Los Modelos de Ecuaciones Estructurales (SEM) es una técnica de análisis de estadística multivariada, que permite analizar patrones complejos de relaciones entre variables, realizar comparaciones entre e intragrupos, y validar modelos teóricos y empíricos.
Estudio de Holzinger y Swinefor (1939).
Holzinger y Swinefor realizaron exámenes de habilidad mental a adolescentes de 7° y 8° de dos escuelas (Pasteur y Gran-white).
La base de datos está incluida como paquete en R e incluye las siguientes columnas:
Se busca identificar las relaciones entre las habilidades visual (x1, x2, x3), textual (x4, x5, x6) y velocidad (x7, x8, x9) de los adolescentes.
## id sex ageyr agemo
## Min. : 1.0 Min. :1.000 Min. :11 Min. : 0.000
## 1st Qu.: 82.0 1st Qu.:1.000 1st Qu.:12 1st Qu.: 2.000
## Median :163.0 Median :2.000 Median :13 Median : 5.000
## Mean :176.6 Mean :1.515 Mean :13 Mean : 5.375
## 3rd Qu.:272.0 3rd Qu.:2.000 3rd Qu.:14 3rd Qu.: 8.000
## Max. :351.0 Max. :2.000 Max. :16 Max. :11.000
##
## school grade x1 x2
## Grant-White:145 Min. :7.000 Min. :0.6667 Min. :2.250
## Pasteur :156 1st Qu.:7.000 1st Qu.:4.1667 1st Qu.:5.250
## Median :7.000 Median :5.0000 Median :6.000
## Mean :7.477 Mean :4.9358 Mean :6.088
## 3rd Qu.:8.000 3rd Qu.:5.6667 3rd Qu.:6.750
## Max. :8.000 Max. :8.5000 Max. :9.250
## NA's :1
## x3 x4 x5 x6
## Min. :0.250 Min. :0.000 Min. :1.000 Min. :0.1429
## 1st Qu.:1.375 1st Qu.:2.333 1st Qu.:3.500 1st Qu.:1.4286
## Median :2.125 Median :3.000 Median :4.500 Median :2.0000
## Mean :2.250 Mean :3.061 Mean :4.341 Mean :2.1856
## 3rd Qu.:3.125 3rd Qu.:3.667 3rd Qu.:5.250 3rd Qu.:2.7143
## Max. :4.500 Max. :6.333 Max. :7.000 Max. :6.1429
##
## x7 x8 x9
## Min. :1.304 Min. : 3.050 Min. :2.778
## 1st Qu.:3.478 1st Qu.: 4.850 1st Qu.:4.750
## Median :4.087 Median : 5.500 Median :5.417
## Mean :4.186 Mean : 5.527 Mean :5.374
## 3rd Qu.:4.913 3rd Qu.: 6.100 3rd Qu.:6.083
## Max. :7.435 Max. :10.000 Max. :9.250
##
modelo1 <- '
# Regresiones
### No hay.
# Variables latentes
Visual =~ x1 + x2 + x3
Textual =~ x4 + x5 + x6
Velocidad =~ x7 + x8 + x9
# Varianzas y covarianzas
## Varianzas:
Visual ~~ Visual
Textual ~~ Textual
Velocidad ~~ Velocidad
## Covarianzas:
Visual ~~ Textual + Velocidad
Textual ~~ Velocidad
# Intercepto
### No hay.
'## lavaan 0.6-19 ended normally after 35 iterations
##
## Estimator ML
## Optimization method NLMINB
## Number of model parameters 21
##
## Number of observations 301
##
## Model Test User Model:
##
## Test statistic 85.306
## Degrees of freedom 24
## P-value (Chi-square) 0.000
##
## Parameter Estimates:
##
## Standard errors Standard
## Information Expected
## Information saturated (h1) model Structured
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|)
## Visual =~
## x1 1.000
## x2 0.554 0.100 5.554 0.000
## x3 0.729 0.109 6.685 0.000
## Textual =~
## x4 1.000
## x5 1.113 0.065 17.014 0.000
## x6 0.926 0.055 16.703 0.000
## Velocidad =~
## x7 1.000
## x8 1.180 0.165 7.152 0.000
## x9 1.082 0.151 7.155 0.000
##
## Covariances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|)
## Visual ~~
## Textual 0.408 0.074 5.552 0.000
## Velocidad 0.262 0.056 4.660 0.000
## Textual ~~
## Velocidad 0.173 0.049 3.518 0.000
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|)
## Visual 0.809 0.145 5.564 0.000
## Textual 0.979 0.112 8.737 0.000
## Velocidad 0.384 0.086 4.451 0.000
## .x1 0.549 0.114 4.833 0.000
## .x2 1.134 0.102 11.146 0.000
## .x3 0.844 0.091 9.317 0.000
## .x4 0.371 0.048 7.779 0.000
## .x5 0.446 0.058 7.642 0.000
## .x6 0.356 0.043 8.277 0.000
## .x7 0.799 0.081 9.823 0.000
## .x8 0.488 0.074 6.573 0.000
## .x9 0.566 0.071 8.003 0.000
La base de datos contiene distintas mediciones sobre la democreacia política e industrialización en países en desarrollo durante 1960 y 1965.
La tabla incluye los siguientes datos:
Se busca identificar las relaciones entre la democracia política y la industrialización.
## y1 y2 y3 y4
## Min. : 1.250 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.000
## 1st Qu.: 2.900 1st Qu.: 0.000 1st Qu.: 3.767 1st Qu.: 1.581
## Median : 5.400 Median : 3.333 Median : 6.667 Median : 3.333
## Mean : 5.465 Mean : 4.256 Mean : 6.563 Mean : 4.453
## 3rd Qu.: 7.500 3rd Qu.: 8.283 3rd Qu.:10.000 3rd Qu.: 6.667
## Max. :10.000 Max. :10.000 Max. :10.000 Max. :10.000
## y5 y6 y7 y8
## Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.000
## 1st Qu.: 3.692 1st Qu.: 0.000 1st Qu.: 3.478 1st Qu.: 1.301
## Median : 5.000 Median : 2.233 Median : 6.667 Median : 3.333
## Mean : 5.136 Mean : 2.978 Mean : 6.196 Mean : 4.043
## 3rd Qu.: 7.500 3rd Qu.: 4.207 3rd Qu.:10.000 3rd Qu.: 6.667
## Max. :10.000 Max. :10.000 Max. :10.000 Max. :10.000
## x1 x2 x3
## Min. :3.784 Min. :1.386 Min. :1.002
## 1st Qu.:4.477 1st Qu.:3.663 1st Qu.:2.300
## Median :5.075 Median :4.963 Median :3.568
## Mean :5.054 Mean :4.792 Mean :3.558
## 3rd Qu.:5.515 3rd Qu.:5.830 3rd Qu.:4.523
## Max. :6.737 Max. :7.872 Max. :6.425
Las decisiones sobre qué incluir se basan en la teoría y los datos que tenemos:
modelo_2 <- '
# Variables latentes
dem60 =~ y1 + y2 + y3 + y4
dem65 =~ y5 + y6 + y7 + y8
ind60 =~ x1 + x2 + x3
# Varianzas
dem60 ~~ dem60
dem65 ~~ dem65
ind60 ~~ ind60
# Covarianzas
dem60 ~~ ind60
dem65 ~~ ind60
dem60 ~~ dem65
# Correlaciones residuales sugeridas (si lavaan indica alguna)
y1 ~~ y2
y7 ~~ y8
'## lavaan 0.6-19 ended normally after 57 iterations
##
## Estimator ML
## Optimization method NLMINB
## Number of model parameters 27
##
## Number of observations 75
##
## Model Test User Model:
##
## Test statistic 70.060
## Degrees of freedom 39
## P-value (Chi-square) 0.002
##
## Model Test Baseline Model:
##
## Test statistic 730.654
## Degrees of freedom 55
## P-value 0.000
##
## User Model versus Baseline Model:
##
## Comparative Fit Index (CFI) 0.954
## Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) 0.935
##
## Loglikelihood and Information Criteria:
##
## Loglikelihood user model (H0) -1563.758
## Loglikelihood unrestricted model (H1) -1528.728
##
## Akaike (AIC) 3181.517
## Bayesian (BIC) 3244.089
## Sample-size adjusted Bayesian (SABIC) 3158.992
##
## Root Mean Square Error of Approximation:
##
## RMSEA 0.103
## 90 Percent confidence interval - lower 0.063
## 90 Percent confidence interval - upper 0.141
## P-value H_0: RMSEA <= 0.050 0.020
## P-value H_0: RMSEA >= 0.080 0.842
##
## Standardized Root Mean Square Residual:
##
## SRMR 0.055
##
## Parameter Estimates:
##
## Standard errors Standard
## Information Expected
## Information saturated (h1) model Structured
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## dem60 =~
