Pertemuan 2
Aliya Rohani
2025-02-19
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summary(cars)## speed dist
## Min. : 4.0 Min. : 2.00
## 1st Qu.:12.0 1st Qu.: 26.00
## Median :15.0 Median : 36.00
## Mean :15.4 Mean : 42.98
## 3rd Qu.:19.0 3rd Qu.: 56.00
## Max. :25.0 Max. :120.00library(dplyr)##
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter, lag## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## intersect, setdiff, setequal, unionlibrary(tidyr)library(ggplot2)library## function (package, help, pos = 2, lib.loc = NULL, character.only = FALSE,
## logical.return = FALSE, warn.conflicts, quietly = FALSE,
## verbose = getOption("verbose"), mask.ok, exclude, include.only,
## attach.required = missing(include.only))
## {
## conf.ctrl <- getOption("conflicts.policy")
## if (is.character(conf.ctrl))
## conf.ctrl <- switch(conf.ctrl, strict = list(error = TRUE,
## warn = FALSE), depends.ok = list(error = TRUE, generics.ok = TRUE,
## can.mask = c("base", "methods", "utils", "grDevices",
## "graphics", "stats"), depends.ok = TRUE), warning(gettextf("unknown conflict policy: %s",
## sQuote(conf.ctrl)), call. = FALSE, domain = NA))
## if (!is.list(conf.ctrl))
## conf.ctrl <- NULL
## stopOnConflict <- isTRUE(conf.ctrl$error)
## if (missing(warn.conflicts))
## warn.conflicts <- !isFALSE(conf.ctrl$warn)
## if (!missing(include.only) && !missing(exclude))
## stop("only one of 'include.only' and 'exclude' can be used",
## call. = FALSE)
## testRversion <- function(pkgInfo, pkgname, pkgpath) {
## if (is.null(built <- pkgInfo$Built))
## stop(gettextf("package %s has not been installed properly\n",
## sQuote(pkgname)), call. = FALSE, domain = NA)
## R_version_built_under <- as.numeric_version(built$R)
## if (R_version_built_under < "3.0.0")
## stop(gettextf("package %s was built before R 3.0.0: please re-install it",
## sQuote(pkgname)), call. = FALSE, domain = NA)
## current <- getRversion()
## if (length(Rdeps <- pkgInfo$Rdepends2)) {
## for (dep in Rdeps) if (length(dep) > 1L) {
## target <- dep$version
## res <- do.call(dep$op, if (is.character(target))
## list(as.numeric(R.version[["svn rev"]]), as.numeric(sub("^r",
## "", target)))
## else list(current, as.numeric_version(target)))
## if (!res)
## stop(gettextf("This is R %s, package %s needs %s %s",
## current, sQuote(pkgname), dep$op, target),
## call. = FALSE, domain = NA)
## }
## }
## if (R_version_built_under > current)
## warning(gettextf("package %s was built under R version %s",
## sQuote(pkgname), as.character(built$R)), call. = FALSE,
## domain = NA)
## platform <- built$Platform
## r_arch <- .Platform$r_arch
## if (.Platform$OS.type == "unix") {
## }
## else {
## if (nzchar(platform) && !grepl("mingw", platform))
## stop(gettextf("package %s was built for %s",
## sQuote(pkgname), platform), call. = FALSE,
## domain = NA)
## }
## if (nzchar(r_arch) && file.exists(file.path(pkgpath,
## "libs")) && !file.exists(file.path(pkgpath, "libs",
## r_arch)))
## stop(gettextf("package %s is not installed for 'arch = %s'",
## sQuote(pkgname), r_arch), call. = FALSE, domain = NA)
## }
## checkNoGenerics <- function(env, pkg) {
## nenv <- env
## ns <- .getNamespace(as.name(pkg))
## if (!is.null(ns))
## nenv <- asNamespace(ns)
## if (exists(".noGenerics", envir = nenv, inherits = FALSE))
## TRUE
## else {
## !any(startsWith(names(env), ".