RECD: March 2025F

Background

This is a pilot of an experimental manipulation of global CWV.

Participants were shown one of the following:

HIGH CWV CONDITION:
Think of a recent situation you’ve been in that brought out your competitive side. It could be a project, organization, job, or event where the situation caused you to feel highly competitive — where you and others around you were doing whatever you could to get ahead and beat others, rather than working together.

This situation may have caused you to set aside fairness and generosity in favor of looking out for yourself and getting an edge on others. You may have felt like winning was everything — if you played nice and trusted others, you’d end up on the bottom. If no such situation comes to mind, think of a situation that’s closest to what is described here.

LOW CWV CONDITION:
Think of a recent situation you’ve been in that brought out your cooperative side. It could be a project, organization, job, or event where the situation caused you to feel highly cooperative — where you were working together with people, trusting them and being trusted by them, and acting with generosity and honesty.
In this situation, you may have been working together with others toward a common goal; instead of being selfish, you all pulled together, helped each other, and trusted one another. In this episode or context, you and the people around you showed compassion and acted in harmony. If no such situation comes to mind, think of a situation that’s closest to what is described here.

Then, they completed two writing tasks:
1. describing that situation and how they acted in it.
2. reflecting on how they would act if they were manager in a situation like the one they described.

Then, they were shown one of 23 previously collected descriptions of managerial dominance. They predicted the impact of that behavior on the relationship with the employee, compliance, and how they would behave if they were the manager.

Demographics

Race

race	N	Perc
asian	8	6.72
black	12	10.08
hispanic	7	5.88
multiracial	13	10.92
white	78	65.55
NA	1	0.84

Gender

gender	N	Perc
man	51	42.86
woman	62	52.10
NA	6	5.04

Age

age_mean	age_sd
37.51724	10.03341

Education

edu	N	Perc
GED	28	23.53
2yearColl	15	12.61
4yearColl	50	42.02
MA	21	17.65
PHD	5	4.20

Income

Measures

Open responses

Description of situation

Please write a few sentences below describing that situation and how people were acting.

