Muestreo_cienaga
Miguel Cabrera
2025-04-03
Análisis de resultados de muestreo
library(tidyverse)## ── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
## ✔ dplyr 1.1.4 ✔ readr 2.1.5
## ✔ forcats 1.0.0 ✔ stringr 1.5.1
## ✔ ggplot2 3.5.1 ✔ tibble 3.2.1
## ✔ lubridate 1.9.4 ✔ tidyr 1.3.1
## ✔ purrr 1.0.2
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
## ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errorslibrary(skimr)
library(readxl)
library(GGally)## Warning: package 'GGally' was built under R version 4.4.3## Registered S3 method overwritten by 'GGally':
## method from
## +.gg ggplot2Cargue y procesamiento de datos
datos = read_excel("Muestreo.xlsx")
datos## # A tibble: 12 × 19
## Muestra Epoca Oxigeno_disuelto pH Salinidad Conductividad Temperatura
## <chr> <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 M1 Seca 7.46 7.99 37.3 56.5 20.7
## 2 M2 Seca 8 7.99 37.3 56.5 20.1
## 3 M3 Seca 8.55 8.17 36.1 54.6 19.8
## 4 M4 Seca 7.72 8.01 36.2 55 20.9
## 5 M5 Seca 9.22 7.68 36.3 55.6 17.9
## 6 M6 Seca 7.4 7.79 36.7 55.7 20.8
## 7 M1 Humeda 9.73 7.61 31.6 48.8 21.9
## 8 M2 Humeda 9.91 7.71 28.3 44 22.6
## 9 M3 Humeda 10.7 7.94 31.6 48.6 23.3
## 10 M4 Humeda 9.98 7.83 32.1 49.2 23.3
## 11 M5 Humeda 10.7 7.43 31 47.6 23.4
## 12 M6 Humeda 10.2 7.36 32.7 49.9 23.4
## # ℹ 12 more variables: Fe <dbl>, NO3 <dbl>, NO2 <dbl>, MO6 <dbl>, Zn <dbl>,
## # Mn <dbl>, DBO <dbl>, Turbiedad <dbl>, Cl2 <dbl>, Cr6 <dbl>, SO42 <dbl>,
## # PO4 <dbl>Resumen estadístico de Seca
datos %>%
filter(Epoca == "Seca") %>%
skim()| Name | Piped data |
| Number of rows | 6 |
| Number of columns | 19 |
| _______________________ | |
| Column type frequency: | |
| character | 2 |
| numeric | 17 |
| ________________________ | |
| Group variables | None |
Variable type: character
| skim_variable | n_missing | complete_rate | min | max | empty | n_unique | whitespace |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muestra | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| Epoca | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Variable type: numeric
| skim_variable | n_missing | complete_rate | mean | sd | p0 | p25 | p50 | p75 | p100 | hist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oxigeno_disuelto | 0 | 1 | 8.06 | 0.71 | 7.40 | 7.52 | 7.86 | 8.41 | 9.22 | ▇▂▁▂▂ |
| pH | 0 | 1 | 7.94 | 0.17 | 7.68 | 7.84 | 7.99 | 8.01 | 8.17 | ▂▂▁▇▂ |
| Salinidad | 0 | 1 | 36.65 | 0.54 | 36.10 | 36.23 | 36.50 | 37.15 | 37.30 | ▇▁▂▁▅ |
| Conductividad | 0 | 1 | 55.65 | 0.77 | 54.60 | 55.15 | 55.65 | 56.30 | 56.50 | ▃▃▇▁▇ |
| Temperatura | 0 | 1 | 20.03 | 1.13 | 17.90 | 19.88 | 20.40 | 20.78 | 20.90 | ▂▁▁▅▇ |