## y1 1.000 2.246 0.862
## y2 1.362 0.181 7.524 0.000 3.060 0.780
## y3 1.018 0.145 7.026 0.000 2.286 0.702
## y4 1.264 0.132 9.554 0.000 2.840 0.854
## dem65 =~
## y5 1.000 2.101 0.809
## y6 1.247 0.161 7.739 0.000 2.619 0.782
## y7 1.248 0.156 8.007 0.000 2.621 0.803
## y8 1.273 0.152 8.395 0.000 2.675 0.830
## ind60 =~
## x1 1.000 0.670 0.920
## x2 2.181 0.139 15.728 0.000 1.460 0.973
## x3 1.819 0.152 11.965 0.000 1.218 0.872
##
## Covariances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## dem60 ~~
## ind60 0.645 0.207 3.122 0.002 0.429 0.429
## dem65 ~~
## ind60 0.793 0.211 3.754 0.000 0.564 0.564
## dem60 ~~
## dem65 4.617 0.924 4.996 0.000 0.979 0.979
## .y1 ~~
## .y2 -0.704 0.483 -1.456 0.145 -0.704 -0.218
## .y7 ~~
## .y8 0.479 0.509 0.941 0.347 0.479 0.137
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## dem60 5.044 1.103 4.572 0.000 1.000 1.000
## dem65 4.413 1.054 4.185 0.000 1.000 1.000
## ind60 0.448 0.087 5.172 0.000 1.000 1.000
## .y1 1.743 0.388 4.489 0.000 1.743 0.257
## .y2 6.010 1.165 5.158 0.000 6.010 0.391
## .y3 5.393 0.944 5.710 0.000 5.393 0.508
## .y4 3.005 0.609 4.932 0.000 3.005 0.271
## .y5 2.322 0.436 5.328 0.000 2.322 0.345
## .y6 4.366 0.797 5.480 0.000 4.366 0.389
## .y7 3.784 0.723 5.232 0.000 3.784 0.355
## .y8 3.239 0.642 5.046 0.000 3.239 0.312
## .x1 0.082 0.020 4.181 0.000 0.082 0.154
## .x2 0.119 0.070 1.709 0.088 0.119 0.053
## .x3 0.467 0.090 5.174 0.000 0.467 0.239
Uno de los retos más importantes de las organizaciones es entender el estado y bienestar de los colaboradores, ya que puede impactar directamente en el desempeño y el logro de los objetivos.
Análisis factorial confirmatorio de segundo orden del constructo de experiencias de recuperación. (Ver descripción de los instrumentos)
Escala: totalmente en desacuerdo 1 - 7 totalmente en acuerdo
## ID GEN EXPER EDAD
## Min. : 1.0 Min. :0.0000 Min. : 0.00 Min. :22.00
## 1st Qu.: 56.5 1st Qu.:0.0000 1st Qu.:15.00 1st Qu.:37.50
## Median :112.0 Median :1.0000 Median :20.00 Median :44.00
## Mean :112.0 Mean :0.5919 Mean :21.05 Mean :43.95
## 3rd Qu.:167.5 3rd Qu.:1.0000 3rd Qu.:27.50 3rd Qu.:51.00
## Max. :223.0 Max. :1.0000 Max. :50.00 Max. :72.00
## RPD01 RPD02 RPD03 RPD05 RPD06
## Min. :1.000 Min. :1.00 Min. :1.000 Min. :1.000 Min. :1.000
## 1st Qu.:3.000 1st Qu.:3.00 1st Qu.:3.000 1st Qu.:3.000 1st Qu.:3.000
## Median :5.000 Median :4.00 Median :5.000 Median :5.000 Median :5.000
## Mean :4.596 Mean :4.09 Mean :4.789 Mean :4.327 Mean :4.798
## 3rd Qu.:6.000 3rd Qu.:6.00 3rd Qu.:7.000 3rd Qu.:6.000 3rd Qu.:7.000
## Max. :7.000 Max. :7.00 Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000
## RPD07 RPD08 RPD09 RPD10
## Min. :1.000 Min. :1.000 Min. :1.000 Min. :1.000
## 1st Qu.:2.000 1st Qu.:3.000 1st Qu.:3.000 1st Qu.:2.500
## Median :4.000 Median :5.000 Median :5.000 Median :5.000
## Mean :3.794 Mean :4.735 Mean :4.466 Mean :4.435
## 3rd Qu.:5.500 3rd Qu.:7.000 3rd Qu.:6.000 3rd Qu.:6.000
## Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000
## RRE02 RRE03 RRE04 RRE05 RRE06
## Min. :1.000 Min. :1.000 Min. :1.000 Min. :1.000 Min. :1.0
## 1st Qu.:5.000 1st Qu.:5.000 1st Qu.:5.000 1st Qu.:5.000 1st Qu.:4.0
## Median :6.000 Median :6.000 Median :6.000 Median :6.000 Median :6.0
## Mean :5.691 Mean :5.534 Mean :5.668 Mean :5.623 Mean :5.3
## 3rd Qu.:7.000 3rd Qu.:7.000 3rd Qu.:7.000 3rd Qu.:7.000 3rd Qu.:7.0
## Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000 Max. :7.0
## RRE07 RRE10 RMA02 RMA03
## Min. :1.000 Min. :1.000 Min. :1.000 Min. :1.000
## 1st Qu.:4.000 1st Qu.:5.000 1st Qu.:3.000 1st Qu.:3.000
## Median :6.000 Median :6.000 Median :4.000 Median :5.000
## Mean :5.305 Mean :5.664 Mean :4.215 Mean :4.377
## 3rd Qu.:7.000 3rd Qu.:7.000 3rd Qu.:6.000 3rd Qu.:6.000
## Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000
## RMA04 RMA05 RMA06 RMA07
## Min. :1.000 Min. :1.000 Min. :1.000 Min. :1.000
## 1st Qu.:3.000 1st Qu.:3.000 1st Qu.:5.000 1st Qu.:4.000
## Median :5.000 Median :5.000 Median :6.000 Median :5.000
## Mean :4.686 Mean :4.637 Mean :5.511 Mean :4.767
## 3rd Qu.:6.000 3rd Qu.:6.000 3rd Qu.:7.000 3rd Qu.:6.000
## Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000
## RMA08 RMA09 RMA10 RCO02 RCO03
## Min. :1.000 Min. :1.000 Min. :1.00 Min. :1.000 Min. :1.000
## 1st Qu.:4.000 1st Qu.:3.000 1st Qu.:3.00 1st Qu.:5.000 1st Qu.:5.000
## Median :5.000 Median :5.000 Median :5.00 Median :6.000 Median :6.000
## Mean :4.942 Mean :4.614 Mean :4.43 Mean :5.336 Mean :5.574
## 3rd Qu.:6.500 3rd Qu.:6.000 3rd Qu.:6.00 3rd Qu.:7.000 3rd Qu.:7.000
## Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000 Max. :7.00 Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000
## RCO04 RCO05 RCO06 RCO07
## Min. :1.000 Min. :1.000 Min. :1.000 Min. :1.000
## 1st Qu.:5.000 1st Qu.:5.000 1st Qu.:5.000 1st Qu.:5.000
## Median :6.000 Median :6.000 Median :6.000 Median :6.000
## Mean :5.704 Mean :5.668 Mean :5.619 Mean :5.632
## 3rd Qu.:7.000 3rd Qu.:7.000 3rd Qu.:7.000 3rd Qu.:7.000
## Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000
## EN01 EN02 EN04 EN05
## Min. :1.000 Min. :1.000 Min. :1.000 Min. :1.000
## 1st Qu.:3.000 1st Qu.:4.000 1st Qu.:4.000 1st Qu.:4.000
## Median :5.000 Median :6.000 Median :5.000 Median :5.000
## Mean :4.717 Mean :5.004 Mean :4.883 Mean :4.928
## 3rd Qu.:6.000 3rd Qu.:7.000 3rd Qu.:6.000 3rd Qu.:6.000
## Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000
## EN06 EN07 EN08 EVI01
## Min. :1.000 Min. :1.000 Min. :1.000 Min. :0.000
## 1st Qu.:3.000 1st Qu.:3.000 1st Qu.:4.000 1st Qu.:4.000
## Median :5.000 Median :5.000 Median :5.000 Median :5.000
## Mean :4.767 Mean :4.578 Mean :4.776 Mean :5.013
## 3rd Qu.:6.000 3rd Qu.:6.000 3rd Qu.:6.000 3rd Qu.:6.000
## Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000
## EVI02 EVI03 EDE01 EDE02
## Min. :0.000 Min. :0.000 Min. :0.000 Min. :0.000
## 1st Qu.:4.000 1st Qu.:4.000 1st Qu.:5.000 1st Qu.:5.000
## Median :6.000 Median :6.000 Median :6.000 Median :6.000
## Mean :5.076 Mean :4.973 Mean :5.305 Mean :5.543
## 3rd Qu.:6.000 3rd Qu.:6.000 3rd Qu.:7.000 3rd Qu.:7.000
## Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000
## EDE03 EAB01 EAB02 EAB03
## Min. :0.000 Min. :0.000 Min. :0.000 Min. :0.000
## 1st Qu.:6.000 1st Qu.:5.000 1st Qu.:5.000 1st Qu.:5.000
## Median :7.000 Median :6.000 Median :6.000 Median :6.000
## Mean :6.135 Mean :5.605 Mean :5.821 Mean :5.363
## 3rd Qu.:7.000 3rd Qu.:7.000 3rd Qu.:7.000 3rd Qu.:7.000
## Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000 Max. :7.000
