Basic Statistics Lab

Load Libraries

# remember, you might need to install packages

library(psych) # for the describe() command
library(expss) # for the cross_cases() command

Load Data

d <- read.csv(file="Data/mydata.csv", header=T)
names(d)

[1] "income"           "edu"              "socmeduse"        "stress"          
[5] "moa_independence" "support"         

Univariate Plots: Histograms & Tables

table(d$income)

         1 low       2 middle         3 high rather not say 
           857            867            520            832 

table(d$edu)

     1 High school diploma or less, and NO COLLEGE 
                                                53 
                            2 Currently in college 
                                              2495 
3 Completed some college, but no longer in college 
                                                34 
                  4 Complete 2 year College degree 
                                               175 
                      5 Completed Bachelors Degree 
                                               132 
                 6 Currently in graduate education 
                                               131 
                  7 Completed some graduate degree 
                                                56 

hist(d$socmeduse)

hist(d$stress)

hist(d$moa_independence)

hist(d$support)

Univariate Normality

Check skew and kurtosis.

describe(d)

                 vars    n  mean   sd median trimmed  mad  min  max range  skew
income*             1 3076  2.43 1.16   2.00    2.41 1.48  1.0  4.0   3.0  0.15
edu*                2 3076  2.50 1.24   2.00    2.17 0.00  1.0  7.0   6.0  2.22
socmeduse           3 3076 34.44 8.59  35.00   34.72 7.41 11.0 55.0  44.0 -0.32
stress              4 3076  3.05 0.60   3.00    3.05 0.59  1.3  4.7   3.4  0.03
moa_independence    5 3076  3.54 0.46   3.67    3.61 0.49  1.0  4.0   3.0 -1.44
support             6 3076  5.54 1.12   5.75    5.66 0.99  0.0  7.0   7.0 -1.10
                 kurtosis   se
income*             -1.43 0.02
edu*                 3.82 0.02
socmeduse            0.26 0.15
stress              -0.16 0.01
moa_independence     2.52 0.01
support              1.46 0.02

Bivariate Plots

Crosstabs

cross_cases(d, income, edu)

	edu
	1 High school diploma or less, and NO COLLEGE	2 Currently in college	3 Completed some college, but no longer in college	4 Complete 2 year College degree	5 Completed Bachelors Degree	6 Currently in graduate education	7 Completed some graduate degree
income
1 low	19	615	14	73	54	64	18
2 middle	8	721	14	42	36	25	21
3 high	6	458	2	24	16	8	6
rather not say	20	701	4	36	26	34	11
#Total cases	53	2495	34	175	132	131	56

Scatterplots

plot(d$socmeduse, d$stress,
     main="Scatterplot of Social Media Use and Stress",
     xlab = "Social Media Use",
     ylab = "Stress")

plot(d$socmeduse, d$moa_independence,
     main="Scatterplot of Social Media Use and Independence",
     xlab = "Social Media Use",
     ylab = "Independence")

plot(d$socmeduse, d$support,
     main="Scatterplot of Social Media Use and Social Support",
     xlab = "Social Media Use",
     ylab = "Social Support")

plot(d$stress, d$moa_independence,
     main="Scatterplot of Stress and Independence",
     xlab = "Stress",
     ylab = "Independence")

plot(d$stress, d$support,
     main="Scatterplot of Stress and Social Support",
     xlab = "Stress",
     ylab = "Social Support")

plot(d$moa_independence, d$support,
     main="Scatterplot of Independence and Social Support",
     xlab = "Independence",
     ylab = "Social Support")

Boxplots

boxplot(data=d, stress~income,
        main="Boxplot of Stress and Income",
        xlab = "Income",
        ylab = "Stress")

boxplot(data=d, moa_independence~income,
        main="Boxplot of Independence and Income",
        xlab = "Income",
        ylab = "Independence")

Write-Up

We reviewed plots and descriptive statistics for our six chosen variables. The independence variable had issues with kurtosis with a score of 2.52, making it kurtotic. The other variables of social media use, stress, and social support had skew and kurtosis within the accepted range (-2/+2).