PID	cond	desc_situation
1	high	I felt competitive while working on a recent project. I wanted to outperform my other coworkers to impress my boss.
2	high	I was in a competitive situation when playing Elden Ring pvp and people were using strong weapons to try and win
3	low	I work on a sales team. lately there has been conflict in my teams communication tools. Honestly, I felt people had huge opinions for something so trivial but I had to tone down and work to find common ground
4	low	I think that there are definitely a lot of situations where this happens when I am at work. Usually, at work, all my peers have their own workloads that they have to deal with, but if they are grouped to work on a project together, we all work together to accomplish our goals. Instead of only focusing on our tasks, we work together to accomplish it.
5	high	My office is currently having a situation where another team is trying to implement something that would negatively impact the program that I un involved and it is very much a winner take all. We either prevent them from doing this or the damage on program so right now it is no hold bar. We are willing to do any avenue to get this other program shut down. We are not going to cooperate. We are not willing to come up with ideas on how this could be done we are protecting our program And it is competitive right because the upper management sees money and we need to demonstrate that we are the more profitable program that damaging us is a bigger financial risk than getting rid of this new idea.
6	high	The people around me in that situation Were not speaking at great length to each other, and were avoiding eye contact.
7	low	I was working at an event that required significant setup and breakdown duties. Although this is not part of our usual jobs, all of us teamed up to make it go as quickly and smoothly as possible. I think there was an understanding that no one wanted to do it, but that we were all in it together, so we tried to maintain an atmosphere of humor and encouragement.
8	low	I went to job fair with my fellow employees to recruit new workers to the company. We had a great time talking about the company to prospective employees.
9	high	I work in a competitive sales position, so if I am not trying my hardest, competitors from other companies will get the placements that I am after. I would never cheat or lie to get ahead in my job, but there are some people who would and do.
10	low	I don’t as in a meeting with others in a similar position to myself. We were given the task of coming up with a plan for an upcoming event. We have to be very cooperative and compromise with each other.
12	high	The person who could get the most clients to give us a good review on our website would get a $500 bonus on our paychecks. People acted like it was the end of the world and they were brutal.
13	high	We were asked to choose a course that we wanted to take within a time frame and it was comepetition to see who would sign up the quickest as well as the quality of the course. There were prizes involved. It was also public your selection. I wanted to prove I was already looking at furthering my education so I chose a course first. The rest of my coworkers quickly followed suit but my director told us that some people’s courses were chosen in haste and not thought through for the saking of getting it done.
14	low	We recently formed a PTA group at my childrens school and I had to work closely with a few dozen parents. We all generally disagreed with one another and had different visions for where things should go but we worked together to raise enough money for a new gym for the students.
15	high	Recently there was an opening for a higher position, and a few people were competing to show they could do the job the best. There wasn’t anything negative going on, but a few people tried to out do the other by working faster, and learning more of the procedures for the position.
16	low	We had a problem with a student who kept biting others. We had to work together to follow the student and make sure he didn’t bite any others.
17	high	The people were acting very competitively, each wanting the best outcome. This is pretty common behavior.
18	high	I was competitive at getting a project done. I try to work faster than others
20	low	In a previous job I was in a management position and morale seemed to be getting low among my coworkers. I decided to get our supervisors together and plan a surprise team party that included games and food all provided by the company. It took some time but we all were able to work together to plan out games and work within our budget to provide an enjoyable experience for the staff. Everyone was happy to help others and share their own ideas openly as well as pool any resources they had to make things easier. The event went extremely well thanks to the teams efforts and had the intended effect of cheering everyone up.
21	low	Our team at work decided to work together to paint and change the decor and waiting room in our medical office. We met on a few weekends and got the job completed.
22	low	We have recently hired a few new employees. I have been asked to train them for a day on occasion. This takes patience and team work to get them up to speed on the duties of the job. Several of the new employees have been very friendly and easy to train. One in particular has been difficult as they feel they already know how to do the job but have been making several errors.
23	low	I was working with a small team on a video game. My responsibility was of an artistic nature, being tasked with designing various enemies and some 2D graphics. This involved having clear communication with the director. As for the team as a whole, everyone was very enthusiastic about what we were making and worked well together.
24	high	My work duties have recently changed and we get recognized in weekly meetings for how accurate our work is. I figured out a way to make my work more efficient. I usually would share this information with my coworkers, but, since we were in a new job, I wanted to be recognized for outstanding work and I didn’t not share the shortcut with coworkers.
25	low	We worked collaboratively to come with solutions on a specific case. Me and my teammates discussed our individuals opinions on the topic and ways we could each contribute to it depending on our individual strengths. Everyone was being considerate towards each other and went out of their way to make sure everyone else had what they needed.
26	high	I was arguing with my partner. We were struggling to communicate and it felt like we were competing against each other to win the argument rather than work together to solve the problem. He was heated and yelling and I was heated and yelling.
27	high	There are certain morning tasks that I prefer to do over others. Generally we split tasks in a way that means we are doing things equally throughout the week. I get to work earlier than my coworker, so sometimes I do the same task that I prefer every day without consulting her, and she gets frustrated that I do these tasks before she has a chance to communicate with me.
28	high	My coworker and I were both working on a project of adding customer information to a new database from the old database. It was a lot of redundant, boring work and we both wanted to be done as soon as possible. We both had the same amount of customers to add but I was trying to outpace her and get done faster than her, to show that I work more efficiently and quickly. I had to focus real hard and take very quick lunches so that I could get done as much as I could.
29	low	I teach CPR. During every class, we have to run a CPR situation where the students pair up and work together to save a life with CPR. I help them out and it feels incredibly collaborative every time we do it.
30	low	Everybody at my work all banded together to throw a little party wiht a potluck
31	high	The situation I was in that caused me to become competitive and ignore working with others was a work situation involving myself and a colleague working on a project. I wanted to be given more credit for the success of the group and I began working towards that goal instead of working with my partner.
32	low	I was a project I was working on, building a travel app, there were many disagreement and opinions, but I had to trust the process and the team.. it really made me see working in group differently.
33	low	I had to work together with my friend in a game recently to solve a puzzle. The puzzle required us to work together, like it was divided into two separate rooms and we couldn’t see each others screens, so we had to verbally say what we were seeing if that makes sense. First it was hard because we didn’t understand it, but after we communicated we were able to get to the end. I remember we were both excited and eager to get through it.
34	high	We implemented a new performance evaluation system at work where the number of referrals processed by each individual was compared. This made it to where performance became a competition and all of my coworkers were competing to grab referrals first. I think it has severely reduced the quality of work because of the emphasis on quantity and it has resulted in people being unwilling to help others.
35	low	I recently worked on a big audit project with my team, where we all had different tasks but needed to rely on each other to finish on time. I focused on the financial statements, while others handled tax and risk analysis. we communicated openly, helped each other, and trusted everyone to do their part. In the end, we met the deadline and felt proud of the teamwork and support we showed.
36	high	My fiance always go play tennis. I’ve been playing since high school, so we’ll over 30+ years and when I play I take it very seriously even if I don’t mean to. So when I play with my fiance, we usually get into a small argument because he cannot play at all. His balls go flying everywhere and I always get upset because I want to play a real match.
37	low	We purchased shelving units for our events closets so I cooperated with my team to rethink organization of the closet for spacial reasons and for constructing the shelving units themselves.
38	high	My job is task based so how much you earn is based on how much work you do. I try to quickly take every task available before anyone else can get to it. In many discussions, lots of people complain about not having any work available. I get plenty of work because I stay focused.
39	high	I was playing a video game where we had to race each other - it was supposed to be a clean race and a friendly game but I used a power up towards the end to hit him and win. He was sore about it but I was feeling competitive.
40	high	THE LATEST COMPETITIVE SITUATION IS SADLY MY DIVORCE. I ACTED PRIMARILY FAIRLY, ALTHOUGH I WAS LOOKING OUT FOR MY BEST INTEREST, WHILE THE OTHER PARTY WAS SLY AND VINDICTIVE. HE WAS ACTING ON HIS WORST BEHAVIOR AND REALLY WITH POOR SENSE OF JUDGEMENT AND FAIRNESS.
41	high	A few months ago prior to the end of the year bonuses being given out, there was a competition between a few of the teams at work to see who could design a certain part the fastest in addition to the work they had already been doing. Since the reward was quite a bit of money everyone was staying late trying to work on the problem. I feel as though my team was generally fair to others and kept to ourselves. However, one of the other teams didn’t appear to be participating at first then ended up stealing work from another team to get ahead without much effort.
42	low	At work there have been instances that supervisors kind of pit employees against each other to draw criticism of themselves. I would say when they do things thats not done by seniority it gets workers mad and worked up
