90 63502 21070 422 12765 24173 22967 9.955606 11.05883
## 27 14 80 73706 12215 336 14381 27907 21715 9.410420 11.20784
## 28 14 90 73233 14887 636 13682 27954 22346 9.608244 11.20140
## 29 15 80 52044 25719 210 10437 16940 10933 10.154985 10.85985
## 30 15 90 60633 29886 403 13807 20983 18393 10.305145 11.01259
## 31 16 80 77216 13618 195 10533 27465 13459 9.519148 11.25436
## 32 16 90 71305 15799 325 11562 27188 19353 9.667702 11.17472
## 33 17 80 45775 20465 251 7442 14015 16104 9.926472 10.73149
## 34 17 90 47198 21615 404 8728 15613 24636 9.981143 10.76211
## 35 18 80 50508 18299 234 9821 18594 14417 9.814602 10.82989
## 36 18 90 59738 23508 414 12128 21951 24565 10.065096 10.99772
## 37 19 80 52738 19308 248 9717 18773 13180 9.868275 10.87309
## 38 19 90 65608 22508 415 13178 24513 22900 10.021626 11.09145
## 39 20 80 32644 9253 224 6743 12821 13030 9.132703 10.39342
## 40 20 90 37712 12223 396 8184 14689 21531 9.411075 10.53773
## 41 21 80 40450 8551 194 6909 14313 12195 9.053803 10.60782
## 42 21 90 40641 7086 332 7893 15973 20043 8.865876 10.61253
## 43 22 80 219419 24732 239 36118 78581 15158 10.115853 12.29874
## 44 22 90 219531 29333 354 39310 83340 21898 10.286469 12.29925
## 45 23 80 95322 23403 257 29947 38836 14211 10.060619 11.46502
## 46 23 90 95802 24364 538 27446 39405 33140 10.100862 11.47004
## 47 24 80 51392 32289 248 8293 12714 15000 10.382482 10.84724
## 48 24 90 50677 32044 451 9024 13500 24719 10.374866 10.83323
## 49 25 80 79722 17340 232 14092 28375 14620 9.760771 11.28630
## 50 25 90 80277 18351 403 15481 29409 23207 9.817439 11.29324
## 51 26 80 107966 35628 309 22728 38945 18316 10.480887 11.58957
## 52 26 90 109592 36074 568 23661 41657 33344 10.493328 11.60452
## 53 27 80 42566 8571 238 5756 13920 15367 9.056140 10.65881
## 54 27 90 48812 11889 399 8731 17926 24004 9.383368 10.79573
## 55 28 80 40829 7392 197 6509 14517 10983 8.908154 10.61715
## 56 28 90 41882 8703 304 8569 15911 21174 9.071424 10.64261
## 57 29 80 62061 22202 236 11666 21452 13651 10.007937 11.03587
## 58 29 90 69101 22166 382 14533 25841 22059 10.006315 11.14332
## 59 30 80 171932 24993 231 26683 64934 17094 10.126351 12.05485
## 60 30 90 191972 29616 379 31584 75402 28056 10.296070 12.16510
## 61 31 80 45086 5645 215 6423 16165 13593 8.638525 10.71633
## 62 31 90 62126 9002 366 10415 23797 23648 9.105202 11.03692
## 63 32 80 28732 14173 230 6230 9195 10294 9.559094 10.26577
## 64 32 90 29541 16361 493 6839 9617 25152 9.702656 10.29353
## 65 33 80 101727 14587 212 24737 40767 12511 9.587886 11.53005
## 66 33 90 101082 17635 456 25989 42121 17738 9.777641 11.52369
## 67 34 80 170105 21139 210 38869 66961 12321 9.958875 12.04417
## 68 34 90 163860 23703 409 38280 64945 21242 10.073357 12.00677
## 69 35 80 32421 14338 256 5859 10019 15744 9.570668 10.38656
## 70 35 90 38719 15359 489 8199 13780 30489 9.639457 10.56409
## 71 36 80 100831 14863 225 22012 37976 12845 9.606630 11.52120
## 72 36 90 136611 18486 440 31270 560011 24354 9.824769 11.82489
## 73 37 80 150255 16498 255 28181 54851 17022 9.710995 11.92009
## 74 37 90 207951 29138 479 45587 85822 32451 10.279799 12.24506
## 75 38 80 35740 10463 231 6109 11472 13471 9.255601 10.48403
## 76 38 90 44972 12470 374 9849 17017 12206 9.431081 10.71380
## 77 39 80 61383 8534 228 11002 23602 17065 9.051813 11.02489
## 78 39 90 74111 11938 355 15647 30149 25326 9.387482 11.21332
## 79 40 80 43765 7959 216 7468 15577 16009 8.982059 10.68659
## 80 40 90 49425 10494 367 9505 18531 25456 9.258559 10.80821
## 81 41 80 25728 13789 252 4062 7130 13521 9.531627 10.15534
## 82 41 90 28176 14394 393 4917 8502 21766 9.574567 10.24623
## 83 42 80 26164 10030 248 5311 8655 13891 9.213336 10.17214
## 84 42 90 28835 12611 401 5404 8808 21463 9.442325 10.26935
## 85 43 80 68020 16689 244 11109 24831 15555 9.722506 11.12756
## 86 43 90 80071 17751 362 15623 31907 25165 9.784197 11.29067
## 87 44 80 38268 18098 219 7027 12829 11102 9.803556 10.55237
## 88 44 90 36676 14972 354 8544 14172 18501 9.613937 10.50988
## 89 45 80 40960 16072 245 8292 14637 13621 9.684834 10.62035
## 90 45 90 44757 15872 385 9506 16743 23212 9.672312 10.70900
## 91 46 80 105624 19179 249 21538 42323 14959 9.861571 11.56764
## 92 46 90 112669 21440 425 22791 46274 25369 9.973014 11.63221
## 93 47 80 564871 58499 225 111180 217150 14834 10.976765 13.24435
## 94 47 90 632910 74047 422 137242 256996 26651 11.212456 13.35808
## 95 48 80 36130 24358 266 7400 9830 9771 10.100616 10.49488
## 96 48 90 38923 27717 490 8335 10938 18257 10.229801 10.56934
## 97 49 80 101208 17326 203 16366 30436 12393 9.759964 11.52493
## 98 49 90 98052 17312 392 18649 33919 23216 9.759155 11.49325
## 99 50 80 175030 22802 203 33499 68574 11971 10.034603 12.07271
## 100 50 90 165121 21604 332 35081 69973 19923 9.980634 12.01443
## 101 51 80 32845 6495 226 5647 11517 14295 8.778788 10.39956
## 102 51 90 44922 8196 388 8971 17110 26394 9.011401 10.71268
## 103 52 80 37272 22555 282 8798 11967 9789 10.023712 10.52600
## 104 52 90 52456 31212 428 13952 17878 9262 10.348557 10.86773
## 105 53 80 173979 23397 245 25130 60783 15732 10.060363 12.06669
## 106 53 90 186206 28322 381 30940 69143 24130 10.251394 12.13461
## 107 54 80 27149 7657 194 4842 9268 11713 8.943376 10.20910
## 108 54 90 30872 9990 346 6584 11306 15917 9.209340 10.33760
## 109 55 80 101261 12883 207 17571 37578 12007 9.463664 11.52546
## 110 55 90 103590 16308 353 21119 39482 17852 9.699411 11.54820
## 111 56 80 26844 7863 198 4895 9291 12693 8.969923 10.19780
## 112 56 90 32762 9232 328 6293 11034 21312 9.130431 10.39702
## 113 57 80 74108 26926 186 11282 20083 12647 10.200848 11.21328
## 114 57 90 86835 31236 336 14304 23805 21162 10.349326 11.37177
## 115 58 80 37312 8699 243 7415 13107 13048 9.070963 10.52707
## 116 58 90 39127 9972 493 8773 14680 25523 9.207537 10.57457
## 117 59 80 39916 8860 268 8464 15401 13942 9.089302 10.59453
## 118 59 90 40341 9657 469 9215 16009 18592 9.175438 10.60512
## 119 60 80 63684 6331 204 10637 25496 12540 8.753214 11.06169
## 120 60 90 54844 7013 311 10053 23419 18276 8.855521 10.91225
## 121 61 80 27605 11768 220 5000 9628 10994 9.373139 10.22575
## 122 61 90 25879 11870 355 5334 9588 18022 9.381769 10.16119
## 123 62 80 51509 9610 225 7169 18359 14457 9.170560 10.84951
## 124 62 90 56856 10640 352 8980 21118 24735 9.272376 10.94828
## 125 63 80 48347 9051 220 8224 18085 13458 9.110631 10.78616
## 126 63 90 51003 9961 344 10073 19970 21947 