Membuat data frame dalam R

data <- data.frame(
  Age = c(30.83, 58.67, 24.50, 27.83, 20.17),
  Debt = c(0.000, 4.460, 0.500, 1.540, 5.625),
  YearsEmployed = c(1.25, 3.04, 1.50, 3.75, 1.71),
  PriorDefault = c(1, 1, 0, 1, 0),
  Employed = c(1, 0, 0, 1, 0),
  CreditScore = c(1, 6, 0, 5, 0),
  DriversLicense = c(0, 0, 0, 0, 0),
  ZipCode = c(202, 43, 280, 100, 120),
  Income = c(0, 560, 824, 3, 0),
  Approved = c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
)

# Menampilkan data dalam format tabel
print(data)
##     Age  Debt YearsEmployed PriorDefault Employed CreditScore DriversLicense
## 1 30.83 0.000          1.25            1        1           1              0
## 2 58.67 4.460          3.04            1        0           6              0
## 3 24.50 0.500          1.50            0        0           0              0
## 4 27.83 1.540          3.75            1        1           5              0
## 5 20.17 5.625          1.71            0        0           0              0
##   ZipCode Income Approved
## 1     202      0        1
## 2      43    560        1
## 3     280    824        1
## 4     100      3        1
## 5     120      0        1

Menghitung matriks kovarians

cov_matrix <- cov(data)
print(cov_matrix)
##                        Age        Debt YearsEmployed PriorDefault  Employed
## Age             231.361400    9.345663      6.999375      5.03250   -1.5350
## Debt              9.345663    6.187675      0.605225     -0.31875   -0.8275
## YearsEmployed     6.999375    0.605225      1.182050      0.32250    0.1250
## PriorDefault      5.032500   -0.318750      0.322500      0.30000    0.2000
## Employed         -1.535000   -0.827500      0.125000      0.20000    0.3000
## CreditScore      33.300000    1.340000      2.810000      1.20000    0.3000
## DriversLicense    0.000000    0.000000      0.000000      0.00000    0.0000
## ZipCode        -831.032500 -161.461250    -73.207500    -25.50000    1.0000
## Income         2046.972500 -112.313750    -42.775000    -67.30000 -137.9500
## Approved          0.000000    0.000000      0.000000      0.00000    0.0000
##                CreditScore DriversLicense    ZipCode      Income Approved
## Age                  33.30              0  -831.0325   2046.9725        0
## Debt                  1.34              0  -161.4613   -112.3137        0
## YearsEmployed         2.81              0   -73.2075    -42.7750        0
## PriorDefault          1.20              0   -25.5000    -67.3000        0
## Employed              0.30              0     1.0000   -137.9500        0
## CreditScore           8.30              0  -207.0000     11.5500        0
## DriversLicense        0.00              0     0.0000      0.0000        0
## ZipCode            -207.00              0  8612.0000  12109.2500        0
## Income               11.55              0 12109.2500 151957.8000        0
## Approved              0.00              0     0.0000      0.0000        0

Menghitung eigenvalue dan eigenvector

eig <- eigen(cov_matrix)
print(eig$values) # Eigenvalues
##  [1]  1.529992e+05  7.738332e+03  7.515414e+01  4.717491e+00  1.215279e-11
##  [6]  7.070453e-12  6.607548e-13  3.488948e-16  0.000000e+00 -6.754622e-30
print(eig$vectors) # Eigenvectors
##                [,1]         [,2]        [,3]         [,4]         [,5]
##  [1,] -1.289705e-02 -0.131560229  0.97799000  0.141469482  0.000000000
##  [2,]  8.188079e-04 -0.019605359 -0.12814854  0.630698935 -0.628131610
##  [3,]  3.179450e-04 -0.009024758 -0.01824824 -0.329216783  0.182256524
##  [4,]  4.517912e-04 -0.002638170  0.04509838 -0.114695526 -0.459932382
##  [5,]  8.979962e-04  0.001599490  0.02672140 -0.147878113 -0.206044809
##  [6,]  3.495501e-05 -0.027135490  0.08415703 -0.662340287 -0.563476803
##  [7,]  0.000000e+00  0.000000000  0.00000000  0.000000000  0.000000000
##  [8,] -8.349355e-02  0.987375699  0.12806318  0.009892629 -0.027072540
##  [9,] -9.964240e-01 -0.081052237 -0.02345292 -0.002455306  0.001396488
## [10,]  0.000000e+00  0.000000000  0.00000000  0.000000000  0.000000000
##               [,6]         [,7]          [,8] [,9]         [,10]
##  [1,]  0.077765836  0.000000000  0.000000e+00    0  0.000000e+00
##  [2,]  0.431225581  0.070041447  1.066456e-03    0 -1.162768e-15
##  [3,]  0.813178810 -0.443523534  3.379390e-03    0 -3.719722e-15
##  [4,] -0.362898395 -0.772631073 -2.112158e-01    0  2.309823e-13
##  [5,] -0.064180056 -0.086384006  9.609261e-01    0 -1.051044e-12
##  [6,]  0.100644552  0.440345042 -1.787384e-01    0  1.955233e-13
##  [7,]  0.000000000  0.000000000  1.093792e-12    0  1.000000e+00
##  [8,]  0.028014100  0.007422346 -6.870959e-03    0  7.515694e-15
##  [9,] -0.002958961 -0.001118632  1.341661e-03    0 -1.467538e-15
## [10,]  0.000000000  0.000000000  0.000000e+00    1  0.000000e+00

