class: title-slide .row[ .col-7[ .title[ # Cloud Computing ] .subtitle[ ## Cloud Computing ] .author[ ### Laxmikant Soni <br> [Web-Site](https://laxmikants.github.io) <br> [<i class="fab fa-github"></i>](https://github.com/laxmiaknts) [<i class="fab fa-twitter"></i>](https://twitter.com/laxmikantsoni09) ] .affiliation[ ] ] .col-5[ ] ] --- class: very-large-body # Cloud Imlementation .pull-top[ ## Meaning and Definition * **Definition**: Cloud implementation refers to the process of transitioning an organization's IT infrastructure, applications, and data to a cloud computing environment for the purpose of. * **Key Concepts**: - **Remote Accessibility:** Users can access applications and data from anywhere with an internet connection, enabling greater flexibility and mobility. - **Improved Resource Management:** Organizations can optimize IT resources, reducing the need for on-site hardware and the associated maintenance costs. - **Enhanced Collaboration:** Cloud platforms enable real-time collaboration among teams, regardless of location, improving productivity and communication. ] --- # Cloud Imlementation .pull-top[ - Implementation in the cloud is an implementation that is not located on your servers but is instead hosted by a third party, usually over the Internet. - A cloud implementation can be a great way for startups to get an app up and running quickly at a low cost. It’s also useful for businesses with limited IT departments and resources. They can have someone else take care of hosting, maintenance and upgrades, so they can focus on their core business activities. - Moving an application to the cloud is not a simple task. - Its best to work with an experienced service provider that can help ensure the migration, implementation and ongoing support of your solution. - Steps: Assessment, Strategy, Design, Migration, Testing, Deployment, Management ] --- # Cloud Imlementation Steps .pull-top[ ## Assessment: Evaluate current infrastructure, applications and data to determine cloud readiness. - **Define your project/Business** – Decide what you want to move to the cloud and whether or not it’s feasible. - **Current IT Infrastructure:** Evaluate existing hardware, software, and systems, identifying legacy systems and performance gaps. - **Cost Analysis:** Compare current infrastructure costs with cloud costs and perform a cost-benefit analysis. - **Technology Compatibility:** Check if current applications are compatible with the cloud or need modifications. - **Security & Compliance:** Assess security requirements, compliance needs (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA), and risk factors. - **Vendor Selection:** Assess potential cloud providers based on offerings, SLAs, pricing, security, and support. ] --- # Cloud Implementation Steps .pull-top[ ## Strategy Develop a detailed cloud adoption strategy that includes business goals, timelines and budget. - **Platform Selection** – Choose the right cloud platform (e.g., AWS, Azure, Google Cloud) based on scalability, flexibility, and performance needs. - **Cloud Deployment Model:** Decide on the type of cloud (public, private, hybrid) based on the organization’s needs for security, control, and scalability. - **Cloud Service Model:** Choose the appropriate service model (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) based on the applications and workloads you plan to move to the cloud. - **Service Level Agreements (SLAs):** Define clear SLAs with the cloud provider regarding uptime, performance, data protection, and recovery. - **Security and Compliance Strategy:** Ensure cloud security policies are aligned with compliance standards (e.g., data protection, GDPR). - **Resource Planning and Budgeting:** Establish a budget for cloud adoption and plan resources for implementation, including internal teams and external partners. - **Disaster Recovery and Backup Planning:** Define a strategy for disaster recovery and business continuity in the cloud environment. ] --- # Cloud Implementation Steps .pull-top[ ## Design Create a detailed blueprint for the cloud infrastructure, security and networking ensuring it meets business and technical requirements. - * **Architecture Design** – Plan the cloud architecture based on scalability, security, and performance needs. - * **Cloud Security Design:** Design the security framework, including identity management, access controls, encryption, and compliance measures. - * **Network Design:** Plan the network architecture to ensure proper connectivity, performance, and security across cloud and on-premise environments. - * **Data Management Design:** Design the data storage, backup, and disaster recovery plans, ensuring data is stored securely and efficiently in the cloud. - * **Integration Strategy:** Define how cloud services will integrate with existing on-premise applications and third-party systems. - * **Cost Management Design:** Design a cost management strategy that includes monitoring and optimizing cloud resource usage to stay within budget. - * **Automation and Orchestration:** Design automated workflows for provisioning, scaling, and managing cloud resources to increase operational efficiency. ] --- # Cloud Implementation Steps .pull-top[ ## Migration Move applications, data, and workloads from on-premise infrastructure to the cloud in a phased and systematic manner. - * **Migration Planning** – Develop a detailed migration plan, including timelines, milestones, and resource allocation. - * **Data Migration:** Transfer data to the cloud, ensuring data integrity, security, and minimal downtime during the process. - * **Application Migration:** Migrate applications to the cloud, considering refactoring, rehosting, or replatforming as needed. - * **Phased Migration Approach:** Implement migration in phases to reduce risk and ensure business continuity throughout the transition. - * **Testing and Validation:** Perform thorough testing to ensure that applications and data function correctly in the cloud environment. - * **Minimize Downtime:** Develop strategies to minimize downtime during the migration, including scheduling migrations during off-peak hours. - * **Cloud Optimization:** After migration, optimize cloud resources for performance, cost efficiency, and scalability. ] --- # Cloud Implementation Steps .pull-top[ ## Testing Ensure that cloud systems, applications, and data perform as expected, meeting business and technical requirements. - * **Functional Testing** – Test that cloud applications and systems function as intended, ensuring they meet the specified requirements. - * **Performance Testing:** Evaluate the performance of