Load the library:
── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
✔ dplyr 1.1.4 ✔ readr 2.1.5
✔ forcats 1.0.0 ✔ stringr 1.5.1
✔ ggplot2 3.5.1 ✔ tibble 3.2.1
✔ lubridate 1.9.4 ✔ tidyr 1.3.1
✔ purrr 1.0.4
── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
✖ dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errors
Load the dataset:
year month day dep_time sched_dep_time
Min. :2023 Min. : 1.000 Min. : 1.00 Min. : 1 Min. : 500
1st Qu.:2023 1st Qu.: 3.000 1st Qu.: 8.00 1st Qu.: 931 1st Qu.: 930
Median :2023 Median : 6.000 Median :16.00 Median :1357 Median :1359
Mean :2023 Mean : 6.423 Mean :15.74 Mean :1366 Mean :1364
3rd Qu.:2023 3rd Qu.: 9.000 3rd Qu.:23.00 3rd Qu.:1804 3rd Qu.:1759
Max. :2023 Max. :12.000 Max. :31.00 Max. :2400 Max. :2359
NA's :10738
dep_delay arr_time sched_arr_time arr_delay
Min. : -50.00 Min. : 1 Min. : 1 Min. : -97.000
1st Qu.: -6.00 1st Qu.:1105 1st Qu.:1135 1st Qu.: -22.000
Median : -2.00 Median :1519 Median :1551 Median : -10.000
Mean : 13.84 Mean :1497 Mean :1552 Mean : 4.345
3rd Qu.: 10.00 3rd Qu.:1946 3rd Qu.:2007 3rd Qu.: 9.000
Max. :1813.00 Max. :2400 Max. :2359 Max. :1812.000
NA's :10738 NA's :11453 NA's :12534
carrier flight tailnum origin
Length:435352 Min. : 1.0 Length:435352 Length:435352
Class :character 1st Qu.: 364.0 Class :character Class :character
Mode :character Median : 734.0 Mode :character Mode :character
Mean : 785.2
3rd Qu.:1188.0
Max. :1972.0
dest air_time distance hour
Length:435352 Min. : 18.0 Min. : 80.0 Min. : 5.00
Class :character 1st Qu.: 77.0 1st Qu.: 479.0 1st Qu.: 9.00
Mode :character Median :121.0 Median : 762.0 Median :13.00
Mean :141.8 Mean : 977.5 Mean :13.35
3rd Qu.:177.0 3rd Qu.:1182.0 3rd Qu.:17.00
Max. :701.0 Max. :4983.0 Max. :23.00
NA's :12534
minute time_hour
Min. : 0.00 Min. :2023-01-01 05:00:00.00
1st Qu.:10.00 1st Qu.:2023-03-30 20:00:00.00
Median :29.00 Median :2023-06-27 08:00:00.00
Mean :28.53 Mean :2023-06-29 10:02:22.39
3rd Qu.:45.00 3rd Qu.:2023-09-27 11:00:00.00
Max. :59.00 Max. :2023-12-31 23:00:00.00
select variables:
<- flights |> select (dep_delay, month, flight, carrier, distance, origin, dest) |> filter (origin== "JFK" ) |> filter (! is.na (distance))head (flights1)
# A tibble: 6 × 7
dep_delay month flight carrier distance origin dest
<dbl> <int> <int> <chr> <dbl> <chr> <chr>
1 78 1 393 DL 760 JFK ATL
2 47 1 371 B6 1576 JFK BQN
3 173 1 1053 B6 636 JFK CHS
4 10 1 996 B6 1576 JFK BQN
5 -10 1 800 B6 1028 JFK PBI
6 -6 1 165 AA 1089 JFK MIA
<- flights1|> ggplot () + geom_point (aes (x= distance, y= dep_delay, color = carrier,alpha= 0.2 )) + labs (color= "Airline" ,x= "Flight Distance" ,y = "Departure Delay" ,title = "Comparison of Flight Distance to Departure Delay by Carrier" ,caption = "Source: FAA Aircraft registry" )
Warning: Removed 2848 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
(`geom_point()`).
$ month[flights1$ month == 1 ]<- "Jan" $ month[flights1$ month == 2 ]<- "Feb" $ month[flights1$ month == 3 ]<- "March" $ month[flights1$ month == 4 ]<- "April" $ month[flights1$ month == 5 ]<- "May" $ month[flights1$ month == 6 ]<- "June" $ month[flights1$ month == 7 ]<- "July" $ month[flights1$ month == 8 ]<- "Aug" $ month[flights1$ month == 9 ]<- "Sept" $ month[flights1$ month == 10 ]<- "Oct" $ month[flights1$ month == 11 ]<- "Nov" $ month[flights1$ month == 12 ]<- "Dec"
$ carrier[flights1$ carrier == "YX" ]<- "Republic Airlines" $ carrier[flights1$ carrier == "OO" ]<- "Sky West Airlines" $ carrier[flights1$ carrier == "HA" ]<- "Hawaiian Airline" $ carrier[flights1$ carrier == "DL" ]<- "Delta Airlines" $ carrier[flights1$ carrier == "B6" ]<- "Jet Blue" $ carrier[flights1$ carrier == "AS" ]<- "Alaska Airlines" $ carrier[flights1$ carrier == "AA" ]<- "American Airlines" $ carrier[flights1$ carrier == "9E" ]<- "Endeavor Air"
ggplot (data = flights1, aes (x= month, y= carrier, fill = distance)) + geom_tile ()+ scale_fill_distiller (palette= "BuPu" ) + theme_bw ()+ theme (axis.text.x = element_text (angle = 90 )) + labs ( title = "Flight Distance by Airline Carrier" ,caption = "Source: FAA Aircraft registry" ,x= "Month" , y= "Airline Carrier" )
Essay:
I created a heat map that compares the distances each Airline carrier flies by month. There are only eight airlines because I narrowed the scale to airlines running out of the JFK airport. This helped focus on the patterns without too many variables. This heat map shows that the month does not indicate significant variation in flight distance, however, the airlines are consistantly different in their flight distances. I would like to highlight that Hawaiian Airline runs flights with the greatest distances by far, and one of the airlines with the closest flights is Endeavor Airline. This makes sense because Hawaiian Airlines must travel a great deal even to reach land (as it is an island). I began creating the visualization by comparing the delay with the distance, but the comparison did not show strong relationships, so I decided to try out a different direction.