| Fe | 0 | 1 | 0.33 | 0.40 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.17 | 0.42 | 1.08 | ▇▁▂▁▂ |
| NO3 | 0 | 1 | 0.52 | 0.28 | 0.20 | 0.32 | 0.45 | 0.73 | 0.90 | ▇▃▃▁▇ |
| NO2 | 0 | 1 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.04 | ▇▁▁▁▃ |
| MO6 | 0 | 1 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.10 | ▂▁▁▇▂ |
| Zn | 0 | 1 | -0.02 | 0.28 | -0.50 | -0.05 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.34 | ▃▁▇▇▃ |
| Mn | 0 | 1 | 17.68 | 2.24 | 13.50 | 17.42 | 18.15 | 19.02 | 19.80 | ▂▁▁▇▅ |
| DBO | 0 | 1 | 6.58 | 5.56 | 0.00 | 1.40 | 8.45 | 11.30 | 11.30 | ▅▁▂▁▇ |
| Turbiedad | 0 | 1 | 2.68 | 1.87 | 1.10 | 1.48 | 1.93 | 3.36 | 5.99 | ▇▁▂▁▂ |
| Cl2 | 0 | 1 | 22.62 | 1.39 | 21.13 | 21.57 | 22.30 | 23.61 | 24.60 | ▇▃▃▃▃ |
| Cr6 | 0 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.07 | ▇▁▃▇▃ |
| SO42 | 0 | 1 | 94.00 | 25.35 | 43.00 | 98.50 | 104.00 | 105.75 | 110.00 | ▂▁▁▁▇ |
| PO4 | 0 | 1 | 0.60 | 0.11 | 0.49 | 0.51 | 0.56 | 0.69 | 0.74 | ▇▇▁▁▇ |
Resumen estadístico durante la época Humeda
datos %>%
filter(Epoca == "Humeda") %>%
skim()| Name | Piped data |
| Number of rows | 6 |
| Number of columns | 19 |
| _______________________ | |
| Column type frequency: | |
| character | 2 |
| numeric | 17 |
| ________________________ | |
| Group variables | None |
Variable type: character
| skim_variable | n_missing | complete_rate | min | max | empty | n_unique | whitespace |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muestra | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| Epoca | 0 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Variable type: numeric
| skim_variable | n_missing | complete_rate | mean | sd | p0 | p25 | p50 | p75 | p100 | hist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oxigeno_disuelto | 0 | 1 | 10.20 | 0.41 | 9.73 | 9.93 | 10.09 | 10.56 | 10.69 | ▇▃▃▁▇ |
| pH | 0 | 1 | 7.65 | 0.23 | 7.36 | 7.47 | 7.66 | 7.80 | 7.94 | ▇▁▃▃▇ |
| Salinidad | 0 | 1 | 31.22 | 1.54 | 28.30 | 31.15 | 31.60 | 31.98 | 32.70 | ▂▁▁▇▅ |
| Conductividad | 0 | 1 | 48.02 | 2.11 | 44.00 | 47.85 | 48.70 | 49.10 | 49.90 | ▂▁▁▅▇ |
| Temperatura | 0 | 1 | 22.98 | 0.61 | 21.90 | 22.78 | 23.30 | 23.37 | 23.40 | ▂▁▂▁▇ |
| Fe | 0 | 1 | 0.19 | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.16 | 0.26 | 0.40 | ▇▇▁▃▃ |
| NO3 | 0 | 1 | 4.47 | 0.76 | 3.80 | 3.95 | 4.20 | 4.75 | 5.80 | ▇▂▂▁▂ |
| NO2 | 0 | 1 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | ▃▁▁▁▇ |
| MO6 | 6 | 0 | NaN | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Zn | 0 | 1 | 0.18 | 0.03 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.22 | ▃▃▃▇▃ |
| Mn | 0 | 1 | 4.13 | 2.64 | 0.70 | 2.70 | 3.55 | 6.27 | 7.40 | ▃▇▃▁▇ |