modelo_recuperacion <- '
# Primer orden - Variables latentes de primer nivel
desapego =~ RPD02 + RPD03 + RPD05 + RPD07 + RPD08 + RPD09 + RPD10
relajacion =~ RRE02 + RRE03 + RRE04 + RRE05 + RRE06 + RRE07 + RRE10
maestria =~ RMA03 + RMA04 + RMA05 + RMA07 + RMA08 + RMA09 + RMA10
control =~ RCO02 + RCO03 + RCO04 + RCO05 + RCO06 + RCO07
# Segundo orden - Variable latente de segundo nivel
recuperacion =~ desapego + relajacion + maestria + control
'El CFI (0.920) y TLI (0.913) están por encima del umbral mínimo aceptable de 0.90, lo cual es positivo. El SRMR de 0.059 está por debajo del umbral de 0.08, indicando un buen ajuste residual. Sin embargo, el RMSEA de 0.083 está ligeramente por encima del umbral deseable de 0.08, con un intervalo de confianza del 90% entre 0.076 y 0.090, sugiriendo que la parsimonia del modelo podría mejorarse. Las cargas factoriales estandarizadas son todas significativas y superiores a 0.70, lo que indica una buena validez convergente. La estructura jerárquica muestra que las dimensiones de primer orden están bien representadas por el factor de segundo orden “recuperación”, con cargas factoriales que van desde 0.593 (maestría) hasta 0.889 (relajación).
## lavaan 0.6-19 ended normally after 46 iterations
##
## Estimator ML
## Optimization method NLMINB
## Number of model parameters 58
##
## Number of observations 223
##
## Model Test User Model:
##
## Test statistic 809.630
## Degrees of freedom 320
## P-value (Chi-square) 0.000
##
## Model Test Baseline Model:
##
## Test statistic 6496.999
## Degrees of freedom 351
## P-value 0.000
##
## User Model versus Baseline Model:
##
## Comparative Fit Index (CFI) 0.920
## Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) 0.913
##
## Loglikelihood and Information Criteria:
##
## Loglikelihood user model (H0) -9127.721
## Loglikelihood unrestricted model (H1) -8722.906
##
## Akaike (AIC) 18371.443
## Bayesian (BIC) 18569.059
## Sample-size adjusted Bayesian (SABIC) 18385.249
##
## Root Mean Square Error of Approximation:
##
## RMSEA 0.083
## 90 Percent confidence interval - lower 0.076
## 90 Percent confidence interval - upper 0.090
## P-value H_0: RMSEA <= 0.050 0.000
## P-value H_0: RMSEA >= 0.080 0.750
##
## Standardized Root Mean Square Residual:
##
## SRMR 0.059
##
## Parameter Estimates:
##
## Standard errors Standard
## Information Expected
## Information saturated (h1) model Structured
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## desapego =~
## RPD02 1.000 1.661 0.852
## RPD03 0.952 0.064 14.794 0.000 1.581 0.795
## RPD05 1.099 0.062 17.668 0.000 1.824 0.881
## RPD07 1.021 0.063 16.226 0.000 1.696 0.840
## RPD08 0.950 0.066 14.426 0.000 1.578 0.783
## RPD09 1.111 0.063 17.745 0.000 1.844 0.883
## RPD10 1.131 0.064 17.792 0.000 1.878 0.884
## relajacion =~
## RRE02 1.000 1.274 0.849
## RRE03 1.119 0.065 17.209 0.000 1.426 0.870
## RRE04 1.025 0.058 17.713 0.000 1.306 0.883
## RRE05 1.056 0.056 18.763 0.000 1.345 0.910
## RRE06 1.245 0.074 16.860 0.000 1.586 0.860
## RRE07 1.117 0.071 15.685 0.000 1.423 0.825
## RRE10 0.814 0.067 12.110 0.000 1.038 0.697
## maestria =~
## RMA03 1.000 1.592 0.783
## RMA04 1.047 0.070 14.948 0.000 1.666 0.878
## RMA05 1.008 0.069 14.563 0.000 1.605 0.861
## RMA07 0.975 0.067 14.550 0.000 1.552 0.860
## RMA08 0.989 0.068 14.645 0.000 1.575 0.864
## RMA09 0.917 0.067 13.610 0.000 1.460 0.818
## RMA10 0.928 0.071 13.084 0.000 1.477 0.793
## control =~
## RCO02 1.000 1.630 0.854
## RCO03 0.948 0.049 19.176 0.000 1.545 0.912
## RCO04 0.796 0.044 18.110 0.000 1.298 0.886
## RCO05 0.818 0.043 18.989 0.000 1.333 0.907
## RCO06 0.834 0.046 18.214 0.000 1.360 0.888
## RCO07 0.835 0.046 18.054 0.000 1.361 0.884
## recuperacion =~
## desapego 1.000 0.711 0.711
## relajacion 0.958 0.105 9.101 0.000 0.889 0.889
## maestria 0.799 0.116 6.903 0.000 0.593 0.593
## control 1.123 0.126 8.922 0.000 0.814 0.814
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .RPD02 1.037 0.114 9.114 0.000 1.037 0.273
## .RPD03 1.452 0.151 9.627 0.000 1.452 0.367
## .RPD05 0.963 0.111 8.676 0.000 0.963 0.224
## .RPD07 1.198 0.129 9.256 0.000 1.198 0.294
## .RPD08 1.571 0.162 9.702 0.000 1.571 0.387
## .RPD09 0.964 0.112 8.636 0.000 0.964 0.221
## .RPD10 0.987 0.115 8.611 0.000 0.987 0.219
## .RRE02 0.627 0.068 9.274 0.000 0.627 0.279
## .RRE03 0.655 0.073 9.014 0.000 0.655 0.244
## .RRE04 0.480 0.055 8.788 0.000 0.480 0.220
## .RRE05 0.373 0.046 8.139 0.000 0.373 0.171
## .RRE06 0.887 0.097 9.149 0.000 0.887 0.261
## .RRE07 0.950 0.100 9.503 0.000 0.950 0.319
## .RRE10 1.138 0.113 10.093 0.000 1.138 0.514
## .RMA03 1.594 0.166 9.605 0.000 1.594 0.386
## .RMA04 0.829 0.097 8.534 0.000 0.829 0.230
## .RMA05 0.902 0.102 8.833 0.000 0.902 0.259
## .RMA07 0.847 0.096 8.843 0.000 0.847 0.260
## .RMA08 0.840 0.096 8.776 0.000 0.840 0.253
## .RMA09 1.056 0.113 9.344 0.000 1.056 0.331
## .RMA10 1.285 0.135 9.540 0.000 1.285 0.371
## .RCO02 0.983 0.105 9.379 0.000 0.983 0.270
## .RCO03 0.485 0.058 8.392 0.000 0.485 0.169
## .RCO04 0.462 0.052 8.961 0.000 0.462 0.215
## .RCO05 0.382 0.045 8.511 0.000 0.382 0.177
## .RCO06 0.494 0.055 8.916 0.000 0.494 0.211
## .RCO07 0.516 0.057 8.985 0.000 0.516 0.218
## .desapego 1.362 0.201 6.766 0.000 0.494 0.494
## .relajacion 0.341 0.090 3.789 0.000 0.210 0.210
## .maestria 1.643 0.253 6.506 0.000 0.649 0.649
## .control 0.895 0.160 5.600 0.000 0.337 0.337
## recuperacion 1.396 0.276 5.067 0.000 1.000 1.000
Los resultados del modelo modificado muestran una mejora significativa en el ajuste general. El CFI aumentó de 0.920 a 0.937 y el TLI de 0.913 a 0.930, acercándose más al umbral ideal de 0.95. El RMSEA mejoró notablemente, pasando de 0.083 a 0.074, situándose ahora dentro del rango aceptable (< 0.08), con un intervalo de confianza del 90% entre 0.067 y 0.082. El valor p para la hipótesis RMSEA >= 0.080 aumentó a 0.106, sugiriendo que no podemos rechazar que el ajuste sea adecuado. El SRMR se mantuvo estable en niveles aceptables (0.062). La adición de correlaciones residuales teóricamente justificadas entre pares de ítems relacionados (especialmente la correlación significativa entre RPD09 y RPD10 con un valor estandarizado de 0.653) contribuyó a esta mejora, mientras que las cargas factoriales mantuvieron su significancia y magnitud, respaldando la validez del modelo modificado.