cloud systems under various conditions, including load testing, stress testing, and scalability testing. - * **Security Testing:** Perform security assessments, including vulnerability scans, penetration tests, and compliance checks to ensure cloud security measures are effective. - * **Data Integrity Testing:** Verify that data migration is successful, with no corruption or loss during the transition to the cloud. - * **Disaster Recovery Testing:** Test the cloud disaster recovery and backup processes to ensure data can be recovered in case of failure. - * **User Acceptance Testing (UAT):** Allow end-users to test cloud applications to verify that they meet user expectations and business requirements. - * **Monitoring and Logging:** Set up continuous monitoring and logging to track cloud performance, detect issues, and ensure system stability post-deployment. ] --- # Cloud Implementation Steps .pull-top[ ## Deployment Move the cloud solution into the production environment, making it fully operational and accessible to users. - * **Final Preparation** – Conduct final checks and preparations to ensure that all systems are ready for deployment. - * **Deployment Planning:** Develop a deployment strategy that includes a timeline, resource allocation, and a rollback plan in case of issues. - * **Deployment Execution:** Launch the cloud systems, applications, and services into the production environment with minimal disruption to business operations. - * **User Training and Onboarding:** Provide necessary training to users and IT staff to ensure they are comfortable with the new cloud systems and processes. - * **System Monitoring:** Monitor the system closely during and after deployment to ensure everything is functioning as expected and to identify any immediate issues. - * **Post-Deployment Support:** Set up a support plan for addressing post-deployment issues and providing continuous optimization. - * **Feedback Loop:** Gather feedback from users and stakeholders to improve the cloud system and address any performance or usability concerns. ] --- # Cloud Implementation Steps .pull-top[ ## Management Continuously oversee and optimize cloud resources to ensure they meet business needs, maintain security, and operate efficiently. - * **Resource Optimization** – Continuously monitor and optimize cloud resources to ensure cost-effectiveness and performance. - * **Performance Monitoring:** Set up tools and processes to monitor the performance of cloud applications and infrastructure to ensure optimal operation. - * **Security Management:** Continuously update and manage cloud security policies, monitoring for threats, vulnerabilities, and compliance with industry standards. - * **Cost Management:** Use cloud cost management tools to track resource usage and expenditures, optimizing for cost efficiency. - * **Incident Management:** Implement a framework for quickly addressing issues, troubleshooting, and restoring services in case of system failures or disruptions. - * **Compliance and Reporting:** Ensure ongoing compliance with relevant regulations and standards by performing regular audits and maintaining proper documentation. - * **Continuous Improvement:** Use feedback, monitoring data, and analytics to make improvements to cloud systems, adapting to changing business needs and technological advancements. ] --- # Cloud Implementation Steps .pull-top[ Implementing cloud solutions involves a structured approach to ensure seamless migration, integration, and management of cloud resources. This includes assessment, strategy planning, design, migration, testing, deployment, and ongoing optimization. - * **Assessment** – Evaluate existing IT infrastructure, workloads, and business needs to determine cloud readiness and identify suitable cloud solutions. - * **Strategy Planning** – Develop a comprehensive cloud adoption roadmap, selecting the right cloud model (public, private, or hybrid) and service providers based on business goals. - * **Design** – Architect cloud solutions with a focus on scalability, security, and compliance, ensuring alignment with business requirements. - * **Migration** – Execute a well-structured migration plan, to ensure minimal disruption. - * **Testing** – Perform rigorous validation of cloud-based applications and infrastructure to identify and resolve performance, security, and compatibility issues. - * **Deployment** – Implement cloud resources and services with minimal downtime, using best practices such as blue-green deployments or rolling updates. - * **Management & Optimization** – Continuously monitor, secure, and optimize cloud environments to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and ensure high availability. ] --- # Cloud Implementation Steps .pull-top[  ] --- # Cloud Implementation Services .pull-top[ Cloud service providers offer specialized services to support businesses in adopting and optimizing cloud technologies. Key implementation services include: - * **Cloud Application Development** – Design, develop, and deploy cloud-native applications using scalable, resilient, and secure architectures tailored to business needs. - * **Cloud Application Architecture** – Define and implement best practices for structuring cloud applications, ensuring high availability, fault tolerance, and efficient resource utilization. - * **Platform Implementation** – Deploy and configure cloud platforms, including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS), to enable seamless development and operations. - * **Cloud Data Center Services** – Provide scalable and secure cloud-based infrastructure for data storage, processing, and management, ensuring compliance with regulatory standards. ] --- # Implementing a Cloud Strategy .pull-top[ A structured cloud strategy ensures seamless integration, scalability, and alignment with business objectives. The key steps in implementing a cloud strategy include: - * **Workflow, Applications, and Services Assessment** – Identify and evaluate existing business processes, applications, and services to determine their compatibility with cloud solutions. - * **Developing a Cloud Computing Strategy** – Define the cloud adoption approach, including selecting the right cloud model (public, private, hybrid) and service type (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS). - * **Decide on the Business Objectives** – Align cloud adoption with organizational goals such as cost reduction, agility, innovation, or regulatory compliance. - * **Analyze the IT Architecture** – Assess current infrastructure and identify the necessary changes to support cloud migration and integration. - * **Risk