Ejemplos y Ejercicios _ LAB 2 _ SAD
2025-03-03
Data frame
id=c(100,110,120,130,140,150,160,170,180,190)
edad=c(18,19,NA,18,24,27,22,25,22,15)
gen=c(2,1,2,2,1,2,1,1,2,1)
peso=c(65,58,56,61,84,99,50,64,87,87)
altura=c(161,170,174,165,150,171,181,170,184,190)
niv_col=c(1,2,3,1,3,2,3,1,2,3)
data.frame(id, edad, gen, peso, altura, niv_col)## id edad gen peso altura niv_col
## 1 100 18 2 65 161 1
## 2 110 19 1 58 170 2
## 3 120 NA 2 56 174 3
## 4 130 18 2 61 165 1
## 5 140 24 1 84 150 3
## 6 150 27 2 99 171 2
## 7 160 22 1 50 181 3
## 8 170 25 1 64 170 1
## 9 180 22 2 87 184 2
## 10 190 15 1 87 190 3ETIQUETAR y recodificar
gen2<-factor(gen, levels = c(1,2), labels = c("hombre", "mujer"))Recodificar; uso de corchetes
Ident <- 1:5
Genero <- c("Masculino", "Femenino", "Masculino", "Masculino", "Femenino")
Salud <- c(0, 1, 1, 0, 1) #donde 0 es sano y 1 enfermo
Opinion <- c("Mucho", "Poco", "Mucho", "Bastante", "Mucho")
Fuma <- c("1", "2", "1", "2", "2")
OP <- data.frame(Ident, Genero, Salud, Opinion, Fuma)Cambiar valores de Salud de 0 y 1 a 1 y 2
Con corchetes
OP$Salud[OP$Salud==1]<-2
OP## Ident Genero Salud Opinion Fuma
## 1 1 Masculino 0 Mucho 1
## 2 2 Femenino 2 Poco 2
## 3 3 Masculino 2 Mucho 1
## 4 4 Masculino 0 Bastante 2
## 5 5 Femenino 2 Mucho 2OP$Salud[OP$Salud==0]<-1
OP## Ident Genero Salud Opinion Fuma
## 1 1 Masculino 1 Mucho 1
## 2 2 Femenino 2 Poco 2
## 3 3 Masculino 2 Mucho 1
## 4 4 Masculino 1 Bastante 2
## 5 5 Femenino 2 Mucho 2Función ifelse
OP$Salud <- ifelse(OP$Salud == 0, 1, 2)Recodificar Salud: sano y enfermo
Metiendo el factor creado en la variable directamente, me evito pasos innecesarios
OP$Salud<-factor(OP$Salud, levels = c(1,2), labels = c("Enfermo", "Sano"))
OP## Ident Genero Salud Opinion Fuma
## 1 1 Masculino Sano Mucho 1
## 2 2 Femenino Sano Poco 2
## 3 3 Masculino Sano Mucho 1
## 4 4 Masculino Sano Bastante 2
## 5 5 Femenino Sano Mucho 2Cambiar, en género, masc y fem por 0 y 1
OP$Genero<-ifelse(OP$Genero=="Masculino", 0,1)
OP## Ident Genero Salud Opinion Fuma
## 1 1 0 Sano Mucho 1
## 2 2 1 Sano Poco 2
## 3 3 0 Sano Mucho 1
## 4 4 0 Sano Bastante 2
## 5 5 1 Sano Mucho 2Tablas de frecuencia
Nuevas variables
id=c(100,110,120,130,140,150,160,170,180,190)
edad=c(18,19,NA,18,24,27,22,25,22,15)
gen=c(2,1,2,2,1,2,1,1,2,1)
peso=c(65,58,56,61,84,99,50,64,87,87)
altura=c(161,170,174,165,150,171,181,170,184,190)
niv_col=c(1,2,3,1,3,2,3,1,2,3)
#Frecuencia absoluta mostrando valores NA
table(edad, useNA = "ifany")## edad
## 15 18 19 22 24 25 27 <NA>
## 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1#Frecuencia relativa
prop.table(edad)## [1] NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAprop.table(altura)## [1] 0.09382284 0.09906760 0.10139860 0.09615385 0.08741259 0.09965035
## [7] 0.10547786 0.09906760 0.10722611 0.11072261table(niv_col, gen)## gen
## niv_col 1 2
## 1 1 2
## 2 1 2
## 3 3 1#tabla contingencia salud - opinión
cont<-table(Salud, Opinion)
print(cont)## Opinion
## Salud Bastante Mucho Poco
## 0 1 1 0
## 1 0 2 1set.seed(999)
rnorm(1000, mean = 0,sd=1)->norm1
rnorm(1000, mean = 10, sd=1)->norm2
norm1## [1] -0.2817401589 -1.3125596303 0.7951839825 0.2700704943 -0.2773064221
## [6] -0.5660237388 -1.8786582578 -1.2667911439 -0.9677496844 -1.1210093616
## [11] 1.3254637121 0.1339773908 0.9387494457 0.1725381013 0.9576504468
## [16] -1.3626862453 0.0683351329 0.1006576476 0.9013447540 -2.0743571058
## [21] -1.2285633035 0.6430443187 -0.3597629141 0.2940355856 -1.1252684881
## [26] 0.6422656503 -1.1067375801 -0.8848403917 -1.5540951437 -0.1266789886
## [31] 2.3826641558 0.6012761009 0.1793612670 1.0805314842 -0.2468121056
## [36] -2.1137369902 -0.3705274711 0.5228677930 0.5178055361 -1.4025108734
## [41] -0.4856367260 0.0084981387 -1.2821132867 -1.1115788406 0.3006654106
## [46] 0.2764788448 -2.0508776585 0.0141902114 0.5822664777 -0.0347263866
## [51] -0.1166641473 -0.6449820878 1.7444115998 0.3660944745 -0.0668099260
## [56] 0.2826124660 0.5676951748 -1.2792158969 0.4353688083 -0.5655009822
## [61] -0.9233113555 1.1649540033 1.0420686823 1.1038283634 -0.0185749628
## [66] -1.1469576692 -1.4081795204 -0.2823287292 -0.4177700162 0.9966635153
## [71] -0.1062857787 -0.0694021535 0.9497011006 -0.4165328074 0.9740004058
## [76] 0.0622914303 0.5384220527 -2.0648232536 0.4364316523 -0.1602266887
## [81] -0.6429227299 0.9852985536 -1.2285733283 0.0852246689 -1.2040938331
## [86] -0.3768477586 1.3636485788 -0.2528827526 1.0064899780 0.4371491442
## [91] 1.6585384242 0.0276852113 -0.9787195761 1.2837291425 -1.1297416100
## [96] 1.0466577288 -0.5779321999 -0.2937943010 -0.2417764306 0.2199478245
## [101] -1.6509552095 0.4782006874 -0.8052823971 -0.6793295435 1.6073388307
## [106] -2.5954909186 0.2901482333 1.3836599328 -1.5100542579 -0.6772985616
## [111] -0.2979716410 -1.5191193563 -0.9118353267 -0.8358806635 -0.2171494542
## [116] -1.0710323145 0.9450479987 1.1279967971 -1.2786428701 0.4576312745
## [121] -0.4689673130 0.1139658523 -2.1249926887 -1.7664359181 1.2245907572
## [126] 0.1778560165 0.2643239983 0.1928339324 1.0700506754 0.2254140200
## [131] -0.4445507442 -0.1652123960 0.3009234906 -0.4525010581 -0.7701264812
## [136] 0.6021471158 -1.3148362247 -0.8822634238 -0.9044135376 1.0786102526
## [141] -0.0486617256 1.4204964731 -0.0819131247 0.8937469624 0.5169801420
## [146] -0.5856277886 1.0906934519 0.0976721188 -0.8230414751 1.0088029504
## [151] 0.9951514144 1.4098562212 0.1042460378 0.7605152536 0.8958375632
## [156] -0.0978086639 -0.1685562985 1.4799712274 1.4142991163 -0.5794274464
## [161] 0.0635272473 0.0321130383 -0.9624668317 -0.4945015630 -1.1760742855
## [166] 1.0327759282 1.4309158079 0.8722173721 -0.6617710346 -0.1257547895
## [171] -0.6145742639 -0.3010607103 0.2198734320 0.1996756382 0.0186433715
## [176] -0.1643792794 -1.3337025118 0.4226263112 -1.1967343875 0.1916741752
## [181] -0.6928301454 0.4662417450 0.8171058606 0.6833098821 -0.4789921632
## [186] 0.4331272165 -1.8381045816 -0.0709436513 0.4480290497 -0.2220408424
## [191] -0.4318281263 0.8594424324 -0.1844406573 -0.1567897629 -0.9268766695
## [196] 0.4877335252 0.3876320032 -0.9917445501 -0.8213965541 0.0645758722
## [201] -1.4821658860 1.5212796848 0.4021953173 0.4689013743 0.9198365552
## [206] 0.7643808630 0.1294212900 -0.6864295365 0.3907704121 -0.7241929538
## [211] 1.5696100083 -0.2203031264 0.2874927697 -1.8798803445 -1.9346864185
## [216] 0.6172457513 -1.1823517668 0.2773604760 -0.7069460975 0.4202898314
## [221] 0.7370080968 -1.1303335197 -0.8575507879 -0.4357351238 1.0592132876
## [226] -2.2036090094 1.4958052410 1.4576681225 -1.0047978851 1.1809973196
## [231] 0.8312496536 0.0508749710 0.6781790355 0.4520264136 -1.5091969877
## [236] 0.7572681141 -1.1522868140 0.1407814287 -1.5417522340 -1.9511909754
## [241] -0.5931304750 0.8988958457 1.7240639103 2.2319001286 0.8631213269
## [246] -1.0247467078 0.2933962980 0.9249434729 -0.8064497687 -2.5884463730
## [251] 0.2374628602 0.4111172435 -1.7894214213 -1.7654280331 0.0099307382
## [256] -1.9918057459 0.8044112383 -0.9239138974 -0.6722796784 -0.8916962563
## [261] -1.0200260355 -0.2577720884 1.2259490791 -0.0692410466 -0.0659810210
## [266] -1.2346822040 -0.1423594181 -1.3011345991 0.4937206138 -0.5145543444
## [271] 0.8405483788 -0.7562788356 -0.6646167615 -0.9799399367 0.8262437569
## [276] 1.2730790248 0.1233055430 1.2754496659 1.5185400061 0.6272251689
## [281] -0.7795571818 0.7509583080 -0.6914827691 -0.7341786030 -0.4585326846
## [286] 1.1663938105 -0.3817417875 -2.2167235804 -0.8846723340 -0.3825421432
## [291] -1.7509973434 0.3300039111 0.0929884710 -0.2599134085 1.3888925666
## [296] 0.5072339166 -0.7616651505 0.0266299462 0.1033246837 -0.1490354886
## [301] 1.2241015342 -0.2025701718 1.0908870321 1.1114935731 0.0698455521
## [306] -0.7533738703 0.6220389124 1.4673809224 0.5635484257 0.4723442868
## [311] -0.8634140755 -1.7865175490 -0.7893504106 0.8046858016 0.4524406107
## [316] 0.7464984248 -0.7863203934 -2.0226908781 0.1276969714 1.0004373367
## [321] -0.7483069963 0.4008536005 -1.5116957453 -0.2249996001 1.2060799584
## [326] -0.4985889372 0.3810224997 -0.0428469773 0.3090283842 -0.8172867988
## [331] -0.4608227086 -1.4949539138 -0.6594352556 1.7543202184 -1.6793996708
## [336] 1.0974855087 1.7014381449 -0.3547379706 -1.7742512064 0.0941318033
## [341] 1.1244239753 0.4432141709 0.4670896737 1.2267040217 0.7071602461
## [346] -1.1959200021 -0.1614101935 -1.1885428974 -0.5063214390 -0.8850071934
## [351] 0.3998326512 -0.0019430731 0.5536498400 -0.1920494389 0.5770923852
## [356] -0.0520345216 0.9389232304 -1.9578796673 0.0096737842 1.4160626531
## [361] 1.0438814082 0.1588307749 0.7031326060 -2.0812927669 0.9595926497
## [366] -0.8444254547 0.4737724918 1.1355251191 -0.3649238743 -0.1091150894
## [371] -0.3088327512 0.0886467873 -0.1774425794 -0.1784837597 1.7444381777
## [376] 0.7685957298 -1.6034959251 -0.0816169705 0.5861656345 1.7707997542
## [381] 0.7906693465 -0.0334779753 1.4760690083 -0.0433515009 1.7443051447
## [386] -0.0022007149 1.6172260990 0.6301808056 -0.2991095490 -0.9711533888
## [391] -0.6633785101 -0.4665803427 -0.8066892099 -1.0084734480 -1.3456688602
## [396] -2.0161907561 -1.0806540074 -0.4173162607 -0.3185850796 -0.7061600400
## [401] 0.4652504609 0.5712848237 0.1681265615 0.5216191296 -0.4537339051
## [406] -0.1216055887 -0.7921473797 -0.6368839488 1.6649787782 0.6422241176
## [411] -0.2974221477 0.9925992197 1.0283798351 1.4996216499 -0.8144706775
## [416] 1.4365394767 0.9577499618 -0.5251349883 0.5431696525 0.8961808768
## [421] 0.4568925956 -0.3682627501 0.4986145703 -1.5635054571 -1.4563425063
## [426] -0.1750078941 -0.9758567874 -0.2828992203 0.4850523593 -1.2099302738
## [431] 0.0172460899 0.7008571499 -0.4017022609 -0.4872757606 -0.7643624754
## [436] 2.9722337957 -0.4357854464 -1.3519795359 -0.5286888614 -0.0602794845
## [441] -0.0322244141 0.5529010071 -0.2596606369 -1.0140034328 -0.8645276131
## [446] 0.1104008650 -0.0245257380 -2.5154849502 0.4437548826 1.5621844011
## [451] 0.9718089383 1.5874742819 -1.8453086345 -1.2710747667 2.0389922869
## [456] -0.7291493284 0.9344735664 -0.7532493228 -0.6844806407 -0.5947319693
## [461] -0.1241223119 -1.3901402652 -1.2355653431 -1.2850079229 -1.0522533931
## [466] 1.3649660202 -1.0772118019 0.6753815099 1.0755013649 -0.2767407318
## [471] -0.6467514453 0.1025856330 -0.0725196097 1.6197123055 0.6877519983
## [476] 0.2349295959 -0.4305282019 0.6380391455 -0.2172264688 0.0204943089
## [481] -1.9133578396 -0.5261911440 0.4162826182 0.4576278624 -0.2756396249
## [486] -0.3538823460 -0.9017625606 -1.0521452433 0.8326266409 0.0564111595
## [491] 0.8387086521 0.3446117784 -1.0886058315 -0.5278206285 3.0611370136
## [496] -0.5202138354 0.2482442006 0.0469695189 0.2494495962 1.0418430009
## [501] -0.3383764950 0.2012877269 0.6027117309 -0.2250181483 -0.0101135895
## [506] -0.1935972440 0.0091881369 1.4418992692 0.1746938235 0.4720826844
## [511] 0.9005781938 0.3949221350 0.9021692718 -0.9260771266 0.0662943077
## [516] -0.6370678492 1.4870186483 -0.0090184877 0.0845431672 -0.2098562556
## [521] -2.5036769194 1.4237702309 1.4918134003 0.7346850668 -1.3333893734
## [526] 2.6028246005 -0.1052401737 0.7622441275 0.3788467113 0.6014733479
## [531] -0.2687536643 0.0835429455 0.5813876499 -0.9176215921 -0.7470990221
## [536] 0.3049816889 -1.7680120105 -0.5072763227 -1.2132255790 -0.4944860155
## [541] -0.5873063392 -1.3968130376 -1.5906045714 -0.5749474109 1.4373956232
## [546] 0.3348121930 0.5997799292 0.8724496228 0.6492566066 -1.5692289781
## [551] -0.2272341268 0.3050755297 1.5908550341 0.4553800876 2.1060241303
## [556] -0.3114366799 -1.6365935260 -0.9962428977 0.6997492784 -0.0465505198
## [561] 0.7268223277 0.1777760800 0.1606291843 0.8079510691 -0.5397537724
## [566] 0.1166549203 0.6853801966 0.7670202707 -1.6353784060 -0.1257245877
## [571] -0.2067687995 -0.6994230875 -0.3114883311 0.3858640623 1.0627126466
## [576] 0.2002994460 0.7429980390 0.2395888921 -1.1453340192 -1.3786902598
## [581] 0.5807347497 0.1285419404 0.6937782162 0.0174380511 0.0122894550
## [586] 0.3818023726 1.0882034685 -0.2498993702 -0.2870610381 0.1523210727
## [591] -1.4472605632 0.6478980619 -0.2644330355 -0.8604851908 -1.4531934290
## [596] -0.2919261012 1.5717719491 0.6209706838 -0.3314936358 -1.0209971530
## [601] 0.7336471191 -1.6209314027 0.2723195903 -1.0890948341 -0.5554394595
## [606] -0.0056642758 -0.4981918347 -0.1493320618 0.6033283189 0.3430171108
## [611] 0.2615996162 1.2568795039 -1.3194110498 -1.1459946892 0.8277236743
## [616] 1.7614429611 0.2262328843 -0.9193135930 0.9737505996 -1.6811863185
## [621] 2.4698769443 -0.2730456758 