Final Project

library(readr)
library(dplyr)

## 
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'

## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter, lag

## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
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##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union

library(ggplot2)
library(plotly)

## 
## Attaching package: 'plotly'

## The following object is masked from 'package:ggplot2':
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##     last_plot

## The following object is masked from 'package:stats':
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## The following object is masked from 'package:graphics':
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##     layout

library(gganimate)
library(transformr)
library(gifski)
library(av)

Indicators <- read_csv("Economic Indicators.csv")

## Rows: 304 Columns: 6
## ── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Delimiter: ","
## chr (1): Country
## dbl (5): Year, GDP (in billion USD), Inflation Rate (%), Unemployment Rate (...
## 
## ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
## ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.

head(Indicators)

## # A tibble: 6 × 6
##   Country  Year `GDP (in billion USD)` `Inflation Rate (%)`
##   <chr>   <dbl>                  <dbl>                <dbl>
## 1 USA      2010                  15000                 1.64
## 2 USA      2011                  15500                 3.16
## 3 USA      2012                  16000                 2.07
## 4 USA      2013                  16500                 1.5 
## 5 USA      2014                  17000                 1.62
## 6 USA      2015                  17500                 0.12
## # ℹ 2 more variables: `Unemployment Rate (%)` <dbl>,
## #   `Economic Growth (%)` <dbl>

Dataset Overview

The dataset contains information on macroeconomic indicators for multiple countries over several years. Here are the variables:

• Country: Country name (character)
• Year: Observation year (numeric)
• GDP (in billion USD): Country’s GDP (numeric)
• Inflation Rate (%): Annual inflation rate (numeric)
• Unemployment Rate (%): Unemployment rate (numeric)
• Economic Growth (%): Annual growth rate (numeric)

Statistic Visualisation

# Subset for emerging market countries
selected_countries <- c("Bangladesh", "India", "Indonesia", "Malaysia", 
                        "Pakistan", "Vietnam")

FilteredIndicators <- Indicators %>%
  filter(Country %in% selected_countries)

Plot 1: GDP Trends Over Time

ggplot(FilteredIndicators, aes(x = Year, y = `GDP (in billion USD)`, color = Country)) +
  geom_line(linewidth = 1.0) +
  labs(title = "GDP Trends (2010-2025)", 
       subtitle = "Emerging Markets",
       x = "Year", 
       y = "GDP (in Billion USD)", 
       color = "Country") +
  theme_minimal()

This line chart compares the trends in GDP of emerging economies in South Asia over the period of 2010 to 2025. India has notably the highest GDP as well as the highest and the most linear growth rate among the 5 countries, followed by Indonesia with a more fluctating growth. Bangladesh, Malaysia and Pakistan has had a similar size of GDP with comparable rates of growth.

Plot 2: Inflation Rate (%) Over Time

ggplot(FilteredIndicators, aes(x = Year, y = `Inflation Rate (%)`, color = Country)) +
  geom_line(linewidth = 1) +
  labs(
    title = "Inflation Trends (2010–2025)",
    subtitle = "Emerging Markets",
    x = "Year",
    y = "Inflation Rate (%)",
    color = "Country"
    ) +
  theme_light()

This line chart depicts the rates of Inflation in emerging economies in South Asia over the period of 2010 to 2025. It can be noted that Pakistan historically and currently has the highest rate of inflation, sitting at around 25% in 2025. The other four economies have has similarly fluatuating rates around the 5% mark.

Interactive Plot

Plot 1: GDP Trends Over Time

p1 <- ggplot(FilteredIndicators, aes(x = Year, y = `GDP (in billion USD)`, color = Country)) +
  geom_line(linewidth = 1.0) +
  labs(title = "GDP Trends (2010–2025)", 
       subtitle = "Emerging Markets",
       x = "Year", 
       y = "GDP (in Billion USD)", 
       color = "Country") +
  theme_minimal()

ggplotly(p1)

This is an interactive chart depicting the GDP trends over time categorised by country.

Plot: 2: Inflation Rates over time

p2 <- ggplot(FilteredIndicators, aes(x = Year, y = `Inflation Rate (%)`, color = Country)) +
  geom_line(linewidth = 1) +
  labs(
    title = "Inflation Trends (2010–2025)",
    subtitle = "Emerging Markets",
    x = "Year",
    y = "Inflation Rate (%)",
    color = "Country"
  ) +
  theme_light()

ggplotly(p2)

This is an interactive chart depicting the GDP trends over time categorised by country.

Animated Chart

Animated_GDP <- ggplot(FilteredIndicators, aes(x = `Economic Growth (%)`,
                                                y = Country,
                                                color = Country)) +
  geom_point(size = 6, alpha = 0.8) +
  labs(
    title = "Economic Growth Rates Over Time: {frame_time}",
    x = "Economic Growth (%)",
    y = "Country"
  ) +
  xlim(0, NA) +
  transition_time(Year) +
  ease_aes('linear') +
  theme_minimal(base_size = 14) +
  theme(legend.position = "none")

Animated_GDP
animate(Animated_GDP, fps = 5, renderer = gifski_renderer())

This is an animation that depicts the economic growth rates over the period of 2010 to 2025, categoried by country.