Assessment** – Identify potential security, compliance, and operational risks associated with cloud adoption and develop mitigation strategies. - * **Fit-Gap Analysis** – Compare existing IT capabilities with cloud requirements to identify gaps and areas for improvement. - * **Planning for Implementation** – Develop a step-by-step roadmap for cloud adoption, including migration, deployment, security, governance, and performance monitoring. ] --- # Implementing a Cloud Strategy .pull-top[ ## Requirements for Implementing Cloud Computing Successful cloud adoption requires addressing key technical, financial, and operational considerations. The essential requirements for implementing cloud computing include: - * **Legacy Application Support** – Ensure that existing applications can be accessed and function seamlessly in the cloud environment. - * **Cost Savings** – Optimize operational costs and reduce capital expenditures by leveraging scalable cloud infrastructure. - * **Service Management** – Implement tools to define, meter, and manage cloud computing services effectively. - * **Reliability, Availability, and Security** – Maintain robust security, high availability, and system reliability to ensure continuous service. - * **Visibility and Reporting** – Enable comprehensive monitoring, reporting, and compliance tracking for performance optimization and service level management. ] --- # Cloud Storage .pull-top[ - Cloud storage solutions provide scalable, on-demand storage infrastructure that enables organizations to manage and store vast amounts of data efficiently. - Cloud storage providers offer a range of storage models, including object storage, block storage, and file storage, to meet diverse application needs. - Cloud storage services ensure high availability and redundancy through data replication across multiple geographically distributed data centers. - Organizations rely on cloud storage for secure data backup, disaster recovery, and long-term archival, reducing reliance on on-premises storage solutions. - Cloud storage platforms integrate with various APIs and development tools, enabling seamless data access and management for applications and users. - Security and compliance measures, including encryption, access controls, and regulatory adherence, ensure data privacy and protection in cloud environments. - IT teams and developers utilize cloud storage for application hosting, big data analytics, and machine learning workflows, leveraging the flexibility and scalability of cloud environments. - Businesses benefit from cost-effective, pay-as-you-go pricing models that eliminate the need for upfront capital investment in physical storage infrastructure. - Cloud storage solutions, such as Amazon S3, Google Cloud Storage, and Microsoft Azure Blob Storage, provide advanced features like automatic data tiering, versioning, and lifecycle management. ] --- # Cloud Computing Platforms .pull-top[ ## What are they - Cloud computing platforms implements a cloud based solution and they provide publicly available compute, storage and network solutions that cater for organizations’ core infrastructure needs. - Cloud computing platforms are used by IT administrators and development teams, although the entire business relies on the storage and security of the cloud environment operated by the platform provider ] --- # Cloud Computing Platforms .pull-top[ ## What they provide To be categorized as a cloud computing platform, a system must provide the following capabilities: - **Multi-Tenant Cloud Architecture** – Support multiple customers (tenants) with logically isolated resources while sharing the same underlying infrastructure. - **Live Infrastructure Usage and Performance Tracking** – Offer real-time monitoring, tracking, and reporting of infrastructure utilization and performance metrics. - **Core Infrastructure Services** – Enable businesses to run computing, virtualization, storage, and other essential infrastructure requirements. - **Application Development and Deployment** – Provide an integrated environment for building, testing, and deploying applications efficiently. - **Application Management Tools** – Offer tools for managing applications, including scaling, monitoring, and updating services. - **On-Demand Data Access** – Ensure seamless access to data storage and retrieval whenever needed. ] --- # Cloud Computing Platforms .pull-top[ ## What they provide To be categorized as a cloud computing platform, a system must provide the following capabilities: - **Container Management** – Organize containers and launch container instances. - **Automated Execution** – Automate or schedule container execution. - **Secure Container Storage** – Store container images and restrict access to containers. - **Traffic Monitoring and Load Balancing** – Monitor web traffic and distribute resources to match changes in traffic. - **Private Cloud Configuration** – Configure public cloud resources to isolate a private network. - **Network Abstraction** – Abstract the private cloud through private IP addressing, subnets, or virtual networks. ] --- # Cloud Computing Platforms .pull-top[ ## What they provide To be categorized as a cloud computing platform, a system must provide the following capabilities: - **Remote Administrator Access** – Allow administrators remote access to computing resources. - **Cold-Data Retrieval** – Facilitate cold-data retrieval when requested. - **Cloud-Based Storage for Inactive Data** – Provide cloud-based storage for inactive data. - **Access Control for Sensitive Data** – Ensure access control over sensitive information. - **Storage for Unstructured Data and Metadata** – Store unstructured data and relevant metadata. - **Data Retrieval APIs** – Facilitate data retrieval through APIs or HTTP/HTTPS. - **Block-Based Storage** – Store data in the form of fixed-sized blocks. - **Backup and File Storage** – Store backup and unstructured file data. - **Simplified File-Based Storage System** – Create a simplified file-based storage system. ] --- # Cloud Service Providers .pull-top[ ### AWS: Amazon Web Services - **EC2**: Elastic Compute Cloud - **S3**: Simple Storage Service - **EBS**: Elastic Block Storage ### Microsoft Azure ### Google Cloud - **Compute Engine** - **App Engine** ### Other Cloud Platforms: RightScale,Salesforce, EMC, GigaSpaces, 10gen, DataStax, Oracle, VMware, YahoO, Cloudera ] --- # Amazon EC2 .pull-top[ ## What is EC2? Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is one of the most widely used and fundamental cloud services offered by AWS. It provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud, allowing users to deploy and manage virtual machines (instances) with customized configurations. ### Key Features of EC2 - **Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)** – The full form of Amazon EC2 is *Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud*. - **Widely Used Service** – EC2 is one of the most essential and commonly used AWS services. - **Virtualized Environment** – EC2 provides fully virtualized machines with an operating system and hardware components of your choice. - **Multiple Virtual Machines** – Run multiple virtual computers on a single physical hardware for better resource utilization. - **Part of AWS Ecosystem** – EC2 is an integral component of the AWS ecosystem, supporting various cloud services. - **On-Demand and Scalable** – Enables on-demand, scalable computing capacity, allowing users to adjust resources based on workload. ] --- # Amazon EC2 .pull-top[ ## What is EC2? Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is one of the most widely used and fundamental cloud services offered by AWS. It provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud, allowing users to deploy and manage virtual machines (instances) with customized configurations. ### Key Features of EC2 - **Cost-Effective** – Eliminates the need for up-front investment in physical hardware and removes maintenance costs for rented infrastructure. - **Application Deployment** – Enables faster deployment of applications by allowing users to launch multiple virtual servers as needed. - **Auto Scaling** – Allows you to scale up or down based on fluctuations in website traffic. - **Elasticity** – The term "elastic" in Elastic Compute Cloud refers to the system’s capability to adapt to varying workloads, provisioning, or de-provisioning resources as needed. ] --- # Amazon EC2 .pull-top[ ## What is EC2? Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is one of the most widely used and fundamental cloud services offered by AWS. It provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud, allowing users to deploy and manage virtual machines (instances) with customized configurations. ### Key Features of EC2 - **Flexible Instance Types** – EC2 offers a variety of instance types optimized for different workloads, including compute-optimized, memory-optimized, and GPU instances. - **Elastic Load Balancing (ELB)** – Distributes incoming traffic across multiple EC2 instances to ensure application availability and fault tolerance. - **Security & Compliance** – Supports VPC (Virtual Private Cloud), IAM roles, encryption, and security groups for robust data protection - **Cost-Effective Pricing Models** – Choose between On-Demand, Reserved, and Spot Instances to manage expenses efficiently. ] --- # Amazon EC2 Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) is a powerful cloud computing service that provides scalable and flexible virtual servers in the cloud. It offers several advantages, including: .pull-top[ ## Why amazon EC2? - **Return on Investment (ROI):** EC2 allows businesses to optimize costs by paying only for the computing resources they use, eliminating upfront infrastructure costs. - **Increased Reliability:** With AWS’s global infrastructure, EC2 instances offer high availability, failover support, and automated recovery to ensure business continuity. - **Scalability & Elasticity:** EC2 enables organizations to scale computing resources up or down based on demand, ensuring efficient performance while reducing costs. - **Cost-Effective Pricing Models** – Choose between On-Demand, Reserved, and Spot Instances to manage expenses efficiently. ] --- # Amazon EC2 Instance Types Amazon EC2 instances are virtual servers that allow users to run applications or host websites on Amazon's cloud .pull-top[ ## Instance Types - **General Purpose (e.g., t3, m5)** – Balanced compute, memory, and networking for a variety of applications. - **Compute-Optimized (e.g., c5, c6g)** – High-performance CPUs ideal for compute-intensive tasks. - **Memory-Optimized (e.g., r5, x2idn)** – Designed for applications requiring large memory workloads. - **Storage-Optimized (e.g., i3, d2)** – High-speed, high-throughput storage for databases and big data. - **Accelerated Computing (e.g., p4, inf1)** – GPU and FPGA-powered instances for AI, ML, and deep learning. ] --- # Amazon EC2 Instance Types Amazon EC2 instances are virtual servers that allow users to run applications or host websites on Amazon's cloud .pull-top[ ## General Purpose (e.g., t3, m5) - General-purpose instances provide a balance among compute, memory, and networking resources, and they can be used for a variety of workloads. - **A1 Instances**: A1 instances are used in applications that work in synchrony with the Arm ecosystem and are suitable for scale-out workloads. - **M5, M5a, and M5d Instances**: These instances offer a balance among compute, memory, and networking resources providing an ideal cloud design. It could be used for a wide range of applications. - **T2 and T3 Instances**: These instances provide clock up or down CPU performance. ] --- # Amazon EC2 Instance Types Amazon EC2 instances are virtual servers that allow users to run applications or host websites on Amazons cloud .pull-top[ ## Compute-Optimized (e.g., c5, c6g) - These instances are useful for compute-dependent applications that need high-performance processors. They are well suited for the following applications: - **Batch processing workloads**: - **High-performance web servers**: - **High-performance computing (HPC)**: - **Scientific modeling**: - **Dedicated gaming servers and ad serving engines** - **C5, C4, and C5n** are the instances under this category ] --- # Amazon EC2 Instance Types Amazon EC2 instances are virtual servers that allow users to run applications or host websites on Amazons cloud .pull-top[ ## Memory-Optimized (e.g., r5, x2idn) - These instances are for delivering fast performance for processing large data sets in memory. - **R4, R5, R5a, and R5d** instances are memory optimized. ] --- # Amazon EC2 Instance Types Amazon EC2 instances are virtual servers that allow users to run applications or host websites on Amazons cloud .pull-top[ ## Storage-Optimized (e.g., i3, d2) - For workloads requiring high amounts of fast SSD storage - **i8g, i7ie, i3,d3** instances are memory optimized. ] --- # Amazon EC2 Instance Types Amazon EC2 instances are virtual servers that allow users to run applications or host websites on Amazons cloud .pull-top[ ## Accelerated Computing (e.g., p4, inf1) - These instances are the latest gen general-purpose instances, and they provide an accelerated performance when the CPU clock