43	high	Working in a bar, where a “captain” (he was actually a con man) claimed that he would invite the servers and bartenders to work on his yacht. So everyone was schmoozing him and not working well together, the staff that didn’t try to schmooze him was totally in the weeds trying to pick up the slack from the other waitstaff.
44	low	I was leading a team of people to prepare children’s craft projects for the upcoming year. I had everything organized, but I needed a lot of people to do pretty boring and menial jobs. Lots of cutting and folding and things like that. Everyone was so nice and helpful. We had people age 14 to their 70s, and we all had such a nice time working together and chatting. We got EVERYTHING done in 5 days, which seemed impossible, but we did it!
45	low	I was in a group that was making a poster to celebrate women and we were all happy and cooperative. We could be more creative that way and it was obvious. No one felt suppressed or bashful because we were all doing the same thing.
46	high	A recent situation that brought out my competitive side was playing bowling with my friends. It definitely was not that serious of a competition but whenever I am playing games where I am a solo competitor I get really into it and want to win. I was not the best player by far but it was still fun to be aggressive while playing and trash talking a bit.
47	low	I’m reminded of helping our sales team, a customer, and IT. We all worked together to provide the customer with a good quick and seamless upgrade of their office systems.
48	high	A competitive situation that I recall was in my workplace. My company was holding a competition based on who could get through a report the quickest. If you were the winner, you got lunch paid for for a week. When this competition launched, everyone turned their full attention to the report and stopped being helpful or working on other tasks.
49	high	We were having a team building exercise, with a game show style trivia quiz with gift cards as prizes. It really brought out the competitive streak in people. While it was mainly friendly, you could see some people getting visibly frustrated, whether it was for not buzzing in timely, for for not knowing the answers, they were getting visibly upset.
50	low	For one of our work tasks, my co-worker and I had to meet independently and type up a report using a new program we were both not completely familiar with. My co-worker set up a meeting after having asked for my availability, but she never told me the final chose that and time. She simply asked me five minutes into the meeting time whether I was going to log in or not. I told her a was not home and would have to reschedule. Fortunately, she agreed and admitted that she should have emailed me directly about the chosen time and date for the meeting instead for assuming I had seen it marked in our shared calendar. I also apologized for not having looked at the calendar. We were both cooperative in find a good time to work outside of our typical work ours, but there were communication challenges.
51	low	One of my leads was rejected and when I spoke to my supervisor we listened to the call together and he determined that QA should not be rejecting leads like the one I submitted. We then wrote a proposal together suggesting further action in the future.
52	high	Our team had a contest about how many new hires they could onboard in the system and get into payroll in a week time frame before our peak season. Typically, it’s a smooth process and if someone needs assistance, a more experienced team member will assist to resolve. It’s truly teamwork. However, the contest had a prize of $1000 and an entry ticket for a drawing for a cruise after peak season. The vibes and atmosphere changed quickly. The ongoing back and forth chit chat between coworkers disappeared. Nobody volunteered to help others. I was solely focused on getting this prize money. Others struggled in various steps of the process but seasoned team members were not assisting. People were skipping lunches. The atmosphere was becoming hostile.
53	high	I can be a very single minded and focused person when I have an objective. I work in video editing as a manager and I always like to do my best work because I think it will help me in the future. We recently had a competition between departments to finish a project within a month and the department that finished their task, which were a lot, finished first (and their work was high quality) could have a paid week off for all team members in the future. As a manager of that department I really pushed my team hard to finish our project. Normally we would help out other departments but I felt that would hurt our chances so I had my team only focus on our project. It may have slightly hurt other teams and I may have pushed them a bit harder than normal but we won that contest and I think a week of paid time off was was a great prize.
54	high	Last year I was going up for a promotion at work for group manager, I was part of three or four people that were really good candidates for this position. The months leading up to the interview and the decision by my department, I worked extremely hard and made sure to show everyone what I could do. The other people around me were also very very competitive. I don’t think that we’re very happy with my extra effort efforts.
55	low	We had a fellow officer pass away a couple months ago, luckily in his sleep instead of something worse. We ended up as a group getting money together to help his surviving family, his wife and daughters. We gave them a solid support system to band into, as well as showing up as a sign of support during the memorial.
56	low	At work I had to work on a booklet that required me to collaborate with people across campus. To get everyone to participate I had to project manage, but everyone was open and willing to give feedback and edit under a constructive timeline.
57	low	Today at work I had to rely on my help. Some employees were gone and I could not have done it on my own. It was bracing a residential roof. Very labor intensive. We did great and everything went better than planned.
58	low	I was recently working on a group project at work. Everyone was assigned a different task to get it completed. At first, there were a few people who were not pulling their weight, but in the end everyone came together.
59	low	Recently had a meeting to plan a special event at my workplace. Despite being the least ranking person, I scheduled the meeting, led the meeting, took notes, delegated, etc. My colleagues were indecisive but ultimately fairly cooperative.
60	low	My husband and I needed to pull off a somewhat traditional, culturally honoring their Irish heritage St. Patrick’s Day dinner that incorporated favorite foods of both of our kids under 8, one eats corned beef and the other hates it. We worked together on making the different common dishes, taking turns making the dishes we were each good at and trading off in prep. As for the main meats, he provided support on prepping the corned beef for pressure cooking and I worked on chicken tenders for the other kid. Everything came together on time and the kids enjoyed having their favorite, different foods and those they had in common served to them at the same time! Erin Go Braugh!
61	low	At the grocery store a few weeks back a woman was displaying symptoms of either a heart attack or anxiety attack and grabbed on to multiple people for help. Amongst the crowd growing one person called 911, another had her sit down, another ran to customer service for a cold pack and water. We all worked together to make her feel safe until ems arrived.
62	low	This was when me and my team needed to finish a project because a deadline was quickly coming as it was the end of the year. My teammates as well as myself knew how important this was and we all decided to make some sacrifices to finish this. We all stated overtime after work for at least 2 hours even though we weren’t getting paid for it. We put everything aside and made this project our main priority.
63	low	We were all volunteering at a local food pantry. We all were working hard for the same common purpose. Some of unloaded trucks and others packed food.
64	low	I was running a small event with two other collaborators, and we had to deal with some issues with a projector that was supposed to project slides for the audience. Me and my collaborators had to work together to solve the issue with the projector so that the event could run as planned. It was stressful, as we didn’t want the audience to think that we weren’t prepared–the problem with the projector wasn’t our fault. But ultimately we were able to pool our knowledge of technology to get the projector working–which felt honestly kind of exhilarating once it came together! The rest of the event went perfectly, and the challenge we had to overcome together made the event feel even more successful.
65	high	I was playing cup pong against one of my good friends. She was winning and I started feeling very competitive like I HAD to beat her, or win as quickly as possible.
66	low	A situation that recently brought out my collaborative side was working with friends to build a DnD world. I made the document and added everyone to it, and everyone has either pitched segments to add to the world, or edits that would make a particular part of the world work better
68	low	We have been navigating through a platform upgrade, which many were not in favor of, though it was deemed necessary. We have hired a less-than-ideal and inexperienced administrator to help us with it, and it has left us to be as cooperative as possible to make the outcome/results yield as much in our favor as possible.
69	low	We had an issue with resolving a problem with a customer. After we (myself and another customer service rep) researched the possible options, we were able to come up with a suitable resolution.
70	high	There was a time where there was a contest going on in order to sign up as many people for our rewards program as you can in 4 weeks. I was very competitive. I normally am not. But there were rewards at the end for gift card that help out. Other employees were kind of rude to people when they were trying to get them to sign up.
71	high	Recently I went for a promotion at work that was highly competitive and the other candidates were nervous but prepared, as was I.
72	high	We were having a visit from corporate at our retail store. All of us team leaders wanted our departments to look the best. Team leaders were pulling employees from other departments to give themselves an advantage and hurt the others chance to impress.
73	high	You were feeling very competitive and felt that you needed to cheat in order to win.
74	high	A situation that ignited competition at work would be last year when we were fully staffed in a mental health clinic and there would be schedule changes dependent on your case load number and retention rate. At that moment, it did feel that my worth was directly related to retention and the comparison to the other counselors in my department. Which, the field I work in - addiction specifically - we often know that no shows or retention can be completely out of our control and have nothing to do with the skill of the counselor. However, at the time, it felt like my failures if a patient did not come to an appointment or no showed and my merit was compared to other counselors. It was like the retention and being able to pick your schedule based on retention performance build a hierarchy of competency, and I think that the team collaboration definitely decreased and just communication and relationships in the office were reduced. It was an isolating experience and anxiety inducing I would say.
75	low	I work at a university in an office with a testing center. My office is very small and there are only four staff members. One is the testing specialist, while the rest of us don’t know much about the testing center. The testing specialist know that she would be out during a very busy time. She left us a detailed note of information about testing that we should know. When she was gone, my other coworkers and I cooperated closely to make sure that things were done correctly.
