flights |>
group_by(origin) |>
summarise(n=n(),depm=mean(dep_delay,na.rm=T))# A tibble: 3 × 3
origin n depm
<chr> <int> <dbl>
1 EWR 120835 15.1
2 JFK 111279 12.1
3 LGA 104662 10.3
利用nycflights13包的flights数据集是2013年从纽约三大机场(JFK、LGA、EWR)起飞的所有航班的准点数据,共336776条记录。
计算纽约三大机场2013起飞航班数和平均延误时间(可使用group_by, summarise函数)
flights |>
group_by(origin) |>
summarise(n=n(),depm=mean(dep_delay,na.rm=T))# A tibble: 3 × 3
origin n depm
<chr> <int> <dbl>
1 EWR 120835 15.1
2 JFK 111279 12.1
3 LGA 104662 10.3
计算不同航空公司2013从纽约起飞航班数和平均延误时间
flights |>
group_by(carrier) |>
summarise(n=n(),depm=mean(dep_delay,na.rm=T)) |>
arrange(desc(n))# A tibble: 16 × 3
carrier n depm
<chr> <int> <dbl>
1 UA 58665 12.1
2 B6 54635 13.0
3 EV 54173 20.0
4 DL 48110 9.26
5 AA 32729 8.59
6 MQ 26397 10.6
7 US 20536 3.78
8 9E 18460 16.7
9 WN 12275 17.7
10 VX 5162 12.9
11 FL 3260 18.7
12 AS 714 5.80
13 F9 685 20.2
14 YV 601 19.0
15 HA 342 4.90
16 OO 32 12.6
计算纽约三大机场排名前三个目的地和平均飞行距离(可使用group_by, summarise, arrange, slice_max函数)
flights |>
group_by(origin,dest) |>
summarise(n=n(),depm=mean(distance)) |>
slice_max(n,n=3)`summarise()` has grouped output by 'origin'. You can override using the
`.groups` argument.
# A tibble: 9 × 4
# Groups: origin [3]
origin dest n depm
<chr> <chr> <int> <dbl>
1 EWR ORD 6100 719
2 EWR BOS 5327 200
3 EWR SFO 5127 2565
4 JFK LAX 11262 2475
5 JFK SFO 8204 2586
6 JFK BOS 5898 187
7 LGA ATL 10263 762
8 LGA ORD 8857 733
9 LGA CLT 6168 544
代码含义:对鸢尾花数据集按物种和萼片相关列排序
数据按物种Species分组,组内按所有萼片相关列Sepal.Length和Sepal.Width降序排列。(例如,同一物种中萼片长度和宽度较大的观测值靠前)。
tibble(iris) %>%
arrange(Species,across(starts_with("Sepal"), desc))# A tibble: 150 × 5
Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
<dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <fct>
1 5.8 4 1.2 0.2 setosa
2 5.7 4.4 1.5 0.4 setosa
3 5.7 3.8 1.7 0.3 setosa
4 5.5 4.2 1.4 0.2 setosa
5 5.5 3.5 1.3 0.2 setosa
6 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 setosa
7 5.4 3.9 1.3 0.4 setosa
8 5.4 3.7 1.5 0.2 setosa
9 5.4 3.4 1.7 0.2 setosa
10 5.4 3.4 1.5 0.4 setosa
# ℹ 140 more rows
代码含义:筛选质量高于性别平均值的星球大战角色,
starwars %>%
group_by(gender) %>%
filter(mass > mean(mass, na.rm = TRUE))# A tibble: 15 × 14
# Groups: gender [3]
name height mass hair_color skin_color eye_color birth_year sex gender
<chr> <int> <dbl> <chr> <chr> <chr> <dbl> <chr> <chr>
1 Darth … 202 136 none white yellow 41.9 male mascu…
2 Owen L… 178 120 brown, gr… light blue 52 male mascu…
3 Beru W… 165 75 brown light blue 47 fema… femin…
4 Chewba… 228 112 brown unknown blue 200 male mascu…
5 Jabba … 175 1358 <NA> green-tan… orange 600 herm… mascu…
6 Jek To… 180 110 brown fair blue NA <NA> <NA>
7 IG-88 200 140 none metal red 15 none mascu…
8 Bossk 190 113 none green red 53 male mascu…
9 Ayla S… 178 55 none blue hazel 48 fema… femin…
10 Gregar… 185 85 black dark brown NA <NA> <NA>
11 Lumina… 170 56.2 black yellow blue 58 fema… femin…
12 Zam We… 168 55 blonde fair, gre… yellow NA fema… femin…
13 Shaak … 178 57 none red, blue… black NA fema… femin…
14 Grievo… 216 159 none brown, wh… green, y… NA male mascu…
