Assignment 1
DH
2025-03-13
Question One: Reading and Cleaning
##1.1 For our analysis, the subjects are not the cricketers themselves, but each batting innings they participated in. In order to make the data tidy ### a. Each subject needs its own row. Rearrange the data into a long format so that there is a row for each batter in each innings. Your new tibble should have 270 rows ### Loading the file ash.csv from computer
setwd("C:\\Users\\hoaan\\OneDrive\\Data Science\\Data taming, visualisation")
ashes = read.csv("ashes.csv", header = T)
colnames(ashes)## [1] "batter" "team" "role"
## [4] "Test.1..Innings.1" "Test.1..Innings.2" "Test.2..Innings.1"
## [7] "Test.2..Innings.2" "Test.3..Innings.1" "Test.3..Innings.2"
## [10] "Test.4..Innings.1" "Test.4..Innings.2" "Test.5..Innings.1"
## [13] "Test.5..Innings.2"the names of some columns contains capital letter and space, they need to be tamed to suggested format “test[number]_innings[number]“. Display the column names
library(dplyr)## Warning: package 'dplyr' was built under R version 4.4.3##
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter, lag## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## intersect, setdiff, setequal, unionlibrary(stringr)## Warning: package 'stringr' was built under R version 4.4.3ashes <- ashes %>%
rename_with(~str_replace_all(., "Test\\.(\\d+)\\.\\.Innings\\.(\\d+)",
"test\\1_innings\\2"))
colnames (ashes)## [1] "batter" "team" "role" "test1_innings1"
## [5] "test1_innings2" "test2_innings1" "test2_innings2" "test3_innings1"
## [9] "test3_innings2" "test4_innings1" "test4_innings2" "test5_innings1"
## [13] "test5_innings2"Convert the table to long version and display number of rows and columns
library(tidyverse)## Warning: package 'tidyverse' was built under R version 4.4.3## Warning: package 'ggplot2' was built under R version 4.4.3## Warning: package 'tidyr' was built under R version 4.4.2## Warning: package 'readr' was built under R version 4.4.2## Warning: package 'purrr' was built under R version 4.4.2## Warning: package 'forcats' was built under R version 4.4.3## ── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
## ✔ forcats 1.0.0 ✔ readr 2.1.5
## ✔ ggplot2 3.5.1 ✔ tibble 3.2.1
## ✔ lubridate 1.9.3 ✔ tidyr 1.3.1
## ✔ purrr 1.0.4
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
## ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errorsashes_long <- gather (ashes, key = "test_innings", value = "performance",
test1_innings1:test5_innings2)
dim (ashes_long)## [1] 270 5b Each cell should represent only one measurement. Use str_match() to create new columns
for each of the following for each player innings: • the player’s batting number, • their score, and • the number of balls they faced.