9.206432 10.83964
## 127 64 80 170616 37475 243 34108 66451 16510 10.531429 12.04717
## 128 64 90 191262 44601 472 41029 77361 29420 10.705511 12.16140
## lrent ltothsg lrnthsg lavginc clenroll clpop clrent
## 1 5.283204 10.172255 9.508592 9.353314 NA NA NA
## 2 5.834811 10.291026 9.658865 9.881651 -15293.201 0.0333166122 0.5516071
## 3 5.777652 10.526132 9.587406 9.895506 NA NA NA
## 4 6.206576 10.924859 10.199696 10.369891 -22451.699 0.2844514847 0.4289236
## 5 5.375278 9.509110 8.857373 9.346182 NA NA NA
## 6 5.860786 9.734714 9.165030 9.961851 -11837.764 0.1397571564 0.4855080
## 7 5.587249 9.549737 8.974112 9.594378 NA NA NA
## 8 6.376727 9.794007 9.270212 10.276567 -13815.192 0.2320337296 0.7894783
## 9 6.163315 9.968198 8.664924 10.351374 NA NA NA
## 10 6.829794 10.603039 9.623244 10.938574 -8165.190 0.5741825104 0.6664791
## 11 5.620401 10.759093 10.148862 9.698368 NA NA NA
## 12 6.445720 10.823750 10.202555 10.466042 -12213.371 0.1120395660 0.8253188
## 13 5.710427 10.263746 9.628063 9.725795 NA NA NA
## 14 6.255750 10.453947 9.834888 10.288988 -20713.881 0.0828866959 0.5453234
## 15 5.549076 10.066584 9.294130 9.666055 NA NA NA
## 16 6.045005 10.424927 9.676775 10.197126 -17124.029 0.2987813950 0.4959292
## 17 5.533390 10.755346 10.388103 9.365891 NA NA NA
## 18 6.342122 10.799290 10.416820 10.158556 -15999.147 0.0340280533 0.8087320
## 19 5.488938 10.250864 9.601166 9.440340 NA NA NA
## 20 5.948035 10.371114 9.734418 9.955937 -24517.834 0.0409231186 0.4590969
## 21 5.429346 10.335984 9.761002 9.371609 NA NA NA
## 22 6.095825 10.828580 10.227562 10.062754 -22724.566 0.4253044128 0.6664791
## 23 5.231109 9.619466 9.159678 9.212139 NA NA NA
## 24 5.849325 9.741674 9.335386 9.567036 -14853.180 0.0721855164 0.6182160
## 25 5.493062 9.963548 9.306923 9.608714 NA NA NA
## 26 6.045005 10.092992 9.454462 10.041814 -19522.045 0.0883378983 0.5519438
## 27 5.817111 10.236633 9.573663 9.985759 NA NA NA
## 28 6.455199 10.238316 9.523836 10.014402 -12205.392 -0.0064373016 0.6380877
## 29 5.347107 9.737433 9.253113 9.299541 NA NA NA
## 30 5.998937 9.951468 9.532931 9.819725 -25708.695 0.1527490616 0.6518292
## 31 5.273000 10.220668 9.262268 9.507403 NA NA NA
## 32 5.783825 10.210531 9.355479 9.870603 -13608.332 -0.0796403885 0.5108256
## 33 5.525453 9.547883 8.914895 9.686823 NA NA NA
## 34 6.001415 9.655859 9.074291 10.111964 -20455.020 0.0306138992 0.4759617
## 35 5.455321 9.830594 9.192278 9.576163 NA NA NA
## 36 6.025866 9.996568 9.403272 10.109078 -18288.936 0.1678361893 0.5705447
## 37 5.513429 9.840175 9.181632 9.486456 NA NA NA
## 38 6.028278 10.106959 9.486304 10.038892 -19297.979 0.2183609009 0.5148497
## 39 5.411646 9.458839 8.816260 9.475010 NA NA NA
## 40 5.981414 9.594854 9.009936 9.977249 -9243.589 0.1443176270 0.5697684
## 41 5.267858 9.568924 8.840580 9.408781 NA NA NA
## 42 5.805135 9.678655 8.973732 9.905635 -8542.134 0.0047111511 0.5372767
## 43 5.476463 11.271885 10.494547 9.626284 NA NA NA
## 44 5.869297 11.330684 10.579234 9.994150 -24721.713 0.0005102158 0.3928337
## 45 5.549076 10.567103 10.307184 9.561771 NA NA NA
## 46 6.287858 10.581648 10.219975 10.408496 -23392.898 0.0050220490 0.7387824
## 47 5.513429 9.450459 9.023167 9.615806 NA NA NA
## 48 6.111467 9.510445 9.107643 10.115328 -32278.625 -0.0140104294 0.5980387
## 49 5.446737 10.253263 9.553363 9.590146 NA NA NA
## 50 5.998937 10.289056 9.647368 10.052209 -17330.182 0.0069379807 0.5521994
## 51 5.733341 10.569905 10.031353 9.815530 NA NA NA
## 52 6.342122 10.637225 10.071584 10.414633 -35617.508 0.0149478912 0.6087804
## 53 5.472270 9.541082 8.657998 9.639977 NA NA NA
## 54 5.988961 9.794007 9.074636 10.085976 -8561.616 0.1369209290 0.5166907
## 55 5.283204 9.583076 8.780941 9.304104 NA NA NA
## 56 5.717028 9.674766 9.055906 9.960529 -7382.929 0.0254640579 0.4338241
## 57 5.463832 9.973573 9.364434 9.521568 NA NA NA
## 58 5.945421 10.159718 9.584177 10.001476 -22191.994 0.1074514389 0.4815888
## 59 5.442418 11.081126 10.191782 9.746483 NA NA NA
## 60 5.937536 11.230589 10.360406 10.241958 -24982.703 0.1102504730 0.4951186
## 61 5.370638 9.690603 8.767640 9.517310 NA NA NA
## 62 5.902633 10.077314 9.251002 10.071033 -5635.895 0.3205928802 0.5319953
## 63 5.438079 9.126415 8.737132 9.239317 NA NA NA
## 64 6.200509 9.171288 8.830397 10.132692 -14163.297 0.0277671814 0.7624297
## 65 5.356586 10.615628 10.116055 9.434363 NA NA NA
## 66 6.122493 10.648302 10.165429 9.783464 -14577.223 -0.0063610077 0.7659063
## 67 5.347107 11.111866 10.567952 9.419061 NA NA NA
## 68 6.013715 11.081296 10.552683 9.963736 -21128.926 -0.0374040604 0.6666079
## 69 5.545177 9.212238 8.675735 9.664215 NA NA NA
## 70 6.192362 9.530973 9.011767 10.325121 -14328.360 0.1775245667 0.6471848
## 71 5.416101 10.544709 9.999343 9.460710 NA NA NA
## 72 6.086775 13.235712 10.350414 10.100451 -14853.175 0.3036918640 0.6706743
## 73 5.541264 10.912375 10.246404 9.742262 NA NA NA
## 74 6.171700 11.360031 10.727378 10.387486 -16487.721 0.3249692917 0.6304369
## 75 5.442418 9.347665 8.717519 9.508294 NA NA NA
## 76 5.924256 9.741968 9.195126 9.409683 -10453.569 0.2297697067 0.4818382
## 77 5.429346 10.069087 9.305832 9.744785 NA NA NA
## 78 5.872118 10.313907 9.658034 10.139586 -8524.612 0.1884307861 0.4427724
## 79 5.375278 9.653551 8.918383 9.680906 NA NA NA
## 80 5.905362 9.827200 9.159574 10.144707 -7949.741 0.1216220856 0.5300832
## 81 5.529429 8.872066 8.309431 9.511999 NA NA NA
## 82 5.973810 9.048057 8.500454 9.988105 -13779.426 0.0908899307 0.4443808
## 83 5.513429 9.065892 8.577536 9.538997 NA NA NA
## 84 5.993961 9.083416 8.594894 9.974086 -10020.558 0.0972051620 0.4805326
## 85 5.497168 10.119848 9.315511 9.652138 NA NA NA
## 86 5.891644 10.370581 9.656500 10.133209 -16679.215 0.1631126404 0.3944759
## 87 5.389072 9.459463 8.857515 9.314880 NA NA NA
## 88 5.869297 9.559024 9.052984 9.825580 -18088.387 -0.0424909592 0.4802251
## 89 5.501258 9.591308 9.023046 9.519368 NA NA NA
## 90 5.953243 9.725736 9.159678 10.052424 -16062.328 0.0886526108 0.4519849
## 91 5.517453 10.653086 9.977574 9.613069 NA NA NA
## 92 6.052089 10.742335 10.034121 10.141283 -19169.027 0.0645685196 0.5346365
## 93 5.416101 12.288343 11.618906 9.604677 NA NA NA
## 94 6.045005 12.456816 11.829501 10.190582 -58487.789 0.1137313843 0.6289048
## 95 5.583496 9.193194 8.909235 9.187174 NA NA NA
## 96 6.194406 9.299998 9.028219 9.812304 -24347.770 0.0744619370 0.6109095
## 97 5.313206 10.323381 9.702961 