| DBO | 6 | 0 | NaN | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Turbiedad | 0 | 1 | 3.19 | 1.25 | 1.83 | 2.16 | 3.05 | 4.20 | 4.79 | ▇▃▃▁▇ |
| Cl2 | 0 | 1 | 19.17 | 1.55 | 16.66 | 18.89 | 19.25 | 19.50 | 21.49 | ▂▁▇▁▂ |
| Cr6 | 6 | 0 | NaN | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| SO42 | 0 | 1 | 93.00 | 2.37 | 90.00 | 91.25 | 93.00 | 94.75 | 96.00 | ▇▃▁▃▇ |
| PO4 | 0 | 1 | 1.07 | 0.86 | 0.30 | 0.45 | 0.78 | 1.48 | 2.53 | ▇▂▁▂▂ |
Correlación
datos %>%
drop_na() %>%
select_if(is.numeric) %>%
cor() %>%
round(2)## Oxigeno_disuelto pH Salinidad Conductividad Temperatura
## Oxigeno_disuelto 1.00 -0.24 -0.51 -0.35 -0.95
## pH -0.24 1.00 -0.02 -0.29 0.49
## Salinidad -0.51 -0.02 1.00 0.95 0.33
## Conductividad -0.35 -0.29 0.95 1.00 0.10
## Temperatura -0.95 0.49 0.33 0.10 1.00
## Fe 0.23 0.71 -0.17 -0.38 -0.01
## NO3 0.22 -0.26 0.24 0.40 -0.36
## NO2 0.18 -0.87 -0.24 -0.05 -0.36
## MO6 0.31 0.30 0.16 0.19 -0.28
## Zn 0.53 0.24 0.15 0.19 -0.45
## Mn -0.17 -0.69 0.11 0.32 0.00
## DBO -0.43 -0.40 0.88 0.91 0.16
## Turbiedad 0.52 -0.71 0.11 0.38 -0.74
## Cl2 -0.09 -0.08 0.84 0.89 -0.07
## Cr6 -0.01 0.42 -0.08 -0.12 0.07
## SO42 0.29 -0.06 -0.49 -0.48 -0.16
## PO4 -0.61 -0.34 0.67 0.65 0.36
## Fe NO3 NO2 MO6 Zn Mn DBO Turbiedad Cl2
## Oxigeno_disuelto 0.23 0.22 0.18 0.31 0.53 -0.17 -0.43 0.52 -0.09
## pH 0.71 -0.26 -0.87 0.30 0.24 -0.69 -0.40 -0.71 -0.08
## Salinidad -0.17 0.24 -0.24 0.16 0.15 0.11 0.88 0.11 0.84
## Conductividad -0.38 0.40 -0.05 0.19 0.19 0.32 0.91 0.38 0.89
## Temperatura -0.01 -0.36 -0.36 -0.28 -0.45 0.00 0.16 -0.74 -0.07
## Fe 1.00 -0.49 -0.45 0.02 0.23 -0.94 -0.31 -0.51 -0.23
## NO3 -0.49 1.00 -0.15 0.79 0.33 0.28 0.13 0.80 0.51
## NO2 -0.45 -0.15 1.00 -0.65 -0.55 0.44 0.24 0.38 -0.35
## MO6 0.02 0.79 -0.65 1.00 0.70 -0.13 -0.18 0.43 0.51
## Zn 0.23 0.33 -0.55 0.70 1.00 -0.10 -0.14 0.23 0.61
## Mn -0.94 0.28 0.44 -0.13 -0.10 1.00 0.24 0.36 0.23
## DBO -0.31 0.13 0.24 -0.18 -0.14 0.24 1.00 0.27 0.64
## Turbiedad -0.51 0.80 0.38 0.43 0.23 0.36 0.27 1.00 0.39
## Cl2 -0.23 0.51 -0.35 0.51 0.61 0.23 0.64 0.39 1.00
## Cr6 0.00 0.66 -0.56 0.77 0.12 -0.24 -0.35 0.18 0.02
## SO42 0.24 -0.74 0.28 -0.57 0.09 0.08 -0.36 -0.41 -0.39
## PO4 -0.34 0.11 0.33 -0.30 -0.58 0.14 0.85 0.16 0.25
## Cr6 SO42 PO4
## Oxigeno_disuelto -0.01 0.29 -0.61
## pH 0.42 -0.06 -0.34
## Salinidad -0.08 -0.49 0.67
## Conductividad -0.12 -0.48 0.65
## Temperatura 0.07 -0.16 0.36
## Fe 0.00 0.24 -0.34
## NO3 0.66 -0.74 0.11
## NO2 -0.56 0.28 0.33
## MO6 0.77 -0.57 -0.30
## Zn 0.12 0.09 -0.58
## Mn -0.24 0.08 0.14
## DBO -0.35 -0.36 0.85
## Turbiedad 0.18 -0.41 0.16
## Cl2 0.02 -0.39 0.25
## Cr6 1.00 -0.74 -0.10
## SO42 -0.74 1.00 -0.55
## PO4 -0.10 -0.55 1.00datos %>%
select(Fe, Mn, DBO, Cl2, pH, Salinidad, Temperatura, Conductividad) %>%
