Notes

Mentioned literature:

  1. Kopacz DJ, Neal JM, Pollock JE. The regional anesthesia "learning curve". What is the minimum number of epidural and spinal blocks to reach consistency? Reg Anesth. 1996 May-Jun;21(3):182-90. PMID: 8744658.
  2. Haskins SC, Bronshteyn Y, Perlas A, El-Boghdadly K, Zimmerman J, Silva M, Boretsky K, Chan V, Kruisselbrink R, Byrne M, Hernandez N, Boublik J, Manson WC, Hogg R, Wilkinson JN, Kalagara H, Nejim J, Ramsingh D, Shankar H, Nader A, Souza D, Narouze S. American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine expert panel recommendations on point-of-care ultrasound education and training for regional anesthesiologists and pain physicians-part II: recommendations. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2021 Dec;46(12):1048-1060. doi: 10.1136/rapm-2021-102561. Epub 2021 Feb 24. PMID: 33632777.
  3. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2256208714000431

Section 1: Anesthesia Skills and Procedures

From Q142:

1. Airway techniques

From End of airway technique section:

  • 30 “Knowing that we place various airways multiple times throughout the day, it seems like having a defined number is not necessary, other than perhaps a FOI, which we do the least amount of.”

Q3_4 Q141 Natural airway

Summary of Natural Airway

  • Mean: 50.68
  • Median: 25
  • Range: 5-450
  • Standard deviation: 78.68
  • Number of zeros: 18
  • Number of blanks: 6

FLAGGED:

  • 14 “This should be a required skill. The number is suitable for a medical student anesthesia rotation.”

EXAMPLES:

  • 15 “Too routine to require minimums”
  • 22 “I am unsure of the utility of this metric. What specific skill beyond airway management is required? The most common case fitting this in my current practice would be colonoscopy.”
  • 51 “Not sure I recommend general anesthesia without airway management.”
  • 53 “It is a pointless requirement because every resident in every program will far exceed the number to be competent.”
  • 48 “Adding a minimum to something we will naturally be proficient in adds a burden for trainees because they have to do additional logging that is not necessary. Four years of anesthesia residency will expose someone to enough general cases.”

Q3_9 Q306 Mask ventilation

Summary of Mask ventilation

  • Mean: 143.3
  • Median: 100
  • Range: 10 - 1000
  • Standard deviation: 191.59
  • Number of zeros: 25
  • Number of blanks: 5

EXAMPLES

  • 33 “core component of anesthesiology residency; should not be defined by a minimum expectation number”
  • 4 “It’s an assumed part of any general (non-RSI) anesthetic. Residents accomplish this task roughly a couple of thousand times during anesthesia residency. If a minimum is required then they will be expected to capture this task each time and it becomes unnecessary extra busywork. There is also an issue for the RRC in interpreting residents who merely stop recording events once the standard is met; for a measure such as this, which would exceed any minimum by several fold, it introduces more confounding issues than actual clarification in standards.”
  • 17 “This is a core skill that is covered in the first three months of training. An attempt does not imply success and does not add value.”

FLAGGED

  • 37 “I think this would be confusing. Is it a case done solely with mask anesthesia or is it that I was able to mask ventilate the patient at any point in the case? Since mask ventilation is utilized as a standard before most airway manipulations, I think there does not need to be a minimum.”

Q3_5 Q27 Supraglottic airway

Summary of supraglottic airway

  • Mean: 71.5
  • Median: 47.5
  • Range: 20-500
  • Standard deviation: 87.39
  • Number of zeros: 17
  • Number of blanks: 3

EXAMPLES

  • 23 “We should entrust each program to ensure residents have practice with LMA placement. I do not think it should be up to the ACGME to track this.”
  • 55 “Same as mask ventilation, there are likely hundreds or thousands of supraglottic airways, far beyond what any rational requirement would be, and documenting it would be unnecessarily burdensome”
  • 56 “The case requirements are too prescriptive, you have to assume that residents are getting a wide variety of all airway techniques.”