76	low	I was working on a difficult project and had to keep email questions to the scheduler while I was working on it. At the same time I was also submitting information that she was looking over. But throughout the day she would still respond to my questions and I would return to that part, or if she came across issues she would respond to me and I’d answer them. It was interesting we were working together on the same thing from different sides.
77	high	There was a point in time when myself and friends were trying to learn how to write codes. We really challenge each other to ensure that we practice for at least 12 hours per day and in a month,we must have a significant progress,we did that and in three months we are expert. This really made me worked hard towards that because it was like a competition per day and I achieved it
78	low	In a group project in university, we had a hard deadline to finish a tough coding problem. Our group was not very experienced, and were getting frustrated with how the project was progressing. We were able to come together in a group meeting to review the principles, and came up with a plan to tackle the project. Having a plan let us relax, and tensions were lowered.
79	low	this situation happened from my last shift at work. I was working on a night shift and there was only two nurses on our unit working. We have a supervisor who is not working directly to the patients. He helped me and the other nurse and in return we helped the supervisor with the emergency
80	low	At work we work in teams. Everyone except one person contributes equally. This person will do the least work and everyone has noticed.
81	low	My boyfriend and I have been renovating our bathroom and bedroom. Though I don’t know much about installing showers or tiling floors, I was able to help him with certain tasks, such as holding lights, holding materials in place while he cut/nailed, etc. We communicate very well and work together great as a team. He’s very patient with me when I’m confused about something. I feel like I am good moral support for him when he gets frustrated that something isn’t working correctly.
82	high	I honestly haven’t worked in many environments where people were that level of cutthroat with one another. There was no need to - everyone enjoyed competing for competition’s sake and also because it’s more fun when things are fair. Though, outside of the work environment - I have run into this attitude of “I must get ahead in whatever way possible” in a online writing competition, of all things. It was one where readers and competitors both could vote in polls to choose which authors made it to the end of the competition. While “pimping” was encouraged, there were some who very much relied so heavily on that and not the quality of their writing to get them through from one vote to the next. They’d also formed alliances, etc, behind the scenes in order to secure higher places within the competition. It honestly killed the fun of competition for me.
83	low	A couple months ago, one of my co-workers lost her brother very suddenly in a car accident. She was very close to him and it really hit her like a massive slap in the face. Everyone in my department reached out to her to offer her our condolences over what happened. Having lost my father very suddenly in 2021, I could empathize with her. Indeed I think everyone in the department lost someone at some point, so we could all relate. While she took some time off to grieve his loss and handle his affairs, the rest of the department stepped up. As a manager there, I was impressed I need not even have asked others to pick up the slack due to the sudden temporary loss of a coworker. People worked together, put in extra time at their work, and made sure we had each others back. In the end, everyone got their work done so no harm was done due to her absence. It was a team spirit sort of thing and I was very proud of them all.
84	low	It was a very calm yet chaotic scene with people frantically looking around to figure out what to do.
85	high	I work on a second, later shift and often take the blame for things that go wrong. They are small things, like a miscounting of materials and the like, but I get blamed for these things and often offer suggestions that would stop these from happening, but no one listens to me. So I started doing things on my own in order to limit the opportunities for first shift to blame me.
86	low	My department was tasked with giving feedback on a program that would replace a program we frequently use to manage files internally. Everyone submitted their ideas on how to make the new program as good as possible. It will be rolled out shortly but we’re all optimistic that we were able to work together and provide valuable insights for the developer to use.
87	high	One of the situations that brought out my completive side was when me and one of my coworkers were working a party. We were the only two bartenders that night and it was obvious that the boss was judging each of us against each other. The better I did, the more shifts and money I could potentially make. We had some cohesion between each other, but generally the mood was tense.
88	low	A few days ago I had some horrible stomach issues and had to miss work to go to the ER. My boss said everything was fine then when i got in the next day i was fired. I went in the next day to get my tools out of the service truck. When there another employee was there so i said goodbye to him. He said that he was surprised i was fired and that it was a shock to him and seemed very sudden.
89	low	This was a multi team project with each team trying to compete for the most involvement. At first is was maybe a bit more hostile and folks were not too keen on sharing details and progress of their work but as the deadline approached the teams were able to collaborate effectively.
90	low	We encountered a situation where some of the accounts where I work were closed accidentally. All the staff who could help stayed late, offering suggestions and assistance until we could get everything restored correctly and tested. No suggestion was downplayed as a bad idea, and everyone helped each other lead to the best plan.
91	high	Recently at work I was put on a board for a promotion against a few other co workers. Not only were out accomplishments put in front of the board but we also had to answer questions on why we felt more deserving. It was very competitive between a lot of us in the office as we all wanted the promotion so there was tension and a lot of us didn’t interact with each other during this.
92	low	My job involves helping customers via phone calls to assist with troubleshooting. On occasion I’ll get a transfer from our accounts department. This makes me feel cooperative because i want to help the customer, and my coworker. We make sure to communicate the customers problem so the transfer goes smoothly, and customer does not need to explain things twice.
93	high	I recently was in line for a promotion that two other people were also eligible for. I had to give my supervisor compelling reasons why I deserved the promotion but also reasons why my competitors did not. I was truthful and did not embellish, but I also didn’t hold back. It didn’t bring me any pleasure to outline my co-workers faults, but I also knew that I was the most deserving candidate for the promotion.
94	low	We had a team paper to write and some people on the team turned in subpar work. So we had a group meeting to discuss certain things like an agreement on what quality work is, does anyone need help with any issues with research or compiling information. We all agreed to engage in respect conversation and no judgmental comments. The goal was submitting a paper everyone was happy with and gave their best effort. We successfully met our goal and came together as a team.
95	low	I work on a team of six people that rotate work responsibilities on a biweekly basis. Sometimes people get along well and the processes run smooth and sometimes the team has disagreements and corrections to make while processing. Either way, the processes are always carried through to meet strict deadlines.
96	high	Recently I feel the working experience is more competitive in my organization because of the layoffs pressure. Most people work harder than before and also work longer time.
97	high	Our company has been making presentations to our parent company about how we operate, what our costs are, and the like. We are all doing our best to make ourselves look good individually, as there is a high risk of layoffs if we are deemed to not be that valuable. Everyone in this situation is working hard to appeal to the parent company, make themselves look valuable and productive, and show themselves to be a team player who goes above and beyond.
98	high	A situation in which the competitive edge was going on was a school fundraiser competition in which the child that sold the most items won a good prize. I live in a small town where everyone knows a lot of the same people so everyone was trying to get a hold of people first to ask them to contribute to their child.
99	high	As silly as it sounds, it was over a game of foosball. It was too long two, and it felt like someone on the other team continued to make up new rules. They were very subjective and made it very hard for the points. My team was scoring to actually count. The House Rules that continued to get clarified only seem to benefit the person who was making them up as the game was being played.
100	low	This is fairly easy to answer. Let me start with a bit of backstory first, it has been incredibly dry with low humidity the last few weeks in my county and we were put under a burn ban a few days ago, I live in a county where about 75% of our firefighters are volunteers, and yesterday there were extremely high winds. So I’m working the radio room in dispatch and we are getting an insane amount of fire calls back to back. Many of those because people ignored the burn ban and the with the winds yesterday the fires quickly got out of control. Every department was being constantly paged out to respond to a new fire call, sometimes before they even had a chance to clear the one they were working on. Also, fairly early in the afternoon yesterday the winds knocked over a tree that landed on a power transformer leading to the creation of a fairly large wildfire that required firefighters from every department in the county and the state forestry department to get it extinguished. This was in addition to the other “usual” 911 calls that were coming in. So my shift partner and I had to rely on each other to know what was going on with each call and trust that we were going to be able to back each other up. It was definitely an example of excellent teamwork yesterday. In case anyone reading this is curious, all of our firefighters made it through the day without being harmed; that was a huge plus.
101	high	A situation that brought out my competitive side was when was working towards a promotion at my work. The opportunity involved working on a complex project with limited spots and everyone knew that it would be a big career boost to anyone working on it. Initially i stayed collaborative but as the competition became more fierce, the environment shifted to a more competitive one. Some colleagues started witholding information and focused solely on their own progress.
102	high	When I was getting into college there was a scholarship competition where some of the top students received compensation. Some students that normally were collaborative started to withhold study materials they once shared. Others started to spread some misinformation about certain deadlines. Some people even began to exaggerate their roles in projects in the past to look better on paper