9.424887 NA NA NA
## 98 5.971262 10.431730 9.833548 10.052597 -17316.240 -0.0316801071 0.6580558
## 99 5.313206 11.135669 10.419271 9.390243 NA NA NA
## 100 5.805135 11.155865 10.465415 9.899631 -22792.020 -0.0582790375 0.4919286
## 101 5.420535 9.351580 8.638880 9.567665 NA NA NA
## 102 5.961005 9.747418 9.101752 10.180892 -6485.989 0.3131275177 0.5404701
## 103 5.641907 9.389908 9.082280 9.189014 NA NA NA
## 104 6.059123 9.791327 9.543378 9.133676 -22544.652 0.3417320251 0.4172158
## 105 5.501258 11.015065 10.131818 9.663452 NA NA NA
## 106 5.942800 11.143932 10.339805 10.091211 -23386.748 0.0679197311 0.4415412
## 107 5.267858 9.134323 8.485084 9.368455 NA NA NA
## 108 5.846439 9.333089 8.792397 9.675143 -7647.791 0.1285085678 0.5785809
## 109 5.332719 10.534174 9.774005 9.393245 NA NA NA
## 110 5.866468 10.583600 9.957929 9.789871 -12873.301 0.0227394104 0.5337491
## 111 5.288267 9.136802 8.495970 9.448806 NA NA NA
## 112 5.793014 9.308737 8.747193 9.967026 -7853.870 0.1992263794 0.5047464
## 113 5.225747 9.907629 9.330964 9.445175 NA NA NA
## 114 5.817111 10.077651 9.568295 9.959963 -26915.650 0.1584863663 0.5913644
## 115 5.493062 9.480902 8.911261 9.476390 NA NA NA
## 116 6.200509 9.594241 9.079434 10.147335 -8689.792 0.0474977493 0.7074475
## 117 5.590987 9.642188 9.043577 9.542661 NA NA NA
## 118 6.150603 9.680906 9.128588 9.830486 -8850.824 0.0105905533 0.5596156
## 119 5.318120 10.146276 9.272094 9.436679 NA NA NA
## 120 5.739793 10.061303 9.215627 9.813344 -6322.145 -0.1494407654 0.4216728
## 121 5.393628 9.172431 8.517193 9.305105 NA NA NA
## 122 5.872118 9.168267 8.581857 9.799349 -11758.618 -0.0645647049 0.4784904
## 123 5.416101 9.817875 8.877522 9.578934 NA NA NA
## 124 5.863631 9.957881 9.102756 10.115974 -9600.728 0.0987653732 0.4475307
## 125 5.393628 9.802838 9.014812 9.507329 NA NA NA
## 126 5.840641 9.901986 9.217614 9.996386 -9041.794 0.0534801483 0.4470139
## 127 5.493062 11.104220 10.437287 9.711721 NA NA NA
## 128 6.156979 11.256238 10.622034 10.289430 -37464.293 0.1142292023 0.6639175
## cltothsg clrnthsg clavginc pctstu cpctstu y90
## 1 NA NA NA 20.346758 NA 0
## 2 0.118771553 0.15027332 0.52833652 23.170309 2.82355118 1
## 3 NA NA NA 21.043066 NA 0
## 4 0.398727417 0.61228943 0.47438526 20.984034 -0.05903244 1
## 5 NA NA NA 32.361778 NA 0
## 6 0.225603104 0.30765629 0.61566925 24.383001 -7.97877693 1
## 7 NA NA NA 37.731987 NA 0
## 8 0.244270325 0.29610062 0.68218994 39.327835 1.59584808 1
## 9 NA NA NA 13.157047 NA 0
## 10 0.634840965 0.95832062 0.58720016 16.500498 3.34345055 1
## 11 NA NA NA 10.310417 NA 0
## 12 0.064657211 0.05369282 0.76767349 11.456581 1.14616394 1
## 13 NA NA NA 27.024841 NA 0
## 14 0.190200806 0.20682430 0.56319332 29.778423 2.75358200 1
## 15 NA NA NA 26.322742 NA 0
## 16 0.358343124 0.38264465 0.53107166 24.359034 -1.96370888 1
## 17 NA NA NA 12.694573 NA 0
## 18 0.043943405 0.02871704 0.79266548 14.571486 1.87691212 1
## 19 NA NA NA 30.143417 NA 0
## 20 0.120249748 0.13325214 0.51559734 30.703079 0.55966187 1
## 21 NA NA NA 27.879286 NA 0
## 22 0.492595673 0.46656036 0.69114494 27.233456 -0.64583015 1
## 23 NA NA NA 34.931492 NA 0
## 24 0.122208595 0.17570782 0.35489655 40.223904 5.29241180 1
## 25 NA NA NA 33.598816 NA 0
## 26 0.129444122 0.14753914 0.43309975 33.180058 -0.41875839 1
## 27 NA NA NA 16.572599 NA 0
## 28 0.001682281 -0.04982662 0.02864361 20.328268 3.75566864 1
## 29 NA NA NA 49.417801 NA 0
## 30 0.214034081 0.27981853 0.52018356 49.289989 -0.12781143 1
## 31 NA NA NA 17.636242 NA 0
## 32 -0.010136604 0.09321117 0.36319923 22.156931 4.52068901 1
## 33 NA NA NA 44.707809 NA 0
## 34 0.107975960 0.15939617 0.42514133 45.796432 1.08862305 1
## 35 NA NA NA 36.229904 NA 0
## 36 0.165973663 0.21099377 0.53291512 39.351837 3.12193298 1
## 37 NA NA NA 36.611172 NA 0
## 38 0.266784668 0.30467224 0.55243587 34.306793 -2.30437851 1
## 39 NA NA NA 28.345179 NA 0
## 40 0.136014938 0.19367599 0.50223923 32.411434 4.06625557 1
## 41 NA NA NA 21.139679 NA 0
## 42 0.109730721 0.13315201 0.49685383 17.435595 -3.70408440 1
## 43 NA NA NA 11.271585 NA 0
## 44 0.058798790 0.08468723 0.36786652 13.361667 2.09008121 1
## 45 NA NA NA 24.551519 NA 0
## 46 0.014544487 -0.08720875 0.84672451 25.431620 0.88010025 1
## 47 NA NA NA 62.828846 NA 0
## 48 0.059985161 0.08447647 0.49952221 63.231842 0.40299606 1
## 49 NA NA NA 21.750584 NA 0
## 50 0.035792351 0.09400558 0.46206284 22.859598 1.10901451 1
## 51 NA NA NA 32.999279 NA 0
## 52 0.067319870 0.04023075 0.59910297 32.916637 -0.08264160 1
## 53 NA NA NA 20.135790 NA 0
## 54 0.252924919 0.41663742 0.44599819 24.356716 4.22092628 1
## 55 NA NA NA 18.104778 NA 0
## 56 0.091690063 0.27496529 0.65642548 20.779810 2.67503166 1
## 57 NA NA NA 35.774479 NA 0
## 58 0.186144829 0.21974277 0.47990799 32.077682 -3.69679642 1
## 59 NA NA NA 14.536561 NA 0
## 60 0.149462700 0.16862392 0.49547482 15.427250 0.89068890 1
## 61 NA NA NA 12.520516 NA 0
## 62 0.386711121 0.48336220 0.55372334 14.489907 1.96939087 1
## 63 NA NA NA 49.328274 NA 0
## 64 0.044872284 0.09326458 0.89337540 55.384041 6.05576706 1
## 65 NA NA NA 14.339359 NA 0
## 66 0.032673836 0.04937363 0.34910107 17.446232 3.10687256 1
## 67 NA NA NA 12.427031 NA 0
## 68 -0.030570030 -0.01526928 0.54467487 14.465397 2.03836632 1
## 69 NA NA NA 44.224422 NA 0
## 70 0.318735123 0.33603287 0.66090584 39.667862 -4.55656052 1
## 71 NA NA NA 14.740506 NA 0
## 72 2.691002846 0.35107136 0.63974190 13.531854 -1.20865250 1
## 73 NA NA NA 10.980000 NA 0
## 74 0.447655678 0.48097420 0.64522457 14.011954 3.03195381 1
## 75 NA NA NA 29.275322 NA 0
## 76 0.394303322 0.47760677 -0.09861088 27.728365 -1.54695702 1
## 77 NA NA NA 13.902872 NA 0
## 78 0.244819641 0.35220242 0.39480114 16.108271 2.20539856 1
## 79 NA NA NA 18.185764 NA 0
## 80 0.173648834 0.24119091 0.46380043 21.232170 3.04640579 1
## 81 NA NA NA 53.595306 NA 0
## 82 0.175990105 0.19102287 0.47610569 51.086029 -2.50927734 1
## 83 NA NA NA 38.335117 NA 0
## 84 0.017523766 0.01735878 0.43508911 43.735043 5.39992523 1
## 85 NA NA NA 24.535431 NA 0
## 86 0.250732422 0.34098911 0.48107147 22.169075 -2.36635590 1
## 87 NA NA NA 47.292778 NA 0
## 88 0.099560738 0.19546890 0.51069927 40.822334 -6.47044373 1
## 89 NA NA NA 39.238281 NA 0
## 90 0.134428024 0.13663197 0.53305626 35.462608 -3.77567291 1
## 91 NA NA NA 18.157804 NA 0
## 92 0.089249611 0.05654621 0.52821445 19.029192 0.87138748 1
## 93 NA NA NA 10.356170 NA 0
## 94 0.168472290 