FLAGGED

N/A


Q3_6 Q28 Direct laryngoscopy

Summary of direct laryngoscopy

  • Mean: 126.1
  • Median: 100
  • Range: 20-500
  • Standard deviation: 106.597
  • Number of zeros: 21
  • Number of blanks: 3

EXAMPLES

  • 13 “Because the threshold and availability of videolaryngoscopy varies widely by institution, and the use of video does not in itself demonstrate lack of competency with direct laryngoscopy.”
  • 47 “Covid showed us how quickly we have to adapt our practice management to accomodate catastrophes and world events (i.e move away from DL and use move VL during training/practice). I think having a DL minimum would have put a large undue burden and stress on trainees to meet standards they would possibly not be able to attain for no fault of their own. DL is an important skill to maintain and I feel we will continue to be able to incorporate its teaching without minimums in anesthesia training just fine.”
  • 55 “Direct laryngoscopy v. video laryngoscopy is a rapidly evolving discussion. Any direct laryngoscopy requirement is likely to be out of date by the time it’s even published. To me, it’s reminiscent of ultrasound v landmark for central line placement. It’s no longer logical to have landmark requirements for central lines.”

FLAGGED

N/A


Q3_7 Q31 Video laryngoscopy

Summary of video laryngoscopy

  • Mean: 80
  • Median: 50
  • Range: 15-500
  • Standard deviation: 90.28
  • Number of zeros: 19
  • Number of blanks: 3

EXAMPLES

  • 3 “Video laryngoscopy is ubiquitous in practice at this point and it is inconceivable to me that a trainee in anesthesiology would not exceed any minimum by several orders of magnitude; hence, like masking and DL above, video scope attempts would be just extra busy work.”
  • 47 “We are now moving toward more use of VL and thus do not feel a minimum is needed to achieve given trainees will be proficient at this skill after 4 years of training.”

FLAGGED

N/A


Q3_8 Q33 Fiberoptic intubation

Summary of Fiberoptic intubation

  • Mean: 16.29
  • Median: 12.50
  • Range: 2-50
  • Standard deviation: 11.09
  • Number of zeros: 1
  • Number of blanks: 1

Q142: Airway management techniques, any other thoughts

EXAMPLES

  • 2”I found it difficult to come up with a number for many of the above items (attempted mask ventilation, attempted DL, etc) as it is my estimation we all graduate on the order of thousands.me, I did not get much experience with fiberoptic intubation and establishing a minimum would ensure exposure.”
  • 8 “This is a really hard section for me to determine. I don’t feel very strongly about the exact numbers, but I do feel strongly that mask ventilation, LMAs and direct laryngoscopy need minimum numbers. I see newer grads having a lot of video laryngoscopy exposure, but in real life, not every facility has a video scope. Masking, LMA and DL skills are still very important in many practices. I also see newer folks intubating everyone for everything. Ensuring broad exposure to LMAs might help folks be more comfortable using LMAs (but also not getting themselves into trouble).”
  • 14 “I agree with having fiberoptic intubation in a certain number for case log requirements but do not think mask ventilation, supraglottic airways, or video laryngoscopy should be included. These techniques are the basics of anesthesia and should be mastered by all anesthesiologists. I fear putting a number may give the wrong impression and the trainees may not take these vital tasks seriously after attaining the required numbers.”
  • 23 “I strongly feel there should not be micro-management of airway management. This is a hallway of the specialty. We already access competence on the milestones. The only one that is reasonable is to ensure practice with fiberoptic management.”
  • 29 “For the fiberoptic intubations, residents are not getting as much experience with these since the regular use to the glide scope and hence the lower number.number 50 should reflect the number of successful airway procedures with minimal supervision (ie) resident performed procedure mostly independently”
  • “I do feel that AFOI should be logged by residents. it ever comes to the point where most people are doing video laryngoscopy rather that DL, then there should be a case minimum for DL. Analog skills must be retained, especially b/c of climate change (loss of electrical grid), supply chain uncertainty, and should they wish to practice in an under resourced location.”