rate increases. - **P3, P2, G3, and F1** are instances for accelerated computing. - **P3 and P2** are general-purpose instances. - **G3** is for graphic-intensive applications. ] --- # Amazon EC2 Instance Features Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) is a cloud computing service that provides scalable virtual servers. .pull-top[ ## Compute Options - **Instance Types:** EC2 offers various instance types optimized for compute, memory, storage, and GPU needs. - **Elastic Scaling:** You can scale instances up or down as required. - **Auto Scaling:** Automatically adjusts the number of instances based on demand. - **Bare Metal Instances:** Provides direct access to hardware for high-performance applications.. ] --- # Amazon EC2 Instance Features Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) is a cloud computing service that provides scalable virtual servers. .pull-top[ ## Storage & Data Management - **Amazon EBS** (Elastic Block Store): Persistent block storage for EC2 instances. - **Instance Store:** Temporary storage that provides high I/O performance. - **Amazon EFS (Elastic File System):** Managed file storage that scales automatically. - **Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service):** Scalable object storage for backups and data sharing. ] --- # Amazon EC2 Instance Features Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) is a cloud computing service that provides scalable virtual servers. .pull-top[ ## Networking & Security - **Elastic IP Addresses:** Static IPs that can be moved between instances. - **VPC (Virtual Private Cloud):** Isolated networks for EC2 instances. - **Security Groups:** Firewall rules to control inbound and outbound traffic. - **Key Pairs:** Secure login using SSH keys. - **PrivateLink:** Secure access to AWS services without exposing data to the public internet. ] --- # Amazon EC2 Instance Features Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) is a cloud computing service that provides scalable virtual servers. .pull-top[ ## Performance Optimization - **Elastic Load Balancing (ELB):** Distributes traffic across multiple instances. - **Placement Groups:** Optimizes network performance for latency-sensitive applications. - **Enhanced Networking:** Uses SR-IOV for high packet-per-second performance and low jitter. ] --- # Amazon EC2 Instance Features Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) is a cloud computing service that provides scalable virtual servers. .pull-top[ ## Monitoring & Management - **Amazon CloudWatch:** Monitors metrics like CPU, memory, and disk usage. - **AWS Systems Manager:** Automates patching, configuration, and compliance. - **EC2 Auto Recovery:** Automatically recovers instances from failure. ] --- # Amazon EC2 Instance Features Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) is a cloud computing service that provides scalable virtual servers. .pull-top[ ## OS & Software Support - **Custom AMIs (Amazon Machine Images):** Pre-configured OS and software environments. - **Support for Multiple OS:** Linux (Ubuntu, Amazon Linux, Red Hat, etc.) and Windows Server. - **Containers & Kubernetes:** Supports Docker, ECS (Elastic Container Service), and EKS (Elastic Kubernetes Service). ] --- # Amazon EC2 Instance Features Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) is a cloud computing service that provides scalable virtual servers. .pull-top[ ## Cost & Pricing - **On-Demand Instances:** Pay as you go, no upfront cost. - **Reserved Instances:** Discounts for long-term commitments (1 to 3 years). - **Spot Instances:** Low-cost option for flexible workloads. - **Savings Plans:** Flexible pricing for consistent workloads. ] --- # Amazon EC2 Instance Features Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) is a cloud computing service that provides scalable virtual servers. .pull-top[ ## Specialized EC2 Features - **EC2 Spot Fleet:** Automatically provisions and manages Spot Instances. - **Amazon Nitro System:** Advanced security, networking, and performance improvements. - **Hibernation:** Suspend and resume instances while retaining RAM state. - **Elastic GPUs:** Attach GPU resources to EC2 instances for graphics-intensive workloads. ] --- # Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service) is a highly scalable object storage service for secure data storage, backup, and content distribution. .pull-top[ ## Amazon S3 Overview - S3 is one of the first services that has been produced by aws. - Secure, durable, and highly scalable cloud object storage - Simple web service interface for storing and retrieving data from anywhere - Pay-as-you-go pricing—eliminates capacity planning constraints - S3 provides developers and IT teams with secure, durable, highly scalable object storage. - S3 is a safe place to store the files. - It is Object-based storage, you can store the images, word files, pdf files, etc. - It has unlimited storage means that you can store the data as much you want - Files are stored in Bucket. A bucket is like a folder available in S3. - S3 is a universal namespace, the names must be unique globally. Bucket contains a DNS address. Therefore, the bucket must contain a unique name to generate a unique DNS address. ] --- # Amazon Simple Storage Service Features (S3) Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service) is a highly scalable object storage service for secure data storage, backup, and content distribution. .pull-top[ ## Storage & Data Management - **Scalable Object Storage:** Stores unlimited amounts of data with high durability. - **Storage Classes:** Standard, Intelligent-Tiering, One Zone-IA, Glacier, and Glacier Deep Archive. - **Lifecycle Policies:** Automates data migration between storage classes. - **Versioning:** Maintains multiple versions of objects for recovery. ] --- # Amazon Simple Storage Service Features (S3) Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service) is a highly scalable object storage service for secure data storage, backup, and content distribution. .pull-top[ ## Data Security & Compliance - **Server-Side Encryption:** Encrypts objects using AES-256 or AWS KMS. - **Bucket Policies & ACLs:** Control access permissions at the bucket or object level. - **VPC Endpoint Integration:** Secure S3 access without public internet exposure. - **Object Lock:** Enforces write-once-read-many (WORM) compliance. ] --- # Amazon Simple Storage Service Features (S3) Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service) is a highly scalable object storage service for secure data storage, backup, and content distribution. .pull-top[ ## Performance & Availability - **Global