__T"))
## }
## }
## checkConflicts <- function(package, pkgname, pkgpath, nogenerics,
## env) {
## dont.mind <- c("last.dump", "last.warning", ".Last.value",
## ".Random.seed", ".Last.lib", ".onDetach", ".packageName",
## ".noGenerics", ".required", ".no_S3_generics", ".Depends",
## ".requireCachedGenerics")
## sp <- search()
## lib.pos <- which(sp == pkgname)
## ob <- names(as.environment(lib.pos))
## if (!nogenerics) {
## these <- ob[startsWith(ob, ".__T__")]
## gen <- gsub(".__T__(.*):([^:]+)", "\\1", these)
## from <- gsub(".__T__(.*):([^:]+)", "\\2", these)
## gen <- gen[from != package]
## ob <- ob[!(ob %in% gen)]
## }
## ipos <- seq_along(sp)[-c(lib.pos, match(c("Autoloads",
## "CheckExEnv"), sp, 0L))]
## cpos <- NULL
## conflicts <- vector("list", 0)
## for (i in ipos) {
## obj.same <- match(names(as.environment(i)), ob, nomatch = 0L)
## if (any(obj.same > 0L)) {
## same <- ob[obj.same]
## same <- same[!(same %in% dont.mind)]
## Classobjs <- which(startsWith(same, ".__"))
## if (length(Classobjs))
## same <- same[-Classobjs]
## same.isFn <- function(where) vapply(same, exists,
## NA, where = where, mode = "function", inherits = FALSE)
## same <- same[same.isFn(i) == same.isFn(lib.pos)]
## not.Ident <- function(ch, TRAFO = identity, ...) vapply(ch,
## function(.) !identical(TRAFO(get(., i)), TRAFO(get(.,
## lib.pos)), ...), NA)
## if (length(same))
## same <- same[not.Ident(same)]
## if (length(same) && identical(sp[i], "package:base"))
## same <- same[not.Ident(same, ignore.environment = TRUE)]
## if (length(same)) {
## conflicts[[sp[i]]] <- same
## cpos[sp[i]] <- i
## }
## }
## }
## if (length(conflicts)) {
## if (stopOnConflict) {
## emsg <- ""
## pkg <- names(conflicts)
## notOK <- vector("list", 0)
## for (i in seq_along(conflicts)) {
## pkgname <- sub("^package:", "", pkg[i])
## if (pkgname %in% canMaskEnv$canMask)
## next
## same <- conflicts[[i]]
## if (is.list(mask.ok))
## myMaskOK <- mask.ok[[pkgname]]
## else myMaskOK <- mask.ok
## if (isTRUE(myMaskOK))
## same <- NULL
## else if (is.character(myMaskOK))
## same <- setdiff(same, myMaskOK)
## if (length(same)) {
## notOK[[pkg[i]]] <- same
## msg <- .maskedMsg(sort(same), pkg = sQuote(pkg[i]),
## by = cpos[i] < lib.pos)
## emsg <- paste(emsg, msg, sep = "\n")
## }
## }
## if (length(notOK)) {
## msg <- gettextf("Conflicts attaching package %s:\n%s",
## sQuote(package), emsg)
## stop(errorCondition(msg, package = package,
## conflicts = conflicts, class = "packageConflictError"))
## }
## }
## if (warn.conflicts) {
## packageStartupMessage(gettextf("\nAttaching package: %s\n",
## sQuote(package)), domain = NA)
## pkg <- names(conflicts)
## for (i in seq_along(conflicts)) {
## msg <- .maskedMsg(sort(conflicts[[i]]), pkg = sQuote(pkg[i]),
## by = cpos[i] < lib.pos)
## packageStartupMessage(msg, domain = NA)
## }
## }
## }
## }
## if (verbose && quietly)
## message("'verbose' and 'quietly' are both true; being verbose then ..")