0.0992974118 0.4581428697 -0.2727818448
## [626] -2.5140605371 -0.0116159512 -1.0567910136 -1.1639439434 1.0285357360
## [631] 1.0287170046 -0.8163606178 0.4816647425 0.0125586535 0.6925387457
## [636] 0.6491578354 -0.6807691864 0.1166537267 -0.3722781150 -0.4135713750
## [641] -0.4941285461 1.2707555666 -0.8337837221 -0.2893695156 0.5371017167
## [646] -0.3535333540 0.3611289460 -0.3673739928 -1.3080710336 0.3637817706
## [651] -1.1572687441 -0.3872381630 -0.1758150260 -0.2159947164 0.1258227500
## [656] 0.0438984650 0.5918778235 0.6706176848 0.5668216473 -0.4052435388
## [661] -0.2615153397 1.2302738695 -0.4870056072 1.5697594279 0.6234854986
## [666] -1.0273102110 1.8278200763 -1.0857039312 0.4080973394 -0.6008438129
## [671] -1.0508209728 0.3579827422 -1.5325201664 -0.7177814655 -0.3144420588
## [676] -2.6874894522 -1.2119780255 0.3346220516 2.1667085810 0.3637384635
## [681] 0.7810413139 0.0012131688 -0.0729512571 0.3631191674 0.3984919384
## [686] -0.0532299482 0.6510682754 0.5778796539 1.0688866360 -0.5411263211
## [691] -1.3895590969 0.7888205558 -0.9058457129 -0.6309721328 -0.8332521517
## [696] 0.0958541542 2.6330148016 -1.2020290219 1.7014891696 1.8550171445
## [701] 0.9284096119 -0.2077142011 -1.0842780211 -1.4325740597 0.0805144484
## [706] -1.6725917243 -0.9064265391 -0.3811321081 -0.3557082015 -0.6706446033
## [711] 1.1977508750 1.0960182069 1.1522197235 -0.1379864824 -1.3182646301
## [716] -1.0727799604 0.0109889535 0.1279865348 0.9208284135 -0.0012039422
## [721] -1.6856605498 -1.6356278460 1.7214317019 -0.0977509910 0.3378791914
## [726] -0.6112790396 -0.1910422663 0.0692944488 0.0963508398 0.1705435148
## [731] -0.9348166056 0.1461115267 -0.7098149013 0.2674086747 1.1960925788
## [736] -0.3402788338 -1.5903463770 -1.0719947144 -1.5483922891 1.1681143229
## [741] -1.7985269736 -1.7281240505 -1.0196614706 -0.0568615308 -1.7869622102
## [746] -1.1284217244 0.2722799504 0.9189133969 -0.7090647573 0.6003000410
## [751] -1.5283093415 -0.2435600396 -0.4933806065 -0.1874864700 1.0143364639
## [756] -0.6948941281 -0.5147438541 -1.1364128230 0.3553081904 -0.3773619206
## [761] -0.0345682978 0.1083605979 0.5897290249 0.9444304224 0.8517425831
## [766] 0.2379175295 -0.2150367051 1.1301200535 0.4487671961 0.7190443099
## [771] -0.9667292013 1.0293226274 0.9913922770 1.4149251613 -0.1931119835
## [776] 0.4439630435 -1.2939106933 -0.0950448014 -1.0530120040 -0.7591416907
## [781] 0.9314736068 1.2139963558 1.1620938375 0.7098992109 -0.7908066361
## [786] -1.3306966579 -0.5199056201 -0.5368424459 0.5620251460 1.5720794533
## [791] -0.1850487624 -0.3736567400 2.0821118684 -0.3616935808 -1.2698788788
## [796] 0.2082778930 -2.1340530176 0.3415775048 -0.2368577635 -1.6899524845
## [801] -0.3329912726 -1.9723748662 0.3234789665 -1.1874700658 -0.0414601848
## [806] -0.3775270438 -0.4870439375 0.7499905947 -0.5201677877 -0.9267980992
## [811] -1.6319817841 -0.6357281968 0.0343794346 1.1970521476 0.8554260300
## [816] -0.4301166918 0.9088851427 -0.1427528352 -0.3426432103 0.7550069793
## [821] 0.6360370062 -0.8365801441 0.7614067014 0.5127185952 -0.2592356033
## [826] -2.0394354172 -0.6523846497 -1.0285787494 -1.3977404781 -0.6230123821
## [831] 0.6240424981 0.5647873335 0.5198905630 0.1334081368 -0.1489852536
## [836] 0.5172161804 -1.6801112757 0.5673308435 0.2142074615 -0.7835945150
## [841] -0.4563144734 -0.5214070441 0.1136650780 0.6822445933 -0.9198259829
## [846] 0.1424297349 0.5696618252 0.5644320995 0.0993191743 1.2508426731
## [851] 0.6506930139 1.9778310592 0.3874324167 1.2123943436 -1.5083062011
## [856] 2.9107926616 0.5222019766 0.9849095062 -1.0832487521 0.6344751136
## [861] -0.5580882248 -0.7053384417 1.1247785312 -0.1749895738 2.0893793288
## [866] -0.2994414285 1.9086849859 -1.1841349494 -0.0402140535 -1.2630112827
## [871] -0.4687769756 -2.6121945314 -1.8944673628 0.0476855538 -0.0593793415
## [876] -0.5024713672 1.6095320803 1.0223939202 -0.7003069091 0.4709446716
## [881] 0.9478946550 1.0686200368 1.3534243729 -0.3586898812 -0.2695721761
## [886] -0.7578072027 1.8425644370 0.1444753795 0.0273664554 -0.0534053009
## [891] 0.1867027956 1.1800751211 0.0486298890 0.8378754533 -0.3652152688
## [896] -0.7561634274 