Availability:** Accessible from any AWS region. - **Multi-Region Replication:** Automatically replicates data across regions. - **Event Notifications:** Triggers AWS Lambda, SNS, or SQS upon object changes. - **Transfer Acceleration:** Speeds up large file uploads using edge locations. ] --- # Amazon Simple Storage Service Features (S3) Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service) is a highly scalable object storage service for secure data storage, backup, and content distribution. .pull-top[ ## Data Analytics & Integration - **Amazon S3 Select:** Queries specific data from objects using SQL. - **Amazon Athena:** Runs SQL queries directly on S3-stored data. - **AWS Lake Formation:** Creates data lakes using S3 as the storage backend. - **Integration with Machine Learning:** Works with AWS AI/ML services for data analysis. ] --- # Amazon Simple Storage Service Features (S3) Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service) is a highly scalable object storage service for secure data storage, backup, and content distribution. .pull-top[ ## Cost & Pricing - **Pay-As-You-Go Pricing:** Charged based on storage, requests, and data transfer. - **Cost Optimization:** Uses lifecycle rules to minimize costs. - **Free Tier:** 5GB of storage free per month. - **Glacier & Deep Archive:** Lower-cost options for long-term storage. ] --- # Object Storage vs. Traditional Block & File Storage .pull-top[ ## Traditional Storage (Block & File Storage) - Block Storage: - Manages data as fixed-size blocks at the raw storage level - Used in Storage Area Networks (SANs) with protocols like iSCSI, Fibre Channel - Closely tied to a server and operating system - File Storage: - Organizes data in a hierarchical file & folder structure - Used in Network Attached Storage (NAS) with CIFS, NFS protocols - Requires network-mounted storage solutions ] --- # Object Storage vs. Traditional Block & File Storage .pull-top[ ## Amazon S3 Object Storage - Cloud-based storage independent of servers - Accessed via APIs over the Internet (HTTP verbs) instead of traditional protocols - Objects consist of data + metadata, stored in buckets - Flat storage model (no nested folders like a traditional file system) - Each object is retrieved (GET) or stored (PUT) as a whole—no partial updates ] --- # Advantages of S3 .pull-top[ ## Key Advantages of Amazon S3 - ✅ Highly Durable – Data replicated across multiple devices & facilities - ✅ Scalable – Automatically partitions to handle high request rates - ✅ No Capacity Planning – Unlimited storage in each bucket - ✅ Optimized for Reads – Built for fast and concurrent access - ✅ Simple & Robust – Eliminates complexity of traditional storage limits ] --- # Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) Basics .pull-top[ ## Buckets - ✅ A bucket is a container (web folder) for objects (files) stored in Amazon S3. - ✅ Every Amazon S3 object is contained within a bucket. - ✅ Buckets form the top-level namespace for Amazon S3. - ✅ Bucket names are global, meaning they must be unique across all AWS accounts, similar to DNS domain names. - ✅ Bucket names can contain: - Up to 63 characters - Lowercase letters, numbers, hyphens, and periods - ✅ You can create and use multiple buckets. - ✅ By default, you can have up to 100 buckets per AWS account. - ✅ If an object named documents/report.pdf is stored in the mydatastore bucket, then it can be addressed using the URL: http://mydatastore.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/report.pdf ] --- # Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) Basics .pull-top[ ## AWS Regions - ✅ AWS Regions determine where your Amazon S3 bucket is created. - ✅ Even though bucket names are globally unique, each bucket is created in a specific region that you choose. - ✅ This allows you to control where your data is stored. - ✅ You can create buckets close to end users to minimize latency. - ✅ You can store data in a specific region to meet data locality and sovereignty requirements. - ✅ You can place buckets far from your primary facilities for disaster recovery and compliance. - ✅ Data remains in the chosen region unless explicitly copied to another bucket in a different region. ] --- # Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) Basics .pull-top[ ## Objects - ✅ Objects are the files or entities stored in Amazon S3 buckets. - ✅ Objects can store any kind of data in any format. - ✅ Object sizes range from 0 bytes to 5TB, and a single bucket can store an unlimited number of objects. - ✅ This allows Amazon S3 to store virtually unlimited data. - ✅ Each object consists of: - Data (the file itself) - Metadata (information about the file) - ✅ The data portion is opaque to Amazon S3, meaning it is treated as a stream of bytes without regard to type (text, binary, etc.). - ✅ Metadata is a set of name/value pairs describing the object. - ✅ There are two types of metadata: - System metadata (managed by Amazon S3) includes attributes like last modified date, object size, MD5 digest, and HTTP Content-Type. - User metadata (optional) can be defined when an object is created, allowing custom attributes to be added. ] --- # Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) Basics .pull-top[ ## Keys - ✅ Keys are unique identifiers for objects stored in an Amazon S3 bucket. - ✅ A key functions like a filename for the object. - ✅ Keys can be up to 1024 bytes long and support Unicode UTF-8 characters, including slashes (/), backslashes (), dots (.), and dashes (-). - ✅ Keys must be unique within a single bucket, but different buckets can contain objects with the same key. - ✅ An Amazon S3 object is uniquely identified by the combination of: - Bucket name - Key - Optional version ID (if versioning is enabled) ] --- # Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) Basics .pull-top[ ## Durability and Availability - ✅ Durability and Availability are related but distinct concepts: - Durability answers, "Will my data still exist in the future?" - Availability answers, "Can I access my data right now?" - ✅ Amazon S3 is designed for both high durability and high availability. - ✅ Amazon S3 Standard Storage provides: - 99.999999999% (11 nines) durability - 99.99% availability over a given year - ✅ Example: If you store 10,000 objects, you can expect to lose only one object every 10 million years on average. - ✅ Amazon S3 achieves high durability by: - Automatically storing data redundantly across multiple devices in multiple facilities within a region. - Sustaining the loss of two facilities without losing user data. - ✅ Amazon S3 is designed for mission-critical and primary data storage. - ✅ For non-critical or easily reproducible data (e.g., image thumbnails), you can use Reduced Redundancy Storage (RRS): ] --- # Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) Basics .pull-top[ ## Data Consistency - ✅ Data Consistency in Amazon S3 follows an eventual consistency model. - Data is replicated across multiple servers and locations within a region. - Changes may take time to propagate to all locations, leading to potential delays in updates. - ✅ Amazon S3 provides different consistency models based on the operation: - Read-after-write consistency for PUTs to new objects (you can immediately read newly added objects). - Eventual consistency for: - PUTs to existing objects (overwriting an existing key). - DELETEs (a deleted object may still be accessible for a short time). - ✅ What does eventual consistency mean? - If you PUT new data to an existing key, a subsequent GET might return the old data temporarily. - If you DELETE an object, a subsequent GET might still retrieve the deleted object before full propagation. - ✅ Updates to a single key are atomic: - A read will return either the old data or the new data, but never a mix of both. ] --- # CloudStack Apache CloudStack is an open-source cloud computing platform that enables organizations to deploy and manage Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud environments. It provides features for orchestrating compute, networking, and storage resources, allowing users to create and manage virtual machines (VMs) and other cloud services. .pull-top[ ## Key Features - ✅ Multi-Hypervisor Support: Works with VMware, KVM, XenServer, and more. - ✅ Scalability: Supports scaling from small private clouds to large public clouds. - ✅ Networking Management: Provides advanced networking features like VLANs, SDN integration, and security groups. - ✅ Storage Management: Supports block, object, and network storage. - ✅ User & Account Management: Role-based access control (RBAC) and multi-tenancy support. - ✅ API & UI: RESTful API for automation and a web-based UI for easy management. ] --- # CloudStack Apache CloudStack is an open-source cloud computing platform that enables organizations to deploy and manage Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud environments. It provides features for orchestrating compute, networking, and storage resources, allowing users to create and manage virtual machines (VMs) and other cloud services. .pull-top[  ] --- # CloudStack (Advantages and Disadvantages) .pull-top[ Table: Advantages and Disadvantages of Apache CloudStack |Advantages |Disadvantages | |:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |Ease of Deployment & Management – CloudStack provides a user-friendly web interface and API, making it easier to deploy and manage cloud infrastructure. |Smaller Community & Ecosystem – Compared to OpenStack, CloudStack has a smaller developer and support community, making troubleshooting harder. | |Multi-Hypervisor Support – Supports VMware, KVM, XenServer, and more, allowing flexibility in infrastructure. |Limited Enterprise Adoption – CloudStack is not as widely adopted in large enterprises as OpenStack or VMware vCloud, leading to fewer third-party integrations. | |Built-in Networking & Storage Features – Offers advanced networking (VLANs, SDN integration) and storage management, reducing the need for third-party tools. |Resource-Intensive Management – Managing a CloudStack environment requires dedicated resources and expertise, especially for large deployments. | ] --- # CloudStack CloudStack allows administrators to deploy and manage large networks of virtual machines running the following hypervisors: .pull-top[ - ✅ VMware - ✅ KVM - ✅ Citrix XenServer - ✅ Xen Cloud Platform (XCP) - ✅ Oracle VM server - ✅ Microsoft Hyper-V ] --- # OpenStack OpenStack is an open-source cloud computing platform that enables organizations to build and manage public, private, and hybrid clouds. It provides a set of modular components for orchestrating compute, networking, and storage resources, making it a popular choice for Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) deployments. .pull-top[ ## Key Features - ✅ MModular Architecture – OpenStack consists of multiple components (Nova for compute, Neutron for networking, Cinder for storage, etc.), allowing flexibility in cloud deployment. - ✅ MMulti-Hypervisor Support – Supports KVM, Xen, VMware, Hyper-V, and LXC, providing flexibility in virtualization. - ✅ MScalability & Flexibility – Designed for large-scale deployments, making it suitable for enterprise and research environments. - ✅ MExtensive API Support – Offers RESTful APIs for automation and integration with third-party tools. - ✅ MLarge Community & Ecosystem – Backed by a strong open-source community, with contributions from companies like IBM, Red Hat, and Intel. ] --- # CloudStack vs OpenStack .pull-top[ | Feature | CloudStack | OpenStack | |----------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Ease of Deployment | Easier to set up with a simple UI and API | More complex to deploy and configure | | Hypervisor Support | Supports VMware, KVM, XenServer, Hyper-V | Supports KVM, Xen, VMware, Hyper-V, and LXC | | Networking | Built-in networking with VLAN, SDN integration | Modular networking via Neutron, supports SDN | | Storage Management | Integrated storage support (block, object, network) | More flexibility with Cinder (block) and Swift (object storage) | | Scalability | Scales well for private and public clouds | Highly scalable, preferred for large enterprise environments | | Community Support | Smaller community, less active development | Larger community, extensive third-party support | | Use Cases | Used mainly by service providers and private cloud users | Widely used in large enterprises, research institutions, and public clouds | ] --- # Intercloud .pull-top[ | Feature | Description | |----------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Definition | InterCloud refers to a model where multiple cloud services are interconnected to create a unified, federated cloud environment. | | Purpose | Enables seamless integration and interoperability between different cloud providers. | | Key Components | Includes cloud brokering, interoperability protocols, and resource sharing mechanisms. | | Benefits | Provides scalability, fault tolerance, and optimized resource utilization. | | Challenges | Security concerns, compliance issues, and complexity in managing multiple cloud environments. | | Use Cases | Hybrid cloud management, disaster recovery, and workload migration across clouds. | | Examples | InterCloud initiatives by