## if (!missing(package)) {
## if (is.null(lib.loc))
## lib.loc <- .libPaths()
## lib.loc <- lib.loc[dir.exists(lib.loc)]
## if (!character.only)
## package <- as.character(substitute(package))
## if (length(package) != 1L)
## stop("'package' must be of length 1")
## if (is.na(package) || (package == ""))
## stop("invalid package name")
## pkgname <- paste0("package:", package)
## newpackage <- is.na(match(pkgname, search()))
## if (newpackage) {
## pkgpath <- find.package(package, lib.loc, quiet = TRUE,
## verbose = verbose)
## if (length(pkgpath) == 0L) {
## if (length(lib.loc) && !logical.return)
## stop(packageNotFoundError(package, lib.loc,
## sys.call()))
## txt <- if (length(lib.loc))
## gettextf("there is no package called %s", sQuote(package))
## else gettext("no library trees found in 'lib.loc'")
## if (logical.return) {
## if (!quietly)
## warning(txt, domain = NA)
## return(FALSE)
## }
## else stop(txt, domain = NA)
## }
## which.lib.loc <- normalizePath(dirname(pkgpath),
## "/", TRUE)
## pfile <- system.file("Meta", "package.rds", package = package,
## lib.loc = which.lib.loc)
## if (!nzchar(pfile))
## stop(gettextf("%s is not a valid installed package",
## sQuote(package)), domain = NA)
## pkgInfo <- readRDS(pfile)
## testRversion(pkgInfo, package, pkgpath)
## if (is.character(pos)) {
## npos <- match(pos, search())
## if (is.na(npos)) {
## warning(gettextf("%s not found on search path, using pos = 2",
## sQuote(pos)), domain = NA)
## pos <- 2
## }
## else pos <- npos
## }
## deps <- unique(names(pkgInfo$Depends))
## depsOK <- isTRUE(conf.ctrl$depends.ok)
## if (depsOK) {
## canMaskEnv <- dynGet("__library_can_mask__",
## NULL)
## if (is.null(canMaskEnv)) {
## canMaskEnv <- new.env()
## canMaskEnv$canMask <- union("base", conf.ctrl$can.mask)
## "__library_can_mask__" <- canMaskEnv
## }
## canMaskEnv$canMask <- unique(c(package, deps,
## canMaskEnv$canMask))
## }
## else canMaskEnv <- NULL
## if (attach.required)
## .getRequiredPackages2(pkgInfo, quietly = quietly,
## lib.loc = c(lib.loc, .libPaths()))
## cr <- conflictRules(package)
## if (missing(mask.ok))
## mask.ok <- cr$mask.ok
## if (missing(exclude))
## exclude <- cr$exclude
## if (isNamespaceLoaded(package)) {
## newversion <- as.numeric_version(pkgInfo$DESCRIPTION["Version"])
## oldversion <- as.numeric_version(getNamespaceVersion(package))
## if (newversion != oldversion) {
## tryCatch(unloadNamespace(package), error = function(e) {
## P <- if (!is.null(cc <- conditionCall(e)))
## paste("Error in", deparse(cc)[1L], ": ")
## else "Error : "
## stop(gettextf("Package %s version %s cannot be unloaded:\n %s",
## sQuote(package), oldversion, paste0(P,
## conditionMessage(e), "\n")), domain = NA)
## })
## }
## }
## tt <- tryCatch({
## attr(package, "LibPath") <- which.lib.loc
## ns <- loadNamespace(package, lib.loc)
## env <- attachNamespace(ns, pos = pos, deps, exclude,
## include.only)