1.1417571749 1.4866101877 0.2500777216 -0.2022458993
## [901] 0.9174838695 -0.7094992637 -1.1646116943 -0.8202649416 -1.0620135613
## [906] 0.0954991441 -0.3759500415 2.2045242637 0.9802237049 -1.0892271611
## [911] 1.5332721575 0.4796330678 -1.4617102097 1.7039373024 0.3876100715
## [916] 0.1883170355 0.9937509846 -1.2758325351 0.1802650095 -1.4314175550
## [921] -0.8225903967 1.2933023113 0.1225358193 -3.0733699668 0.3340761360
## [926] 2.3275984668 1.8490142978 -0.0468790548 -0.1032268618 -0.6468579687
## [931] -0.3252756209 0.3729313419 0.8036420754 -1.4038757458 -0.7264375332
## [936] 2.2957840344 -0.9750621821 -1.0327743562 -0.3601287806 1.4104336601
## [941] 1.1665121221 -0.3481151064 2.3904092260 1.0574106824 1.3345350861
## [946] 1.3129740101 0.0397543091 0.7751723361 -0.3404241340 1.0619885004
## [951] 0.5966331256 -0.4669852096 -0.1062833415 -0.4232619373 0.0461574419
## [956] 0.9725393953 -1.5342832174 -2.1679785052 0.1197959656 1.1843509707
## [961] -0.5494044003 0.2514280487 0.1883532174 0.0788117086 -0.2163014217
## [966] -0.0005669877 1.1387840369 0.2072201847 0.2923619437 -0.1758127217
## [971] -1.8735818099 1.5641130417 -0.3691548941 -0.7544639836 -1.0437928004
## [976] -0.4384926043 -0.4644900213 -1.7159094134 -0.1048763558 0.7061077808
## [981] -0.5961921921 -1.1396608099 0.4053174340 0.2756589827 0.6279100878
## [986] -0.5892602332 0.6853238730 -1.3839449775 -0.5367592390 0.0530129204
## [991] -0.1730516881 -0.8941764878 0.0462334250 1.2606150791 0.7529683081
## [996] 2.9195292218 -1.5063759747 0.0391252864 1.7064865971 -1.7661102359norm2## [1] 9.948276 12.163696 8.819748 10.944762 10.898058 8.135216 11.107396
## [8] 11.323815 9.941029 8.887388 10.915128 11.321554 11.518248 10.750503
## [15] 8.647394 8.954257 10.410829 11.858763 9.466488 8.536995 10.190012
## [22] 10.408860 8.949151 8.522930 9.423325 11.771174 8.527315 10.219849
## [29] 9.257174 10.422982 9.476307 11.677229 11.211093 9.678932 10.485231
## [36] 10.819017 9.558881 9.631691 10.563416 9.890096 9.704789 10.613707
## [43] 9.430702 10.269874 9.262989 11.407047 9.307166 9.626291 10.234092
## [50] 8.882853 10.824231 8.925522 10.982182 10.265856 11.674932 9.990992
## [57] 10.319160 11.914758 9.732233 11.806150 10.082896 10.644119 10.575735
## [64] 9.799152 10.254316 10.645296 10.545178 11.278592 10.724516 10.732058
## [71] 10.731427 11.122003 9.376824 9.845212 8.552222 10.897432 10.444285
## [78] 10.782920 9.510192 9.793332 9.594531 9.527016 9.125120 10.456592
## [85] 10.666857 8.794739 9.514134 9.081589 10.218690 12.040877 10.260566
## [92] 9.349595 10.568189 10.395534 7.696051 11.329438 9.341831 7.840997
## [99] 9.399502 11.722518 9.843990 12.089073 9.479946 10.914326 9.561438
## [106] 8.942590 10.227253 9.710973 9.841150 10.858670 9.867496 8.940652
## [113] 9.545270 12.001449 8.626855 10.421092 10.401739 8.715539 9.319209
## [120] 8.661202 9.100224 8.897765 10.251637 10.152648 9.920699 9.526427
## [127] 11.218923 10.207086 7.770597 10.846758 9.395290 8.693164 10.456159
## [134] 8.789830 11.424898 9.926471 10.797344 11.417498 12.524391 9.751251
## [141] 9.978374 7.891222 11.004576 11.299371 9.083717 13.009522 10.380497
## [148] 9.752563 10.399435 9.490971 11.362169 11.008205 11.738653 10.572146
## [155] 9.793968 9.609511 10.047727 8.632593 10.110767 10.002055 10.226195
## [162] 10.902612 10.722111 11.086446 9.109325 8.228692 9.058437 12.013636
## [169] 9.825228 9.937820 10.976000 9.940104 10.508728 9.452929 9.960333
## [176] 9.019191 10.069804 9.310953 10.844389 10.552114 9.715789 9.787242
## [183] 11.376699 9.765301 12.497447 11.362513 9.676091 10.158701 10.024345
## [190] 9.437416 10.818715 11.881402 10.180570 10.098744 10.302004 10.925558
## [197] 10.606201 8.839156 10.088934 9.780708 9.499260 9.623739 10.234166
## [204] 11.088513 10.831318 10.478830 7.485107 10.710847 9.009730 10.936796
## [211] 9.589097 11.817237 10.163530 8.429001 10.397659 9.800690 11.022428
## [218] 9.042078 11.529576 10.057601 11.310458 9.359857 8.740208 10.066611
## [225] 9.397493 11.045549 9.170213 10.161519 9.964926 8.254145 9.136252
## [232] 12.166400 9.403799 9.929232 9.446976 11.656680 9.910382 11.983422
## [239] 9.726324 9.920432 9.531518 10.863005 8.261900 