## lavaan 0.6-19 ended normally after 55 iterations
##
## Estimator ML
## Optimization method NLMINB
## Number of model parameters 62
##
## Number of observations 223
##
## Model Test User Model:
##
## Test statistic 705.873
## Degrees of freedom 316
## P-value (Chi-square) 0.000
##
## Model Test Baseline Model:
##
## Test statistic 6496.999
## Degrees of freedom 351
## P-value 0.000
##
## User Model versus Baseline Model:
##
## Comparative Fit Index (CFI) 0.937
## Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) 0.930
##
## Loglikelihood and Information Criteria:
##
## Loglikelihood user model (H0) -9075.843
## Loglikelihood unrestricted model (H1) -8722.906
##
## Akaike (AIC) 18275.686
## Bayesian (BIC) 18486.931
## Sample-size adjusted Bayesian (SABIC) 18290.445
##
## Root Mean Square Error of Approximation:
##
## RMSEA 0.074
## 90 Percent confidence interval - lower 0.067
## 90 Percent confidence interval - upper 0.082
## P-value H_0: RMSEA <= 0.050 0.000
## P-value H_0: RMSEA >= 0.080 0.106
##
## Standardized Root Mean Square Residual:
##
## SRMR 0.062
##
## Parameter Estimates:
##
## Standard errors Standard
## Information Expected
## Information saturated (h1) model Structured
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## desapego =~
## RPD02 1.000 1.717 0.881
## RPD03 0.936 0.059 15.864 0.000 1.606 0.808
## RPD05 1.083 0.055 19.523 0.000 1.859 0.897
## RPD07 1.018 0.056 18.095 0.000 1.747 0.865
## RPD08 0.901 0.062 14.497 0.000 1.547 0.768
## RPD09 1.008 0.061 16.595 0.000 1.731 0.829
## RPD10 1.028 0.062 16.664 0.000 1.764 0.830
## relajacion =~
## RRE02 1.000 1.280 0.853
## RRE03 1.128 0.064 17.708 0.000 1.443 0.880
## RRE04 1.031 0.057 18.212 0.000 1.320 0.893
## RRE05 1.053 0.055 19.140 0.000 1.347 0.912
## RRE06 1.231 0.073 16.864 0.000 1.575 0.854
## RRE07 1.101 0.071 15.595 0.000 1.409 0.817
## RRE10 0.807 0.067 12.115 0.000 1.032 0.694
## maestria =~
## RMA03 1.000 1.588 0.782
## RMA04 1.045 0.071 14.735 0.000 1.660 0.874
## RMA05 1.006 0.070 14.335 0.000 1.598 0.857
## RMA07 0.978 0.067 14.504 0.000 1.553 0.861
## RMA08 0.993 0.068 14.608 0.000 1.577 0.866
## RMA09 0.921 0.068 13.596 0.000 1.463 0.820
## RMA10 0.931 0.071 13.054 0.000 1.478 0.794
## control =~
## RCO02 1.000 1.631 0.855
## RCO03 0.947 0.049 19.195 0.000 1.545 0.912
## RCO04 0.795 0.044 17.997 0.000 1.296 0.885
## RCO05 0.817 0.043 18.887 0.000 1.332 0.906
## RCO06 0.834 0.046 18.241 0.000 1.361 0.889
## RCO07 0.835 0.046 18.077 0.000 1.361 0.885
## recuperacion =~
## desapego 1.000 0.695 0.695
## relajacion 0.940 0.105 8.954 0.000 0.876 0.876
## maestria 0.791 0.116 6.845 0.000 0.594 0.594
## control 1.117 0.127 8.813 0.000 0.817 0.817
##
## Covariances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .RRE03 ~~
## .RRE04 -0.110 0.044 -2.498 0.013 -0.110 -0.212
## .RMA04 ~~
## .RMA05 0.049 0.078 0.631 0.528 0.049 0.055
## .RPD09 ~~
## .RPD10 0.905 0.131 6.921 0.000 0.905 0.653
## .RCO04 ~~
## .RCO05 0.010 0.037 0.268 0.789 0.010 0.023
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .RPD02 0.848 0.101 8.384 0.000 0.848 0.224
## .RPD03 1.370 0.146 9.391 0.000 1.370 0.347
## .RPD05 0.837 0.105 7.973 0.000 0.837 0.195
## .RPD07 1.023 0.118 8.697 0.000 1.023 0.251
## .RPD08 1.668 0.172 9.672 0.000 1.668 0.411
## .RPD09 1.369 0.149 9.159 0.000 1.369 0.314
## .RPD10 1.402 0.153 9.142 0.000 1.402 0.311
## .RRE02 0.611 0.065 9.348 0.000 0.611 0.272
## .RRE03 0.605 0.071 8.505 0.000 0.605 0.225
## .RRE04 0.443 0.054 8.269 0.000 0.443 0.203
## .RRE05 0.366 0.044 8.255 0.000 0.366 0.168
## .RRE06 0.921 0.099 9.341 0.000 0.921 0.271
## .RRE07 0.990 0.102 9.660 0.000 0.990 0.333
## .RRE10 1.148 0.113 10.148 0.000 1.148 0.519
## .RMA03 1.605 0.167 9.585 0.000 1.605 0.389
## .RMA04 0.850 0.104 8.202 0.000 0.850 0.236
## .RMA05 0.924 0.109 8.487 0.000 0.924 0.266
## .RMA07 0.842 0.096 8.761 0.000 0.842 0.259
## .RMA08 0.832 0.096 8.680 0.000 0.832 0.251
## .RMA09 1.046 0.113 9.284 0.000 1.046 0.328
## .RMA10 1.279 0.135 9.499 0.000 1.279 0.369
## .RCO02 0.980 0.105 9.351 0.000 0.980 0.269
## .RCO03 0.485 0.058 8.327 0.000 0.485 0.169
## .RCO04 0.466 0.054 8.588 0.000 0.466 0.217
## .RCO05 0.386 0.047 8.158 0.000 0.386 0.179
## .RCO06 0.492 0.056 8.871 0.000 0.492 0.210
## .RCO07 0.515 0.058 8.945 0.000 0.515 0.217
## .desapego 1.523 0.216 7.061 0.000 0.517 0.517
## .relajacion 0.382 0.094 4.061 0.000 0.233 0.233
## .maestria 1.633 0.253 6.464 0.000 0.647 0.647
## .control 0.883 0.162 5.435 0.000 0.332 0.332
## recuperacion 1.424 0.284 5.009 0.000 1.000 1.000
Se diseñó una serie de ítems para evaluar la percepción de energía recuperada por parte de un colaborador. (Ver descripción de los instrumentos).