## }, error = function(e) {
## P <- if (!is.null(cc <- conditionCall(e)))
## paste(" in", deparse(cc)[1L])
## else ""
## msg <- gettextf("package or namespace load failed for %s%s:\n %s",
## sQuote(package), P, conditionMessage(e))
## if (logical.return && !quietly)
## message(paste("Error:", msg), domain = NA)
## else stop(msg, call. = FALSE, domain = NA)
## })
## if (logical.return && is.null(tt))
## return(FALSE)
## attr(package, "LibPath") <- NULL
## {
## on.exit(detach(pos = pos))
## nogenerics <- !.isMethodsDispatchOn() || checkNoGenerics(env,
## package)
## if (isFALSE(conf.ctrl$generics.ok) || (stopOnConflict &&
## !isTRUE(conf.ctrl$generics.ok)))
## nogenerics <- TRUE
## if (stopOnConflict || (warn.conflicts && !exists(".conflicts.OK",
## envir = env, inherits = FALSE)))
## checkConflicts(package, pkgname, pkgpath, nogenerics,
## ns)
## on.exit()
## if (logical.return)
## return(TRUE)
## else return(invisible(.packages()))
## }
## }
## if (verbose && !newpackage)
## warning(gettextf("package %s already present in search()",
## sQuote(package)), domain = NA)
## }
## else if (!missing(help)) {
## if (!character.only)
## help <- as.character(substitute(help))
## pkgName <- help[1L]
## pkgPath <- find.package(pkgName, lib.loc, verbose = verbose)
## docFiles <- c(file.path(pkgPath, "Meta", "package.rds"),
## file.path(pkgPath, "INDEX"))
## if (file.exists(vignetteIndexRDS <- file.path(pkgPath,
## "Meta", "vignette.rds")))
## docFiles <- c(docFiles, vignetteIndexRDS)
## pkgInfo <- vector("list", 3L)
## readDocFile <- function(f) {
## if (basename(f) %in% "package.rds") {
## txt <- readRDS(f)$DESCRIPTION
## if ("Encoding" %in% names(txt)) {
## to <- if (Sys.getlocale("LC_CTYPE") == "C")
## "ASCII//TRANSLIT"
## else ""
## tmp <- try(iconv(txt, from = txt["Encoding"],
## to = to))
## if (!inherits(tmp, "try-error"))
## txt <- tmp
## else warning("'DESCRIPTION' has an 'Encoding' field and re-encoding is not possible",
## call. = FALSE)
## }
## nm <- paste0(names(txt), ":")
## formatDL(nm, txt, indent = max(nchar(nm, "w")) +
## 3L)
## }
## else if (basename(f) %in% "vignette.rds") {
## txt <- readRDS(f)
## if (is.data.frame(txt) && nrow(txt))
## cbind(basename(gsub("\\.[[:alpha:]]+$", "",
## txt$File)), paste(txt$Title, paste0(rep.int("(source",
## NROW(txt)), ifelse(nzchar(txt$PDF), ", pdf",
## ""), ")")))
## else NULL
## }
## else readLines(f)
## }
## for (i in which(file.exists(docFiles))) pkgInfo[[i]] <- readDocFile(docFiles[i])
## y <- list(name = pkgName, path = pkgPath, info = pkgInfo)
## class(y) <- "packageInfo"
## return(y)
## }
## else {
## if (is.null(lib.loc))
## lib.loc <- .libPaths()
## db <- matrix(character(), nrow = 0L, ncol = 3L)
## nopkgs <- character()
## for (lib in lib.loc) {
## a <- .packages(all.available = TRUE, lib.loc = lib)
## for (i in sort(a)) {
## file <- system.file("Meta", "package.rds", package = i,
## lib.loc = lib)
## title <- if (nzchar(file)) {
## txt <- readRDS(file)
## if (is.list(txt))
## txt <- txt$DESCRIPTION
## if ("Encoding" %in% names(txt)) {
## to <- if (Sys.getlocale("LC_CTYPE") == "C")
## "ASCII//TRANSLIT"
## else ""
## tmp <- try(iconv(txt, txt["Encoding"], to,
## "?"))
