Make-Stars DS HW

Author

J Gazmen

Installing dslabs

# install.packages("dslabs")  # these are data science labs
library("dslabs")

Warning: package 'dslabs' was built under R version 4.4.3

data(package="dslabs")
list.files(system.file("script", package = "dslabs"))

 [1] "make-admissions.R"                   
 [2] "make-brca.R"                         
 [3] "make-brexit_polls.R"                 
 [4] "make-calificaciones.R"               
 [5] "make-death_prob.R"                   
 [6] "make-divorce_margarine.R"            
 [7] "make-gapminder-rdas.R"               
 [8] "make-greenhouse_gases.R"             
 [9] "make-historic_co2.R"                 
[10] "make-mice_weights.R"                 
[11] "make-mnist_127.R"                    
[12] "make-mnist_27.R"                     
[13] "make-movielens.R"                    
[14] "make-murders-rda.R"                  
[15] "make-na_example-rda.R"               
[16] "make-nyc_regents_scores.R"           
[17] "make-olive.R"                        
[18] "make-outlier_example.R"              
[19] "make-polls_2008.R"                   
[20] "make-polls_us_election_2016.R"       
[21] "make-pr_death_counts.R"              
[22] "make-reported_heights-rda.R"         
[23] "make-research_funding_rates.R"       
[24] "make-stars.R"                        
[25] "make-temp_carbon.R"                  
[26] "make-tissue-gene-expression.R"       
[27] "make-trump_tweets.R"                 
[28] "make-weekly_us_contagious_diseases.R"
[29] "save-gapminder-example-csv.R"

importing librarys

data("stars")
library(tidyverse)

── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
✔ dplyr     1.1.4     ✔ readr     2.1.5
✔ forcats   1.0.0     ✔ stringr   1.5.1
✔ ggplot2   3.5.1     ✔ tibble    3.2.1
✔ lubridate 1.9.4     ✔ tidyr     1.3.1
✔ purrr     1.0.2     
── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
✖ dplyr::lag()    masks stats::lag()
ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errors

library(ggthemes)

Warning: package 'ggthemes' was built under R version 4.4.3

library(ggrepel)

Warning: package 'ggrepel' was built under R version 4.4.3

library(ggplot2)

Printing out the variables and observations of stars

head(stars)

            star magnitude temp type
1            Sun       4.8 5840    G
2        SiriusA       1.4 9620    A
3        Canopus      -3.1 7400    F
4       Arcturus      -0.4 4590    K
5 AlphaCentauriA       4.3 5840    G
6           Vega       0.5 9900    A