103	low	It was probably for a school project or a work project, where we were on a deadline, and everybody was assigned particular roles. Since we only had a certain amount of time to complete the project, we all worked cooperatively together to ensure that everyone was pulling their full weight. We took the time to listen to everyone’s ideas, and get their input, and we were very patient with one another.
104	low	I work at a pizza and wings slash bar combo restaurant and sometimes we get pretty large catering orders since we’re also a college bar in a busy downtown area. One day we were really short staffed and busy inside the restaurant as well as the bar on the roof and got a catering order for 50 burgers, 50 chicken tenders and 100 fries as well as a couple of catering sized appetizers. I’m usually on pizza side so all I had was the appetizers which are fairly easy since they’re baked in the oven for about an hour. Since I didn’t have much I felt the need to help my other teammates because I knew how stressful it would be for them to tackle that as well all the other orders continuing to come in. I ended up taking on the sit in orders that were coming in so they could focus solely on the large catering order we had. It ended up going really smoothly, especially since our manager also came in on their off day to help with the finishing touches and boxing and transporting it to the location. That was definitely a time we all worked together as a team and helped our fellow coworkers.
105	high	We recently had to update our company logo and this job was given to 3 of us in the company. We are a trucking company and we had to find a way to incorporate our name and moto within the logo. The reward would be a $250 gift card of our choice. It is fair to say that since we are a family owned company and all siblings between ourselves it was a fight to the finish. We had a great time trying to mess around with each others work (mine was even deleted at some point, “by accident”). In the end my younger brother was the winner. A great logo with a winding road that was so simple it made the most sense. He chose to use the winnings for company lunches so in the end we all won.
106	high	A situation that I had that reflects the one detailed in the previous screen, is a few months ago at my job. I was required to complete a work goal and pack a certain number of orders. Other members of my employer were required to do the same. The employee with the most packed orders in a duration of 4 weeks, would win a surprise gift. Everyone was competing for the prize and not aware of what the prize might be. People were kind of pushy and on edge trying to beat one another.
107	low	The situation was pretty embarrassing. It was something that I don’t want to experience ever again.
108	high	I work in a retail grocery, and no such situation as described in the survey comes to mind. I am an older worker, and the most near situation I can think of is my commitment to remain busy at all times and be fastidious in regard to the rules of the organization. Some workers, for example, keep their cell phones with them during working hours, which is not a practice endorsed by the company. When I try to “lead” at work, I find myself trying to lead by example: I will try to do what I can to satisfy customers, and when there are lulls, I will try to stay busy by cleaning and doing necessary, but often forgotten, housecleaning tasks.
110	low	a cross-functional group of colleagues and I recently collaborated to organize and plan a charity event for our company. We organized a walk to raise money for a specific charity our company donates to which involved managing schedules, communications, booking amenities and vendors, among a lot of other logistics. We all work in various departments and therefore don’t know one another personally all that well, but we were all able to contribute in meaningful ways which ultimately resulted in a successful event. Everyone acted polite and showed a willingness to help. I felt like everyone was equally invested and we all contributed in effective ways which streamlined the planning process. Despite not working directly with this group prior, we all established the same goal and worked collectively toward it and put on a really great event that raised the most money and had the highest employee participation of any like-event in the past which I think really speaks to our cooperative nature.
111	high	This happened during a work project where our team was competing for a few leadership roles on a high-profile initiative. The atmosphere was definitely tense—everyone wanted to stand out and secure one of those roles, so people started focusing more on their own contributions than on teamwork. In meetings, colleagues were more vocal, pushing their ideas harder, and many of us were putting in extra hours to prove our commitment. It felt like the collaboration took a backseat, with some people holding back information or being less willing to help others, as if winning the role was the only thing that mattered.
112	low	A recent situation that brought out my cooperative side was when I worked on a collaborative writing project with a team of 4. We were tasked with creating content for a community event, and each of us had different strengths. Some were good at brainstorming ideas, while others writing, and some at editing. In the community event writing project our team collaborated closely with each person contributing their strengths. We communicated openly, trusted each other, and offered help when needed. We focused on the collective goal rather then individual recognition. Everyone supported each other with honesty and compassion, ensuring the project’s success.
113	high	I am new at my job so I am just trying to learn instead of compete with my colleagues but I would say I feel a bit competitive on the fact that I used to be the go to person at my old job and I feel in competition with the go to person at my current job.
114	low	I am an Architect and I am presently supervising a construction of the building I designed. The Engineer (builder) was contracted by my client and we’ve working in good terms. But very recent my client tried to pit us against each other, He asked him engineer some questions that were meant for me to answer and I was planning to discuss it with my client. After asking the engineer he came and quarried about the response he got from the engineer which I had already rectified. That fact the engineer responded without telling me got me angry. But then when I got to site the next day I spoke to him about it and he explained what happened and we settled the isssue and he also thanked me for bring it up instead of keeping it to myself. we resolved the issues.
115	low	I was creating Confluence pages for the department that contained a lot of technical information that I was beyond my expertise. I worked with a group of subject matter experts to help draft the pages, review and edit, then revise as a group. I had to relay on their expertise and trust that what they were giving me was correct.
116	low	I got into some trouble a few years ago and was sentenced to community service. When I got there you could tell no one wanted to be there. Everyone was complaining and acting annoyed. The service we were doing was handing out hot meals for thanksgiving to people who couldn’t afford to buy dinner or didn’t have anywhere to go for dinner. The first half of the day was spent cooking which everyone hated. It was hot and the kitchen was cramped. When the people started coming through everyone got more annoyed because there was swarms of people who just kept coming. At the end of the day we were all out food when a lady came in with 5 kids all under the age of 10. when we told them we were out of food she politely said thank you and started to leave. suddenly a couple of the kids started to cry and one of the other girls working with me saw a little girl about 8 years old reach in the trash and get a roll. We were all amazed and I was personally broken hearted that we had no food for this family on Thanksgiving. Everyone was feeling sad when one of the other girls asked if Mcdonalds was open thinking maybe she could buy the kids a happy meal. Then everyone started counting their money. A few people called their families and some even called their churches. we got permission to keep the kitchen open longer and between what cash we all pooled together and the leftovers our families and churches brought we were able to feed another 125 or so more people. At the end of the day what started out as punishment ended up being the most rewarding day of my life,
117	low	I work in retail. This week, my acting manager posted a report grid showing how many enrollments each cashier had regisitered for the company loyalty rewards program. On the bottom of the report, she wrote a note congratulating one associate for also making one upgrade enrollment. She even went so far as to write the had had made the “only” upgrade enrollment. The problem is, I noticed that there was a second cashier who had sold an upgrade, but she had not been recognized, I mentioned this to her and she left a note thanking herself for her hard work - it was done with humor, but the point was made. The actinhg manager did acknowledge that she had missed the second enrollment when she was reviewing the report and has since apologized to the slighted cashier.
118	low	Recently, our team faced a critical deadline for large-scale image annotation project. The dataset was complex, requiring very specific and consistent labeling. Instead of working in isolated silos, we established a constant communication channel. We shared detailed examples and best practices, and when someone struggled with a particular category, others jumped in to provide guidance and feedback.
119	high	At my organization, we had a special project that had us testing cutting-edge Ai tech. This project was placed as a priority task, so the amount of ‘seats’ available for workers was limited and subject to quick draining, the qualifications for this were tight and rigorous, and the promised payment was MUCH higher than normal. For all of these reasons, it became a rush for people to break into this project, with the more standard projects being left more untouched. People were agitated, only interested in teamwork if it would help them get an edge on getting the qualifications done, and overall stressed.
120	low	At lunch the person who was suppose to give the lunch order was not there. While people knew she was away they did not realize that she was the one who needed to be on the I pad. Because of this, the line for lunch was out the door. I sat in to start even though it was not my turn onto a co worker could take over.
121	low	these people were acting insincere about the issues. They did not provide a good outlook.
122	high	I remember one time my family and I decided to have a family friendly cook off competition. We started doing homemade snacks first and one member one that competition. Then we had a main course to compete together. My family member was acting stuck up like their food was the best in the world just because they won the first round. It made me want to try my hardest to win the contest.
123	high	In a recent work project, the start up I’m part of was competing for a major client. Everyone was eager to outshine one another, and instead of focusing on collaboration, each of us was more concerned with positioning our ideas as the best. This led to some tension in the group, where people were hesitant to share or help others for fear it might give them an edge. The competition overshadowed the sense of teamwork, and I felt like it became a “win at all costs” mentality rather than supporting ach other.