## if (!inherits(tmp, "try-error"))
## txt <- tmp
## else warning("'DESCRIPTION' has an 'Encoding' field and re-encoding is not possible",
## call. = FALSE)
## }
## txt["Title"]
## }
## else NA
## if (is.na(title))
## title <- " ** No title available ** "
## db <- rbind(db, cbind(i, lib, title))
## }
## if (length(a) == 0L)
## nopkgs <- c(nopkgs, lib)
## }
## dimnames(db) <- list(NULL, c("Package", "LibPath", "Title"))
## if (length(nopkgs) && !missing(lib.loc)) {
## pkglist <- paste(sQuote(nopkgs), collapse = ", ")
## msg <- sprintf(ngettext(length(nopkgs), "library %s contains no packages",
## "libraries %s contain no packages"), pkglist)
## warning(msg, domain = NA)
## }
## y <- list(header = NULL, results = db, footer = NULL)
## class(y) <- "libraryIQR"
## return(y)
## }
## if (logical.return)
## TRUE
## else invisible(.packages())
## }
## <bytecode: 0x00000252c6174ca0>
## <environment: namespace:base>data("airquality")head(airquality) ## Ozone Solar.R Wind Temp Month Day
## 1 41 190 7.4 67 5 1
## 2 36 118 8.0 72 5 2
## 3 12 149 12.6 74 5 3
## 4 18 313 11.5 62 5 4
## 5 NA NA 14.3 56 5 5
## 6 28 NA 14.9 66 5 6summary(airquality)## Ozone Solar.R Wind Temp
## Min. : 1.00 Min. : 7.0 Min. : 1.700 Min. :56.00
## 1st Qu.: 18.00 1st Qu.:115.8 1st Qu.: 7.400 1st Qu.:72.00
## Median : 31.50 Median :205.0 Median : 9.700 Median :79.00
## Mean : 42.13 Mean :185.9 Mean : 9.958 Mean :77.88
## 3rd Qu.: 63.25 3rd Qu.:258.8 3rd Qu.:11.500 3rd Qu.:85.00
## Max. :168.00 Max. :334.0 Max. :20.700 Max. :97.00
## NA's :37 NA's :7
## Month Day
## Min. :5.000 Min. : 1.0
## 1st Qu.:6.000 1st Qu.: 8.0
## Median :7.000 Median :16.0
## Mean :6.993 Mean :15.8
## 3rd Qu.:8.000 3rd Qu.:23.0
## Max. :9.000 Max. :31.0
## colSums(is.na(airquality)) ## Ozone Solar.R Wind Temp Month Day
## 37 7 0 0 0 0library(VIM) ## Loading required package: colorspace## Loading required package: grid## VIM is ready to use.## Suggestions and bug-reports can be submitted at: https://github.com/statistikat/VIM/issues##
## Attaching package: 'VIM'## The following object is masked from 'package:datasets':
##
## sleepairquality## Ozone Solar.R Wind Temp Month Day
## 1 41 190 7.4 67 5 1
## 2 36 118 8.0 72 5 2
## 3 12 149 12.6 74 5 3
## 4 18 313 11.5 62 5 4
## 5 NA NA 14.3 56 5 5
## 6 28 NA 14.9 66 5 6
## 7 23 299 8.6 65 5 7
## 8 19 99 13.8 59 5 8
## 9 8 19 20.1 61 5 9
## 10 NA 194 8.6 69 5 10
## 11 7 NA 6.9 74 5 11
## 12 16 256 9.7 69 5 12
## 13 11 290 9.2 66 5 13
## 14 14 274 10.9 68 5 14
## 15 18 65 13.2 58 5 15
## 16 14 334 11.5 64 5 16
## 17 34 307 12.0 66 5 17
## 18 6 78 18.4 57 5 18
## 19 30 322 11.5 68 5 19
## 20 11 44 9.7 62 5 20
## 21 1 8 9.7 59 5 21
## 22 11 320 16.6 73 5 22
## 23 4 25 9.7 61 5 23
## 24 32 92 12.0 61 5 24
## 25 NA 66 16.6 57 5 25
## 26 NA 266 14.9 58 5 26
## 27 NA NA 8.0 57 5 27
## 28 23 13 12.0 67 5 28
## 29 45 252 14.9 81 5 29
## 30 115 223 5.7 79 5 30
## 31 37 279 7.4 76 5 31
## 32 NA 286 8.6 78 6 1
## 33 NA 287 9.7 74 6 2
## 