install.packages("dplyr")## Warning: package 'dplyr' is in use and will not be installedinstall.packages("stringr")## Warning: package 'stringr' is in use and will not be installedlibrary(dplyr)
library(stringr)
ashes_long <- ashes_long %>%
mutate (
extracted = str_match(performance, "Batting at number ([0-9NA]+), scored ([0-9NA]+) runs from ([0-9NA]+) balls") [,2:4],
player_batting_number = extracted [,1],
scored = extracted [,2],
number_of_balls_faced = extracted [,3]
) %>%
select (-extracted, -performance)
ashes_long## batter team role test_innings player_batting_number
## 1 Ali England allrounder test1_innings1 6
## 2 Anderson English bowl test1_innings1 11
## 3 Bairstow England wicketkeeper test1_innings1 7
## 4 Ball England bowl test1_innings1 10
## 5 Bancroft Australia bat test1_innings1 1
## 6 Bird Australia bowl test1_innings1 <NA>
## 7 Broad England bowler test1_innings1 9
## 8 Cook England bat test1_innings1 1
## 9 Crane England bowl test1_innings1 <NA>
## 10 Cummins Australia bowl test1_innings1 9
## 11 Curran England bowl test1_innings1 <NA>
## 12 Handscomb Australia batting test1_innings1 5
## 13 Hazlewood Australia bowl test1_innings1 10
## 14 Khawaja Australia batsman test1_innings1 3
## 15 Lyon Australia bowl test1_innings1 11
## 16 Malan England bat test1_innings1 5
## 17 MMarsh Australia all rounder test1_innings1 <NA>
## 18 Overton England bowl test1_innings1 <NA>
## 19 Paine Australia wicketkeeper test1_innings1 7
## 20 Root England bat test1_innings1 4
## 21 SMarsh Australia bat test1_innings1 6
## 22 Smith Australia bat test1_innings1 4
## 23 Starc Australia bowl test1_innings1 8
## 24 Stoneman England bat test1_innings1 2
## 25 Vince England bat test1_innings1 3
## 26 Warner Australia bat test1_innings1 2
## 27 Woakes England all-rounder test1_innings1 8
## 28 Ali England allrounder test1_innings2 6
## 29 Anderson English bowl test1_innings2 11
## 30 Bairstow England wicketkeeper test1_innings2 7
## 31 Ball England bowl test1_innings2 10
## 32 Bancroft Australia bat test1_innings2 1
## 33 Bird Australia bowl test1_innings2 <NA>
## 34 Broad England bowler test1_innings2 9
## 35 Cook England bat test1_innings2 1
## 36 Crane England bowl test1_innings2 <NA>
## 37 Cummins Australia bowl test1_innings2 <NA>
## 38 Curran England bowl test1_innings2 <NA>
## 39 Handscomb Australia batting test1_innings2 <NA>
## 40 Hazlewood Australia bowl test1_innings2 <NA>
## 41 Khawaja Australia batsman test1_innings2 <NA>
## 42 Lyon Australia bowl test1_innings2 <NA>
## 43 Malan England bat test1_innings2 5
## 44 MMarsh Australia all rounder test1_innings2 <NA>
## 45 Overton England bowl test1_innings2 <NA>
## 46 Paine Australia wicketkeeper test1_innings2 <NA>
## 47 Root England bat test1_innings2 4
## 48 SMarsh Australia bat test1_innings2 <NA>
## 49 Smith Australia bat test1_innings2 <NA>
## 50 Starc Australia bowl test1_innings2 <NA>
## 51 Stoneman England bat test1_innings2 2
## 52 Vince England bat test1_innings2 3
## 53 Warner Australia bat test1_innings2 2
## 54 Woakes England all-rounder test1_innings2 8
## 55 Ali England allrounder test2_innings1 6
## 56 Anderson