0.21059513 0.58590508 11.699451 1.34328175 1
## 95 NA NA NA 67.417656 NA 0
## 96 0.106803894 0.11898422 0.62512970 71.209824 3.79216766 1
## 97 NA NA NA 17.119200 NA 0
## 98 0.108348846 0.13058662 0.62771034 17.655937 0.53673744 1
## 99 NA NA NA 13.027481 NA 0
## 100 0.020195961 0.04614449 0.50938797 13.083738 0.05625725 1
## 101 NA NA NA 19.774700 NA 0
## 102 0.395838737 0.46287251 0.61322689 18.244959 -1.52974129 1
## 103 NA NA NA 60.514595 NA 0
## 104 0.401418686 0.46109772 -0.05533886 59.501297 -1.01329803 1
## 105 NA NA NA 13.448174 NA 0
## 106 0.128867149 0.20798683 0.42775917 15.210036 1.76186180 1
## 107 NA NA NA 28.203617 NA 0
## 108 0.198765755 0.30731392 0.30668831 32.359421 4.15580368 1
## 109 NA NA NA 12.722569 NA 0
## 110 0.049426079 0.18392372 0.39662647 15.742832 3.02026367 1
## 111 NA NA NA 29.291462 NA 0
## 112 0.171935081 0.25122356 0.51821995 28.178988 -1.11247444 1
## 113 NA NA NA 36.333458 NA 0
## 114 0.170022011 0.23733044 0.51478767 35.971672 -0.36178589 1
## 115 NA NA NA 23.314215 NA 0
## 116 0.113339424 0.16817379 0.67094517 25.486237 2.17202187 1
## 117 NA NA NA 22.196613 NA 0
## 118 0.038718224 0.08501053 0.28782558 23.938425 1.74181175 1
## 119 NA NA NA 9.941273 NA 0
## 120 -0.084973335 -0.05646706 0.37666512 12.787178 2.84590530 1
## 121 NA NA NA 42.629959 NA 0
## 122 -0.004163742 0.06466389 0.49424362 45.867306 3.23734665 1
## 123 NA NA NA 18.656933 NA 0
## 124 0.140006065 0.22523403 0.53704071 18.713943 0.05701065 1
## 125 NA NA NA 18.720913 NA 0
## 126 0.099147797 0.20280266 0.48905659 19.530224 0.80931091 1
## 127 NA NA NA 21.964529 NA 0
## 128 0.152017593 0.18474674 0.57770824 23.319321 1.35479164 1summary(rental)## city year pop enroll rent
## Min. : 1.00 Min. :80 Min. : 25728 Min. : 5645 Min. :186.0
## 1st Qu.:16.75 1st Qu.:80 1st Qu.: 40927 1st Qu.:11827 1st Qu.:233.5
## Median :32.50 Median :85 Median : 62094 Median :16912 Median :324.0
## Mean :32.50 Mean :85 Mean : 84645 Mean :18459 Mean :331.4
## 3rd Qu.:48.25 3rd Qu.:90 3rd Qu.:101221 3rd Qu.:22752 3rd Qu.:401.5
## Max. :64.00 Max. :90 Max. :632910 Max. :74047 Max. :925.0
##
## rnthsg tothsg avginc lenroll
## Min. : 4062 Min. : 7130 Min. : 9262 Min. : 8.639
## 1st Qu.: 8218 1st Qu.: 14669 1st Qu.:13508 1st Qu.: 9.378
## Median : 11062 Median : 22685 Median :17416 Median : 9.736
## Mean : 16699 Mean : 35667 Mean :18912 Mean : 9.704
## 3rd Qu.: 21224 3rd Qu.: 38863 3rd Qu.:23213 3rd Qu.:10.032
## Max. :137242 Max. :560011 Max. :56307 Max. :11.212
##
## lpop lrent ltothsg lrnthsg
## Min. :10.16 Min. :5.226 Min. : 8.872 Min. : 8.309
## 1st Qu.:10.62 1st Qu.:5.453 1st Qu.: 9.594 1st Qu.: 9.014
## Median :11.04 Median :5.781 Median :10.029 Median : 9.311
## Mean :11.11 Mean :5.746 Mean :10.118 Mean : 9.469
## 3rd Qu.:11.53 3rd Qu.:5.995 3rd Qu.:10.568 3rd Qu.: 9.963
## Max. :13.36 Max. :6.830 Max. :13.236 Max. :11.830
##
## lavginc clenroll clpop clrent
## Min. : 9.134 Min. :-58488 Min. :-0.14944 Min. :0.3928
## 1st Qu.: 9.511 1st Qu.:-22257 1st Qu.: 0.02079 1st Qu.:0.4805
## Median : 9.765 Median :-15646 Median : 0.08977 Median :0.5389
## Mean : 9.788 Mean :-16989 Mean : 0.10933 Mean :0.5597
## 3rd Qu.:10.052 3rd Qu.: -9916 3rd Qu.: 0.16429 3rd Qu.:0.6323
## Max. :10.939 Max. : -5636 Max. : 0.57418 Max. :0.8253
## NA's :64 NA's :64 NA's :64
## cltothsg clrnthsg clavginc pctstu
## Min. :-0.08497 Min. :-0.08721 Min. :-0.09861 Min. : 9.941
## 1st Qu.: 0.06349 1st Qu.: 0.09325 1st Qu.: 0.44327 1st Qu.:16.983
## Median : 0.13194 Median : 0.19235 Median : 0.51519 Median :23.629
## Mean : 0.20153 Mean : 0.21595 Mean : 0.50510 Mean :27.415
## 3rd Qu.: 0.23027 3rd Qu.: 0.30533 3rd Qu.: 0.59018 3rd Qu.:35.541
## Max. : 2.69100 Max. : 0.95832 Max. : 0.89338 Max. :71.210
## NA's :64 NA's :64 NA's :64
## cpctstu y90
## Min. :-7.9788 Min. :0.0
## 1st Qu.:-0.4755 1st Qu.:0.0
## Median : 1.1276 Median :0.5
## Mean : 0.8655 Mean :0.5
## 3rd Qu.: 2.8895 3rd Qu.:1.0
## Max. : 6.0558 Max. :1.0
## NA's :64cor(rental$city , rental$rent)## [1] -0.2139457model1<-lm(rental$city~rental$rent)
model1##
## Call:
## lm(formula = rental$city ~ rental$rent)
##
## Coefficients:
## (Intercept) rental$rent
## 43.49548 -0.03318summary(model1)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = rental$city ~ rental$rent)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -35.959 -16.060 -0.191 15.403 36.165
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 43.49548 4.75265 9.152 1.26e-15 ***
## rental$rent -0.03318 0.01350 -2.458 0.0153 *
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 18.19 on 126 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.04577, Adjusted R-squared: 0.0382
## F-statistic: 6.044 on 1 and 126 DF, p-value: 0.01531#install.packages("stargazer")
library("stargazer")##
## Please cite as:## Hlavac, Marek (2022). stargazer: Well-Formatted Regression and Summary Statistics Tables.## R package version 5.2.3. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=stargazerstargazer(model1, title="regression", type="text", digit=4)##
## regression
## ===============================================
## Dependent variable:
## ---------------------------
## city
## -----------------------------------------------
## rent -0.033**
## (0.013)
##
## Constant 43.495***
## (4.753)
##
## -----------------------------------------------
## Observations 128
## R2 0.046
## Adjusted R2 0.038
## Residual Std. Error 18.188 (df = 126)
## F Statistic 6.044** (df = 1; 126)
## ===============================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01
##
## regression
## =
## 4
## -plot(model1)
anova(model1)## Analysis of Variance Table
##
## Response: rental$city
## Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
## rental$rent 1 1999 1999.3 6.044 0.01531 *
## Residuals 126 41681 330.8
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Interpretation of Ques 3: The correlation between city and rent is -0.214, indicating a weak negative relationship.
The intercept is 43.49548 and the slope (coefficient for rental$rent) is -0.03318 indicating a weak negative relationship between rent and the city value.
t-value is -2.458 indicating that the relationship between rent and city is statistically significant.
Adjusted R-squared is 0.0382, which suggests that rent explains only about 3.82% of the variation in city values. This is a very low value, indicating that rent is not a strong predictor of the city variable.
The F-statistic is 6.044.