Reflection

Now, imagine those kinds of [competitive/cooperative] attitudes and behaviors as describing a whole workplace culture. Imagine people in a department or work group thinking and acting in that [competitive/cooperative] way.

If you were a manager in that kind of workplace, with that [competitive/cooperative] culture, how would you act? Please write a few sentences below about how you, as a manager, would treat and interact with employees in that kind of [competitive/cooperative] setting.

PID	cond	desc_reflection
1	high	I would act aggressively and dominant. I would give incentives to people who work hard.
2	high	I would prioritize making decisions that make me look good over benefits to the other employees
3	low	I would listen to everyone. I would compare logic, and I would poll the group to determine which approach to take
4	low	I think that I would feel proud being in a setting where everyone is working cooperatively, and actually working well.
5	high	And this had a culture you have to be worthless. The manager has to ruthless. There can be no dissension because if this program that we are worried about goes through, it will seriously damage to our program so I can’t allow anyone else in my program to be cooperative because there is no room for cooperation
6	high	I would encourage a lot of activities away from work that we could do together. Teambuilding activities.
7	low	As a manager, I would try to promote that culture by making sure it was noticed and praised. I would try to act in a way that was consistent with this by joining in on certain duties with the team. It would be important to maintain my effectiveness as a manager but also encourage a cooperative environment by participating in a hands-on way whenever possible, and by encouraging others who demonstrated that attitude.
8	low	I would be very happy to work in this kind of environment. I would be very trusting of my supervisees and fellow employees.
9	high	As a manager in a competitive setting, I would be much more likely to encourage cooperation in a “rising tide raises all boats” situation. I don’t like to be around cut throat attitudes and usually don’t feel comfortable trusting people who have that kind of mindset.
10	low	I would act very proud and let my employees know how rare and cherished they are. People are often set in their ways and don’t anticipate to compromise.
12	high	I would love a more competitive environment. It sometimes brings out the bad in people but usually brings out fun and good natured tendencies. I would make sure to correct any bad attitudes but let people use the good ways to get it done.
13	high	I think It would be challenging to work in that sort of environment. I would have to preach humility and be mindful of praising people when they rech milestones. I would also praise humility.
14	low	I would make sure to give great feedback but I would likely back away from micro managing and trust that my team works so well together that they keep one another accountable. This is a dream scenario, a manager might finally have to manage rather than put out fires all day every day.
15	high	I would try to calm it down if needed. Some people thrive in those settings, but others get burnt out. You need to figure out what each employee needs to thrive.
16	low	I would show that I am willing to do whatever tasks that I assign. I would step in to help if my employees asked me if they needed help.
17	high	I would try to reduce the amount of competing among the workers. I would try to find ways to work together through it.
18	high	I would treat them with respect and push for action. The goal being getting things done efficiently and swiftly
20	low	To me being open and honest with everyone is paramount. For everyone to be cooperative they have to feel comfortable and trust who they are working with. Presenting an approachable and friendly demeanor goes a long way to facilitating this environment.
21	low	As a manager I would encourage employee corporation. It makes for a pleasant working environment.
22	low	As the manager, it would require patience and active listening of the trainer and the new employees to get them up and running.
23	low	I would do everything in my power to continue to facilitate such an environment. I would encourage and reinforce clear communication between members of the team. My door would also be open to hearing everyone’s ideas.
24	high	I would encourage all employees to help one another and not be competitive. I would talk about how we are all on the same team and in order for us to succeed, we needed to work together and not separately.
25	low	If I were the manager I would encourage the employees for the cooperative culture and helping on another out. I would also attempt to reward the employees as well to encourage the behavior in the future.
26	high	If I were a manager I would not work in a competitive culture. I think that would not be an ideal environment for me to be in but if I had to be I would try to be kind to others and hear what they have to say.
27	high	I would emphasize communication and collaboration, trying to lower any made-up stakes
28	high	I would make my employees work real hard and wouldn’t take any excuses from them. I would probably be generally very strict on them.
29	low	I would see myself as a teammate rather than a manager. While I would oversee all of the actions, I would feel a sense of comradary and would feel as strong sense of the fact that we are all on the same team.
30	low	I would make sure that employees always felt like they could speak to me and ask for my help. Especially if they were having trouble balancing work load
31	high	As a manager I would encourage competitiveness but emphasize to keep it within the framework of the group and not to compete against each other.
32	low	Allowing people to contribute more instead of just making decisions and be open to people trying and failing than just sticking to the usual mode of operation.
33	low	If I was a manager in a cooperative workplace, I feel like I would do my very best to be a team player and contribute to the workplace. I’ve worked at a place like that before, and I used to put my coworkers above myself, especially because I was in a managerial position. The workplace would probably be pretty relaxed and warm, and I think I would feel comfortable talking about my personal life too.
34	high	I think I may end up acting in a way that furthers the competition, since that is what the workplace calls for. Pitting employees against each other based on performance and trying to drive them to excel by comparing them to one another. Skipping team building exercises in favor of presentations that emphasize who is doing the best and who is the lowest performer. I think the competition would turn into a hostile work environment. Some employees would thrive in the competitive setting and others would crumble and quit.
35	low	As a manager in a cooperative workplace, I’d encourage open communication, trust, and teamwork. I’d support my team by recognizing their strengths, offering help when needed, and celebrating our success together. My focus would be on creating an environment where everyone feels valued and motivated to work toward shared goals.
36	high	As a manager (have been in this situation in the past) I would call all parties involved into a room and have a sit down with them to find a resolution to the competitiveness so it doesn’t affect the rest of the department.
37	low	I would delegate tasks to others and welcome an environment that includes everyone’s opinions to be heard so that we arrive at the best conclusion.
38	high	If I was a manager, I would encourage people to work harder and try to be fast. If someone complained to me, I would console them, but give them tips and advice.
39	high	Competitive nature drives results. I would welcome the attitude and even reward those who go out of their way to outperform others.
40	high	I DON’T LIKE TO FOSTER A COMPETITIVE CULTURE, EVEN THOUGH I AM IN A COMPETITIVE BUSINESS. I DO TENT TO STRIVE FOR WHAT’S FAIR AND JUST. SO, I WOULD CONTINUE TO IMPOSE THAT ON MY STAFF. I WOULD LIKE THEM TO FLOURISH WITHOUT HAVING TO OVERSTEP ANYONE’S BOUNDARIES.
41	high	If I was supporting of the competitive atmosphere I would encourage teams to do whatever they thought was best to get ahead. In my mind it wouldn’t matter if teams or people had some tension between them because it would encourage everyone to do their best to win. I would also add in incentives for employees so they would be competitive.
42	low	I would love being in a environment as such described. Overall it would mean no drama and people get along and are doing well
43	high	I would try to incentivize everyone to do a good job and focus on teamwork by making sure to distribute the rewards of their efforts.
44	low	Lots of thank yous and acknowledgement of help and contributions. Respecting other people’s time and boundaries and work/life balance. Phrasing things in positive ways. Not making people compete for anything.
45	low	I would only say things in a positive manner and I would think about how my words could affect someone. I would try to remember that this is a group who needs to work together for one goal. I would want to remember that everyone is equal.
46	high	If I was a manager in a workplace that has a competitive culture I would honestly try to level the playing field for the employees as much as possible. As much as I enjoy being competitive in other areas of my life, I do not love competition in the workplace. I find that people work much more effectively and productively when collaboration and teamwork are at the forefront of an organization. If people still want to be competitive I suppose that is there choice but I would not want to perpetuate the toxic elements of competitive workplaces.
47	low	I would have scheduled team meetings where we could highlight how the cooperation was positive for the group and workplace. If there was opportunity for rewarding the team in place, I would try to implement them.
48	high	I would try to calm the tension in the office and do anything that I could to reduce the competitiveness. That kind of environment is not stable for working.
49	high	Managing a group in a competitive environment would require a deft hand, to ensure that everyone is still relatively happy, whether they “win” or not. If one person continuously lost, it would definitely impact their morale. In additional information would not be shared, as everyone would be seeking a competitive edge over their coworkers.
50	low	As a manager, I would be more respectful about work hours and not ask employees to meet independently on their own time. I would be cooperative by helping my co-workers not do additional work that may lead to stress and worsen outcome quality.
51	low	I would encourage them to do the same so we could all get on the same page and also increase morale for our agents.
52	high	I would want to promote the competitive culture in a more healthy way. Multi level incentives. Rewards for teamwork mindset. Bonus points if you helped someone resolve an issue.
53	high	I am a manager and normally I try and be kind of hands off. I have the philosophy that if everyone does their work (and high quality work) then I don’t want to micromanage. However, when there is a competition, especially with a bonus of some sort, then I will push everyone harder then before. I would still be kind but far more firm, considering that if we have deadlines, then I need all hands on deck. I try to keep my eyes on the prize and focus the team on their task and only their task.
54	high	I think if I was a manager, which I am now, I definitely encourage people to be competitive, but at the same time you have to be collaborative. Some competition is good because it allows the best people and the best ideas to rise.
55	low	If I was a manager and witnessed that kind of cooperative setting, I would do my best to foster it. Getting that kind of setting is incredibly difficult to attain, and it would be extremely beneficial to keep that for the happiness of the coworkers, because when people are happy, they work better.
56	low	I would give my employees windows to collaborate and give feedback and criticism on projects because sometimes to keep things moving along everyone’s input doesn’t not need to be weighed in throughout the whole project.
57	low	It would be a pleasure to work in a situation like this. It can’t always be that good but just the idea that it could makes me very happy.
58	low	I would encourage everyone more. I think today people want to be hard on their employees and be very strict. People don’t necessarily respond well to that.
59	low	I would want to empower people to make good decisions and just be decisive. We’re not splitting atoms; there’s room for imperfection. I think I would delegate to people and trust them to make smart decisions until I had a reason not to. And if they continually made poor decisions, or refused to make decisions, for the organization, I would not employ them.
60	low	Being a manager in a fully cooperative work setting would make the flow of work easier, with people leading those things which they were strongest and supporting the projects to the best of their ability when not leading. This makes being a servant-leader type manager easy because I would also be able to contribute as lead, contributor and collaborator.
61	low	I wouldn’t interfere much. Natural organic coordination among a group of coworkers is rare and it’s best to keep out of it.
62	low	I would treat all my workers in a thankful, grateful, and friendly way. If everyone is cooperative, everyone is working towards the same goal and there really is no other way to act than to be positive.
63	low	There would be a lot of brainstorming and democratic decisions. Anyone could make suggestions no matter their rank. We would share responsibilities and goals rather than have strict assignments.
64	low	If I were a manager in a workplace with a cooperative culture, I would be relatively hands off. I would trust my groups of employees to pool their resources and knowledge and work together, with the culture of cooperativeness helping to make the work the most effective it could be. I would see myself more as another collaborator and member of the team, rather than a boss, which I think would benefit the whole team and strengthen the collaborative culture.
65	high	I would make sure that each individual was given tasks that would highlight their own individual talents and skills, and hopefully that would keep a more positive environment.
66	low	If I were a manager that were that collaborative, I would take a very hands off approach. I would watch and see where people needed more help and guide overall style of the department, but I would give my team near total autonomy