Escala: totalmente en desacuerdo 1 - 7 totalmente en acuerdo
Análisis factorial confirmatorio de primer orden para determinar si los ítems de energía recuperada se agrupan en una dimensión.
modelo_energia <- '
# Primer orden - Variable latente
energia =~ EN01 + EN02 + EN04 + EN05 + EN06 + EN07 + EN08
'El modelo muestra un ajuste mixto. Los índices de ajuste incremental son excelentes, con un CFI de 0.986 y TLI de 0.978, ambos superando el umbral ideal de 0.95. El SRMR es sobresaliente con 0.012, muy por debajo del umbral de 0.08. Sin embargo, el RMSEA de 0.103 (IC 90%: 0.072-0.136) está por encima del umbral aceptable de 0.08, sugiriendo ciertos problemas de parsimonia. Las cargas factoriales estandarizadas son excepcionalmente altas, todas por encima de 0.89 (desde 0.893 hasta 0.946), indicando una excelente validez convergente y confirmando que los ítems se agrupan fuertemente en una sola dimensión. Las varianzas residuales son bajas (entre 0.105 y 0.202), lo que sugiere que la variable latente explica una gran proporción de la varianza en cada ítem. A pesar del RMSEA elevado, los demás indicadores sugieren un modelo robusto que representa adecuadamente el constructo de energía recuperada.
## lavaan 0.6-19 ended normally after 32 iterations
##
## Estimator ML
## Optimization method NLMINB
## Number of model parameters 14
##
## Number of observations 223
##
## Model Test User Model:
##
## Test statistic 47.222
## Degrees of freedom 14
## P-value (Chi-square) 0.000
##
## Model Test Baseline Model:
##
## Test statistic 2324.436
## Degrees of freedom 21
## P-value 0.000
##
## User Model versus Baseline Model:
##
## Comparative Fit Index (CFI) 0.986
## Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) 0.978
##
## Loglikelihood and Information Criteria:
##
## Loglikelihood user model (H0) -2017.154
## Loglikelihood unrestricted model (H1) -1993.543
##
## Akaike (AIC) 4062.308
## Bayesian (BIC) 4110.008
## Sample-size adjusted Bayesian (SABIC) 4065.641
##
## Root Mean Square Error of Approximation:
##
## RMSEA 0.103
## 90 Percent confidence interval - lower 0.072
## 90 Percent confidence interval - upper 0.136
## P-value H_0: RMSEA <= 0.050 0.004
## P-value H_0: RMSEA >= 0.080 0.892
##
## Standardized Root Mean Square Residual:
##
## SRMR 0.012
##
## Parameter Estimates:
##
## Standard errors Standard
## Information Expected
## Information saturated (h1) model Structured
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## energia =~
## EN01 1.000 1.674 0.893
## EN02 1.029 0.044 23.192 0.000 1.723 0.933
## EN04 0.999 0.044 22.583 0.000 1.672 0.924
## EN05 0.999 0.042 23.649 0.000 1.672 0.939
## EN06 0.986 0.042 23.722 0.000 1.651 0.940
## EN07 1.049 0.046 22.856 0.000 1.755 0.928
## EN08 1.036 0.043 24.173 0.000 1.734 0.946
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .EN01 0.711 0.074 9.651 0.000 0.711 0.202
## .EN02 0.444 0.049 9.012 0.000 0.444 0.130
## .EN04 0.481 0.052 9.214 0.000 0.481 0.147
## .EN05 0.375 0.042 8.830 0.000 0.375 0.118
## .EN06 0.359 0.041 8.798 0.000 0.359 0.116
## .EN07 0.499 0.055 9.129 0.000 0.499 0.139
## .EN08 0.353 0.041 8.580 0.000 0.353 0.105
## energia 2.801 0.327 8.565 0.000 1.000 1.000
El CFI aumentó a 0.988 y el TLI a 0.977, ambos superando ampliamente el umbral ideal de 0.95. El SRMR mejoró aún más, llegando a 0.011, lo cual es excelente. Aunque el RMSEA se mantiene en 0.107, su intervalo de confianza del 90% (0.072-0.145) sugiere que podría haber cierta variabilidad en la estimación. Las correlaciones residuales añadidas entre pares de ítems relacionados conceptualmente (EN01-EN02, EN07-EN08, EN04-EN05) contribuyeron a esta mejora del ajuste, mientras que las cargas factoriales mantuvieron su excelente nivel (todas por encima de 0.889), confirmando la robustez de la estructura unidimensional del constructo de energía recuperada.
## lavaan 0.6-19 ended normally after 35 iterations
##
## Estimator ML
## Optimization method NLMINB
## Number of model parameters 17
##
## Number of observations 223
##
## Model Test User Model:
##
## Test statistic 39.248
## Degrees of freedom 11
## P-value (Chi-square) 0.000
##
## Model Test Baseline Model:
##
## Test statistic 2324.436
## Degrees of freedom 21
## P-value 0.000
##
## User Model versus Baseline Model:
##
## Comparative Fit Index (CFI) 0.988
## Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) 0.977
##
## Loglikelihood and Information Criteria:
##
## Loglikelihood user model (H0) -2013.167
## Loglikelihood unrestricted model (H1) -1993.543
##
## Akaike (AIC) 4060.334
## Bayesian (BIC) 4118.255
## Sample-size adjusted Bayesian (SABIC) 4064.380
##
## Root Mean Square Error of Approximation:
##
## RMSEA 0.107
## 90 Percent confidence interval - lower 0.072
## 90 Percent confidence interval - upper 0.145
## P-value H_0: RMSEA <= 0.050 0.005
## P-value H_0: RMSEA >= 0.080 0.904
##
## Standardized Root Mean Square Residual:
##
## SRMR 0.011
##
## Parameter Estimates:
##
## Standard errors Standard
## Information Expected
## Information saturated (h1) model Structured
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## energia =~
## EN01 1.000 1.666 0.889
## EN02 1.032 0.042 24.675 0.000 1.719 0.931
## EN04 1.003 0.045 22.093 0.000 1.671 0.923
## EN05 1.004 0.043 23.212 0.000 1.673 0.940
## EN06 0.992 0.042 23.382 0.000 1.653 0.941
## EN07 1.051 0.047 22.286 0.000 1.752 0.926
## EN08 1.038 0.044 23.535 0.000 1.730 0.944
##
## Covariances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .EN01 ~~
## .EN02 0.092 0.047 1.961 0.050 0.092 0.158
## .EN07 ~~
## .EN08 0.054 0.038 1.427 0.154 0.054 0.126
## .EN04 ~~
## .EN05 0.022 0.036 0.609 0.542 0.022 0.052
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .EN01 0.736 0.078 9.450 0.000 0.736 0.210
## .EN02 0.456 0.052 8.761 0.000 0.456 0.134
## .EN04 0.487 0.056 8.766 0.000 0.487 0.149
## .EN05 0.372 0.045 8.304 0.000 0.372 0.117
## .EN06 0.351 0.041 8.521 0.000 0.351 0.114
## .EN07 0.512 0.059 8.695 0.000 0.512 0.143
## .EN08 0.365 0.045 8.140 0.000 0.365 0.109
## energia 2.776 0.327 8.487 0.000 1.000 1.000
Las siguientes preguntas se refieren a los sentimientos de las personas en el trabajo. Por favor, lea cuidadosamente cada pregunta y decida si se ha sentido de esta forma. Si nunca se ha sentido así conteste “1” (uno), y en caso contrario indique cuántas veces se ha sentido así teniendo en cuenta el número que aparece en la siguiente escala de respuesta (de 1 a 7).