FLAGGED

  • 20 “Consider including invasive airway (ex. cric.)”
  • 21 “If it doesn’t complicate it much, I would consider adding a subsection of location with regards to Airway Management. I’m thinking of the growing prevalence of NORA sites throughout academic and private practice and general anesthesia with natural airway in these instances (IR - airway and PNB, endoscopy, IVF to name a few). This particular example of NORA and general anesthesia with a natural airway is important in my opinion.”
  • 25 “Awake Fiberoptic Intubation - 5”
  • 27 “Our of OR Airways or "The Physiological Difficult Airway".Sequence InductionIntubation?”
  • 31 “Simulation sessions for fiberoptic techniques should be counted toward this number, not just live patient contact.”
  • 37 “I think there should be a way to log both since there can be procedures where you utilize multiple of these methods… Fiberoptic utilization has dropped way down with the success and advent of video laryngoscopy. I wonder if the category minimum should be for indirect visualization of the vocal cords and track utilization of the fiberoptic as "use of fiberoptic bronchoscope" which would also include use in double lumen tubes or intraoperative bronchoscopy for obstruction, etc.”
  • 39 “My numbers are based on a per year case amount. If you have 250 business days and 15 to 20 vacation days during the year my management for general anesthesia cases is 150 cases which is a bare minimum for me. The most valuable aspect of any residency is personal experience in cases. I performed way more cases during my residency but this was during the time period of 1987 to 1990. Didactic teaching is very important to me but actual experiences in the OR is what I believe develops and build residents.”
  • 41 “I would ensure that minimums exceed any public numbers for CRNA/SRNa, AA training.”
  • 44 …The other skills that I would consider including would be lung isolation (DLT / Endobronchial blocker) and Jet Ventilation.“
  • 59 “I would consider adding awake intubations as the above will not necessarily address topicalization.”

2. Vascular access

People generally thought case minimums were necessary for vascular access, though people were most split on pulmonary artery catheters, which some pointed out as “archaic.”


Q190_4 Q191 Arterial lines (total)

Summary of Arterial lines(total):

  • Mean: 41.9
  • Median: 40
  • Range: 5-100
  • Standard deviation: 25.3
  • Number of zeros: 8
  • Number of blanks: 2

EXAMPLES

  • 23 “Vascular access is critical for an anesthesiologist. We can attest to competency in the milestones, but I do not feel it is productive to record attempted numbers.”
  • 47 “Again, done more than enough times in training, a minimum isn’t necessary”

Q190_5 Q192 Arterial lines with ultrasound

Summary of Arterial lines with ultrasound:

  • Mean: 23.47
  • Median: 20
  • Range: 5-100
  • Standard deviation: 18.38
  • Number of zeros: 9
  • Number of blanks: 2

EXAMPLES

  • 3 “Many A-lines are typically placed during training. The use of U/S is helpful, but should not be evaluated as part of ACGME case logs as it’s not a necessary part of practice.”
  • 24 “I believe it’s the arterial line that is important. Whether or not US is used is not relevant to the skill and practice.”
  • 47”We do enough of these in cardiac and other situations training that a standard is not necessary.”
  • “In a typical residency, trainees should perform many more than what I expect is minimum to become competent (this suggests 40 or so, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2256208714000431)”

Q190_6 Q193 Central lines

Summary of Central lines

  • Mean: 24.02
  • Median: 20
  • Range: 2-50
  • Standard deviation: 12.72
  • Number of zeros: 4
  • Number of blanks: 2

EXAMPLES

  • 47 “Given we have to rotate in cardiac, you will place plenty of lines and gain proficiency there. I think maintaining a minimum amount of cardiac pump cases can ensure we maintain a CVL minimum. Plus, there are additional times to place a line that will happen in the 4 years.”

Q190_7 Q194 Pulmonary artery catheters

Summary of Pulmonary artery catheters

  • Mean: 11.16
  • Median: 10
  • Range: 2-40
  • Standard deviation: 7.76
  • Number of zeros: 18
  • Number of blanks: 4

EXAMPLES

  • 9 “As there seems to be a push towards more non-invasive monitoring techniques, I worry with regards to PA catheters, that we would be placing catheters in some patients purely for resident numbers and not for patient benefit”
  • 16 “I do not believe that PA catheter placement is essential as a general anesthesiologist. They are being used less and less frequently. I do not believe it is essential for graduation.”
  • 26 “TEE and other technologies that provide cardiac output assessment have lead to some centers moving away from PA catheters so many resident may not ever get the chance to place one. If a resident is projecting a career with frequent PA catheter use, they will gain the skill in fellowship. Otherwise, this just may be putting a number to something most graduates will never use in practice.”
  • 40”Some places don’t place PA catheters regularly even for cardiac surgery. Would be hard to get.”
  • 43”Current cardiac anesthesia and ICU literature increasingly demonstrates a lack of clear outcomes benefit for routine and perioperative PAC and I think especially with the ABA formally moving to a certification for Cardiac Anesthesiology, PAC is not particularly relevant to the general anesthesiologist.”
  • 46 “Don’t want to cause patients harm just to get PA lines placed”
  • 60 “There should not be a PA catheter requirement. The data is not supportive of using this invasive monitor for basic procedures, and I worry the requirement would disadvantage programs that are not high volume transplant and VAD centers.”