The variance of the parameters (coefficients) is captured in the Standard Error of each estimate. For the intercept, it is 4.75265, and for the slope, it is 0.01350
#install.packages("wooldridge")
library("wooldridge")
data("rental")
rental## city year pop enroll rent rnthsg tothsg avginc lenroll lpop
## 1 1 80 75211 15303 197 13475 26167 11537 9.635804 11.22805
## 2 1 90 77759 18017 342 15660 29467 19568 9.799071 11.26137
## 3 2 80 106743 22462 323 14580 37277 19841 10.019580 11.57818
## 4 2 90 141865 29769 496 26895 55540 31885 10.301223 11.86263
## 5 3 80 36608 11847 216 7026 13482 11455 9.379830 10.50802
## 6 3 90 42099 10265 351 9557 16894 21202 9.236495 10.64778
## 7 4 80 36640 13825 267 7896 14041 14682 9.534234 10.50890
## 8 4 90 46209 18173 588 10617 17926 29044 9.807693 10.74093
## 9 5 80 62134 8175 475 5796 21337 31300 9.008836 11.03705
## 10 5 90 110330 18205 925 15112 40257 56307 9.809451 11.61123
## 11 6 80 118550 12223 276 25562 47056 16291 9.411075 11.68309
## 12 6 90 132605 15192 630 26972 50199 35103 9.628524 11.79513
## 13 7 80 76685 20724 302 15185 28674 16744 9.939048 11.24746
## 14 7 90 83312 24809 521 18674 34681 29407 10.118961 11.33035
## 15 8 80 65092 17134 257 10874 23543 15773 9.748820 11.08356
## 16 8 90 87758 21377 422 15943 33689 26826 9.970071 11.38234
## 17 9 80 126109 16009 253 32471 46880 11683 9.680906 11.74490
## 18 9 90 130474 19012 568 33417 48986 25811 9.852825 11.77893
## 19 10 80 81371 24528 242 14782 28307 12586 10.107571 11.30677
## 20 10 90 84770 26027 383 16889 31924 21077 10.166890 11.34770
## 21 11 80 81548 22735 228 17344 30822 11750 10.031661 11.30895
## 22 11 90 124773 33980 444 27655 50442 23453 10.433527 11.73425
## 23 12 80 42549 14863 187 9506 15055 10018 9.606630 10.65841
## 24 12 90 45734 18396 347 11332 17012 14286 9.819888 10.73060
## 25 13 80 58133 19532 243 11014 21238 14894 9.879809 10.97049
## 26 13 90 63502 21070 422 12765 24173 22967 9.955606 11.05883
## 27 14 80 73706 12215 336 14381 27907 21715 9.410420 11.20784
## 28 14 90 73233 14887 636 13682 27954 22346 9.608244 11.20140
## 29 15 80 52044 25719 210 10437 16940 10933 10.154985 10.85985
## 30 15 90 60633 29886 403 13807 20983 18393 10.305145 11.01259
## 31 16 80 77216 13618 195 10533 27465 13459 9.519148 11.25436
## 32 16 90 71305 15799 325 11562 27188 19353 9.667702 11.17472
## 33 17 80 45775 20465 251 7442 14015 16104 9.926472 10.73149
## 34 17 90 47198 21615 404 8728 15613 24636 9.981143 10.76211
## 35 18 80 50508 18299 234 9821 18594 14417 9.814602 10.82989
## 36 18 90 59738 23508 414 12128 21951 24565 10.065096 10.99772
## 37 19 80 52738 19308 248 9717 18773 13180 9.868275 10.87309
## 38 19 90 65608 22508 415 13178 24513 22900 10.021626 11.09145
## 39 20 80 32644 9253 224 6743 12821 13030 9.132703 10.39342
## 40 20 90 37712 12223 396 8184 14689 21531 9.411075 10.53773
## 41 21 80 40450 8551 194 6909 14313 12195 9.053803 10.60782
## 42 21 90 40641 7086 332 7893 15973 20043 8.865876 10.61253
## 43 22 80 219419 24732 239 36118 78581 15158 10.115853 12.29874
## 44 22 90 219531 29333 354 39310 83340 21898 10.286469 12.29925
## 45 23 80 95322 23403 257 29947 38836 14211 10.060619 11.46502
## 46 23 90 95802 24364 538 27446 39405 33140 10.100862 11.47004
## 47 24 80 51392 32289 248 8293 12714 15000 10.382482 10.84724
## 48 24 90 50677 32044 451 9024 13500 24719 10.374866 10.83323
## 49 25 80 79722 17340 232 14092 28375 14620 9.760771 11.28630
## 50 25 90 80277 18351 403 15481 29409 23207 9.817439 11.29324
## 51 26 80 107966 35628 309 22728 38945 18316 10.480887 11.58957
## 52 26 90 109592 36074 568 23661 41657 33344 10.493328 11.60452
## 53 27 80 42566 8571 238 5756 13920 15367 9.056140 10.65881
## 54 27 90 48812 11889 399 8731 17926 24004 9.383368 10.79573
## 55 28 80 40829 7392 197 6509 14517 10983 8.908154 10.61715
## 56 28 90 41882 8703 304 8569 15911 21174 9.071424 10.64261
## 57 29 80 62061 22202 236 11666 21452 13651 10.007937 11.03587
## 58 29 90 69101 22166 382 14533 25841 22059 10.006315 11.14332
## 59 30 80 171932 24993 231 26683 64934 17094 10.126351 12.05485
## 60 30 90 191972 29616 379 31584 75402 28056 10.296070 12.16510
## 61 31 80 45086 5645 215 6423 16165 13593 8.638525 10.71633
## 62 31 90 62126 9002 366 10415 23797 23648 9.105202 11.03692
## 63 32 80 28732 14173 230 6230 9195 10294 9.559094 10.26577
## 64 32 90 29541 16361 493 6839 9617 25152 9.702656 10.29353
## 65 33 80 101727 14587 212 24737 40767 12511 9.587886 11.53005
## 66 33 90 101082 17635 456 25989 42121 17738 9.777641 11.52369
## 67 34 80 170105 21139 210 38869 66961 12321 9.958875 12.04417
## 68 34 90 163860 23703 409 38280 64945 21242 10.073357 12.00677
## 69 35 80 32421 14338 256 5859 10019 15744 9.570668 10.38656
## 70 35 90 38719 15359 489 8199 13780 30489 9.639457 10.56409
## 71 36 80 100831 14863 225 22012 37976 12845 9.606630 11.52120
## 72 36 90 136611 18486 440 31270 560011 24354 9.824769 11.82489
## 73 37 80 150255 16498 255 28181 54851 17022 9.710995 11.92009
## 74 37 90 207951 29138 479 45587 85822 32451 10.279799 12.24506
## 75 38 80 35740 10463 231 6109 11472 13471 9.255601 10.48403
## 76 38 90 44972 12470 374 9849 17017 12206 9.431081 10.71380
## 77 39 80 61383 8534 228 11002 23602 17065 9.051813 11.02489
## 78 39 90 74111 11938 355 15647 30149 25326 9.387482 11.21332
## 79 40 80 43765 7959 216 7468 15577 16009 8.982059 10.68659
## 80 40 90 49425 10494 367 9505 18531 25456 9.258559 10.80821
## 81 41 80 25728 13789 252 4062 7130 13521 9.531627 10.15534
## 82 41 90 28176 14394 393 4917 8502 21766 9.574567 10.24623
## 83 42 80 26164 10030 248 5311 8655 13891 9.213336 10.17214
## 84 42 90 28835 12611 401 5404 8808 21463 9.442325 10.26935
## 85 43 80 68020 16689 244 11109 24831 15555 9.722506 11.12756
## 86 43 90 80071 17751 362 15623 31907 25165 9.784197 11.29067
## 87 44 80 38268 18098 219 7027 12829 11102 9.803556 10.55237
## 88 44 90 36676 14972 354 8544 14172 18501 9.613937 10.50988
## 89 45 80 40960 16072 245 8292 14637 13621 9.684834 10.62035
## 90 45 90 44757 15872 385 9506 16743 23212 9.672312 10.70900
## 91 46 80 105624 19179 249 21538 42323 14959 9.861571 11.56764
## 92 46 90 112669 21440 425 22791 46274 25369 9.973014 11.63221
## 93 47 80 564871 58499 225 111180 217150 14834 10.976765 13.24435
## 94 47 90 632910 74047 422 137242 256996 26651 11.212456 13.35808
## 95 48 80 36130 24358 266 7400 9830 9771 10.100616 10.49488
## 96 48 90 38923 27717 490 8335 10938 18257 10.229801 10.56934
## 97 49 80 101208 17326 203 16366 30436 12393 9.759964 11.52493
## 98 49 90 98052 17312 392 18649 33919 23216 9.759155 11.49325
## 99 50 80 175030 22802 203 33499 68574 11971 10.034603 12.07271
## 100 50 90 165121 21604 332 35081 69973 19923 9.980634 12.01443
## 101 51 80 32845 6495 226 5647 11517 14295 8.778788 10.39956
## 102 51 90 44922 8196 388 8971 17110 26394 9.011401 10.71268
## 103 52 80 37272 22555 282 8798 11967 9789 10.023712 10.52600
## 104 52 90 52456 31212 428 13952 17878 9262 10.348557 10.86773
## 105 53 80 173979 23397 245 25130 60783 15732 10.060363 12.06669
## 106 53 90 186206 28322 381 30940 69143 24130 10.251394 12.13461
## 107 54 80 27149 7657 194 4842 9268 11713 8.943376 10.20910