Nunca = 0, Casi nunca = 2, Algunas veces = 3, Regularmente = 4, Bastantes veces = 5, Casi siempre = 6, Siempre = 7
modelo_mediacion <- '
# Variables latentes de primer orden para engagement
vigor =~ EVI01 + EVI02 + EVI03
dedicacion =~ EDE01 + EDE02 + EDE03
absorcion =~ EAB01 + EAB02 + EAB03
# Variable latente de segundo orden para engagement
engagement =~ vigor + dedicacion + absorcion
# Variable latente para energía
energia =~ EN01 + EN02 + EN04 + EN05 + EN06 + EN07 + EN08
# Variables latentes de primer orden para recuperación
desapego =~ RPD02 + RPD03 + RPD05 + RPD07 + RPD08 + RPD09 + RPD10
relajacion =~ RRE02 + RRE03 + RRE04 + RRE05 + RRE06 + RRE07 + RRE10
maestria =~ RMA03 + RMA04 + RMA05 + RMA07 + RMA08 + RMA09 + RMA10
control =~ RCO02 + RCO03 + RCO04 + RCO05 + RCO06 + RCO07
# Variable latente de segundo orden para recuperación
recuperacion =~ desapego + relajacion + maestria + control
# Relaciones estructurales (efectos directos e indirectos)
energia ~ recuperacion # Efecto de recuperación sobre energía
engagement ~ energia # Efecto de energía sobre engagement
engagement ~ recuperacion # Efecto directo de recuperación sobre engagement
# Correlaciones residuales que mejoraron el ajuste en modelos anteriores
RRE03 ~~ RRE04
RMA04 ~~ RMA05
RPD09 ~~ RPD10
RCO04 ~~ RCO05
EN01 ~~ EN02
EN07 ~~ EN08
EN04 ~~ EN05
'El resultado tiene un ajuste aceptable, con un CFI de 0.908 y TLI de 0.901, ambos superando el umbral mínimo de 0.90. El SRMR de 0.065 está dentro del rango aceptable (<0.08), y el RMSEA de 0.075 (IC 90%: 0.070-0.079) también indica un ajuste razonable. Las cargas factoriales son todas significativas y de magnitud sustancial, lo que respalda la validez de las mediciones.
## lavaan 0.6-19 ended normally after 72 iterations
##
## Estimator ML
## Optimization method NLMINB
## Number of model parameters 103
##
## Number of observations 223
##
## Model Test User Model:
##
## Test statistic 1890.000
## Degrees of freedom 843
## P-value (Chi-square) 0.000
##
## Model Test Baseline Model:
##
## Test statistic 12238.430
## Degrees of freedom 903
## P-value 0.000
##
## User Model versus Baseline Model:
##
## Comparative Fit Index (CFI) 0.908
## Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) 0.901
##
## Loglikelihood and Information Criteria:
##
## Loglikelihood user model (H0) -13909.557
## Loglikelihood unrestricted model (H1) -12964.557
##
## Akaike (AIC) 28025.115
## Bayesian (BIC) 28376.053
## Sample-size adjusted Bayesian (SABIC) 28049.633
##
## Root Mean Square Error of Approximation:
##
## RMSEA 0.075
## 90 Percent confidence interval - lower 0.070
## 90 Percent confidence interval - upper 0.079
## P-value H_0: RMSEA <= 0.050 0.000
## P-value H_0: RMSEA >= 0.080 0.024
##
## Standardized Root Mean Square Residual:
##
## SRMR 0.065
##
## Parameter Estimates:
##
## Standard errors Standard
## Information Expected
## Information saturated (h1) model Structured
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## vigor =~
## EVI01 1.000 1.684 0.967
## EVI02 0.985 0.028 35.282 0.000 1.659 0.962
## EVI03 0.996 0.048 20.545 0.000 1.677 0.836
## dedicacion =~
## EDE01 1.000 1.868 0.952
## EDE02 0.907 0.034 26.375 0.000 1.695 0.922
## EDE03 0.571 0.037 15.540 0.000 1.066 0.754
## absorcion =~
## EAB01 1.000 1.607 0.917
## EAB02 0.711 0.051 13.822 0.000 1.143 0.752
## EAB03 0.735 0.063 11.599 0.000 1.181 0.671
## engagement =~
## vigor 1.000 0.901 0.901
## dedicacion 1.213 0.061 19.810 0.000 0.985 0.985
## absorcion 0.958 0.059 16.370 0.000 0.904 0.904
## energia =~
## EN01 1.000 1.673 0.893
## EN02 1.029 0.042 24.765 0.000 1.721 0.932
## EN04 1.001 0.044 22.527 0.000 1.675 0.925
## EN05 1.000 0.043 23.517 0.000 1.672 0.939
## EN06 0.986 0.042 23.574 0.000 1.650 0.939
## EN07 1.045 0.047 22.440 0.000 1.748 0.924
## EN08 1.034 0.043 23.834 0.000 1.729 0.943
## desapego =~
## RPD02 1.000 1.721 0.883
## RPD03 0.934 0.059 15.941 0.000 1.607 0.809
## RPD05 1.082 0.055 19.707 0.000 1.862 0.899
## RPD07 1.015 0.056 18.188 0.000 1.747 0.865
## RPD08 0.893 0.062 14.387 0.000 1.537 0.763
## RPD09 1.005 0.060 16.640 0.000 1.730 0.828
## RPD10 1.023 0.061 16.664 0.000 1.760 0.828
## relajacion =~
## RRE02 1.000 1.281 0.854
## RRE03 1.128 0.063 17.787 0.000 1.445 0.882
## RRE04 1.027 0.057 18.127 0.000 1.316 0.890
## RRE05 1.049 0.055 19.088 0.000 1.344 0.910
## RRE06 1.231 0.073 16.917 0.000 1.577 0.855
## RRE07 1.104 0.070 15.730 0.000 1.415 0.820
## RRE10 0.806 0.066 12.139 0.000 1.033 0.694
## maestria =~
## RMA03 1.000 1.584 0.780
## RMA04 1.048 0.071 14.656 0.000 1.659 0.874
## RMA05 1.008 0.071 14.254 0.000 1.596 0.856
## RMA07 0.981 0.068 14.445 0.000 1.554 0.861
## RMA08 0.997 0.068 14.561 0.000 1.579 0.867
## RMA09 0.925 0.068 13.565 0.000 1.465 0.821
## RMA10 0.934 0.072 13.016 0.000 1.479 0.795
## control =~
## RCO02 1.000 1.633 0.856
## RCO03 0.944 0.049 19.182 0.000 1.542 0.910
## RCO04 0.791 0.044 17.950 0.000 1.292 0.882
## RCO05 0.811 0.043 18.789 0.000 1.325 0.902
## RCO06 0.837 0.045 18.472 0.000 1.367 0.893
## RCO07 0.836 0.046 18.262 0.000 1.366 0.888
## recuperacion =~
## desapego 1.000 0.699 0.699
## relajacion 0.864 0.095 9.125 0.000 0.811 0.811
## maestria 0.818 0.113 7.243 0.000 0.621 0.621
## control 1.169 0.124 9.465 0.000 0.861 0.861
##