34 NA 242 16.1 67 6 3
## 35 NA 186 9.2 84 6 4
## 36 NA 220 8.6 85 6 5
## 37 NA 264 14.3 79 6 6
## 38 29 127 9.7 82 6 7
## 39 NA 273 6.9 87 6 8
## 40 71 291 13.8 90 6 9
## 41 39 323 11.5 87 6 10
## 42 NA 259 10.9 93 6 11
## 43 NA 250 9.2 92 6 12
## 44 23 148 8.0 82 6 13
## 45 NA 332 13.8 80 6 14
## 46 NA 322 11.5 79 6 15
## 47 21 191 14.9 77 6 16
## 48 37 284 20.7 72 6 17
## 49 20 37 9.2 65 6 18
## 50 12 120 11.5 73 6 19
## 51 13 137 10.3 76 6 20
## 52 NA 150 6.3 77 6 21
## 53 NA 59 1.7 76 6 22
## 54 NA 91 4.6 76 6 23
## 55 NA 250 6.3 76 6 24
## 56 NA 135 8.0 75 6 25
## 57 NA 127 8.0 78 6 26
## 58 NA 47 10.3 73 6 27
## 59 NA 98 11.5 80 6 28
## 60 NA 31 14.9 77 6 29
## 61 NA 138 8.0 83 6 30
## 62 135 269 4.1 84 7 1
## 63 49 248 9.2 85 7 2
## 64 32 236 9.2 81 7 3
## 65 NA 101 10.9 84 7 4
## 66 64 175 4.6 83 7 5
## 67 40 314 10.9 83 7 6
## 68 77 276 5.1 88 7 7
## 69 97 267 6.3 92 7 8
## 70 97 272 5.7 92 7 9
## 71 85 175 7.4 89 7 10
## 72 NA 139 8.6 82 7 11
## 73 10 264 14.3 73 7 12
## 74 27 175 14.9 81 7 13
## 75 NA 291 14.9 91 7 14
## 76 7 48 14.3 80 7 15
## 77 48 260 6.9 81 7 16
## 78 35 274 10.3 82 7 17
## 79 61 285 6.3 84 7 18
## 80 79 187 5.1 87 7 19
## 81 63 220 11.5 85 7 20
## 82 16 7 6.9 74 7 21
## 83 NA 258 9.7 81 7 22
## 84 NA 295 11.5 82 7 23
## 85 80 294 8.6 86 7 24
## 86 108 223 8.0 85 7 25
## 87 20 81 8.6 82 7 26
## 88 52 82 12.0 86 7 27
## 89 82 213 7.4 88 7 28
## 90 50 275 7.4 86 7 29
## 91 64 253 7.4 83 7 30
## 92 59 254 9.2 81 7 31
## 93 39 83 6.9 81 8 1
## 94 9 24 13.8 81 8 2
## 95 16 77 7.4 82 8 3
## 96 78 NA 6.9 86 8 4
## 97 35 NA 7.4 85 8 5
## 98 66 NA 4.6 87 8 6
## 99 122 255 4.0 89 8 7
## 100 89 229 10.3 90 8 8
## 101 110 207 8.0 90 8 9
## 102 NA 222 8.6 92 8 10
## 103 NA 137 11.5 86 8 11
## 104 44 192 11.5 86 8 12
## 105 28 273 11.5 82 8 13
## 106 65 157 9.7 80 8 14
## 107 NA 64 11.5 79 8 15
## 108 22 71 10.3 77 8 16
## 109 59 51 6.3 79 8 17
## 110 23 115 7.4 76 8 18
## 111 31 244 10.9 78 8 19
## 112 44 190 10.3 78 8 20
## 113 21 259 15.5 77 8 21
## 114 9 36 14.3 72 8 22
## 115 NA 255 12.6 75 8 23
## 116 45 212 9.7 79 8 24
## 117 168 238 3.4 81 8 25
## 118 73 215 8.0 86 8 26
## 119 NA 153 5.7 88 8 27
## 120 76 203 9.7 97 8 28
## 121 118 225 2.3 94 8 29
## 122 84 237 6.3 96 8 30
## 123 85 188 6.3 94 8 31
## 124 96 167 6.9 91 9 1
## 125 78 197 5.1 92 9 2
## 126 73 183 2.8 93 9 3
## 127 91 189 4.6 93 9 4
## 128 47 95 7.4 87 9 5
## 129 32 92 15.5 84 9 6
## 130 20 252 10.9 80 9 7
## 131 23 220 10.3 78 9 8
## 132 21 230 10.9 75 9 9
## 133 24 259 9.7 73 9 10
## 134 44 236 14.9 81 9 11
## 135 21 259 15.5 76 9 12
## 136 28 238 6.3 77 9 13
## 137 9 24 10.9 71 9 14
## 138 13 112 11.5 71 9 15
## 139 46 237 6.9 78 9 16
## 140 18 224 13.8 67 9 17
## 141 13 27 10.3 76 9 18
## 142 24 238 10.3 68 9 19
## 143 16 201 8.0 82 9 20
## 144 13 238 12.6 64 9 21
## 145 23 14 9.2 71 9 22
## 146 36 139 10.3 81 9 23
## 147 7 49 10.3 69 9 24
## 148 14 20 16.6 63 9 25
## 149 30 193 6.9 70 9 26
## 150 NA 145 13.2 77 9 27
## 151 14 191 14.3 75 9 28
## 152 18 131 8.0 76 9 29
## 153 20 223 11.5 68 9 30head(airquality)## Ozone