Q196 Vascular access, other thoughts

EXAMPLES

  • 3 “A-lines represent another technique that may be obviated in the near future by non-invasive technology. The case log requirements should, as much as possible, attempt to anticipate trends.”
  • 13 “PAC use among institutions varies widely. This is really the only skill that may need a minimum number to assure some exposure for each trainee”
  • 14 “Vascular access techniques are important and I agree with making them a part of the case log requirement.”
  • 17 “Pulmonary artery catheter placement is rarely done outside the cardiac OR or CV ICU. Community-based residencies may have fewer opportunities.”
  • 60 “Many residents are extremely dependent on ultrasound. While this is standard of care of invasive central lines, there should be some proficiency at placing arterial lines without ultrasound,.”

FLAGGED

  • 21 “If it doesn’t make it too difficult, I would also consider having a subset within each. I personally didn’t place any femoral central lines or arterial lines during residency which I think would be helpful (3-5). We didn’t have a heavy penetrating/blunt trauma experience and I think there is also some utility to learning how to do blind subclavian central lines if possible (2-3)”
  • “I do not believe that 5 PAC placements is sufficient, but I know that many programs have limited use of PA lines and i would not want to limit graduation based on this.”
  • 25 “Midline placements- 5”
  • 28 “Also needed: dialysis/HD line placement attempts (3 is probably sufficient as these kits are different enough that familiarization with technique is needed)”
  • 37 “I would say that the standard of care has switched to use of ultrasound in central venous access almost universally so I appreciate that there is not a category for CVL without ultrasound. Additionally, this does not take into consideration difficult peripheral IV access obtained with ultrasound which is a different skill to some extent. I would consider adding at least 10 PIV with ultrasound guidance or change the category to "arterial or IV access obtained with ultrasound".”
  • 41 “I would break central line placements in to non internal jugular (SC/femoral) with a minimum of 5, and internal jugual with a minimum of 20 total.”
  • 44 “Is there also a need to include general IV access? Proficiency with this skill can translate to dexterity and skills that apply to all vascular access.”

3. Peripheral nerve blocks


Q197_5 Q199 Upper extremity blocks

Summary of Upper Extremity Blocks

  • Mean: 23.73
  • Median: 20
  • Range: 10-50
  • Standard deviation: 11.83
  • Number of zeros: 2
  • Number of blanks: 3

EXAMPLES

  • 11 “The current requirement of 40 logged peripheral nerve blocks is adequate. The case log report also lists the site of the block. We do not have to make it more complicated by adding minimums for each site.”
  • 56 “I think we should require the same total number of blocks without prescribing exactly how many of each type.”

Q197_6 Q200 Lower extremity blocks

Summary of Lower extremity blocks

  • Mean: 24.55
  • Median: 20
  • Range: 10-50
  • Standard deviation: 12.1
  • Number of zeros: 2
  • Number of blanks: 3

EXAMPLES

N/A


Q197_7 Q201 Truncal nerve blocks


Summary of Truncal nerve blocks

  • Mean: 19.81
  • Median: 20
  • Range: 10-50
  • Standard deviation: 10.32
  • Number of zeros: 3
  • Number of blanks: 3

EXAMPLES

  • 23 “Unless the graduate is going to be doing an acute pain fellowship, aside from TAP blocks, I do not think the general anesthesiologist needs to know how to perform these blocks. They are rarer and should not be an expected graduation requirement.”

Q197_4 Q198 Attempted peripheral nerve blocks (total)

Summary of Attempted peripheral nerve blocks (total)

Participants felt strongly that peripheral nerve blocks should be included and agreed that an anatomical breakdown was important. But, participants pointed out that some practices specialize in one particular region, making some regions difficult for residents to attain the case requirement.

