Overview

This report presents the estimated mean wages for various occupations across different immigration statuses in British Columbia. The estimates consider factors such as gender, age, visible minority and Indigenous identity, knowledge of official languages, education level, location of highest degree obtained, mobility, and full-time employment status.

Modeling Estimated Wages

Objective

  • Comparing the wages of immigrants and non-immigrants for six high-demand and high-immigrant-concentrated occupations from six different TEERs, adjusting for sociodemographic and relevant characteristics.

Methodology

  • The UNIANOVA procedure provides regression analysis and analysis of variance for one dependent variable by one or more factors and/or variables.
  • UNIANOVA can also provide estimated adjusted means for the dependent variable when the covariates are set to their average value.
  • These means differ from observed (unadjusted) means, which are calculated from the study sample.

Factors or Controls used: - Gender, age, visible minority & Indigenous identity, knowledge of official language(s), education (university degree), location of highest degree obtained (Canada or abroad), mobility (past year), and full-time employment.

Figures Display

1. Legislators and Senior Managers (TEER 0)


Key Trends Observed: - Canada-wide: Adjusted wages are lower than unadjusted due to older non-immigrants and established immigrants earning more. - Vancouver: Highest adjusted wages (~$166K for non-immigrants), showing strong earnings potential. - Kelowna: Lower adjusted wages (~$132K), reflecting a smaller job market. - Victoria: Competitive earnings (~$134K), slightly behind Vancouver.

Factors Contributing to Adjustments: - Gender: ~1/3 of these jobs are held by women, who earn less, causing adjusted wages to trend downward. - Age: 65-70% of non-immigrants and established immigrants are over 45, leading to downward adjustments for younger workers.

2. Registered Nurses (TEER 1)


Key Trends Observed: - Canada-wide: Adjusted wages rise due to gender disparities and age effects. - Vancouver: High adjusted wage ($95K), reflecting demand. - Kelowna: Slightly lower ($84K), yet competitive. - Victoria: Highest adjusted wage ($103K for non-immigrants), indicating local shortages or stronger union negotiations.

Factors Contributing to Adjustments: - Gender: Adjusted wages rise since 10% of minority males earn more than females. - Age: 85% of recent immigrants are under 45, pushing their actual wages lower and requiring adjustments.

3. Computer Network and Web Technicians (TEER 2)


Key Trends Observed: - Canada-wide: Minor wage adjustments (~$69K adjusted for non-immigrants). - Vancouver: Adjusted wages remain stable (~$73K). - Kelowna: Wages align closely with Vancouver (~$77K). - Victoria: Higher than other cities (~$79K).

Factors Contributing to Adjustments: - Gender: 16% females in this occupation, earning less, slightly lowering adjusted wages.

4. Nurse Aides and Patient Service Associates (TEER 3)


Key Trends Observed: - Canada-wide: Upward wage adjustments due to underreporting of earnings (part-time employment effect). - Vancouver: Adjusted wages rise to ~$65K, showing significant adjustments. - Kelowna: Similar trend, adjusted wages reach ~$63K. - Victoria: Wages adjust upwards (~$63K for non-immigrants).

Factors Contributing to Adjustments: - Gender: 14% males earn ~$8K more on average. - Full-time employment: 35% of recent immigrants work part-time, leading to upward wage adjustments.

5. Retail and Wholesale Sales Representatives (TEER 4)


Key Trends Observed: - Canada-wide: Adjusted wages increase to compensate for part-time work prevalence. - Vancouver: Adjusted wages rise to ~$58K. - Kelowna: Adjusted wages (~$51K) are slightly lower than Vancouver. - Victoria: Wages reach ~$47K, lowest among cities.

Factors Contributing to Adjustments: - Full-time employment: 41% of workers were part-time, requiring wage adjustments (+$12K). - Age: Adjustments account for younger workers earning less. - Visible Minority: Non-visible minority immigrants make ~$8K more on average.

6. Delivery Service Drivers (TEER 5)


Key Trends Observed: - Canada-wide: Adjusted wages rise due to age and visible minority effects. - Vancouver: Adjusted wages (~$39K for recent immigrants), slightly lower than other regions. - Kelowna: Wages adjust upwards (~$39K for non-immigrants, up from $28K unadjusted). - Victoria: Lowest adjusted wages (~$40K for non-immigrants, $14K for recent immigrants).

Factors Contributing to Adjustments: - Age: Majority of recent immigrants are under 35, earning less. - Visible Minority: Over 80% of recent immigrants are visible minorities, leading to wage adjustments.

Conclusion

This document presents visualizations of estimated mean wages and provides insights into labor market trends in British Columbia based on immigration status. Future analyses could explore additional factors influencing wage disparities within these occupations.