English bowl test2_innings1 11
## 57 Bairstow England wicketkeeper test2_innings1 7
## 58 Ball England bowl test2_innings1 <NA>
## 59 Bancroft Australia bat test2_innings1 1
## 60 Bird Australia bowl test2_innings1 <NA>
## 61 Broad England bowler test2_innings1 10
## 62 Cook England bat test2_innings1 1
## 63 Crane England bowl test2_innings1 <NA>
## 64 Cummins Australia bowl test2_innings1 9
## 65 Curran England bowl test2_innings1 <NA>
## 66 Handscomb Australia batting test2_innings1 5
## 67 Hazlewood Australia bowl test2_innings1 <NA>
## 68 Khawaja Australia batsman test2_innings1 3
## 69 Lyon Australia bowl test2_innings1 10
## 70 Malan England bat test2_innings1 5
## 71 MMarsh Australia all rounder test2_innings1 <NA>
## 72 Overton England bowl test2_innings1 9
## 73 Paine Australia wicketkeeper test2_innings1 7
## 74 Root England bat test2_innings1 4
## 75 SMarsh Australia bat test2_innings1 6
## 76 Smith Australia bat test2_innings1 4
## 77 Starc Australia bowl test2_innings1 8
## 78 Stoneman England bat test2_innings1 2
## 79 Vince England bat test2_innings1 3
## 80 Warner Australia bat test2_innings1 2
## 81 Woakes England all-rounder test2_innings1 8
## 82 Ali England allrounder test2_innings2 7
## 83 Anderson English bowl test2_innings2 11
## 84 Bairstow England wicketkeeper test2_innings2 8
## 85 Ball England bowl test2_innings2 <NA>
## 86 Bancroft Australia bat test2_innings2 1
## 87 Bird Australia bowl test2_innings2 <NA>
## 88 Broad England bowler test2_innings2 10
## 89 Cook England bat test2_innings2 1
## 90 Crane England bowl test2_innings2 <NA>
## 91 Cummins Australia bowl test2_innings2 10
## 92 Curran England bowl test2_innings2 <NA>
## 93 Handscomb Australia batting test2_innings2 5
## 94 Hazlewood Australia bowl test2_innings2 11
## 95 Khawaja Australia batsman test2_innings2 3
## 96 Lyon Australia bowl test2_innings2 6
## 97 Malan England bat test2_innings2 5
## 98 MMarsh Australia all rounder test2_innings2 <NA>
## 99 Overton England bowl test2_innings2 9
## 100 Paine Australia wicketkeeper test2_innings2 8
## 101 Root England bat test2_innings2 4
## 102 SMarsh Australia bat test2_innings2 7
## 103 Smith Australia bat test2_innings2 4
## 104 Starc Australia bowl test2_innings2 9
## 105 Stoneman England bat test2_innings2 2
## 106 Vince England bat test2_innings2 3
## 107 Warner Australia bat test2_innings2 2
## 108 Woakes England all-rounder test2_innings2 6
## 109 Ali England allrounder test3_innings1 7
## 110 Anderson English bowl test3_innings1 11
## 111 Bairstow England wicketkeeper test3_innings1 6
## 112 Ball England bowl test3_innings1 <NA>
## 113 Bancroft Australia bat test3_innings1 1
## 114 Bird Australia bowl test3_innings1 <NA>
## 115 Broad England bowler test3_innings1 10
## 116 Cook England bat test3_innings1 1
## 117 Crane England bowl test3_innings1 <NA>
## 118 Cummins Australia bowl test3_innings1 9
## 119 Curran England bowl test3_innings1 <NA>
## 120 Handscomb Australia batting test3_innings1 <NA>
## 121 Hazlewood Australia bowl test3_innings1 <NA>
## 122 Khawaja Australia batsman test3_innings1 3
## 123 Lyon Australia bowl test3_innings1 10