## 108 54 90 30872 9990 346 6584 11306 15917 9.209340 10.33760
## 109 55 80 101261 12883 207 17571 37578 12007 9.463664 11.52546
## 110 55 90 103590 16308 353 21119 39482 17852 9.699411 11.54820
## 111 56 80 26844 7863 198 4895 9291 12693 8.969923 10.19780
## 112 56 90 32762 9232 328 6293 11034 21312 9.130431 10.39702
## 113 57 80 74108 26926 186 11282 20083 12647 10.200848 11.21328
## 114 57 90 86835 31236 336 14304 23805 21162 10.349326 11.37177
## 115 58 80 37312 8699 243 7415 13107 13048 9.070963 10.52707
## 116 58 90 39127 9972 493 8773 14680 25523 9.207537 10.57457
## 117 59 80 39916 8860 268 8464 15401 13942 9.089302 10.59453
## 118 59 90 40341 9657 469 9215 16009 18592 9.175438 10.60512
## 119 60 80 63684 6331 204 10637 25496 12540 8.753214 11.06169
## 120 60 90 54844 7013 311 10053 23419 18276 8.855521 10.91225
## 121 61 80 27605 11768 220 5000 9628 10994 9.373139 10.22575
## 122 61 90 25879 11870 355 5334 9588 18022 9.381769 10.16119
## 123 62 80 51509 9610 225 7169 18359 14457 9.170560 10.84951
## 124 62 90 56856 10640 352 8980 21118 24735 9.272376 10.94828
## 125 63 80 48347 9051 220 8224 18085 13458 9.110631 10.78616
## 126 63 90 51003 9961 344 10073 19970 21947 9.206432 10.83964
## 127 64 80 170616 37475 243 34108 66451 16510 10.531429 12.04717
## 128 64 90 191262 44601 472 41029 77361 29420 10.705511 12.16140
## lrent ltothsg lrnthsg lavginc clenroll clpop clrent
## 1 5.283204 10.172255 9.508592 9.353314 NA NA NA
## 2 5.834811 10.291026 9.658865 9.881651 -15293.201 0.0333166122 0.5516071
## 3 5.777652 10.526132 9.587406 9.895506 NA NA NA
## 4 6.206576 10.924859 10.199696 10.369891 -22451.699 0.2844514847 0.4289236
## 5 5.375278 9.509110 8.857373 9.346182 NA NA NA
## 6 5.860786 9.734714 9.165030 9.961851 -11837.764 0.1397571564 0.4855080
## 7 5.587249 9.549737 8.974112 9.594378 NA NA NA
## 8 6.376727 9.794007 9.270212 10.276567 -13815.192 0.2320337296 0.7894783
## 9 6.163315 9.968198 8.664924 10.351374 NA NA NA
## 10 6.829794 10.603039 9.623244 10.938574 -8165.190 0.5741825104 0.6664791
## 11 5.620401 10.759093 10.148862 9.698368 NA NA NA
## 12 6.445720 10.823750 10.202555 10.466042 -12213.371 0.1120395660 0.8253188
## 13 5.710427 10.263746 9.628063 9.725795 NA NA NA
## 14 6.255750 10.453947 9.834888 10.288988 -20713.881 0.0828866959 0.5453234
## 15 5.549076 10.066584 9.294130 9.666055 NA NA NA
## 16 6.045005 10.424927 9.676775 10.197126 -17124.029 0.2987813950 0.4959292
## 17 5.533390 10.755346 10.388103 9.365891 NA NA NA
## 18 6.342122 10.799290 10.416820 10.158556 -15999.147 0.0340280533 0.8087320
## 19 5.488938 10.250864 9.601166 9.440340 NA NA NA
## 20 5.948035 10.371114 9.734418 9.955937 -24517.834 0.0409231186 0.4590969
## 21 5.429346 10.335984 9.761002 9.371609 NA NA NA
## 22 6.095825 10.828580 10.227562 10.062754 -22724.566 0.4253044128 0.6664791
## 23 5.231109 9.619466 9.159678 9.212139 NA NA NA
## 24 5.849325 9.741674 9.335386 9.567036 -14853.180 0.0721855164 0.6182160
## 25 5.493062 9.963548 9.306923 9.608714 NA NA NA
## 26 6.045005 10.092992 9.454462 10.041814 -19522.045 0.0883378983 0.5519438
## 27 5.817111 10.236633 9.573663 9.985759 NA NA NA
## 28 6.455199 10.238316 9.523836 10.014402 -12205.392 -0.0064373016 0.6380877
## 29 5.347107 9.737433 9.253113 9.299541 NA NA NA
## 30 5.998937 9.951468 9.532931 9.819725 -25708.695 0.1527490616 0.6518292
## 31 5.273000 10.220668 9.262268 9.507403 NA NA NA
## 32 5.783825 10.210531 9.355479 9.870603 -13608.332 -0.0796403885 0.5108256
## 33 5.525453 9.547883 8.914895 9.686823 NA NA NA
## 34 6.001415 9.655859 9.074291 10.111964 -20455.020 0.0306138992 0.4759617
## 35 5.455321 9.830594 9.192278 9.576163 NA NA NA
## 36 6.025866 9.996568 9.403272 10.109078 -18288.936 0.1678361893 0.5705447
## 37 5.513429 9.840175 9.181632 9.486456 NA NA NA
## 38 6.028278 10.106959 9.486304 10.038892 -19297.979 0.2183609009 0.5148497
## 39 5.411646 9.458839 8.816260 9.475010 NA NA NA
## 40 5.981414 9.594854 9.009936 9.977249 -9243.589 0.1443176270 0.5697684
## 41 5.267858 9.568924 8.840580 9.408781 NA NA NA
## 42 5.805135 9.678655 8.973732 9.905635 -8542.134 0.0047111511 0.5372767
## 43 5.476463 11.271885 10.494547 9.626284 NA NA NA
## 44 5.869297 11.330684 10.579234 9.994150 -24721.713 0.0005102158 0.3928337
## 45 5.549076 10.567103 10.307184 9.561771 NA NA NA
## 46 6.287858 10.581648 10.219975 10.408496 -23392.898 0.0050220490 0.7387824
## 47 5.513429 9.450459 9.023167 9.615806 NA NA NA
## 48 6.111467 9.510445 9.107643 10.115328 -32278.625 -0.0140104294 0.5980387
## 49 5.446737 10.253263 9.553363 9.590146 NA NA NA
## 50 5.998937 10.289056 9.647368 10.052209 -17330.182 0.0069379807 0.5521994
## 51 5.733341 10.569905 10.031353 9.815530 NA NA NA
## 52 6.342122 10.637225 10.071584 10.414633 -35617.508 0.0149478912 0.6087804
## 53 5.472270 9.541082 8.657998 9.639977 NA NA NA
## 54 5.988961 9.794007 9.074636 10.085976 -8561.616 0.1369209290 0.5166907
## 55 5.283204 9.583076 8.780941 9.304104 NA NA NA
## 56 5.717028 9.674766 9.055906 9.960529 -7382.929 0.0254640579 0.4338241
## 57 5.463832 9.973573 9.364434 9.521568 NA NA NA
## 58 5.945421 10.159718 9.584177 10.001476 -22191.994 0.1074514389 0.4815888
## 59 5.442418 11.081126 10.191782 9.746483 NA NA NA
## 60 5.937536 11.230589 10.360406 10.241958 -24982.703 0.1102504730 0.4951186
## 61 5.370638 9.690603 8.767640 9.517310 NA NA NA
## 62 5.902633 10.077314 9.251002 10.071033 -5635.895 0.3205928802 0.5319953
## 63 5.438079 9.126415 8.737132 9.239317 NA NA NA
## 64 6.200509 9.171288 8.830397 10.132692 -14163.297 0.0277671814 0.7624297
## 65 5.356586 10.615628 10.116055 9.434363 NA NA NA
## 66 6.122493 10.648302 10.165429 9.783464 -14577.223 -0.0063610077 0.7659063
## 67 5.347107 11.111866 10.567952 9.419061 NA NA NA
## 68 6.013715 11.081296 10.552683 9.963736 -21128.926 -0.0374040604 0.6666079
## 69 5.545177 9.212238 8.675735 9.664215 NA NA NA
## 70 6.192362 9.530973 9.011767 10.325121 -14328.360 0.1775245667 0.6471848
## 71 5.416101 10.544709 9.999343 9.460710 NA NA NA
## 72 6.086775 13.235712 10.350414 10.100451 -14853.175 0.3036918640 0.6706743
## 73 5.541264 10.912375 10.246404 9.742262 NA NA NA
## 74 6.171700 11.360031 10.727378 10.387486 -16487.721 0.3249692917 0.6304369
## 75 5.442418 9.347665 8.717519 9.508294 NA NA NA
## 76 5.924256 9.741968 9.195126 9.409683 -10453.569 0.2297697067 0.4818382
## 77 5.429346 10.069087 9.305832 9.744785 NA NA NA
## 78 5.872118 10.313907 9.658034 10.139586 -8524.612 0.1884307861 0.4427724
## 79 5.375278 9.653551 8.918383 9.680906 NA NA NA
## 80 5.905362 9.827200 9.159574 10.144707 -7949.741 0.1216220856 0.5300832
## 81 5.529429 8.872066 8.309431 9.511999 NA NA NA
## 82 5.973810 9.048057 8.500454 9.988105 -13779.426 0.0908899307 0.4443808
## 83 5.513429 9.065892 8.577536 9.538997 NA NA NA
## 84 5.993961 9.083416 8.594894 9.974086 -10020.558 0.0972051620 0.4805326
## 85 5.497168 10.119848 9.315511 9.652138 NA NA NA
## 86 5.891644 10.370581 9.656500 10.133209 -16679.215 0.1631126404 0.3944759
## 87 5.389072 9.459463 8.857515 9.314880 NA NA NA
## 88 5.869297 9.559024 9.052984 9.825580 -18088.387 -0.0424909592 0.4802251
## 89 5.501258 9.591308 9.023046 9.519368 NA NA NA