15 Tarfful 234 136 brown brown blue NA male mascu…
# ℹ 5 more variables: homeworld <chr>, species <chr>, films <list>,
# vehicles <list>, starships <list>
代码含义:将星球大战数据中的分类列转换为因子
starwars %>%
select(name, homeworld, species) %>%
mutate(across(!name, as.factor))# A tibble: 87 × 3
name homeworld species
<chr> <fct> <fct>
1 Luke Skywalker Tatooine Human
2 C-3PO Tatooine Droid
3 R2-D2 Naboo Droid
4 Darth Vader Tatooine Human
5 Leia Organa Alderaan Human
6 Owen Lars Tatooine Human
7 Beru Whitesun Lars Tatooine Human
8 R5-D4 Tatooine Droid
9 Biggs Darklighter Tatooine Human
10 Obi-Wan Kenobi Stewjon Human
# ℹ 77 more rows
代码含义:按引擎类型分组并创建马力区间分组
tibble(mtcars) %>%
group_by(vs) %>%
mutate(hp_cut = cut(hp, 3)) %>%
group_by(hp_cut)# A tibble: 32 × 12
# Groups: hp_cut [6]
mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb hp_cut
<dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <fct>
1 21 6 160 110 3.9 2.62 16.5 0 1 4 4 (90.8,172]
2 21 6 160 110 3.9 2.88 17.0 0 1 4 4 (90.8,172]
3 22.8 4 108 93 3.85 2.32 18.6 1 1 4 1 (75.7,99.3]
4 21.4 6 258 110 3.08 3.22 19.4 1 0 3 1 (99.3,123]
5 18.7 8 360 175 3.15 3.44 17.0 0 0 3 2 (172,254]
6 18.1 6 225 105 2.76 3.46 20.2 1 0 3 1 (99.3,123]
7 14.3 8 360 245 3.21 3.57 15.8 0 0 3 4 (172,254]
8 24.4 4 147. 62 3.69 3.19 20 1 0 4 2 (51.9,75.7]
9 22.8 4 141. 95 3.92 3.15 22.9 1 0 4 2 (75.7,99.3]
10 19.2 6 168. 123 3.92 3.44 18.3 1 0 4 4 (99.3,123]
# ℹ 22 more rows
阅读 https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate-joins.html 内容,说明4个数据集链接函数函数的作用。分别举一个实际例子演示并解释其输出结果。
inner_join() :返回两个数据集中键(key)完全匹配的行,相当于取两个数据集的交集
library(dplyr)
# 创建两个数据集
students <- tibble(id = 1:3, name = c("Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"))
courses <- tibble(id = 2:4, course = c("Math", "Physics", "Chemistry"))
# 内连接:仅保留id匹配的行
result <- inner_join(students, courses, by = "id")
result# A tibble: 2 × 3
id name course
<int> <chr> <chr>
1 2 Bob Math
2 3 Charlie Physics
# 输出:
# id name course
# 1 2 Bob Math
# 2 3 Charlie Physics
#解释:id=1 和 id=4 在对方数据集中不存在,因此被排除。仅保留 id=2 和 id=3 的匹配行。left_join() :保留左侧数据集的所有行,右侧无匹配的行用 NA 填充。
result <- left_join(students, courses, by = "id")
result# A tibble: 3 × 3
id name course
<int> <chr> <chr>
1 1 Alice <NA>
2 2 Bob Math
3 3 Charlie Physics
# 输出:
# id name course
# 1 1 Alice NA
# 2 2 Bob Math
# 3 3 Charlie Physics
#解释:左侧 students 的所有行(id=1,2,3)均保留。id=1 在 courses 中无匹配,因此 course 为 NA。right_join() :保留右侧数据集的所有行,左侧无匹配的行用 NA 填充
result <- right_join(students, courses, by = "id")
result# A tibble: 3 × 3
id name course
<int> <chr> <chr>
1 2 Bob Math
2 3 Charlie Physics
3 4 <NA> Chemistry
# 输出:
# id name course
# 1 2 Bob Math
# 2 3 Charlie Physics
# 3 4 NA Chemistry
#右侧 courses 的所有行(id=2,3,4)均保留。id=4 在 students 中无匹配,因此 name 为 NA。full_join() :保留两侧数据集的所有行,无匹配的行用 NA 填充。
result <- full_join(students, courses, by = "id")
result# A tibble: 4 × 3
id name course
<int> <chr> <chr>
1 1 Alice <NA>
2 2 Bob Math
3 3 Charlie Physics
4 4 <NA> Chemistry
# 输出:
# id name course
# 1 1 Alice NA
# 2 2 Bob Math
# 3 3 Charlie Physics
# 4 4 NA Chemistry
#所有 id(1,2,3,4)均保留,缺失值用 NA 填充。