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```r
plot(cars)
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```r
```r
1+1
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[1] 2
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```r
```r
4/2
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[1] 2
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```r
```r
log(2)#Natrual log
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[1] 0.6931472
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# Question 1 log 10
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```r
```r
log10(10)
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[1] 1
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```r
```r
log(10,5)
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[1] 1.430677
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```r
```r
log(10,10)
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[1] 1
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```r
```r
log(100,4)
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[1] 3.321928
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```r
```r
BA=129/412
BA
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[1] 0.3131068
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```r
```r
# Alternative Solution
N_hits=129
At_Bats=412
BA<-N_hits/At_Bats
BA
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[1] 0.3131068
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```r
```r
Batting_Average=round(BA, digit-3)
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Error: object ‘digit’ not found
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**Question_2:What is the batting average of a player that bats 42 hits in 212 at bats?**
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```r
```r
```{r}
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Error: attempt to use zero-length variable name
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```r
```r
OBP=(172+84+5)/(515+84+5+6)
OBP
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[1] 0.4278689
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```r
```r
OBP_Adj=round(OBP, digits=3)
OBP_Adj
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[1] 0.428
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#Question_3:Compute the OBP for a player with the following general stats:
#AB=565,H=156,BB=65,HBP=3,SF=7
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```r
```r
OBP=(156+65+3)/(565+65+3+156+7)
OBP_ad=round(OBP,digits = 3)
OBP_ad
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[1] 0.281
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**Often you will want to test whether something is less than, greater than or equal to something**
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```r
```r
3 == 8# Does 3 equals 8?
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[1] FALSE
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```r
```r
3 != 8# Is 3 different from 8?
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[1] TRUE
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```r
```r
3 <= 8# Is 3 less than or equal to 8?
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[1] TRUE
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```r
```r
3>4
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[1] FALSE
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```r
# Logical Disjunction (or)
FALSE | FALSE # False OR False
[1] FALSE# Logical Conjunction (and)
TRUE & FALSE #True AND False
[1] FALSE# Negation
! FALSE # Not False
[1] TRUE# Combination of statements
2 < 3 | 1 == 5 # 2<3 is True, 1==5 is False, True OR False is True
[1] TRUETotal_Bases <- 6 + 5
Total_Bases*3
[1] 33ls() [1] "At_Bats" "BA" "Batting_Average" "hits_per_9innings"
[5] "N_hits" "N_Hits" "OBP" "OBP_ad"
[9] "OBP_Adj" "pitches_by_innings" "run_per_9innings" "strikes_by_innings"
[13] "Total_Bases" ls()
[1] "At_Bats" "BA" "Batting_Average" "N_hits"
[5] "N_Hits" "OBP" "OBP_ad" "OBP_Adj" pitches_by_innings<-c(12,15,10,20,10)
pitches_by_innings
[1] 12 15 10 20 10strikes_by_innings<-c(6,12,8,14,9)
strikes_by_innings[1] 6 12 8 14 9#Question #4 define two vectors, runs_per_9innings and hits_per_9innings, each with five elements
run_per_9innings<-c(1,3,2,1,6)
run_per_9innings[1] 1 3 2 1 6hits_per_9innings<-c(6,12,8,10,15)
hits_per_9innings[1] 6 12 8 10 15rep(2,5)
[1] 2 2 2 2 2rep(3,3)
[1] 3 3 31:6
[1] 1 2 3 4 5 62:7
[1] 2 3 4 5 6 7seq(1,10, by=3)
[1] 1 4 7 10seq(2,13, by=3)
[1] 2 5 8 11#adding vectors
pitches_by_innings+strikes_by_innings#+ operator
[1] 18 24 12 28 18#compare the two vectors
pitches_by_innings[1] 12 15 10 20 10strikes_by_innings[1] 9 12 6 14 9pitches_by_innings==strikes_by_innings[1] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSElength(pitches_by_innings)
[1] 5min(pitches_by_innings)
[1] 10mean(pitches_by_innings)[1] 13.4pitches_by_innings[1]
[1] 12#Question_5: Get the first element of hits_per_9innings.
hits_per_9innings[1][1] 6#Question_6: Get the last element of hits_per_9innings.
hits_per_9innings[5]
[1] 15pitches_by_innings[1] 12 15 10 20 10pitches_by_innings[c(1:3)][1] 12 15 10#Formatting a new vector categoring an element
player_positions<-c("catcher","pitcher","infielders","outfielders")
player_positions[1] "catcher" "pitcher" "infielders" "outfielders"*Data Frames
*Using Tables
x<-c("Yes","No","No","Yes","Yes")
table(x)x
No Yes
2 3 Numerical measures and center of spread
ceo_salaries<-c(12,.4,2,50,8,3,1,4,.25)
mean(ceo_salaries)[1] 8.961111var(ceo_salaries)[1] 251.9386sd(ceo_salaries)[1] 15.87257median(ceo_salaries)[1] 3fivenum(ceo_salaries)[1] 0.25 1.00 3.00 8.00 50.00getMode<-function(x) {
ux <-unique(x)
ux[which.max(tabulate(match(x,ux)))]
}pitches_by_innings[1] 12 15 10 20 10getMode(pitches_by_innings)[1] 10#Question_7: Find the most frequent value of hits_per_9innings.
getMode(hits_per_9innings)[1] 6#Question_8: Summarize the following survey with the `table()` command:
#What is your favorite day of the week to watch baseball? A total of 10 fans submitted this survey.
#Saturday, Saturday, Sunday, Monday, Saturday,Tuesday, Sunday, Friday, Friday, Monday
game_day<-c("Saturday", "Saturday", "Sunday", "Monday", "Saturday","Tuesday", "Sunday", "Friday", "Friday", "Monday")
getMode(game_day)[1] "Saturday"