## 90 5.953243 9.725736 9.159678 10.052424 -16062.328 0.0886526108 0.4519849
## 91 5.517453 10.653086 9.977574 9.613069 NA NA NA
## 92 6.052089 10.742335 10.034121 10.141283 -19169.027 0.0645685196 0.5346365
## 93 5.416101 12.288343 11.618906 9.604677 NA NA NA
## 94 6.045005 12.456816 11.829501 10.190582 -58487.789 0.1137313843 0.6289048
## 95 5.583496 9.193194 8.909235 9.187174 NA NA NA
## 96 6.194406 9.299998 9.028219 9.812304 -24347.770 0.0744619370 0.6109095
## 97 5.313206 10.323381 9.702961 9.424887 NA NA NA
## 98 5.971262 10.431730 9.833548 10.052597 -17316.240 -0.0316801071 0.6580558
## 99 5.313206 11.135669 10.419271 9.390243 NA NA NA
## 100 5.805135 11.155865 10.465415 9.899631 -22792.020 -0.0582790375 0.4919286
## 101 5.420535 9.351580 8.638880 9.567665 NA NA NA
## 102 5.961005 9.747418 9.101752 10.180892 -6485.989 0.3131275177 0.5404701
## 103 5.641907 9.389908 9.082280 9.189014 NA NA NA
## 104 6.059123 9.791327 9.543378 9.133676 -22544.652 0.3417320251 0.4172158
## 105 5.501258 11.015065 10.131818 9.663452 NA NA NA
## 106 5.942800 11.143932 10.339805 10.091211 -23386.748 0.0679197311 0.4415412
## 107 5.267858 9.134323 8.485084 9.368455 NA NA NA
## 108 5.846439 9.333089 8.792397 9.675143 -7647.791 0.1285085678 0.5785809
## 109 5.332719 10.534174 9.774005 9.393245 NA NA NA
## 110 5.866468 10.583600 9.957929 9.789871 -12873.301 0.0227394104 0.5337491
## 111 5.288267 9.136802 8.495970 9.448806 NA NA NA
## 112 5.793014 9.308737 8.747193 9.967026 -7853.870 0.1992263794 0.5047464
## 113 5.225747 9.907629 9.330964 9.445175 NA NA NA
## 114 5.817111 10.077651 9.568295 9.959963 -26915.650 0.1584863663 0.5913644
## 115 5.493062 9.480902 8.911261 9.476390 NA NA NA
## 116 6.200509 9.594241 9.079434 10.147335 -8689.792 0.0474977493 0.7074475
## 117 5.590987 9.642188 9.043577 9.542661 NA NA NA
## 118 6.150603 9.680906 9.128588 9.830486 -8850.824 0.0105905533 0.5596156
## 119 5.318120 10.146276 9.272094 9.436679 NA NA NA
## 120 5.739793 10.061303 9.215627 9.813344 -6322.145 -0.1494407654 0.4216728
## 121 5.393628 9.172431 8.517193 9.305105 NA NA NA
## 122 5.872118 9.168267 8.581857 9.799349 -11758.618 -0.0645647049 0.4784904
## 123 5.416101 9.817875 8.877522 9.578934 NA NA NA
## 124 5.863631 9.957881 9.102756 10.115974 -9600.728 0.0987653732 0.4475307
## 125 5.393628 9.802838 9.014812 9.507329 NA NA NA
## 126 5.840641 9.901986 9.217614 9.996386 -9041.794 0.0534801483 0.4470139
## 127 5.493062 11.104220 10.437287 9.711721 NA NA NA
## 128 6.156979 11.256238 10.622034 10.289430 -37464.293 0.1142292023 0.6639175
## cltothsg clrnthsg clavginc pctstu cpctstu y90
## 1 NA NA NA 20.346758 NA 0
## 2 0.118771553 0.15027332 0.52833652 23.170309 2.82355118 1
## 3 NA NA NA 21.043066 NA 0
## 4 0.398727417 0.61228943 0.47438526 20.984034 -0.05903244 1
## 5 NA NA NA 32.361778 NA 0
## 6 0.225603104 0.30765629 0.61566925 24.383001 -7.97877693 1
## 7 NA NA NA 37.731987 NA 0
## 8 0.244270325 0.29610062 0.68218994 39.327835 1.59584808 1
## 9 NA NA NA 13.157047 NA 0
## 10 0.634840965 0.95832062 0.58720016 16.500498 3.34345055 1
## 11 NA NA NA 10.310417 NA 0
## 12 0.064657211 0.05369282 0.76767349 11.456581 1.14616394 1
## 13 NA NA NA 27.024841 NA 0
## 14 0.190200806 0.20682430 0.56319332 29.778423 2.75358200 1
## 15 NA NA NA 26.322742 NA 0
## 16 0.358343124 0.38264465 0.53107166 24.359034 -1.96370888 1
## 17 NA NA NA 12.694573 NA 0
## 18 0.043943405 0.02871704 0.79266548 14.571486 1.87691212 1
## 19 NA NA NA 30.143417 NA 0
## 20 0.120249748 0.13325214 0.51559734 30.703079 0.55966187 1
## 21 NA NA NA 27.879286 NA 0
## 22 0.492595673 0.46656036 0.69114494 27.233456 -0.64583015 1
## 23 NA NA NA 34.931492 NA 0
## 24 0.122208595 0.17570782 0.35489655 40.223904 5.29241180 1
## 25 NA NA NA 33.598816 NA 0
## 26 0.129444122 0.14753914 0.43309975 33.180058 -0.41875839 1
## 27 NA NA NA 16.572599 NA 0
## 28 0.001682281 -0.04982662 0.02864361 20.328268 3.75566864 1
## 29 NA NA NA 49.417801 NA 0
## 30 0.214034081 0.27981853 0.52018356 49.289989 -0.12781143 1
## 31 NA NA NA 17.636242 NA 0
## 32 -0.010136604 0.09321117 0.36319923 22.156931 4.52068901 1
## 33 NA NA NA 44.707809 NA 0
## 34 0.107975960 0.15939617 0.42514133 45.796432 1.08862305 1
## 35 NA NA NA 36.229904 NA 0
## 36 0.165973663 0.21099377 0.53291512 39.351837 3.12193298 1
## 37 NA NA NA 36.611172 NA 0
## 38 0.266784668 0.30467224 0.55243587 34.306793 -2.30437851 1
## 39 NA NA NA 28.345179 NA 0
## 40 0.136014938 0.19367599 0.50223923 32.411434 4.06625557 1
## 41 NA NA NA 21.139679 NA 0
## 42 0.109730721 0.13315201 0.49685383 17.435595 -3.70408440 1
## 43 NA NA NA 11.271585 NA 0
## 44 0.058798790 0.08468723 0.36786652 13.361667 2.09008121 1
## 45 NA NA NA 24.551519 NA 0
## 46 0.014544487 -0.08720875 0.84672451 25.431620 0.88010025 1
## 47 NA NA NA 62.828846 NA 0
## 48 0.059985161 0.08447647 0.49952221 63.231842 0.40299606 1
## 49 NA NA NA 21.750584 NA 0
## 50 0.035792351 0.09400558 0.46206284 22.859598 1.10901451 1
## 51 NA NA NA 32.999279 NA 0
## 52 0.067319870 0.04023075 0.59910297 32.916637 -0.08264160 1
## 53 NA NA NA 20.135790 NA 0
## 54 0.252924919 0.41663742 0.44599819 24.356716 4.22092628 1
## 55 NA NA NA 18.104778 NA 0
## 56 0.091690063 0.27496529 0.65642548 20.779810 2.67503166 1
## 57 NA NA NA 35.774479 NA 0
## 58 0.186144829 0.21974277 0.47990799 32.077682 -3.69679642 1
## 59 NA NA NA 14.536561 NA 0
## 60 0.149462700 0.16862392 0.49547482 15.427250 0.89068890 1
## 61 NA NA NA 12.520516 NA 0
## 62 0.386711121 0.48336220 0.55372334 14.489907 1.96939087 1
## 63 NA NA NA 49.328274 NA 0
## 64 0.044872284 0.09326458 0.89337540 55.384041 6.05576706 1
## 65 NA NA NA 14.339359 NA 0
## 66 0.032673836 0.04937363 0.34910107 17.446232 3.10687256 1
## 67 NA NA NA 12.427031 NA 0
## 68 -0.030570030 -0.01526928 0.54467487 14.465397 2.03836632 1
## 69 NA NA NA 44.224422 NA 0
## 70 0.318735123 0.33603287 0.66090584 39.667862 -4.55656052 1
## 71 NA NA NA 14.740506 NA 0
## 72 2.691002846 0.35107136 0.63974190 13.531854 -1.20865250 1
## 73 NA NA NA 10.980000 NA 0
## 74 0.447655678 0.48097420 0.64522457 14.011954 3.03195381 1
## 75 NA NA NA 29.275322 NA 0
## 76 0.394303322 0.47760677 -0.09861088 27.728365 -1.54695702 1
## 77 NA NA NA 13.902872 NA 0
## 78 0.244819641 0.35220242 0.39480114 16.108271 2.20539856 1
## 79 NA NA NA 18.185764 NA 0
## 80 0.173648834 0.24119091 0.46380043 21.232170 3.04640579 1
## 81 NA NA NA 53.595306 NA 0
## 82 0.175990105 0.19102287 0.47610569 51.086029 -2.50927734 1
## 83 NA NA NA 38.335117 NA 0
## 84 0.017523766 0.01735878 0.43508911 43.735043 5.39992523 1
## 85 NA NA NA 24.535431 NA 0
## 86 0.250732422 0.34098911 0.48107147 22.169075 -2.36635590 1
## 87 NA NA NA 47.292778 NA 0
## 88 0.099560738 0.19546890 0.51069927 40.822334 -6.47044373 1
## 89 NA NA NA 39.238281 NA 0
## 90 0.134428024 0.13663197 0.53305626 35.462608 -3.77567291 1
## 91 NA NA NA 18.157804 NA 0
## 92 0.089249611 0.05654621 0.52821445 19.029192 0.87138748 1
## 93 NA NA NA 10.356170 NA 0
## 94 0.168472290 0.21059513 0.58590508 11.699451 1.34328175 1
## 95 NA NA NA 67.417656 NA 0
## 96 0.106803894 0.11898422 0.62512970 71.209824 3.79216766 1
## 97 NA NA NA 17.119200 NA 0
## 98 0.108348846 0.13058662 