10.267480 9.458702
## [246] 10.373638 9.655462 10.796685 10.695136 10.894395 11.134286 10.022624
## [253] 9.889039 9.342400 8.267019 9.385334 9.540306 9.396257 10.692946
## [260] 8.784625 11.996686 8.773164 11.754378 8.736269 8.019463 9.991673
## [267] 10.865905 11.552337 8.720405 9.500327 10.596511 10.873587 10.137969
## [274] 10.219320 10.557874 9.406421 9.593425 8.883547 9.381344 8.294288
## [281] 10.691162 9.553701 10.636095 9.302347 10.799377 9.883279 9.524834
## [288] 10.837519 10.744438 10.651131 11.271702 9.487992 11.775936 9.869324
## [295] 11.110943 10.553613 11.272973 11.556832 9.991418 9.740758 10.049985
## [302] 10.633825 9.201965 10.450884 12.279631 10.394670 10.806329 9.102899
## [309] 10.560208 9.593789 7.395130 8.666013 11.032284 8.296718 11.981853
## [316] 10.899648 9.069443 11.405492 9.739491 10.157935 11.249953 9.882826
## [323] 9.318222 10.963687 10.550848 11.055994 10.758047 10.512853 8.408177
## [330] 10.660018 9.720702 10.845141 9.554219 9.161763 9.958241 12.254978
## [337] 10.657036 9.918270 9.924527 7.574575 10.607669 9.250059 9.619617
## [344] 11.608517 8.920830 9.385666 9.298827 8.849471 8.339754 11.349597
## [351] 9.363252 8.846702 8.162738 9.551480 9.004981 11.232211 10.991109
## [358] 10.046025 9.913354 9.603297 9.525753 9.267826 9.977271 10.090533
## [365] 9.842186 10.840766 9.957088 11.863525 9.872413 10.068601 10.984884
## [372] 10.752348 9.681209 10.061098 8.174411 10.302437 10.119875 9.802552
## [379] 11.275130 9.153088 10.635725 9.074956 9.939562 9.657726 9.812879
## [386] 10.590363 10.809091 8.366105 7.960625 10.897317 9.002166 9.315946
## [393] 8.623090 10.610404 9.735413 11.276083 9.860191 9.603593 9.429134
## [400] 10.524968 10.456881 11.339936 10.058593 10.099852 11.499499 9.729655
## [407] 9.122494 10.933970 11.277847 10.462933 10.492217 7.487085 11.285919
## [414] 10.586555 11.528887 7.824589 11.071187 11.675790 10.857655 10.849859
## [421] 8.971114 7.607781 10.094632 9.440730 10.657409 10.629557 9.788421
## [428] 9.061952 9.853906 8.691746 11.629131 9.282407 9.890552 9.233268
## [435] 8.306849 10.540530 10.970045 10.390963 9.400900 10.590132 10.752700
## [442] 11.139432 12.665945 10.326905 11.262124 11.663352 10.905259 9.950040
## [449] 9.063206 9.889878 8.404935 9.529891 9.337338 10.709908 9.125200
## [456] 13.205049 8.810273 12.268688 9.213220 9.922637 9.522659 10.517790
## [463] 9.684902 9.372309 11.278405 9.148838 10.216221 10.431221 10.840791
## [470] 11.753057 11.255113 10.341582 9.520410 10.956360 10.486762 9.757188
## [477] 8.307407 8.727377 9.925842 9.309910 9.486240 9.694699 9.790287
## [484] 11.133599 10.212739 10.014077 11.025378 8.905810 9.232957 10.081696
## [491] 8.544378 9.608138 10.597089 9.404218 7.408759 9.468710 11.481543
## [498] 10.578556 8.897946 9.963145 9.253654 10.387465 9.648128 10.771421
## [505] 8.568112 10.613385 8.888850 8.162502 11.199039 9.996740 12.477569
## [512] 8.258754 10.334771 8.869754 12.113785 11.057581 10.918428 10.545565
## [519] 9.105268 8.414915 9.291188 7.496162 11.367490 9.579464 9.338355
## [526] 10.932385 8.754147 11.215517 13.178355 9.244679 9.147233 10.452979
## [533] 9.748667 9.216779 10.623509 10.501942 9.861008 9.904007 10.857053
## [540] 8.637152 8.726278 9.769214 9.730820 10.170390 10.158803 9.861938
## [547] 8.468394 8.104941 9.941382 9.738015 10.771735 10.093447 8.358231
## [554] 9.754714 10.421211 12.209076 8.585579 12.153251 10.707281 9.981852
## [561] 9.931115 11.413703 10.913589 11.016442 10.637868 11.356440 10.491347
## [568] 9.888038 11.157792 9.722681 10.013410 10.493192 10.096202 11.794434
## [575] 8.951012 9.289357 11.484427 10.125410 11.594025 9.369598 8.311733
## [582] 10.103256 7.608525 11.408894 9.358822 9.511506 10.623127 11.378543
## [589] 10.838793 8.863748 9.919456 9.336947 9.211806 10.896942 11.340517
## [596] 8.482970 10.535602 9.060463 9.891079 9.622834 11.500477 11.840888
## [603] 10.094857 12.372186 10.419600 10.334186 9.061219 9.630204 10.440344
## [610] 9.183989 9.634410 9.042377 9.157706 10.394512 9.002753 10.870891
## [617] 9.837639 10.379416 10.044825 11.605064 10.599628 11.237375 10.092777
## [624] 10.588007 10.089095 10.131328 10.278458 9.029272 10.890662 9.623127
## [631] 10.648122 8.766938 