## Regressions:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## energia ~
## recuperacion 1.158 0.122 9.521 0.000 0.832 0.832
## engagement ~
## energia 0.407 0.110 3.702 0.000 0.449 0.449
## recuperacion 0.284 0.160 1.775 0.076 0.225 0.225
##
## Covariances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .RRE03 ~~
## .RRE04 -0.106 0.044 -2.402 0.016 -0.106 -0.204
## .RMA04 ~~
## .RMA05 0.054 0.078 0.687 0.492 0.054 0.060
## .RPD09 ~~
## .RPD10 0.914 0.131 6.962 0.000 0.914 0.655
## .RCO04 ~~
## .RCO05 0.024 0.038 0.640 0.522 0.024 0.055
## .EN01 ~~
## .EN02 0.077 0.045 1.697 0.090 0.077 0.136
## .EN07 ~~
## .EN08 0.063 0.038 1.665 0.096 0.063 0.144
## .EN04 ~~
## .EN05 0.016 0.035 0.450 0.653 0.016 0.038
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .EVI01 0.199 0.039 5.046 0.000 0.199 0.065
## .EVI02 0.224 0.040 5.620 0.000 0.224 0.075
## .EVI03 1.213 0.124 9.773 0.000 1.213 0.301
## .EDE01 0.364 0.065 5.607 0.000 0.364 0.094
## .EDE02 0.506 0.067 7.566 0.000 0.506 0.150
## .EDE03 0.864 0.087 9.920 0.000 0.864 0.432
## .EAB01 0.489 0.103 4.765 0.000 0.489 0.159
## .EAB02 1.003 0.109 9.187 0.000 1.003 0.434
## .EAB03 1.706 0.176 9.719 0.000 1.706 0.550
## .EN01 0.714 0.075 9.457 0.000 0.714 0.203
## .EN02 0.449 0.051 8.808 0.000 0.449 0.132
## .EN04 0.473 0.054 8.801 0.000 0.473 0.144
## .EN05 0.373 0.044 8.419 0.000 0.373 0.118
## .EN06 0.362 0.042 8.686 0.000 0.362 0.117
## .EN07 0.526 0.059 8.866 0.000 0.526 0.147
## .EN08 0.369 0.044 8.317 0.000 0.369 0.110
## .RPD02 0.834 0.100 8.355 0.000 0.834 0.220
## .RPD03 1.368 0.146 9.397 0.000 1.368 0.346
## .RPD05 0.826 0.104 7.951 0.000 0.826 0.193
## .RPD07 1.023 0.117 8.712 0.000 1.023 0.251
## .RPD08 1.698 0.175 9.707 0.000 1.698 0.418
## .RPD09 1.374 0.150 9.180 0.000 1.374 0.315
## .RPD10 1.417 0.154 9.174 0.000 1.417 0.314
## .RRE02 0.608 0.065 9.322 0.000 0.608 0.270
## .RRE03 0.599 0.071 8.469 0.000 0.599 0.223
## .RRE04 0.454 0.055 8.311 0.000 0.454 0.208
## .RRE05 0.374 0.045 8.291 0.000 0.374 0.171
## .RRE06 0.916 0.098 9.317 0.000 0.916 0.269
## .RRE07 0.973 0.101 9.623 0.000 0.973 0.327
## .RRE10 1.146 0.113 10.141 0.000 1.146 0.518
## .RMA03 1.619 0.169 9.604 0.000 1.619 0.392
## .RMA04 0.853 0.104 8.232 0.000 0.853 0.237
## .RMA05 0.929 0.109 8.519 0.000 0.929 0.267
## .RMA07 0.840 0.096 8.763 0.000 0.840 0.258
## .RMA08 0.827 0.095 8.672 0.000 0.827 0.249
## .RMA09 1.040 0.112 9.279 0.000 1.040 0.326
## .RMA10 1.277 0.134 9.500 0.000 1.277 0.368
## .RCO02 0.972 0.104 9.346 0.000 0.972 0.267
## .RCO03 0.495 0.059 8.408 0.000 0.495 0.172
## .RCO04 0.477 0.055 8.708 0.000 0.477 0.222
## .RCO05 0.402 0.048 8.335 0.000 0.402 0.186
## .RCO06 0.475 0.054 8.807 0.000 0.475 0.203
## .RCO07 0.502 0.056 8.905 0.000 0.502 0.212
## .vigor 0.536 0.085 6.328 0.000 0.189 0.189
## .dedicacion 0.102 0.090 1.137 0.256 0.029 0.029
## .absorcion 0.473 0.112 4.233 0.000 0.183 0.183
## .engagement 1.334 0.171 7.797 0.000 0.580 0.580
## .energia 0.860 0.136 6.345 0.000 0.307 0.307
## .desapego 1.515 0.207 7.329 0.000 0.512 0.512
## .relajacion 0.563 0.090 6.271 0.000 0.343 0.343
## .maestria 1.541 0.238 6.473 0.000 0.615 0.615
## .control 0.692 0.127 5.459 0.000 0.259 0.259
## recuperacion 1.445 0.280 5.152 0.000 1.000 1.000
Las experiencias de recuperación son más efectivas para mejorar el engagement cuando logran que la persona recupere su energía, en lugar de influir directamente en el engagement.
El modelo ya funciona bien, todos los números que usamos para evaluar qué tan bueno es están dentro de lo que consideramos aceptable.
Las experiencias de recuperación ayudan mucho a recuperar energía. La energía recuperada mejora el engagement en el trabajo. Las experiencias de recuperación por sí solas ayudan un poco al engagement, pero funcionan mejor cuando primero ayudan a recuperar la energía.
modelo_medicion <- '
# Variables latentes de primer orden para engagement
vigor =~ EVI01 + EVI02 + EVI03
dedicacion =~ EDE01 + EDE02 + EDE03
absorcion =~ EAB01 + EAB02 + EAB03
# Variable latente de segundo orden para engagement
engagement =~ vigor + dedicacion + absorcion
# Variable latente para energía
energia =~ EN01 + EN02 + EN04 + EN05 + EN06 + EN07 + EN08
# Variables latentes de primer orden para recuperación
desapego =~ RPD02 + RPD03 + RPD05 + RPD07 + RPD08 + RPD09 + RPD10
relajacion =~ RRE02 + RRE03 + RRE04 + RRE05 + RRE06 + RRE07 + RRE10
maestria =~ RMA03 + RMA04 + RMA05 + RMA07 + RMA08 + RMA09 + RMA10
control =~ RCO02 + RCO03 + RCO04 + RCO05 + RCO06 + RCO07
# Variable latente de segundo orden para recuperación
recuperacion =~ desapego + relajacion + maestria + control
# Correlaciones entre variables latentes de segundo orden
recuperacion ~~ energia + engagement
energia ~~ engagement
# Mantenemos las correlaciones residuales que mejoraron el ajuste
RRE03 ~~ RRE04
RMA04 ~~ RMA05
RPD09 ~~ RPD10
RCO04 ~~ RCO05
EN01 ~~ EN02
EN07 ~~ EN08
EN04 ~~ EN05
'Los índices CFI (0.908) y TLI (0.901) están por encima del mínimo aceptable de 0.90, lo que indica que el modelo representa bien las relaciones entre las variables. El SRMR de 0.065 es bueno, sugiriendo que las diferencias entre las correlaciones observadas y predichas son pequeñas. El RMSEA de 0.075 está dentro del rango aceptable, indicando que el modelo tiene un nivel razonable de precisión.