Solar.R Wind Temp Month Day
## 1 41 190 7.4 67 5 1
## 2 36 118 8.0 72 5 2
## 3 12 149 12.6 74 5 3
## 4 18 313 11.5 62 5 4
## 5 NA NA 14.3 56 5 5
## 6 28 NA 14.9 66 5 6summary(airquality)## Ozone Solar.R Wind Temp
## Min. : 1.00 Min. : 7.0 Min. : 1.700 Min. :56.00
## 1st Qu.: 18.00 1st Qu.:115.8 1st Qu.: 7.400 1st Qu.:72.00
## Median : 31.50 Median :205.0 Median : 9.700 Median :79.00
## Mean : 42.13 Mean :185.9 Mean : 9.958 Mean :77.88
## 3rd Qu.: 63.25 3rd Qu.:258.8 3rd Qu.:11.500 3rd Qu.:85.00
## Max. :168.00 Max. :334.0 Max. :20.700 Max. :97.00
## NA's :37 NA's :7
## Month Day
## Min. :5.000 Min. : 1.0
## 1st Qu.:6.000 1st Qu.: 8.0
## Median :7.000 Median :16.0
## Mean :6.993 Mean :15.8
## 3rd Qu.:8.000 3rd Qu.:23.0
## Max. :9.000 Max. :31.0
## is.na(airquality)## Ozone Solar.R Wind Temp Month Day
## [1,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [2,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [3,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [4,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [5,] TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [6,] FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [7,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [8,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [9,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
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## [153,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSEcolSums(airquality)## Ozone Solar.R Wind Temp Month Day
## NA NA 1523.5 11916.0 1070.0 2418.0colSums(is.na(airquality))## Ozone Solar.R Wind Temp Month Day
## 37 7 0 0 0 0library(VIM)
aggr(airquality, numbers = TRUE, prop = FALSE)
airquality$Ozone[is.na(airquality$Ozone)] <- median(airquality$Ozone, na.rm = TRUE)
airquality$Solar.R[is.na(airquality$Solar.R)] <- median(airquality$Solar.R, na.rm = TRUE)airquality## Ozone Solar.R Wind Temp Month Day
## 1 41.0 190 7.4 67 5 1
## 2 36.0 118 8.0 72 5 2
## 3 12.0 149 12.6 74 5 3
## 4 18.0 313 11.5 62 5 4
## 5 31.5 205 14.3 56 5 5
## 6 28.0 205 14.9 66 5 6
## 7 23.0 299 8.6 65 5 7
## 8 19.0 99 13.8 59 5 8
## 9 8.0 19 20.1 61 5 9
## 10 31.5 194 8.6 69 5 10
## 11 7.0 205 6.9 74 5 11
## 12 16.0 256 9.7 69 5 12
## 13 11.0 290 9.2 66 5 13
## 14 14.0 274 10.9 68 5 14
## 15 18.0 65 13.2 58 5 15
## 16 14.0 334 11.5 64 5 16
## 17 34.0 307 12.0 66 5 17
## 18 6.0 78 18.4 57 5 18
## 19 30.0 322 11.5 68 5 19
## 20 11.0 44 9.7 62 5 20
## 21 1.0 8 9.7 59 5 21
## 22 11.0 320 16.6 73 5 22
## 23 4.0 25 9.7 61 5 23
## 24 32.0 92 12.0 61 5 24
## 25 31.5 66 16.6 57 5 25
## 26 31.5 266 14.9 58 5 26
## 27 31.5 205 8.0 57 5 27
## 28 23.0 13 12.0 67 5 28
## 29 45.0 252 14.9 81 5 29
## 30 115.0 223 5.7 79 5 30
## 31 37.0 279 7.4 76 5 31
## 32 31.5 286 8.6 78 6 1
## 33 31.5 287 9.7 74 6 2
## 34 31.5 242 16.1 67 6 3
## 35 31.5 186 9.2 84 6 4
## 36 31.5 220 8.6 85 6 5
## 37 31.5 264 14.3 79 6 6
## 38 29.0 127 9.7 82 6 7
## 39 31.5 273 6.9 87 6 8
## 40 71.0 291 13.8 90 6 9
## 41 39.0 323 11.5 87 6 10
## 42 31.5 259 10.9 93 6 11
## 43 31.5 250 9.2 92 6 12
## 44 23.0 148 8.0 82 6 13
## 