## 124 Malan England bat test3_innings1 5
## 125 MMarsh Australia all rounder test3_innings1 6
## 126 Overton England bowl test3_innings1 9
## 127 Paine Australia wicketkeeper test3_innings1 7
## 128 Root England bat test3_innings1 4
## 129 SMarsh Australia bat test3_innings1 5
## 130 Smith Australia bat test3_innings1 4
## 131 Starc Australia bowl test3_innings1 8
## 132 Stoneman England bat test3_innings1 2
## 133 Vince England bat test3_innings1 3
## 134 Warner Australia bat test3_innings1 2
## 135 Woakes England all-rounder test3_innings1 8
## 136 Ali England allrounder test3_innings2 7
## 137 Anderson English bowl test3_innings2 11
## 138 Bairstow England wicketkeeper test3_innings2 6
## 139 Ball England bowl test3_innings2 <NA>
## 140 Bancroft Australia bat test3_innings2 <NA>
## 141 Bird Australia bowl test3_innings2 <NA>
## 142 Broad England bowler test3_innings2 10
## 143 Cook England bat test3_innings2 1
## 144 Crane England bowl test3_innings2 <NA>
## 145 Cummins Australia bowl test3_innings2 <NA>
## 146 Curran England bowl test3_innings2 <NA>
## 147 Handscomb Australia batting test3_innings2 <NA>
## 148 Hazlewood Australia bowl test3_innings2 <NA>
## 149 Khawaja Australia batsman test3_innings2 <NA>
## 150 Lyon Australia bowl test3_innings2 <NA>
## 151 Malan England bat test3_innings2 5
## 152 MMarsh Australia all rounder test3_innings2 <NA>
## 153 Overton England bowl test3_innings2 9
## 154 Paine Australia wicketkeeper test3_innings2 <NA>
## 155 Root England bat test3_innings2 4
## 156 SMarsh Australia bat test3_innings2 <NA>
## 157 Smith Australia bat test3_innings2 <NA>
## 158 Starc Australia bowl test3_innings2 <NA>
## 159 Stoneman England bat test3_innings2 2
## 160 Vince England bat test3_innings2 3
## 161 Warner Australia bat test3_innings2 <NA>
## 162 Woakes England all-rounder test3_innings2 8
## 163 Ali England allrounder test4_innings1 7
## 164 Anderson English bowl test4_innings1 11
## 165 Bairstow England wicketkeeper test4_innings1 6
## 166 Ball England bowl test4_innings1 <NA>
## 167 Bancroft Australia bat test4_innings1 1
## 168 Bird Australia bowl test4_innings1 9
## 169 Broad England bowler test4_innings1 10
## 170 Cook England bat test4_innings1 1
## 171 Crane England bowl test4_innings1 <NA>
## 172 Cummins Australia bowl test4_innings1 8
## 173 Curran England bowl test4_innings1 9
## 174 Handscomb Australia batting test4_innings1 <NA>
## 175 Hazlewood Australia bowl test4_innings1 10
## 176 Khawaja Australia batsman test4_innings1 3
## 177 Lyon Australia bowl test4_innings1 11
## 178 Malan England bat test4_innings1 5
## 179 MMarsh Australia all rounder test4_innings1 6
## 180 Overton England bowl test4_innings1 <NA>
## 181 Paine Australia wicketkeeper test4_innings1 7
## 182 Root England bat test4_innings1 4
## 183 SMarsh Australia bat test4_innings1 5
## 184 Smith Australia bat test4_innings1 4
## 185 Starc Australia bowl test4_innings1 <NA>
## 186 Stoneman England bat test4_innings1 2
## 187 Vince England bat test4_innings1 3
## 188 Warner Australia bat test4_innings1 2
## 189 Woakes England all-rounder test4_innings1 8
## 190 Ali England