## lavaan 0.6-19 ended normally after 84 iterations
##
## Estimator ML
## Optimization method NLMINB
## Number of model parameters 103
##
## Number of observations 223
##
## Model Test User Model:
##
## Test statistic 1890.000
## Degrees of freedom 843
## P-value (Chi-square) 0.000
##
## Model Test Baseline Model:
##
## Test statistic 12238.430
## Degrees of freedom 903
## P-value 0.000
##
## User Model versus Baseline Model:
##
## Comparative Fit Index (CFI) 0.908
## Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) 0.901
##
## Loglikelihood and Information Criteria:
##
## Loglikelihood user model (H0) -13909.557
## Loglikelihood unrestricted model (H1) -12964.557
##
## Akaike (AIC) 28025.115
## Bayesian (BIC) 28376.053
## Sample-size adjusted Bayesian (SABIC) 28049.633
##
## Root Mean Square Error of Approximation:
##
## RMSEA 0.075
## 90 Percent confidence interval - lower 0.070
## 90 Percent confidence interval - upper 0.079
## P-value H_0: RMSEA <= 0.050 0.000
## P-value H_0: RMSEA >= 0.080 0.024
##
## Standardized Root Mean Square Residual:
##
## SRMR 0.065
##
## Parameter Estimates:
##
## Standard errors Standard
## Information Expected
## Information saturated (h1) model Structured
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## vigor =~
## EVI01 1.000 1.684 0.967
## EVI02 0.985 0.028 35.282 0.000 1.659 0.962
## EVI03 0.996 0.048 20.545 0.000 1.677 0.836
## dedicacion =~
## EDE01 1.000 1.868 0.952
## EDE02 0.907 0.034 26.375 0.000 1.695 0.922
## EDE03 0.571 0.037 15.540 0.000 1.066 0.754
## absorcion =~
## EAB01 1.000 1.607 0.917
## EAB02 0.711 0.051 13.822 0.000 1.143 0.752
## EAB03 0.735 0.063 11.599 0.000 1.181 0.671
## engagement =~
## vigor 1.000 0.901 0.901
## dedicacion 1.213 0.061 19.810 0.000 0.985 0.985
## absorcion 0.958 0.059 16.370 0.000 0.904 0.904
## energia =~
## EN01 1.000 1.673 0.893
## EN02 1.029 0.042 24.765 0.000 1.721 0.932
## EN04 1.001 0.044 22.527 0.000 1.675 0.925
## EN05 1.000 0.043 23.517 0.000 1.672 0.939
## EN06 0.986 0.042 23.574 0.000 1.650 0.939
## EN07 1.045 0.047 22.440 0.000 1.748 0.924
## EN08 1.034 0.043 23.834 0.000 1.729 0.943
## desapego =~
## RPD02 1.000 1.721 0.883
## RPD03 0.934 0.059 15.941 0.000 1.607 0.809
## RPD05 1.082 0.055 19.707 0.000 1.862 0.899
## RPD07 1.015 0.056 18.188 0.000 1.747 0.865
## RPD08 0.893 0.062 14.387 0.000 1.537 0.763
## RPD09 1.005 0.060 16.640 0.000 1.730 0.828
## RPD10 1.023 0.061 16.664 0.000 1.760 0.828
## relajacion =~
## RRE02 1.000 1.281 0.854
## RRE03 1.128 0.063 17.787 0.000 1.445 0.882
## RRE04 1.027 0.057 18.127 0.000 1.316 0.890
## RRE05 1.049 0.055 19.088 0.000 1.344 0.910
## RRE06 1.231 0.073 16.917 0.000 1.577 0.855
## RRE07 1.104 0.070 15.730 0.000 1.415 0.820
## RRE10 0.806 0.066 12.139 0.000 1.033 0.694
## maestria =~
## RMA03 1.000 1.584 0.780
## RMA04 1.048 0.071 14.656 0.000 1.659 0.874
## RMA05 1.008 0.071 14.254 0.000 1.596 0.856
## RMA07 0.981 0.068 14.445 0.000 1.554 0.861
## RMA08 0.997 0.068 14.561 0.000 1.579 0.867
## RMA09 0.925 0.068 13.565 0.000 1.465 0.821
## RMA10 0.934 0.072 13.016 0.000 1.479 0.795
## control =~
## RCO02 1.000 1.633 0.856
## RCO03 0.944 0.049 19.182 0.000 1.542 0.910
## RCO04 0.791 0.044 17.950 0.000 1.292 0.882
## RCO05 0.811 0.043 18.789 0.000 1.325 0.902
## RCO06 0.837 0.045 18.472 0.000 1.367 0.893
## RCO07 0.836 0.046 18.262 0.000 1.366 0.888
## recuperacion =~
## desapego 1.000 0.699 0.699
## relajacion 0.864 0.095 9.125 0.000 0.811 0.811
## maestria 0.818 0.113 7.243 0.000 0.621 0.621
## control 1.169 0.124 9.466 0.000 0.861 0.861
##
## Covariances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## energia ~~
## recuperacion 1.673 0.235 7.121 0.000 0.832 0.832
## engagement ~~
## recuperacion 1.092 0.182 5.993 0.000 0.599 0.599
## energia 1.614 0.222 7.263 0.000 0.636 0.636
## .RRE03 ~~
## .RRE04 -0.106 0.044 -2.402 0.016 -0.106 -0.204
## .RMA04 ~~
## .RMA05 0.054 0.078 0.687 0.492 0.054 0.060
## .RPD09 ~~
## .RPD10 0.914 0.131 6.962 0.000 0.914 0.655
## .RCO04 ~~
## .RCO05 0.024 0.038 0.640 0.522 0.024 0.055
## .EN01 ~~
## .EN02 0.077 0.045 1.697 0.090 0.077 0.136
## .EN07 ~~
## .EN08 0.063 0.038 1.665 0.096 0.063 0.144
## .EN04 ~~
## .EN05 0.016 0.035 0.450 0.653 0.016 0.038
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .EVI01 0.199 0.039 5.046 0.000 0.199 0.065
## .EVI02 0.224 0.040 5.619 0.000 0.224 0.075
## .EVI03 1.213 0.124 9.773 0.000 1.213 0.301
## .EDE01 0.364 0.065 5.607 0.000 0.364 0.094
## .EDE02 0.506 0.067 7.566 0.000 0.506 0.150
## .EDE03 0.864 0.087 9.920 0.000 0.864 0.432
## .EAB01 0.489 0.103 4.765 0.000 0.489 0.159
## .EAB02 1.003 0.109 9.187 0.000 1.003 0.434
## .EAB03 1.706 0.176 9.719 0.000 1.706 0.550
## .EN01 0.714 0.075 9.457 0.000 0.714 0.203
## .EN02 0.449 0.051 8.808 0.000 0.449 0.132
## .EN04 0.473 0.054 8.801 0.000 0.473 0.144
## .EN05 0.373 0.044 8.419 0.000 0.373 0.118
## .EN06 0.362 0.042 8.686 0.000 0.362 0.117
## .EN07 0.526 0.059 8.866 0.000 0.526 0.147
## .EN08 0.369 0.044 8.317 0.000 0.369 0.110
## .RPD02 0.834 0.100 8.355 0.000 0.834 0.220
## .RPD03 1.368 0.146 9.397 0.000 1.368 0.346
## .RPD05 0.826 0.104 7.951 0.000 0.826 0.193
## .RPD07 1.023 0.117 8.712 0.000 1.023 0.251
## .RPD08 1.698 0.175 9.707 0.000 1.698 0.418
## .RPD09 1.374 0.150 9.180 0.000 1.374 0.315
## .RPD10 1.417 0.154 9.174 0.000 1.417 0.314
## .RRE02 0.608 0.065 9.322 0.000 0.608 0.270
## .RRE03 0.599 0.071 8.469 0.000 0.599 0.223
## .RRE04 0.454 0.055 8.311 0.000 0.454 0.208
## .RRE05 0.374 0.045 8.291 0.000 0.374 0.171
## .RRE06 0.916 0.098 9.317 0.000 0.916 0.269
## .RRE07 0.973 0.101 9.623 0.000 0.973 0.327
## .RRE10 1.146 0.113 10.141 0.000 1.146 0.518
## .RMA03 1.619 0.169 9.604 0.000 1.619 0.392
## .RMA04 0.853 0.104 8.232 0.000 0.853 0.237
## .RMA05 0.929 0.109 8.519 0.000 0.929 0.267
## .RMA07 0.840 0.096 8.763 0.000 0.840 0.258
## .RMA08 0.827 0.095 8.672 0.000 0.827 0.249
## .RMA09 1.040 0.112 9.279 0.000 1.040 0.326
## .RMA10 1.277 0.134 9.500 0.000 1.277 0.368
## .RCO02 0.972 0.104 9.346 0.000 0.972 0.267
## .RCO03 0.495 0.059 8.408 0.000 0.495 0.172
## .RCO04 0.477 0.055 8.708 0.000 0.477 0.222
## .RCO05 0.402 0.048 8.335 0.000 0.402 0.186
## .RCO06 0.475 0.054 8.807 0.000 0.475 0.203
## .RCO07 0.502 0.056 8.905 0.000 0.502 0.212
## .vigor 0.536 0.085 6.329 0.000 0.189 0.189
## .dedicacion 0.102 0.090 1.137 0.256 0.029 0.029
## .absorcion 0.473 0.112 4.233 0.000 0.183 0.183
## engagement 2.301 0.284 8.091 0.000 1.000 1.000
## energia 2.798 0.327 8.547 0.000 1.000 1.000
## .desapego 1.515 0.207 7.329 0.000 0.512 0.512
## .relajacion 0.563 0.090 6.271 0.000 0.343 0.343
## .maestria 1.541 0.238 6.473 0.000 0.615 0.615
## .control 0.692 0.127 5.459 0.000 0.259 0.259
## recuperacion 1.445 0.280 5.152 0.000 1.000 1.000