45 31.5 332 13.8 80 6 14
## 46 31.5 322 11.5 79 6 15
## 47 21.0 191 14.9 77 6 16
## 48 37.0 284 20.7 72 6 17
## 49 20.0 37 9.2 65 6 18
## 50 12.0 120 11.5 73 6 19
## 51 13.0 137 10.3 76 6 20
## 52 31.5 150 6.3 77 6 21
## 53 31.5 59 1.7 76 6 22
## 54 31.5 91 4.6 76 6 23
## 55 31.5 250 6.3 76 6 24
## 56 31.5 135 8.0 75 6 25
## 57 31.5 127 8.0 78 6 26
## 58 31.5 47 10.3 73 6 27
## 59 31.5 98 11.5 80 6 28
## 60 31.5 31 14.9 77 6 29
## 61 31.5 138 8.0 83 6 30
## 62 135.0 269 4.1 84 7 1
## 63 49.0 248 9.2 85 7 2
## 64 32.0 236 9.2 81 7 3
## 65 31.5 101 10.9 84 7 4
## 66 64.0 175 4.6 83 7 5
## 67 40.0 314 10.9 83 7 6
## 68 77.0 276 5.1 88 7 7
## 69 97.0 267 6.3 92 7 8
## 70 97.0 272 5.7 92 7 9
## 71 85.0 175 7.4 89 7 10
## 72 31.5 139 8.6 82 7 11
## 73 10.0 264 14.3 73 7 12
## 74 27.0 175 14.9 81 7 13
## 75 31.5 291 14.9 91 7 14
## 76 7.0 48 14.3 80 7 15
## 77 48.0 260 6.9 81 7 16
## 78 35.0 274 10.3 82 7 17
## 79 61.0 285 6.3 84 7 18
## 80 79.0 187 5.1 87 7 19
## 81 63.0 220 11.5 85 7 20
## 82 16.0 7 6.9 74 7 21
## 83 31.5 258 9.7 81 7 22
## 84 31.5 295 11.5 82 7 23
## 85 80.0 294 8.6 86 7 24
## 86 108.0 223 8.0 85 7 25
## 87 20.0 81 8.6 82 7 26
## 88 52.0 82 12.0 86 7 27
## 89 82.0 213 7.4 88 7 28
## 90 50.0 275 7.4 86 7 29
## 91 64.0 253 7.4 83 7 30
## 92 59.0 254 9.2 81 7 31
## 93 39.0 83 6.9 81 8 1
## 94 9.0 24 13.8 81 8 2
## 95 16.0 77 7.4 82 8 3
## 96 78.0 205 6.9 86 8 4
## 97 35.0 205 7.4 85 8 5
## 98 66.0 205 4.6 87 8 6
## 99 122.0 255 4.0 89 8 7
## 100 89.0 229 10.3 90 8 8
## 101 110.0 207 8.0 90 8 9
## 102 31.5 222 8.6 92 8 10
## 103 31.5 137 11.5 86 8 11
## 104 44.0 192 11.5 86 8 12
## 105 28.0 273 11.5 82 8 13
## 106 65.0 157 9.7 80 8 14
## 107 31.5 64 11.5 79 8 15
## 108 22.0 71 10.3 77 8 16
## 109 59.0 51 6.3 79 8 17
## 110 23.0 115 7.4 76 8 18
## 111 31.0 244 10.9 78 8 19
## 112 44.0 190 10.3 78 8 20
## 113 21.0 259 15.5 77 8 21
## 114 9.0 36 14.3 72 8 22
## 115 31.5 255 12.6 75 8 23
## 116 45.0 212 9.7 79 8 24
## 117 168.0 238 3.4 81 8 25
## 118 73.0 215 8.0 86 8 26
## 119 31.5 153 5.7 88 8 27
## 120 76.0 203 9.7 97 8 28
## 121 118.0 225 2.3 94 8 29
## 122 84.0 237 6.3 96 8 30
## 123 85.0 188 6.3 94 8 31
## 124 96.0 167 6.9 91 9 1
## 125 78.0 197 5.1 92 9 2
## 126 73.0 183 2.8 93 9 3
## 127 91.0 189 4.6 93 9 4
## 128 47.0 95 7.4 87 9 5
## 129 32.0 92 15.5 84 9 6
## 130 20.0 252 10.9 80 9 7
## 131 23.0 220 10.3 78 9 8
## 132 21.0 230 10.9 75 9 9
## 133 24.0 259 9.7 73 9 10
## 134 44.0 236 14.9 81 9 11
## 135 21.0 259 15.5 76 9 12
## 136 28.0 238 6.3 77 9 13
## 137 9.0 24 10.9 71 9 14
## 138 13.0 112 11.5 71 9 15
## 139 46.0 237 6.9 78 9 16
## 140 18.0 224 13.8 67 9 17
## 141 13.0 27 10.3 76 9 18
## 142 24.0 238 10.3 68 9 19
## 143 16.0 201 8.0 82 9 20
## 144 13.0 238 12.6 64 9 21
## 145 23.0 14 9.2 71 9 22
## 146 36.0 139 10.3 81 9 23
## 147 7.0 49 10.3 69 9 24
## 148 14.0 20 16.6 63 9 25
## 149 30.0 193 6.9 70 9 26
## 150 31.5 145 13.2 77 9 27
## 151 14.0 191 14.3 75 9 28
## 152 18.0 131 8.0 76 9 29
## 153 20.0 223 11.5 68 9 30colSums(is.na(airquality))## Ozone Solar.R Wind Temp Month Day
## 0 0 0 0 0 0