allrounder test4_innings2 <NA>
## 191 Anderson English bowl test4_innings2 <NA>
## 192 Bairstow England wicketkeeper test4_innings2 <NA>
## 193 Ball England bowl test4_innings2 <NA>
## 194 Bancroft Australia bat test4_innings2 1
## 195 Bird Australia bowl test4_innings2 <NA>
## 196 Broad England bowler test4_innings2 <NA>
## 197 Cook England bat test4_innings2 <NA>
## 198 Crane England bowl test4_innings2 <NA>
## 199 Cummins Australia bowl test4_innings2 <NA>
## 200 Curran England bowl test4_innings2 <NA>
## 201 Handscomb Australia batting test4_innings2 <NA>
## 202 Hazlewood Australia bowl test4_innings2 <NA>
## 203 Khawaja Australia batsman test4_innings2 3
## 204 Lyon Australia bowl test4_innings2 <NA>
## 205 Malan England bat test4_innings2 <NA>
## 206 MMarsh Australia all rounder test4_innings2 6
## 207 Overton England bowl test4_innings2 <NA>
## 208 Paine Australia wicketkeeper test4_innings2 <NA>
## 209 Root England bat test4_innings2 <NA>
## 210 SMarsh Australia bat test4_innings2 5
## 211 Smith Australia bat test4_innings2 4
## 212 Starc Australia bowl test4_innings2 <NA>
## 213 Stoneman England bat test4_innings2 <NA>
## 214 Vince England bat test4_innings2 <NA>
## 215 Warner Australia bat test4_innings2 2
## 216 Woakes England all-rounder test4_innings2 <NA>
## 217 Ali England allrounder test5_innings1 7
## 218 Anderson English bowl test5_innings1 11
## 219 Bairstow England wicketkeeper test5_innings1 6
## 220 Ball England bowl test5_innings1 <NA>
## 221 Bancroft Australia bat test5_innings1 1
## 222 Bird Australia bowl test5_innings1 <NA>
## 223 Broad England bowler test5_innings1 9
## 224 Cook England bat test5_innings1 1
## 225 Crane England bowl test5_innings1 10
## 226 Cummins Australia bowl test5_innings1 9
## 227 Curran England bowl test5_innings1 8
## 228 Handscomb Australia batting test5_innings1 <NA>
## 229 Hazlewood Australia bowl test5_innings1 <NA>
## 230 Khawaja Australia batsman test5_innings1 3
## 231 Lyon Australia bowl test5_innings1 <NA>
## 232 Malan England bat test5_innings1 5
## 233 MMarsh Australia all rounder test5_innings1 6
## 234 Overton England bowl test5_innings1 <NA>
## 235 Paine Australia wicketkeeper test5_innings1 7
## 236 Root England bat test5_innings1 4
## 237 SMarsh Australia bat test5_innings1 5
## 238 Smith Australia bat test5_innings1 4
## 239 Starc Australia bowl test5_innings1 8
## 240 Stoneman England bat test5_innings1 2
## 241 Vince England bat test5_innings1 3
## 242 Warner Australia bat test5_innings1 2
## 243 Woakes England all-rounder test5_innings1 <NA>
## 244 Ali England allrounder test5_innings2 7
## 245 Anderson English bowl test5_innings2 11
## 246 Bairstow England wicketkeeper test5_innings2 6
## 247 Ball England bowl test5_innings2 <NA>
## 248 Bancroft Australia bat test5_innings2 <NA>
## 249 Bird Australia bowl test5_innings2 <NA>
## 250 Broad England bowler test5_innings2 9
## 251 Cook England bat test5_innings2 1
## 252 Crane England bowl test5_innings2 10
## 253 Cummins Australia bowl test5_innings2 <NA>
## 254 Curran England bowl test5_innings2 8
## 255 Handscomb Australia batting test5_innings2 <NA>
## 256 Hazlewood