  • Mean: 68.7
  • Median: 60
  • Range: 10-200
  • Standard deviation: 34.77
  • Number of zeros: 0
  • Number of blanks: 6

Q203 Peripheral Nerve Blocks, other

EXAMPLES

  • 3 “I like this breakdown. Overall, I think this is an important category to note that anesthesiology is a life-long learning specialty and blocks, while helpful, are not necessary for most safely delivered anesthetics. There are fellowships for those who want greater expertise and CME is extensive in this area beyond graduation.”
  • 17 “In our community-based practice, the ability to perform blocks is highly dependent on the surgeon, which is why the numbers listed are lower than I would normally consider. In our practice upper extremity blocks are more challenging. I do think peripheral nerve catheter placement is a necessary skill for residents to learn, and this is not a category listed.”
  • 26 “I think these numbers should actually be higher. However, I would guess that the category of nerve blocks has some of the widest outliers for all case log types among programs, so I am trying to be mindful of the programs that might not have as robust a pain service presence.”
  • 31 “I feel that each of the general types of blocks should be represented and have their own minimum to ensure knowledge of relevant anatomy and block specific considerations. The total number of required blocks should exceed the addition of each category together to allow for institutional differences in block culture (i.e one hospital performs more hip and knee surgery while another performs more shoulder surgery).”
  • 54 “The expansion of applications for regional anesthesia/analgesia and common incorporation in ERAS pathways justifies increasing these minimum numbers.”

FLAGGED

  • 8 “More definition needed for these numbers. New grads need to be proficient in interscalene/supraclavicular, popliteal, femoral/adductor, and TAPS–these cover the majority of surgeries. Proficiency in these basic blocks should be required–they are used in nearly every modern anesthesia practice. Other blocks are less widely used and exposure is acceptable.”
  • 9 “Does there need to be a delineation between perineural catheters and single shot blocks? think our residents should be competent to perform most basic blocks upon graduation. At a requirement of only 40 blocks, I would think most would need to pursue fellowship or additional training to feel comfortable and provide appropriate patient safety.”
  • 14 “Suggestion: Should we think of single shots vs catheters to include in the total case log?”
  • 28 “There are far too many different truncal nerve blocks and depending on the current du jour block (currently QL it seems), there is significant heterogeneity in training exposure to the various types. Would NOT include neuraxial analgesia/anesthesia in these numbers.”
  • 36 “Focus on UE and LE blocks should be on the "workhorse" blocks such as the supraclavicular and interscalene, sciatic and adductor canal, and thoracic and abdominal transverse abdominal plane (TAP) blocks.”
  • 41 “With truncal blocks becoming significantly more common, I think the case log numbers should increase. I would track but not have a minimum on perineural catheterizations.”
  • 44 “I would further delineate truncal nerve blocks. As it is currently classified above, a resident could achieve all of the truncal nerve block numbers with TAP blocks. This would not necessarily translate to Erector spinae or Quadratus lumborum skills / knowledge.”

4. Neuraxial techniques


Some wanted to differentiate between lumbar and thoracic epidural, though there was quite an amount of disagreement on this. Because of the rarity of caudal blocks/some practices not doing them as they only apply to pediatrics (?) more people said that there shouldn’t be a minimum for them.


Q204_4 Q205 Epidurals, INCLUDING combined spinal-epidural and dural puncture epidural

Summary of Epidurals, INCLUDING combined spinal-epidural and dural puncture epidural

  • Mean: 45.2
  • Median: 40
  • Range: 10-100
  • Standard deviation: 13.47
  • Number of zeros: 0
  • Number of blanks: 0

Q204_5 Q206 Attempted spinal block, EXCLUDING combined spinal-epidural

Summary of Attempted spinal block, EXCLUDING combined spinal-epidural

  • Mean: 35.52
  • Median: 40
  • Range: 5-100
  • Standard deviation: 15.94
  • Number of zeros: 1
  • Number of blanks: 1

EXAMPLES

  • 23”A combined procedure still requires understanding of the science behind spinal and epidural analgesia.”

Q204_9 Q307 Attempted spinal block, INCLUDING combined spinal-epidural

Summary of Attempted spinal block, INCLUDING combined spinal-epidural

  • Mean: 36.19
  • Median: 40
  • Range: 10-60
  • Standard deviation: 14.3
  • Number of zeros: 9
  • Number of blanks: 9

EXAMPLES

  • 3 “Spinal CSE already captured in epidural (including CSE). Redundant.”
  • 13 “The use of combined spinal-epidural blocks varies by institutions. The technique in most cases is used in situations in which epidural alone could be chosen, Combined techniques should be counted as epidurals.”
  • 40 “CSE should be under the epidural heading as epidural placement is the primary skill used in that procedure”
  • 59 “I think if you can do a spinal and an epidural, CSE is trivial.”