Menghitung variance-covariance matrix

var_cov_matrix <- cov(data)
print(var_cov_matrix)
##                        Age        Debt YearsEmployed PriorDefault  Employed
## Age             231.361400    9.345663      6.999375      5.03250   -1.5350
## Debt              9.345663    6.187675      0.605225     -0.31875   -0.8275
## YearsEmployed     6.999375    0.605225      1.182050      0.32250    0.1250
## PriorDefault      5.032500   -0.318750      0.322500      0.30000    0.2000
## Employed         -1.535000   -0.827500      0.125000      0.20000    0.3000
## CreditScore      33.300000    1.340000      2.810000      1.20000    0.3000
## DriversLicense    0.000000    0.000000      0.000000      0.00000    0.0000
## ZipCode        -831.032500 -161.461250    -73.207500    -25.50000    1.0000
## Income         2046.972500 -112.313750    -42.775000    -67.30000 -137.9500
## Approved          0.000000    0.000000      0.000000      0.00000    0.0000
##                CreditScore DriversLicense    ZipCode      Income Approved
## Age                  33.30              0  -831.0325   2046.9725        0
## Debt                  1.34              0  -161.4613   -112.3137        0
## YearsEmployed         2.81              0   -73.2075    -42.7750        0
## PriorDefault          1.20              0   -25.5000    -67.3000        0
## Employed              0.30              0     1.0000   -137.9500        0
## CreditScore           8.30              0  -207.0000     11.5500        0
## DriversLicense        0.00              0     0.0000      0.0000        0
## ZipCode            -207.00              0  8612.0000  12109.2500        0
## Income               11.55              0 12109.2500 151957.8000        0
## Approved              0.00              0     0.0000      0.0000        0

Menghitung correlation matrix

cor_matrix <- cor(data)
## Warning in cor(data): the standard deviation is zero
print(cor_matrix)
##                       Age       Debt YearsEmployed PriorDefault    Employed
## Age             1.0000000  0.2470022     0.4232489    0.6040567 -0.18424780
## Debt            0.2470022  1.0000000     0.2237872   -0.2339515 -0.60735642
## YearsEmployed   0.4232489  0.2237872     1.0000000    0.5415657  0.20990919
## PriorDefault    0.6040567 -0.2339515     0.5415657    1.0000000  0.66666667
## Employed       -0.1842478 -0.6073564     0.2099092    0.6666667  1.00000000
## CreditScore     0.7599058  0.1869829     0.8971175    0.7604691  0.19011728
## DriversLicense         NA         NA            NA           NA          NA
## ZipCode        -0.5887359 -0.6994434    -0.7255806   -0.5016809  0.01967376
## Income          0.3452272 -0.1158264    -0.1009278   -0.3152049 -0.64609976
## Approved               NA         NA            NA           NA          NA
##                CreditScore DriversLicense     ZipCode      Income Approved
## Age             0.75990576             NA -0.58873594  0.34522724       NA
## Debt            0.18698295             NA -0.69944336 -0.11582643       NA
## YearsEmployed   0.89711754             NA -0.72558057 -0.10092775       NA
## PriorDefault    0.76046910             NA -0.50168087 -0.31520488       NA
## Employed        0.19011728             NA  0.01967376 -0.64609976       NA
## CreditScore     1.00000000             NA -0.77424657  0.01028446       NA
## DriversLicense          NA              1          NA          NA       NA
## ZipCode        -0.77424657             NA  1.00000000  0.33473701       NA
## Income          0.01028446             NA  0.33473701  1.00000000       NA
## Approved                NA             NA          NA          NA        1