Cisco, cloud federation models, and multi-cloud strategies. | ] --- # Google App Engine Google App Engine (GAE) is a Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) offering from Google Cloud that allows developers to build, deploy, and scale web applications and services. It abstracts much of the infrastructure management, allowing developers to focus on writing code without worrying about server provisioning, load balancing, or scaling. .pull-top[ ## Key Features - ✅ Automatic Scaling: App Engine automatically adjusts resources based on the traffic your app is receiving, meaning it can scale up to handle increased demand and scale down when traffic decreases. - ✅ Managed Environment: Google App Engine handles infrastructure management such as security patches, updates, and server maintenance. - ✅ Support for Multiple Programming Languages: App Engine supports a variety of programming languages, including Python, Java, Go, Node.js, PHP, and Ruby. It also supports custom runtimes for other languages. - ✅ Built-in Services: App Engine integrates with various Google Cloud services, such as databases (e.g., Cloud Datastore, Cloud SQL), storage (e.g., Cloud Storage), and more, making it easier to build complex applications with minimal configuration. - ✅ Serverless: With App Engine, you don't need to worry about managing individual virtual machines or server infrastructure. You only pay for the resources your app uses, such as compute time and storage. ] --- # Google App Engine Google App Engine (GAE) is a Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) offering from Google Cloud that allows developers to build, deploy, and scale web applications and services. It abstracts much of the infrastructure management, allowing developers to focus on writing code without worrying about server provisioning, load balancing, or scaling. .pull-top[ ## Key Services - ✅ URL Fetch: Facilitates the application’s access to resources on the internet, such as web services or data. - ✅ Mail: Facilitates the application to send e-mail messages using Google infrastructure. - ✅ Memcache: High performance in-memory key-value storage. Can be used to store temporary data which doesn’t need to be persisted. - ✅ Security: All hosted applications run in a secure environment using through HTTP/ HTTPS requests that provides limited access to the underlying operating system. ] --- # Google cloud store: Google Cloud Storage is a scalable object storage service that allows users to store and retrieve data from Google's cloud infrastructure. It is commonly used for data backup, archiving, machine learning datasets, and serving static content. .pull-top[ ## Key Features - ✅ A RESTful service for storing and querying data. - ✅ Fast, scalable and highly available solution - ✅ Provides Multiple layers of redundancy. All data is replicated to multiple data centers. - ✅ Provides different levels of access control. - ✅ HTTP based APIs. ] --- # Collaboration Collaboration refers to individuals or teams working together to achieve a shared goal. It can happen in person or remotely, using digital tools for communication, coordination, and knowledge sharing. .pull-top[ ## Key Elements ✅ Clear Communication – Use tools like Slack, Teams, or email for clarity. ✅ Defined Roles & Responsibilities – Avoid confusion by assigning tasks. ✅ Shared Goals – Ensure everyone understands the purpose of collaboration. ✅ Trust & Respect – Encourage open discussions and respect diverse opinions. ✅ Use of Technology – Leverage cloud storage, version control, and project management tools. ] --- # Collaborating tools .pull-top[ ## Communication & Messaging | Tool | Features | |-----------------|--------------------------------------------------| | Slack | Real-time messaging, integrations | | Microsoft Teams | Chat, video conferencing, Office 365 integration | | Google Chat | Lightweight team communication | | Discord | Voice, video, and text chat | | Cisco Webex | Enterprise-grade messaging & conferencing | ] --- # Collaborating tools .pull-top[ ## Video Conferencing & Meetings | Tool | Features | |-----------------|-----------------------------------------------| | Zoom | Virtual meetings and webinars | | Google Meet | Integrated with Google Workspace | | Microsoft Teams | Built-in video conferencing | | Cisco Webex | Secure video conferencing | | BlueJeans | Cloud-based video meetings with Dolby Voice | ] --- # Collaborating tools .pull-top[ ## Document Collaboration & File Sharing | Tool | Features | |--------------|----------------------------------------------------| | Google Drive | Cloud storage with Docs, Sheets, and Slides | | Dropbox | Secure cloud storage & file sharing | | OneDrive | Microsoft cloud storage with Office 365 integration | | Box | Enterprise file sharing & collaboration | | Notion | All-in-one workspace for notes, docs, and projects | ] --- # Collaborating tools .pull-top[ ## Project Management & Task Tracking | Tool | Features | |-----------|-----------------------------------------------------| | Trello | Kanban boards for task management | | Asana | Project tracking with workflows & automation | | Jira | Agile software development & issue tracking | | ClickUp | All-in-one project and task management | | Monday.com | Customizable workflow & team collaboration | ] --- # Collaborating tools .pull-top[ ## Code Collaboration & Development | Tool | Features | |------------|--------------------------------------------| | GitHub | Cloud-based Git repository hosting | | GitLab | DevOps & CI/CD platform | | Bitbucket | Git repositories with Jira integration | | Google Colab | Cloud-based Jupyter notebooks | | Replit | Online IDE for collaborative coding | ] --- # Collaborating via Social Networks Social networks provide a powerful platform for collaboration, enabling teams, professionals, and communities to share information, coordinate projects, and engage in discussions. Here are some ways collaboration happens through social networks: .pull-top[ ## **Collaboration via Social Networks** | Category | Platform | Features | |--------------------------------|---------------------|-----------------------------------------------------| | **Professional Networking** | LinkedIn | Professional networking, job postings, knowledge sharing. | | **Workplace Collaboration** | Yammer | Microsoft’s enterprise social network for internal communication. | | **Content Collaboration** | Medium | Blogging platform for sharing ideas and research. | | **Developer Collaboration** | GitHub | Open-source collaboration on coding projects. | | **Online Learning** | Coursera | Online courses and peer discussions. | ]