Q204_6 Q207 Attempted Caudal Blocks

Summary of Attempted Caudal Blocks

  • Mean: 8.49
  • Median: 5
  • Range: 2-40
  • Standard deviation: 7.89
  • Number of zeros: 20
  • Number of blanks: 9

EXAMPLES

  • 26 “Caudal blocks are pretty specific to pediatrics. Putting a random number (say 3-5) doesn’t make me confident the resident would be competent. Putting a higher number (say 15-20) may be unnecessary if they’ll never use the skill in practice.”
  • 31 “Caudal epidurals are generally done as either a) a procedure for chronic pain or b) a procedure for surgery in pediatrics. This is largely surgeon and institution dependent and can be learned in fellowship training if this skill is desired.”
  • 44 “Exposure to caudal blocks would be ideal, but I am not sure it needs to be an ACGME requirement. I don’t believe it is currently singled out, and am not sure it is a required skill for a general anesthesiologist practicing in a community or academic setting.”
  • 60 “This block is not used universally and centers without a free standing Children’s hospital may be at a disadvantage.”

Q209 Neuroaxial techniques, other

EXAMPLES

  • 54 “I agree with the current standards. The essential skill in CSE or straight epidural is properly identifying the epidural space with a Touhy needle. Passing a spinal needle through the Touhy is not a sufficiently demanding technical skill to be separately assessed as a minimum experience, and that portion of CSE should not count toward the minimum for spinal procedures because it distinct from the technical challenge of identifying the subarachnoid space from the skin with a more flimsy spinal needle.”
  • 51 “1) CSE/DPE should count as epidural only 2) I think there is value in counting thoracic epidurals as a subset of total.”
  • 49 “I think that there should be a minimum number of spinals excluding CSE as it is a different technique. It’s much less common in private practice to do a CSE yet in training many residents only do a few spinals, then struggle to transition. It also lets them get comfortable with supervised management of a patient should there be a complication from the spinal vs experiencing that alone post graduation without ever having become proficient at spinals.”
  • 24 “CSE should not count towards spinal requirement. Location of neuraxial should not be separated in case logs”
  • 13 “I don’t think a specific requirement for combined spinal-epidurals is necessary. As stated, I think they should count toward the epidural requirement. Location of epidurals do not need separate tracking.”

FLAGGED

  • 53 “I do not think that CSE should contribute to spinal blocks. They are completely different techniques. CSE should be an epidural technique.left caudal blank as I think this should be best answered by peds anesthesia.”
  • 43 “I think that there should be separate requirements for lumbar epidurals (30) and thoracic epidurals (20).” = 32 “Straight Epidurals, Single Shot spinals, and CSEs need to be parsed out separately. The above language (including/not including) is CONFUSING to everyone. The 3 are different techniques and should be treated as such. I could see a resident reliant on CSE to confirm placement not being comfortable determining loss with a straight epidural. Institutions may vary in preference for epidurals vs CSE.”
  • 17 “A CSE should count as both a spinal and epidural procedure. I believe we should consider an additional category: ultrasound-guided neuraxial block. For this I would have a low requirement # like 5.”
  • 3”1) See above - CSE should not count towards spinals (but total spinals should be lower at 20). Simplifies things. 2) Location - not necessary to track. Thoracic epidurals are placed with lower frequency than in years past with the advent of erector spinae and paravertebral blocks.be interesting to consider U/S use for 10 epidurals prior to graduation? I guess I would favor not including that, but wanted to bring it up.”
  • 9 “I would like to see this system:Neuraxial Blocks: 80- Minimum Spinal: 40- Minimum Epidural: 40- CSE (this can count towards the 80 neuraxial blocks total, but they don’t need a minimum number of CSEs)do not believe that a CSE should count as both a spinal and an epidural but rather one neuraxial”


5. Ultrasound Assessments



Q210_9 Q216 POCUS exams, cardiac

Summary of POCUS exams, cardiac

  • Mean: 15.27
  • Median: 10
  • Range: 2-50
  • Standard deviation: 11.45
  • Number of zeros: 7
  • Number of blanks: 9

EXAMPLES

  • 23 “cumbersome to track exams to this small a detail.”
  • 15 “I don’t think these exams are ubiquitous yet.”
  • 11 “We can have a total POCUS exam minimum with listing the site but there should not be site specific minimums.”