Australia bowl test5_innings2 <NA>
## 257 Khawaja Australia batsman test5_innings2 <NA>
## 258 Lyon Australia bowl test5_innings2 <NA>
## 259 Malan England bat test5_innings2 5
## 260 MMarsh Australia all rounder test5_innings2 <NA>
## 261 Overton England bowl test5_innings2 <NA>
## 262 Paine Australia wicketkeeper test5_innings2 <NA>
## 263 Root England bat test5_innings2 4
## 264 SMarsh Australia bat test5_innings2 <NA>
## 265 Smith Australia bat test5_innings2 <NA>
## 266 Starc Australia bowl test5_innings2 <NA>
## 267 Stoneman England bat test5_innings2 2
## 268 Vince England bat test5_innings2 3
## 269 Warner Australia bat test5_innings2 <NA>
## 270 Woakes England all-rounder test5_innings2 <NA>
## scored number_of_balls_faced
## 1 38 102
## 2 5 9
## 3 9 24
## 4 14 11
## 5 5 19
## 6 <NA> <NA>
## 7 20 32
## 8 2 10
## 9 <NA> <NA>
## 10 42 120
## 11 <NA> <NA>
## 12 14 17
## 13 6 25
## 14 11 24
## 15 9 22
## 16 56 130
## 17 <NA> <NA>
## 18 <NA> <NA>
## 19 13 42
## 20 15 50
## 21 51 141
## 22 141 326
## 23 6 5
## 24 53 159
## 25 83 170
## 26 26 43
## 27 0 4
## 28 40 64
## 29 0 1
## 30 42 75
## 31 1 5
## 32 82 182
## 33 <NA> <NA>
## 34 2 9
## 35 7 13
## 36 <NA> <NA>
## 37 <NA> <NA>
## 38 <NA> <NA>
## 39 <NA> <NA>
## 40 <NA> <NA>
## 41 <NA> <NA>
## 42 <NA> <NA>
## 43 4 17
## 44 <NA> <NA>
## 45 <NA> <NA>
## 46 <NA> <NA>
## 47 51 104
## 48 <NA> <NA>
## 49 <NA> <NA>
## 50 <NA> <NA>
## 51 27 81
## 52 2 6
## 53 87 119
## 54 17 57
## 55 25 57
## 56 0 3
## 57 21 50
## 58 <NA> <NA>
## 59 10 41
## 60 <NA> <NA>
## 61 3 17
## 62 37 90
## 63 <NA> <NA>
## 64 44 90
## 65 <NA> <NA>
## 66 36 86
## 67 <NA> <NA>
## 68 53 112
## 69 10 11
## 70 19 58
## 71 <NA> <NA>
## 72 41 79
## 73 57 102
## 74 9 10
## 75 126 231
## 76 40 90
## 77 6 29
## 78 18 21
## 79 2 10
## 80 47 102
## 81 36 62
## 82 2 20
## 83 0 0
## 84 36 57
## 85 <NA> <NA>
## 86 4 8
## 87 <NA> <NA>
## 88 8 12
## 89 16 66
## 90 <NA> <NA>
## 91 11 28
## 92 <NA> <NA>
## 93 12 42
## 94 3 7
## 95 20 49
## 96 14 30
## 97 29 80
## 98 <NA> <NA>
## 99 7 34
## 100 11 27
## 101 67 123
## 102 19 60
## 103 6 12
## 104 20 25
## 105 36 65
## 106 15 39
## 107 14 60
## 108 5 10
## 109 0 2
## 110 0 7
## 111 119 215
## 112 <NA> <NA>
## 113 25 55
## 114 <NA> <NA>
## 115 12 10
## 116 7 16
## 117 <NA> <NA>
## 118 41 63
## 119 <NA> <NA>
## 120 <NA> <NA>
## 121 <NA> <NA>
## 122 50 123
## 123 4 3
## 124 140 227
## 125 181 236
## 126 2 7
## 127 49 85
## 128 20 23
## 129 28 75
## 130 239 399
## 131 1 3
## 132 56 110
## 133 25 63
## 134 22 36
## 135 8 12
## 136 11 56
## 137 1 7
## 138 14 26
## 139 <NA> <NA>
## 140 <NA> <NA>
## 141 <NA> <NA>
## 142 0 2
## 143 14 20
## 144 <NA> <NA>
## 145 <NA> <NA>
## 146 <NA> <NA>
## 147 <NA> <NA>
## 148 <NA> <NA>
## 149 <NA> <NA>
## 150 <NA> <NA>
## 151 54 135
## 152 <NA> <NA>
## 153 12 21
## 154 <NA> <NA>
## 155 14 20
## 156 <NA> <NA>
## 157 <NA> <NA>
## 158 <NA> <NA>
## 159 3 8
## 160 55 95
## 161 <NA> <NA>
## 162 22 48
## 163 20 14
## 164 0 16
## 165 22 39
## 166 <NA> <NA>
## 167 26 95
## 168 4 6
## 169 56 63
## 170 244 409
## 171 <NA> <NA>
## 172 4 18
## 173 4 15
## 174 <NA> <NA>
## 175 1 12
## 176 17 65
## 177 0 10
## 178 14 