8.638013 9.766397 10.987401 10.821301 10.427873
## [638] 10.891152 11.963020 11.044731 9.496986 9.390699 9.460603 10.452216
## [645] 8.655304 10.899633 9.091496 10.950325 8.935150 9.347721 9.759105
## [652] 9.806917 10.419202 9.316791 8.405424 8.660176 10.220524 11.193064
## [659] 11.327107 9.795964 10.825017 7.982684 10.500641 11.157187 10.132662
## [666] 8.509193 11.029623 8.810498 11.238836 10.872249 7.142274 10.058086
## [673] 8.860358 9.839060 11.057659 10.426494 9.005905 9.851915 10.980028
## [680] 10.615576 10.420276 10.150718 10.906499 11.045269 10.774920 10.537880
## [687] 11.481506 10.000303 9.756742 9.702010 11.022031 10.356500 9.498634
## [694] 10.576357 11.197791 9.302257 8.257161 10.815616 9.484029 9.141883
## [701] 9.911200 11.410378 9.796036 10.909955 10.030075 9.400965 12.599545
## [708] 8.426967 8.834313 9.804977 10.268076 9.448291 9.887729 10.137539
## [715] 9.497092 8.026460 9.942858 8.708056 10.489505 9.648161 9.264595
## [722] 9.996470 8.663241 10.780583 7.388197 10.680455 9.588706 9.277117
## [729] 8.993144 11.030792 10.431592 10.345116 10.220336 9.241649 11.210742
## [736] 9.573617 11.304671 9.189307 9.028193 11.481862 8.958823 10.959369
## [743] 8.124607 9.989210 8.568909 11.138042 9.366823 10.229336 11.363648
## [750] 9.860179 11.083406 8.566922 11.008528 11.559699 11.196757 9.956713
## [757] 9.063840 7.237665 9.474302 11.276967 9.953225 9.982308 8.079718
## [764] 10.526785 9.422953 8.620897 10.810356 9.912489 10.725213 10.084389
## [771] 12.173134 9.022174 10.023979 9.975222 10.364137 9.670557 10.189481
## [778] 11.274997 9.554401 10.833990 10.940675 9.922848 11.385850 8.756671
## [785] 10.220146 10.354981 8.518388 9.233524 9.868788 9.590497 11.691341
## [792] 7.857701 9.034418 10.237049 10.299306 10.370190 10.876228 10.095106
## [799] 10.756590 9.906762 11.440314 9.981467 10.753127 10.336342 8.914172
## [806] 8.135846 10.331478 7.597903 9.616005 10.315670 11.024777 8.977120
## [813] 9.813836 8.838796 10.888602 10.045735 8.239081 10.315872 11.063848
## [820] 8.751219 10.422128 11.061841 9.258023 11.560810 10.554974 8.497895
## [827] 9.439400 9.241949 8.662781 9.354413 9.139751 9.555545 9.150915
## [834] 9.766773 9.695013 12.357236 9.905712 10.461605 9.270273 9.651428
## [841] 9.416102 11.365693 10.880898 8.391897 8.535954 9.474026 10.043593
## [848] 10.983689 11.324974 10.504750 8.268681 8.543686 10.572016 8.651964
## [855] 9.455289 8.801291 8.933521 9.270596 10.665403 9.473695 8.546406
## [862] 9.562108 10.263990 10.486225 9.118894 10.552861 11.624691 8.652364
## [869] 11.159141 9.986058 11.690917 10.968144 10.249949 12.015836 10.130472
## [876] 11.034745 10.178148 9.712343 9.277444 9.673382 9.228727 10.067155
## [883] 8.937636 9.962034 9.445517 10.439345 10.400411 9.367148 10.139572
## [890] 10.463356 8.679513 8.888739 10.244264 8.685877 10.816662 11.132840
## [897] 9.474491 10.027643 10.700894 10.345581 9.618333 8.072834 8.617708
## [904] 12.115029 10.454022 8.765532 8.847585 9.846499 9.173886 11.654753
## [911] 10.366697 10.260558 9.117571 9.531956 10.443576 8.858401 10.127673
## [918] 10.135911 12.523301 10.650774 10.359538 10.610071 10.988937 8.950384
## [925] 9.848223 8.286035 10.115613 10.499035 8.693637 10.026031 9.768022
## [932] 9.865396 11.245864 10.081377 8.543472 11.434158 10.471688 9.453140
## [939] 7.361174 9.673667 9.709780 10.021821 10.345676 8.312130 9.208941
## [946] 10.373478 11.016642 8.891887 7.661649 10.084583 9.410351 8.493501
## [953] 9.438973 8.823859 8.639536 11.068439 8.875457 10.487587 11.271739
## [960] 11.517721 11.932771 10.669382 10.855738 10.221976 9.588552 10.717781
## [967] 10.631780 9.537711 8.985887 9.458319 11.695367 11.676840 9.620742
## [974] 8.852039 9.911721 9.137656 11.344402 10.917665 11.234908 10.077747
## [981] 11.284789 9.810855 11.904143 9.427968 8.585984 9.215765 9.929042
## [988] 9.965898 12.511322 10.015578 11.047968 9.035464 11.439171 11.190435
## [995] 9.624716 9.885982 10.587676 10.511487 9.724436 10.607297plot(x=norm1, y=norm2, xlab = "X", ylab = "Y", xlim = c(-3,3), ylim = c(0,10), col=sample(colors(),100))
#colors() es una función en R que devuelve un vector con los nombres de todos los colores predefinidos en R (hay más de 600 colores).