68	low	Lead with autonomy and trust. Empower the people to do what they were hired to do. I have found this to be extremely powerful, when hiring the right people.
69	low	I would make sure to let the representatives know how grateful I was that they took the initiative to find a means of resolving the situation by thinking outside the box.
70	high	If I was a manager in a competitive culture then I would try to make sure that my employees were still kind to each other. It wont help out if they are rude or treat others poorly just to get to their end reward.
71	high	I believe I would act in self-defense at all times, always having to look out for myself though it’s not how I want to operate. I imagine it would be stressful and draining.
72	high	We would try to keep it competetive , but harness it for the betterment of the store. Get them to work together so that everyone in the store wins. It would still need to be a team first environment.
73	high	Assuming this was good for the company I would reward those who performed the best.
74	high	Well first, I would not make schedule changes based on retention performance in this field in the first place. It is not an accurate representation of a counselor’s performance. It can be part of it, but we do not have complete control of that. I would make it based on written feedback from clients and conduct meetings individually with counselors to discuss the evaluations. I do not think competitive mindsets are healthy in the workforce culture.
75	low	I would ensure that no one felt dumb and everyone felt safe to bring their questions or ideas to the table. I would also reward people who collaborated well.
76	low	As a manager in a cooperative workplace I would be very open and positive. I would assist my workers when they needed my assistance, and I wouldn’t have any reason to micromanage them or pester them about getting things done. I would utilize positive feedback and joke and cheer them on.
77	high	I would act with discipline,I will ensure that personally I am well discipline and also others at work inculcate such attitude too. I will be happy to see my people at work strive to ensure that they compete with each other to achieve a common goal and I will track everyone progress
78	low	Leading a team in a cooperative environment would be ideal. Instead of spending time and energy coralling upset workers to focus, time could be spent directing people efficiently and more things would get done. I would imagine it would be a lot less frustrating.
79	low	This is a very healthy work relationship and very productive
80	low	I would compliment my team but also talk to individuals to do better. When we all work together, the jobs get done faster.
81	low	A someone who has worked under both “bad” and good managers I can certainly appreciate the difference. If I were the manager I would like to think I would be calm and patient with my employees as they learn and/or make mistakes. Encouragement and positivity are key in any workplace. No one needs to feel like a disappointment and no one needs to get angry when something goes wrong. Let’s all take a breath and figure out how to fix the problem and continue the job.
82	high	I wouldn’t be a manager of a competitive workplace culture like that. I would legitimately be like oh that’s your company culture? Yeah sorry this job isn’t for me and I am not the kind of manager you want. But if I worked somewhere that eventually shifted into this kind of thinking and I was loyal to my team, I would essentially stand up for all of them to do shit in the ways that made them comfortable / would do everything I could to dismantle that bullshit competitive attitude and instead focus on cooperation and community building across teams. Because fuck that.
83	low	I would treat them as peers and talk to them, not down to them as I always do. I would also encourage everyone under me to be creative and think outside the box to get the job done. Trying to act as a cheerleader of sorts, I’d remind them that I know they have it in them to do this so go for it!
84	low	If I were a manager in a workplace I would value the time that my employees spent together as the idea of working as a team can greatly impact how the employees feel and how quickly things can get done
85	high	First shift could make less or more items than I do, and I could do the same. If I were a manager I would offer an incentive of some kind for the most provable. I would treat all employees with the same respect but I would want to make it clear that miscounts affect the overall production. I would want to also make it a fun activity of sorts, as much as possible. I don’t want to be an overbearing manager.
86	low	If I was a manager in an incredibly cooperative and collaborative culture I would be friendly, positive, and encouraging. I would make others feel free to express themselves and that it’s okay to take risks and make mistakes.
87	high	If I was a manager, I would try to be clear with how I am judging people. You want to give people something to work towards, even if it’s just selling drinks. The last thing you want is people to be against each other or going out of their way to make it difficult for others. I would just try to lead from example and give people my support.
88	low	If i was the manager i would have at least explained the situation to the other employees. The way he did it will make people feel like they could be let go at anytime and no one is above being fired for no reason. That destroys cooperative attitudes because no one feels like they really are part of a team and are expendable
89	low	I love when my employees get to interact with other teams and cooperate with them. It not only broadens their horizons but engages them as well.
90	low	I would act in the most supportive way possible, offering incentives for cooperation and guiding everyone to help each other.
91	high	I would probably go about things differently so things wouldn’t get this bad between employees. You want things to be competitive but not to the point where it effects work and business relationships.
92	low	If i was a manager in that kind of culture i would do my best to communicate any changes coming up regarding the work/company. It would be important for my staff to feel comfortable coming to me with work and some personal issues.
93	high	I would probably be tasked with stoking that kind of competitiveness. It would be my job to make sure that everyone was doing the best work, and in this particular environment that would mean that the people I supervise would need to prioritize their competitiveness.
94	low	I would do my best to always be available and listen, make sure everyone has a voice. Know the difference between telling someone what to do and telling someone what to do-if I tell you what to do it benefits me if I give you direction it benefits you
95	low	I interact with the team by checking their work throughout the process and explaining corrections to be made in a respectful manner.
96	high	As a manager, I encourage teammates to work harder and proactive. I also encourage them to work collaboratively instead of completely competitive.
97	high	I would do my best to defuse this competitive atmosphere by making clear that one person’s success is not another person’s failure, and that the success of the organization is what will reflect best on each of them. I do not believe that a competitive culture like this is healthy for employees or the organization itself.
98	high	It would be difficult to be in charge of a group of people when the group was so competitive and always trying to outdo one another
99	high	I would find it very disheartening. A little competitive culture could certainly make a group more productive, but at that level, I think it is very much counterproductive. I work hard to make sure everybody realize we were on the same team and had the same goals. If workgroups or incentives needed some restructuring to help make that a reality, I would be happy to do that.
100	low	I would be incredibly pleased to be in that kind of workplace. I would definitely do all I could to help my team out and continue to foster that cooperative spirit. I would also have confidence that the team was performing to the best of their abilities even when I was not present. I would treat all of the employees as valued members of the organisation and make sure that they knew how much I appreciated them and do whatever I could to show that appreciation.
101	high	I would try to bring in initiatives that would encourage more cross collaboration and less competition among employees.
102	high	I would work to balance ambition with fairness and ensure that competitive drives excellence and not toxicity
103	low	I would make sure to listen to, and respect every individual. I would treat them all equally. I would make sure that everyone put in their full weight and effort into the work.
104	low	I would be relax with my staff if they showed that kind of initiative and reward them for doing their job and functioning properly with the rest of the company to ensure all aspects run smoothly.
105	high	I would make sure that everyone treated each other with respect but still had the competitiveness. I would check on each person and encourage them with positive reinforming and even provide some ideas of help.
106	high	If I were a manager in that kind of workplace, I would act disappointed and try to get my employees to calm down. I would try to get my employees, to work with one another rather than competing for individual milestones. Also, in this type of work environment, I would stress that everyone is one team and shall compete with other companies, in similar fields.
107	low	I would imagine that I would want to stay as cooperative as possible towards everyone.
108	high	If I were a manager in a place with a highly competitive workplace culture, I would find myself trying to “channel” the competitiveness of the workplace into constructive, cohesive behavior. I would remind high-flying employees with big ideas and plans that those big ideas and plans will only come to fruition, both for the organization and for them as originators, if those big ideas and plans are communicated and coordinated within the organization as a whole. I would use the competitive nature of the organization to encourage and foster brain-storming and frank discussion of creative ideas in meetings. I would bend the organization’s focus on competitive attitudes and behaviors so as to drive excellent long term results without breaking that competitive spirit.
110	low	In a workplace with such cooperative culture, I would act as a supportive and approachable leader who isn’t above any responsibilities. I’d seek feedback and opinions from all employees and implement as best I’d be able to. Additionally, I’d show genuine interest and appreciation for all their contributions. Ultimately, I’d build genuine relationships and empower my team to foster a trusting dynamic. Transparency would be key too.
111	high	As a manager in a highly competitive workplace, I’d focus on balancing healthy competition with collaboration. I’d encourage employees to strive for their best while emphasizing the importance of teamwork and shared goals. Regularly recognizing both individual achievements and team successes would be key, to ensure people feel valued for their contributions without undermining others. I’d also foster open communication, making it clear that while ambition is important, supporting each other and working together ultimately leads to stronger results for everyone.
112	low	As a manager in a cooperative workplace I would foster open communication and create an environment where everyone feels valued and trusted. I would encourage callaboration by supporting team efforts and ensuring everyone’s strengths are recognized and utilized. I would make sure to be approachable, offering help when needed and creating opportunities for employees to share ideas and feedback. By leading with empathy, and honesty and focus on collective goals. I would help build a culture where mutual respect and cooperation thrive, and where every employee feels like an important part of the team’s success.
113	high	I would disapprove it if it seems unfriendly. I would emphasis that we are a team and she be collaborating not competing.
114	low	I will act cooperatetively with and listen to my workers to foster good working environment.
115	low	If all of my employees were working in an effective, cooperative way, I’d just stay out of their way. It sounds like they know the best way to get things done, which seems to be as a team, and I’d give them the autonomy to continue that way. It seems like it would be a pleasant, less-competitive environment to work in, which is soemthing I would like.
116	low	I would do everything I could to be encouraging and positive and keep morale up with my employees. I would enforce a positive atmosphere making sure to compliment everyoe on the good job they were doing.
117	low	I would be very careful when posting reports or making comments praising a member of the team to avoid overlooking others who made a similar contribution. I would also seek opportunities to praise my team as a whole instead of comparing one member to another.
118	low	As manage in the work place with a strong cooperative culture, I would focus on fostering and maintaining that environment. I would prioritize open and honest communication so everyone feels heard and valued.
119	high	I would want to stress the importance of teamwork and helping others, as I’d be worried that the environment would breed employees that are purely self-interested, to the detriment of themselves and overall workflow. The high-stress environment could leave people motivated, but susceptible to bad behaviors. I would want to discourage such behaviors and encourage that people work together.
120	low	I would have to start by leading by example. I would want them to say the helping culture is not just words, it is action done by all. Also, it would be important to give shout outs and recognize when people do works for others.
121	low	I would always interact with my team as positively as possible. I would want to work together and make the environment to be great again.
122	high	I would try to find ways where they would use their competitive side to their advantage. Setting goals to achieve would be one main reason. I would try to keep the competition friendly and not serious. We could still compete and have fun at the same time.
123	high	As a manager in a competitive culture. Id emphasize healthy competitions and clear goals while promoting collaboration over individual success. Id reword both individual and team accomplishment