Code for the Scatter Plot visualization of Properties of Stars

stars_update <- stars |>
  filter(stars$temp > 4000)
stars_update

                star magnitude  temp type
1                Sun       4.8  5840    G
2            SiriusA       1.4  9620    A
3            Canopus      -3.1  7400    F
4           Arcturus      -0.4  4590    K
5     AlphaCentauriA       4.3  5840    G
6               Vega       0.5  9900    A
7            Capella      -0.6  5150    G
8              Rigel      -7.2 12140    B
9           ProcyonA       2.6  6580    F
10           Achemar      -2.4 20500    B
11             Hadar      -5.3 25500    B
12            Altair       2.2  8060    A
13         Aldebaran      -0.8  4130    K
14             Spica      -3.4 25500    B
15         Fomalhaut       2.0  9060    A
16            Pollux       1.0  4900    K
17             Deneb      -7.2  9340    A
18        BetaCrucis      -4.7 28000    B
19           Regulus      -0.8 13260    B
20             Acrux      -4.0 28000    B
21            Adhara      -5.2 23000    B
22            Shaula      -3.4 25500    B
23         Bellatrix      -4.3 23000    B
24            Castor       1.2  9620    A
25      BetaCentauri      -5.1 25500    B
26    AlphaCentauriB       5.8  4730    K
27           AlNa'ir      -1.1 15550    B
28       Miaplacidus      -0.6  9300    A
29            Elnath      -1.6 12400    B
30           Alnilam      -6.2 26950    B
31            Mirfak      -4.6  7700    F
32           Alnitak      -5.9 33600    O
33             Dubhe       0.2  4900    K
34            Alioth       0.4  9900    A
35           Peacock      -2.3 20500    B
36     KausAustralis      -0.3 11000    B
37      ThetaScorpii      -5.6  7400    F
38             Atria      -0.1  4590    K
39            Alkaid      -1.7 20500    B
40      AlphaCrucisB      -3.3 20500    B
41             Avior      -2.1  4900    K
42 DeltaCanisMajoris      -8.0  6100    F
43            Alhena       0.0  9900    A
44        Menkalinan       0.6  9340    A
45           Polaris      -4.6  6100    F
46            Mirzam      -4.8 25500    B
47   DeltaVulpeculae       0.6  9900    A
48   *AlphaCentauriB       5.8  4900    K
49          *SiriusA       1.4  9620    A
50          *SiriusB      11.2 14800   DA
51    EpsilonEridani       6.1  4590    K
52       EpsilonIndi       7.0  4130    K
53         *61CygniA       7.6  4130    K
54           TauCeti       5.7  5150    G
55         *ProcyonA       2.6  6600    F
56         *ProcyonB      13.0  9700   DF
57   vanMaanen'sStar      14.2 13000   DB
58            Altair       2.2  8060    A
59       *40EridaniA       6.0  4900    K
60       *40EridaniB      11.1 10000   DA
61      *70OphiuchiA       5.8  4950    K

star_df <- 
  #options(repr.plot.width =20, repr.plot.height =12)
  ggplot(stars_update, aes(x = temp, y = -(magnitude), color = temp, size = -(magnitude), label = star )) +
  geom_point( aes(shape  = "temp")) +
  scale_shape_manual(values = c("temp" = "*" ))+
  geom_text_repel(nudge_x = 0.00008, color = "white", size = 2) +


  # Customize theme to no lines and black background
  scale_color_gradientn(colors = c("red","orange","yellow","white","lightblue","cornflowerblue")) +
  theme_classic()+
  theme(panel.background = element_rect(fill = 'black'))+

  #Titles, labels, etc
  labs(x = "Temperature(K)", 
       y = "Absolute Magnitude",
       title = "Physical Properties of Stars"
       ) +
  
  #Changes the size and font of the titles and axes
  theme(plot.title = element_text(family = "mono", size = 20, color = "Blue"),
        axis.title.x = element_text(family = "mono", size = 10, color = "Blue"),
        axis.title.y  = element_text(family = "mono", size = 10, color = "Blue")
  )

star_df

Warning: ggrepel: 12 unlabeled data points (too many overlaps). Consider
increasing max.overlaps

Summary

This scatter-plot is about the Physical Properties of stars, specifically how temperature and absolute magnitude illuminates stars to the human eye. In the stars data set the minimum temperature in Kelvin is 3276.674, and max is 14632.835K For the x-axis, I did the temperatures of the stars. The colors I picked as specific to the colors of actual stars. Ranging from red - dark blue. In addition to that the y-axis consists of the absolute magnitude of the stars. This measures the brightness of stars at a standard distance. Lastly Luminosity of a star compares the energy output of a star to the sun(the sun is Earths brightest star). So based on this graph, we can see that lower temperature stars are red, and higher temperature stars are blue. Stars at a lower magnitude are more visible to the human eye, while higher ones are less visible. That is why red stars are smaller on the graph, because lower temperature omit less light than stars have higher temperatures.

Overall, this was a graph/data-set that was really fun to work with, and I am proud that I was able to show exactly what I was looking for.

##Sources:

How I changed the shape to stars: https://masteringr.com/ggplot2/how-to-change-point-shapes-in-ggplot2/

How I learned to remove lines/ change background color: https://www.statology.org/ggplot-background-color/

How I learned about gradientn(gradientn helped me produce the gradient in the order that I wanted it): https://ggplot2-book.org/scales-colour.html