drop_na() %>%
ggpairs(
upper = list(continuous = wrap("cor", size = 3)),
lower = list(continuous = wrap("smooth", alpha = 0.3)),
diag = list(continuous = wrap("densityDiag"))
) 
Gráfica para análisis bivariado general
datos %>%
pivot_longer(
cols = -c(Muestra, Epoca),
names_to = "Variable",
values_to = "Valor"
)%>%
ggplot(aes(x = Epoca, y = Valor, fill = Epoca)) +
geom_boxplot() +
facet_wrap(~ Variable, scales = "free_y")## Warning: Removed 18 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_boxplot()`).
Gráfico individual
datos %>%
ggplot(aes(y = Epoca, x = Cl2, fill = Epoca))+
geom_boxplot()+
scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Pastel2")
datos %>%
ggplot(aes(y = Epoca, x = Conductividad, fill = Epoca))+
geom_boxplot()+
scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Pastel2")
datos %>%
ggplot(aes(y = Epoca, x = Fe, fill = Epoca))+
geom_boxplot()+
scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Pastel2")
datos %>%
ggplot(aes(y = Epoca, x = Mn, fill = Epoca))+
geom_boxplot()+
scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Pastel2")
datos %>%
ggplot(aes(y = Epoca, x = NO2, fill = Epoca))+
geom_boxplot()+
scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Pastel2")
datos %>%
ggplot(aes(y = Epoca, x =NO3, fill = Epoca))+
geom_boxplot()+
scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Pastel2")
datos %>%
ggplot(aes(y = Epoca, x = Oxigeno_disuelto, fill = Epoca))+
geom_boxplot()+
scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Pastel2")
datos %>%
ggplot(aes(y = Epoca, x = pH, fill = Epoca))+
geom_boxplot()+
scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Pastel2")
datos %>%
ggplot(aes(y = Epoca, x = PO4, fill = Epoca))+
geom_boxplot()+
scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Pastel2")
datos %>%
ggplot(aes(y = Epoca, x = Salinidad, fill = Epoca))+
geom_boxplot()+
scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Pastel2")
datos %>%
ggplot(aes(y = Epoca, x = SO42, fill = Epoca))+
geom_boxplot()+
scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Pastel2")
datos %>%
ggplot(aes(y = Epoca, x = Temperatura, fill = Epoca))+
geom_boxplot()+
scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Pastel2")
datos %>%
ggplot(aes(y = Epoca, x = Turbiedad, fill = Epoca))+
geom_boxplot()+
scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Pastel2")
datos %>%
ggplot(aes(y = Epoca, x = Zn, fill = Epoca))+
geom_boxplot()+
scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Pastel2")