43
## 179 9 18
## 180 <NA> <NA>
## 181 24 36
## 182 61 133
## 183 61 148
## 184 76 156
## 185 <NA> <NA>
## 186 15 37
## 187 17 37
## 188 103 151
## 189 26 62
## 190 <NA> <NA>
## 191 <NA> <NA>
## 192 <NA> <NA>
## 193 <NA> <NA>
## 194 27 42
## 195 <NA> <NA>
## 196 <NA> <NA>
## 197 <NA> <NA>
## 198 <NA> <NA>
## 199 <NA> <NA>
## 200 <NA> <NA>
## 201 <NA> <NA>
## 202 <NA> <NA>
## 203 11 14
## 204 <NA> <NA>
## 205 <NA> <NA>
## 206 29 166
## 207 <NA> <NA>
## 208 <NA> <NA>
## 209 <NA> <NA>
## 210 4 22
## 211 102 275
## 212 <NA> <NA>
## 213 <NA> <NA>
## 214 <NA> <NA>
## 215 86 227
## 216 <NA> <NA>
## 217 30 58
## 218 0 3
## 219 5 7
## 220 <NA> <NA>
## 221 0 7
## 222 <NA> <NA>
## 223 31 32
## 224 39 104
## 225 4 7
## 226 24 16
## 227 39 65
## 228 <NA> <NA>
## 229 <NA> <NA>
## 230 171 381
## 231 <NA> <NA>
## 232 62 180
## 233 101 141
## 234 <NA> <NA>
## 235 38 52
## 236 83 141
## 237 156 291
## 238 83 158
## 239 11 10
## 240 24 24
## 241 25 54
## 242 56 104
## 243 <NA> <NA>
## 244 13 43
## 245 2 23
## 246 38 143
## 247 <NA> <NA>
## 248 <NA> <NA>
## 249 <NA> <NA>
## 250 4 2
## 251 10 20
## 252 2 4
## 253 <NA> <NA>
## 254 23 40
## 255 <NA> <NA>
## 256 <NA> <NA>
## 257 <NA> <NA>
## 258 <NA> <NA>
## 259 5 27
## 260 <NA> <NA>
## 261 <NA> <NA>
## 262 <NA> <NA>
## 263 58 167
## 264 <NA> <NA>
## 265 <NA> <NA>
## 266 <NA> <NA>
## 267 0 9
## 268 18 51
## 269 <NA> <NA>
## 270 <NA> <NA>ashes_long$player_batting_number <- as.integer(ashes_long$player_batting_number)
ashes_long$scored <- as.integer(ashes_long$scored)
ashes_long$number_of_balls_faced <- as.integer(ashes_long$number_of_balls_faced)
head (ashes_long)## batter team role test_innings player_batting_number scored
## 1 Ali England allrounder test1_innings1 6 38
## 2 Anderson English bowl test1_innings1 11 5
## 3 Bairstow England wicketkeeper test1_innings1 7 9
## 4 Ball England bowl test1_innings1 10 14
## 5 Bancroft Australia bat test1_innings1 1 5
## 6 Bird Australia bowl test1_innings1 NA NA
## number_of_balls_faced
## 1 102
## 2 9
## 3 24
## 4 11
## 5 19
## 6 NA1.2 Recode the data to make it ‘tame’, that is,
• ensure all categorical variables with a small number of levels are coded as factors, • ensure all categorical variables with a large number of levels are coded as characters, and • ensure all quantitative variables are coded as integers or numeric, as appropriate.
ashes_long$player_batting_number <- as.integer(ashes_long$player_batting_number)
ashes_long$scored <- as.integer(ashes_long$scored)
ashes_long$number_of_balls_faced <- as.integer(ashes_long$number_of_balls_faced)
head(ashes_long)## batter team role test_innings player_batting_number scored
## 1 Ali England allrounder test1_innings1 6 38
## 2 Anderson English bowl test1_innings1 11 5
## 3 Bairstow England wicketkeeper test1_innings1 7 9
## 4 Ball England bowl test1_innings1 10 14
## 5 Bancroft Australia bat test1_innings1 1 5
## 6 Bird Australia bowl test1_innings1 NA NA
## number_of_balls_faced
## 1 102
## 2 9
## 3 24
## 4 11
## 5 19
## 6 NA1.3 Clean the data; recode the factors using fct_recode() such that there are no typographical errors in the team names and player roles.