Q210_10 Q217 POCUS exams, lung

Summary of POCUS exams, lung

  • Mean: 12.55
  • Median: 10
  • Range: 2-50
  • Standard deviation: 9.46
  • Number of zeros: 8
  • Number of blanks: 10

Q210_11 Q218 POCUS exams, gastric

Summary of POCUS exams, gastric

  • Mean: 13.02
  • Median: 10
  • Range: 2-50
  • Standard deviation: 9.57
  • Number of zeros: 8
  • Number of blanks: 10

Q210_12 Q219 POCUS exams, FAST

Summary of POCUS exams, FAST

  • Mean: 13.29
  • Median: 10
  • Range: 2-50
  • Standard deviation: 9.12
  • Number of zeros: 15
  • Number of blanks: 11

EXAMPLES

  • 1 “Not appropriate for anesthesiologists”
  • 9 “Many of the FAST exams are done by Emergency physicians prior to patients presenting for surgery. There may not be as many opportunities for this exam outside of that setting that are specifically done by anesthesia providers.
  • 35 “I work at several busy trauma centers in Austin, TX. I have never been asked to perform a FAST exam myself, as it’s always completed by either the ER physician or the trauma surgeon. This should be left to those specialties because our lack of consistency in doing these exams could lead to false negative calls and perhaps miss early internal bleeding or bladder rupture.”
  • 41 “Not all residents have access to emergency department assessment of trauma patients and the cases may be prioritized to ER/surgery or other residents limiting access to this exam.”

Q210_4 Q211 POCUS exams, total

Summary of POCUS exams, total

  • Mean: 43.83
  • Median: 30
  • Range: 50-200
  • Standard deviation: 38.09
  • Number of zeros: 4
  • Number of blanks: 11

Q210_13 Q220 Transesophageal echocardiograms

Summary of Transesophageal echocardiograms

  • Mean: 15.9
  • Median: 10
  • Range: 5-100
  • Standard deviation: 15.68
  • Number of zeros: 12
  • Number of blanks: 9

EXAMPLES

  • 3 “Fellowship level expertise.”
  • 24 “Not a skill required as generalist anesthesiologist.”
  • 40 “TEE is specific to cardiac anesthesiology and would not be a skill a non-cardiac anesthesiologist would be expected to use (same rationale for caudal)”
  • 43 “TEE is an advanced imaging modality with its own certification standards as determined by the NBE. In an ideal state, I think anyone doing a TEE, even for basic resuscitative echo, should be NBE board certified as determined by existing standards. As this is not a realistic requirement for the majority of programs and the ABA now has a separate board certification for cardiac, I think TEE is inappropriate in the hands of a non-NBE certified non-cardiac anesthesiologist.”

Q214, Ultrasound assessments, other

People generally see POCUS as the future of the field and necessary to have minimums. Some discussed not breaking the exams down into categories, or mentioned “TEE.” Some noted that some programs would be unable to reach the requirements.

EXAMPLES

  • 3 “POCUS is evolving. I would favor allowing programs to create their own content until the data is more robust in suggesting improved outcomes.”
  • 8 “I’ve seen POCUS used mostly in emergencies and to supplement complex decision making. I don’t have feelings on specific numbers, but I do think expsoure to all in important. New grads will likely be teaching their senior partners these techniques as we see them increasing incorporated into practice. For TEE- I’d say 20 full and 20 select exam. We need exposure enough for basic evaluation intraoperatively”
  • 17 “In our practice, we have residents complete ASA POCUS Certification. FAST exams are difficult to obtain in our community-based program.”
  • 27 “I would use the ASA certification for POCUS as the minimum number required.”
  • 32 “Given that POCUS is an expectation for graduation and an essential skill for OSCE and board certification, establishing minimums may encourage leadership in residencies without robust pocus programs to allocate resources into such.”
  • 37 “While I think it is worthwhile to perhaps create a minimum for all POCUS exams to push the field to expand their practice, I think that subcategorizing those minimums puts many programs at risk. The fact is that POCUS is not the standard practice in the OR each and every day across the country. While able to be utilized in the ICU, until POCUS is more standard of practice and clinically proven to actually improve care and diagnosis, requiring ACGME minimums is an reach.”

FLAGGED

  • 23 “I do think POCUS exams should be included, however, tracking all the sub-types is cumbersome. I think there should be a basic requirement of 10, where the instructions are they should include a variety of cardiac, lung, gastric and FAST exams.”
  • “I think we should specify that exams performed in an educational setting, including those performed on mannequins, count towards the minimum requirements.”
  • 34 “For TEE, the views needed should be mid-esophageal 4-chamber view, mid-esophageal long-axis view, and the trans-gastric view.”