0.62771034 17.655937 0.53673744 1
## 99 NA NA NA 13.027481 NA 0
## 100 0.020195961 0.04614449 0.50938797 13.083738 0.05625725 1
## 101 NA NA NA 19.774700 NA 0
## 102 0.395838737 0.46287251 0.61322689 18.244959 -1.52974129 1
## 103 NA NA NA 60.514595 NA 0
## 104 0.401418686 0.46109772 -0.05533886 59.501297 -1.01329803 1
## 105 NA NA NA 13.448174 NA 0
## 106 0.128867149 0.20798683 0.42775917 15.210036 1.76186180 1
## 107 NA NA NA 28.203617 NA 0
## 108 0.198765755 0.30731392 0.30668831 32.359421 4.15580368 1
## 109 NA NA NA 12.722569 NA 0
## 110 0.049426079 0.18392372 0.39662647 15.742832 3.02026367 1
## 111 NA NA NA 29.291462 NA 0
## 112 0.171935081 0.25122356 0.51821995 28.178988 -1.11247444 1
## 113 NA NA NA 36.333458 NA 0
## 114 0.170022011 0.23733044 0.51478767 35.971672 -0.36178589 1
## 115 NA NA NA 23.314215 NA 0
## 116 0.113339424 0.16817379 0.67094517 25.486237 2.17202187 1
## 117 NA NA NA 22.196613 NA 0
## 118 0.038718224 0.08501053 0.28782558 23.938425 1.74181175 1
## 119 NA NA NA 9.941273 NA 0
## 120 -0.084973335 -0.05646706 0.37666512 12.787178 2.84590530 1
## 121 NA NA NA 42.629959 NA 0
## 122 -0.004163742 0.06466389 0.49424362 45.867306 3.23734665 1
## 123 NA NA NA 18.656933 NA 0
## 124 0.140006065 0.22523403 0.53704071 18.713943 0.05701065 1
## 125 NA NA NA 18.720913 NA 0
## 126 0.099147797 0.20280266 0.48905659 19.530224 0.80931091 1
## 127 NA NA NA 21.964529 NA 0
## 128 0.152017593 0.18474674 0.57770824 23.319321 1.35479164 1summary(rental)## city year pop enroll rent
## Min. : 1.00 Min. :80 Min. : 25728 Min. : 5645 Min. :186.0
## 1st Qu.:16.75 1st Qu.:80 1st Qu.: 40927 1st Qu.:11827 1st Qu.:233.5
## Median :32.50 Median :85 Median : 62094 Median :16912 Median :324.0
## Mean :32.50 Mean :85 Mean : 84645 Mean :18459 Mean :331.4
## 3rd Qu.:48.25 3rd Qu.:90 3rd Qu.:101221 3rd Qu.:22752 3rd Qu.:401.5
## Max. :64.00 Max. :90 Max. :632910 Max. :74047 Max. :925.0
##
## rnthsg tothsg avginc lenroll
## Min. : 4062 Min. : 7130 Min. : 9262 Min. : 8.639
## 1st Qu.: 8218 1st Qu.: 14669 1st Qu.:13508 1st Qu.: 9.378
## Median : 11062 Median : 22685 Median :17416 Median : 9.736
## Mean : 16699 Mean : 35667 Mean :18912 Mean : 9.704
## 3rd Qu.: 21224 3rd Qu.: 38863 3rd Qu.:23213 3rd Qu.:10.032
## Max. :137242 Max. :560011 Max. :56307 Max. :11.212
##
## lpop lrent ltothsg lrnthsg
## Min. :10.16 Min. :5.226 Min. : 8.872 Min. : 8.309
## 1st Qu.:10.62 1st Qu.:5.453 1st Qu.: 9.594 1st Qu.: 9.014
## Median :11.04 Median :5.781 Median :10.029 Median : 9.311
## Mean :11.11 Mean :5.746 Mean :10.118 Mean : 9.469
## 3rd Qu.:11.53 3rd Qu.:5.995 3rd Qu.:10.568 3rd Qu.: 9.963
## Max. :13.36 Max. :6.830 Max. :13.236 Max. :11.830
##
## lavginc clenroll clpop clrent
## Min. : 9.134 Min. :-58488 Min. :-0.14944 Min. :0.3928
## 1st Qu.: 9.511 1st Qu.:-22257 1st Qu.: 0.02079 1st Qu.:0.4805
## Median : 9.765 Median :-15646 Median : 0.08977 Median :0.5389
## Mean : 9.788 Mean :-16989 Mean : 0.10933 Mean :0.5597
## 3rd Qu.:10.052 3rd Qu.: -9916 3rd Qu.: 0.16429 3rd Qu.:0.6323
## Max. :10.939 Max. : -5636 Max. : 0.57418 Max. :0.8253
## NA's :64 NA's :64 NA's :64
## cltothsg clrnthsg clavginc pctstu
## Min. :-0.08497 Min. :-0.08721 Min. :-0.09861 Min. : 9.941
## 1st Qu.: 0.06349 1st Qu.: 0.09325 1st Qu.: 0.44327 1st Qu.:16.983
## Median : 0.13194 Median : 0.19235 Median : 0.51519 Median :23.629
## Mean : 0.20153 Mean : 0.21595 Mean : 0.50510 Mean :27.415
## 3rd Qu.: 0.23027 3rd Qu.: 0.30533 3rd Qu.: 0.59018 3rd Qu.:35.541
## Max. : 2.69100 Max. : 0.95832 Max. : 0.89338 Max. :71.210
## NA's :64 NA's :64 NA's :64
## cpctstu y90
## Min. :-7.9788 Min. :0.0
## 1st Qu.:-0.4755 1st Qu.:0.0
## Median : 1.1276 Median :0.5
## Mean : 0.8655 Mean :0.5
## 3rd Qu.: 2.8895 3rd Qu.:1.0
## Max. : 6.0558 Max. :1.0
## NA's :64model2<-lm(rental$city~rental$rent+rental$avginc)
model2##
## Call:
## lm(formula = rental$city ~ rental$rent + rental$avginc)
##
## Coefficients:
## (Intercept) rental$rent rental$avginc
## 43.8177774 -0.0244918 -0.0001693summary(model2)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = rental$city ~ rental$rent + rental$avginc)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -36.040 -16.206 0.133 15.539 36.722
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 43.8177774 4.8603230 9.015 2.84e-15 ***
## rental$rent -0.0244918 0.0286297 -0.855 0.394
## rental$avginc -0.0001693 0.0004915 -0.344 0.731
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 18.25 on 125 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.04668, Adjusted R-squared: 0.03142
## F-statistic: 3.06 on 2 and 125 DF, p-value: 0.05041#install.packages("stargazer")
library("stargazer")
stargazer(model2, title="regression", type="text", digit=4)##
## regression
## ===============================================
## Dependent variable:
## ---------------------------
## city
## -----------------------------------------------
## rent -0.024
## (0.029)
##
## avginc -0.0002
## (0.0005)
##
## Constant 43.818***
## (4.860)
##
## -----------------------------------------------
## Observations 128
## R2 0.047
## Adjusted R2 0.031
## Residual Std. Error 18.252 (df = 125)
## F Statistic 3.060* (df = 2; 125)
## ===============================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01
##
## regression
## =
## 4
## -plot(model2)
anova(model2)## Analysis of Variance Table
##
## Response: rental$city
## Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
## rental$rent 1 1999 1999.35 6.0017 0.01568 *
## rental$avginc 1 40 39.51 0.1186 0.73114
## Residuals 125 41641 333.13
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Interpretation of Ques 4: In Model 1, the intercept is 43.50, and the slope of rent is -0.033, which is statistically significant. However in Model 2, the intercept is 43.82, with a rent slope of -0.024 and an avginc slope of -0.00017.
The variance of the parameters and error terms, in Model 1, the standard error for rent is 0.0135, and the residual standard error is 18.19. In Model 2, the standard errors increase slightly (rent = 0.0286, avginc = 0.00049), and the residual standard error also slightly increases to 18.25, showing a minor decline in model precision.
For the t-tests and p-values, Model 1 shows that rent is statistically significant (t = -2.46, p = 0.015), meaning it’s a meaningful predictor. In contrast, Model 2 shows that neither rent (t = -0.86, p = 0.394) nor avginc (t = -0.34, p = 0.731) are significant.
In terms of R-squared values, Model 1 has an R² of 0.046 and an Adjusted R² of 0.038, indicating that the model explains about 4.6% of the variance in the city variable. Model 2 has a nearly identical R² of 0.047, but the Adjusted R² drops to 0.031, reflecting that the addition of avginc did not improve model fit — in fact, it slightly worsened it when accounting for the number of predictors.
Finally, the F-test in Model 1 is F = 6.04 with a p-value of 0.015, showing the overall model is statistically significant. In Model 2, the F = 3.06 with a p-value of 0.050, which is only marginally significant, indicating that the second model barely meets the threshold for being considered statistically reliable.