Manipulation check: Competitive Worldview

This was presented all the way at the end of the study, as in Study 2

1. It’s a dog-eat-dog world where you have to be ruthless at times
2. Life is not governed by the “survival of the fittest.” We should let compassion and moral laws be our guide [R]
3. There is really no such thing as “right” and “wrong.” It all boils down to what you can get away with
4. One of the most useful skills a person should develop is how to look someone straight in the eye and lie convincingly
5. It is better to be loved than to be feared [R]
6. My knowledge and experience tell me that the social world we live in is basically a competitive “jungle” in which the fittest survive and succeed, in which power, wealth, and winning are everything, and might is right
7. Do unto others as you would have them do unto you, and never do anything unfair to someone else [R]
8. Basically people are objects to be quietly and coolly manipulated for one’s own benefit
9. Honesty is the best policy in all cases [R]
10. One should give others the benefit of the doubt. Most people are trustworthy if you have faith in them [R]

Cronbach’s alpha = 0.75

Relationship impact

In your opinion, what was the impact of this incident on the employee’s relationship with this manager? (1 = It had a strong negative effect on their relationship with their manager to 7 = It had a strong positive effect on their relationship with their manager)

Compliance impact

In your opinion, to what extent did the employee comply with what the manager was seeking or requesting? (1 = They did not comply at all with what the manager was seeking to 7 = They completely complied with what the manager was seeking)

Own behavior as the manager

In this situation, the manager wanted the employee to do something specific:

[TASK]

If you were a manager in this kind of situation, how likely would you be to act in the way the manager did, as described earlier? (1 = Not at All Likely to 5 = Extremely Likely)

Analysis

Manipulation check: CWV

t-test

cond	N	Mean	SD
high	54	2.753704	0.7181509
low	65	2.592308	0.7209602

t(113.19) = 1.22, p = 0.226, Lower CI = -0.1, Upper CI = 0.42, d = 0.23.

Random effects model

(#tab:unnamed-chunk-18)

Term	\(\hat{\beta}\)	95% CI	\(t\)	\(\mathit{df}\)	\(p\)
Intercept	2.59	[2.41, 2.77]	28.55	47.62	< .001
Cond num	0.16	[-0.09, 0.42]	1.25	116.72	.215

Relationship impact

t-test

cond	N	Mean	SD
high	54	1.925926	1.025189
low	65	1.630769	1.083531

t(115) = 1.52, p = 0.13, Lower CI = -0.09, Upper CI = 0.68, d = 0.28.

Random effects model

(#tab:unnamed-chunk-22)

Term	\(\hat{\beta}\)	95% CI	\(t\)	\(\mathit{df}\)	\(p\)
Intercept	1.64	[1.35, 1.92]	11.16	42.75	< .001
Cond num	0.29	[-0.08, 0.66]	1.52	113.00	.131

Compliance impact

t-test

cond	N	Mean	SD
high	54	3.888889	1.849698
low	65	4.261539	1.986493

t(115.45) = -1.06, p = 0.292, Lower CI = -1.07, Upper CI = 0.33, d = -0.2.

Random effects model

(#tab:unnamed-chunk-26)

Term	\(\hat{\beta}\)	95% CI	\(t\)	\(\mathit{df}\)	\(p\)
Intercept	4.12	[3.51, 4.73]	13.20	33.21	< .001
Cond num	-0.10	[-0.71, 0.51]	-0.31	104.50	.759

Own behavior as the manager

t-test

cond	N	Mean	SD
high	54	1.833333	1.0945836
low	65	1.600000	0.9968701

t(108.53) = 1.21, p = 0.231, Lower CI = -0.15, Upper CI = 0.62, d = 0.23.

Random effects model

(#tab:unnamed-chunk-30)

Term	\(\hat{\beta}\)	95% CI	\(t\)	\(\mathit{df}\)	\(p\)
Intercept	1.58	[1.27, 1.89]	10.05	39.12	< .001
Cond num	0.25	[-0.10, 0.60]	1.41	108.57	.160

Mediation model 1: Relationship expectancies

a = 0.3 (p = 0.132)
b = 0.45 (p = 0)
direct = 0.23 (p = 0.226)
indirect = 0.1 (p = 0.562)

Mediation model 2: Compliance expectancies

a = -0.37 (p = 0.295)
b = -0.05 (p = 0.354)
direct = 0.23 (p = 0.226)
indirect = 0.22 (p = 0.265)

Exploratory: high-dominance descriptions

Let’s see what happens when we filter for descriptions that were rated as dominant (4 or 5 on a 5-point scale) by the informants.

df_recd_elg_onlydom <- df_recd_elg %>% filter(desc_dom > 3)

Relationship impact

t-test

cond	N	Mean	SD
high	30	1.633333	0.7183954
low	43	1.604651	1.0721482

t(70.92) = 0.14, p = 0.892, Lower CI = -0.39, Upper CI = 0.45, d = 0.03.

Random effects model

(#tab:unnamed-chunk-37)

Term	\(\hat{\beta}\)	95% CI	\(t\)	\(\mathit{df}\)	\(p\)
Intercept	1.60	[1.29, 1.91]	10.00	22.79	< .001
Cond num	0.05	[-0.38, 0.48]	0.23	69.24	.821

Compliance impact

t-test

cond	N	Mean	SD
high	30	4.10000	1.881855
low	43	4.44186	1.842647

t(61.71) = -0.77, p = 0.444, Lower CI = -1.23, Upper CI = 0.55, d = -0.2.

Random effects model

(#tab:unnamed-chunk-41)

Term	\(\hat{\beta}\)	95% CI	\(t\)	\(\mathit{df}\)	\(p\)
Intercept	4.36	[3.59, 5.12]	11.19	18.04	< .001
Cond num	-0.08	[-0.82, 0.65]	-0.23	63.25	.822

Own behavior as the manager

t-test

cond	N	Mean	SD
high	30	1.566667	0.8172002
low	43	1.488372	0.8555726

t(64.34) = 0.4, p = 0.694, Lower CI = -0.32, Upper CI = 0.47, d = 0.1.

Random effects model

(#tab:unnamed-chunk-45)

Term	\(\hat{\beta}\)	95% CI	\(t\)	\(\mathit{df}\)	\(p\)
Intercept	1.49	[1.24, 1.74]	11.62	71	< .001
Cond num	0.08	[-0.31, 0.47]	0.39	71	.696

Mediation model 1: Relationship expectancies

a = 0.03 (p = 0.899)
b = 0.44 (p = 0)
direct = 0.08 (p = 0.696)
indirect = 0.07 (p = 0.709)

Mediation model 2: Compliance expectancies

a = -0.34 (p = 0.442)
b = -0.05 (p = 0.327)
direct = 0.08 (p = 0.696)
indirect = 0.06 (p = 0.765)