#sample(colors(), 100) toma una muestra aleatoria de 100 colores del vector devuelto por colors().
#Esto significa que cada punto en el gráfico tendrá un color aleatorio seleccionado de esta muestra de 100 colores.
#reajusto límite de eje Y, ya que con 10 se queda corto. Obtengo antes el valor máximo de la variable
max(norm2)## [1] 13.20505plot(x=norm1, y=norm2, xlab = "X", ylab = "Y", xlim = c(-3,3), ylim = c(0,14), col=sample(colors(),100))
## GGPLOT2
library("tidyverse")## Warning: package 'tidyverse' was built under R version 4.2.3## Warning: package 'ggplot2' was built under R version 4.2.3## Warning: package 'tibble' was built under R version 4.2.3## Warning: package 'tidyr' was built under R version 4.2.3## Warning: package 'readr' was built under R version 4.2.3## Warning: package 'purrr' was built under R version 4.2.3## Warning: package 'dplyr' was built under R version 4.2.3## Warning: package 'stringr' was built under R version 4.2.3## Warning: package 'forcats' was built under R version 4.2.3## Warning: package 'lubridate' was built under R version 4.2.3## ── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
## ✔ dplyr 1.1.3 ✔ readr 2.1.4
## ✔ forcats 1.0.0 ✔ stringr 1.5.0
## ✔ ggplot2 3.5.1 ✔ tibble 3.2.1
## ✔ lubridate 1.9.3 ✔ tidyr 1.3.0
## ✔ purrr 1.0.2
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
## ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errorsId<-c(seq(1:30))
Nota1<-c(round(runif(30, min=0, max=10),2))
Nota1## [1] 5.12 1.80 0.51 4.93 4.43 3.68 5.98 4.10 2.33 8.38 7.90 3.27 4.69 6.62 8.55
## [16] 1.97 4.15 7.89 4.09 0.11 5.96 5.98 1.67 0.86 1.29 8.42 6.42 4.25 8.55 5.33Nota2<-c(round(runif(30, min=0, max=10),2))
Especialidad <-factor(c(1,1,2,3,2,3,1,2,3,1,1,2,3,1,2,3,1,2,3,3,2,1,3,1,1,1,1,2,3,2), levels = c(1,2,3), labels = c("Análisis clínicos", "Farmacia hospitalaria", "Microbiología"))
Especialidad## [1] Análisis clínicos Análisis clínicos Farmacia hospitalaria
## [4] Microbiología Farmacia hospitalaria Microbiología
## [7] Análisis clínicos Farmacia hospitalaria Microbiología
## [10] Análisis clínicos Análisis clínicos Farmacia hospitalaria
## [13] Microbiología Análisis clínicos Farmacia hospitalaria
## [16] Microbiología Análisis clínicos Farmacia hospitalaria
## [19] Microbiología Microbiología Farmacia hospitalaria
## [22] Análisis clínicos Microbiología Análisis clínicos
## [25] Análisis clínicos Análisis clínicos Análisis clínicos
## [28] Farmacia hospitalaria Microbiología Farmacia hospitalaria
## Levels: Análisis clínicos Farmacia hospitalaria Microbiología#definir como factor para que R entienda que se trata de una variable categórica y esos números corresponden a una categoría, a la que podría asignarle un nombre
datos<-data.frame(Id, Nota1, Nota2)
datos## Id Nota1 Nota2
## 1 1 5.12 5.88
## 2 2 1.80 8.79
## 3 3 0.51 2.25
## 4 4 4.93 1.14
## 5 5 4.43 8.58
## 6 6 3.68 0.14
## 7 7 5.98 1.27
## 8 8 4.10 3.74
## 9 9 2.33 0.83
## 10 10 8.38 0.37
## 11 11 7.90 8.13
## 12 12 3.27 6.12
## 13 13 4.69 7.96
## 14 14 6.62 1.82
## 15 15 8.55 0.06
## 16 16 1.97 4.23
## 17 17 4.15 2.70
## 18 18 7.89 6.35
## 19 19 4.09 4.25
## 20 20 0.11 2.96
## 21 21 5.96 1.76
## 22 22 5.98 8.15
## 23 23 1.67 5.30
## 24 24 0.86 5.84
## 25 25 1.29 7.98
## 26 26 8.42 9.14
## 27 27 6.42 9.54
## 28 28 4.25 1.11
## 29 29 8.55 8.84
## 30 30 5.33 9.10print(ggplot(data=datos) + geom_point(aes(x=Nota1, y=Nota2), col="skyblue", size=1))
print(ggplot(data=datos) + geom_point(aes(x=Nota1, y=Nota2), col="red", size=1, shape=Especialidad))
#Shape-> definir la forma según una tercera variable, en este caso según la especialidad, variable categórica
#Guardar gráficos mediante código