install.packages("forcats")## Warning: package 'forcats' is in use and will not be installedlibrary(forcats)
install.packages("dplyr")## Warning: package 'dplyr' is in use and will not be installedlibrary(dplyr)
ashes_long <- ashes_long %>%
mutate (
team = fct_recode(team, "England" = "English"),
role = fct_recode( role,
"all-rounder" = "allrounder" ,
"all-rounder" = "all rounder",
"batter" = "bat",
"batter" = "batting",
"batter" = "batsman",
"bowler" = "bowl",
)
)
head (ashes_long)## batter team role test_innings player_batting_number scored
## 1 Ali England all-rounder test1_innings1 6 38
## 2 Anderson England bowler test1_innings1 11 5
## 3 Bairstow England wicketkeeper test1_innings1 7 9
## 4 Ball England bowler test1_innings1 10 14
## 5 Bancroft Australia batter test1_innings1 1 5
## 6 Bird Australia bowler test1_innings1 NA NA
## number_of_balls_faced
## 1 102
## 2 9
## 3 24
## 4 11
## 5 19
## 6 NAQuestion Two: Univariate Analysis
2.1 Produce a histogram of all scores during the series
Check for Missing or Non-Numeric Values
library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
colnames(ashes_long)## [1] "batter" "team" "role"
## [4] "test_innings" "player_batting_number" "scored"
## [7] "number_of_balls_faced"ashes_long <- ashes_long %>% filter(!is.na(scored))
ggplot(ashes_long, aes(x = scored)) +
geom_histogram(binwidth = 10, fill = "blue", color = "black", alpha = 0.7) +
labs(title = "Histogram of Scores in 2017-18 Ashes Series",
x = "Score",
y = "Frequency") +
theme_minimal()
## 2.2 Describe the distribution of scores, considering shape, location
spread and outliers. Summary statistics
summary(ashes_long$scored)## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 0.00 6.00 18.00 32.09 41.00 244.00print(paste("SD = ", sd(ashes_long$scored)))## [1] "SD = 41.3080521263174"print(paste("IQR = ", IQR(ashes_long$scored)))## [1] "IQR = 35"Shape of the Distribution
library(e1071)## Warning: package 'e1071' was built under R version 4.4.3skewness (ashes_long$scored)## [1] 2.601694Spread of the Scores: using boxplot
ggplot(ashes_long, aes(y = scored)) +
geom_boxplot(fill = "blue", outlier.color = "red") +
labs(title = "Boxplot of Scores in the 2017-18 Ashes Series")
Outliers
Q1 <- quantile(ashes_long$scored, 0.25)
Q3 <- quantile(ashes_long$scored, 0.75)
IQR_value <- Q3 - Q1
lower <- Q1 - 1.5 * IQR_value
upper <- Q3 + 1.5 * IQR_value
outliers <- ashes_long$scored[ashes_long$scored < lower | ashes_long$scored > upper]
outlier_count <- length(outliers)
print(outliers)## [1] 141 126 119 140 181 239 244 103 102 171 101 156print(paste("Number of outliers: ", outlier_count))## [1] "Number of outliers: 12"Summary the finding 1. Shape of the distribution: skewness value = 2.601694, so it is right-skewed distribution 2. Center: mean = 32, median = 18, mean > median: confirmed right-skeweness 3. Spread of the Scores: SD = 41, IQR = 35, suggested that scores vary widely 4. Outliers: there are 12 outliers.
2.3 Produce a bar chart of the teams participating in the series, with different colours for each team.
Noting that each player is represented by 10 rows in the data frame, how many players were used by each team in the series?