FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ANXIETY

#Clear R environment
rm(list=ls())
#Working directory
setwd("C:/Users/USER/Desktop/Portfolio")
#Import dataset
library(readr)
Anxiety <- read_csv("Anxiety.csv")

Rows: 12000 Columns: 20
── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Delimiter: ","
chr  (7): Gender, Occupation, Smoking, Family History of Anxiety, Dizziness,...
dbl (13): ID, Age, Sleep Hours, Physical Activity (hrs/week), Caffeine Intak...

ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.

**Data cleaning

Anxiety$Gender<-as.factor(Anxiety$Gender)
Anxiety$Occupation<-as.factor(Anxiety$Occupation)
Anxiety$Smoking<-as.factor(Anxiety$Smoking)
Anxiety$`Family History of Anxiety`<-as.factor(Anxiety$`Family History of Anxiety`)
Anxiety$Dizziness<-as.factor(Anxiety$Dizziness)
Anxiety$Medication<-as.factor(Anxiety$Medication)
Anxiety$`Recent Major Life Event`<-as.factor(Anxiety$`Recent Major Life Event`)

Explanatory Data Analysis for categorical variables

library(tidyverse)

── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
✔ dplyr     1.1.4     ✔ purrr     1.0.2
✔ forcats   1.0.0     ✔ stringr   1.5.1
✔ ggplot2   3.5.0     ✔ tibble    3.2.1
✔ lubridate 1.9.3     ✔ tidyr     1.3.1
── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
✖ dplyr::lag()    masks stats::lag()
ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errors

library(summarytools)

Attaching package: 'summarytools'

The following object is masked from 'package:tibble':

    view

Univariate Analysis for categorical variables

Tables

freq(Anxiety$Gender,report.nas = FALSE)

Frequencies  
Anxiety$Gender  
Type: Factor  

                Freq        %   % Cum.
------------ ------- -------- --------
      Female    5809    48.41    48.41
        Male    5723    47.69    96.10
       Other     468     3.90   100.00
       Total   12000   100.00   100.00

freq(Anxiety$`Family History of Anxiety`,report.nas = FALSE)

Frequencies  
Anxiety$`Family History of Anxiety`  
Type: Factor  

               Freq        %   % Cum.
----------- ------- -------- --------
         No    7179    59.82    59.82
        Yes    4821    40.17   100.00
      Total   12000   100.00   100.00

freq(Anxiety$Occupation,report.nas = FALSE)

Frequencies  
Anxiety$Occupation  
Type: Factor  

                    Freq        %   % Cum.
---------------- ------- -------- --------
          Doctor    2004    16.70    16.70
        Engineer    1953    16.28    32.98
           Other    1971    16.43    49.40
         Student    1953    16.28    65.68
         Teacher    1980    16.50    82.18
      Unemployed    2139    17.82   100.00
           Total   12000   100.00   100.00

freq(Anxiety$Smoking,report.nas = FALSE)

Frequencies  
Anxiety$Smoking  
Type: Factor  

               Freq        %   % Cum.
----------- ------- -------- --------
         No    8417    70.14    70.14
        Yes    3583    29.86   100.00
      Total   12000   100.00   100.00

freq(Anxiety$Dizziness,report.nas = FALSE)

Frequencies  
Anxiety$Dizziness  
Type: Factor  

               Freq        %   % Cum.
----------- ------- -------- --------
         No    8406    70.05    70.05
        Yes    3594    29.95   100.00
      Total   12000   100.00   100.00

Simple Bar charts

Counts<-table(Anxiety$Gender)
barplot(Counts,
        main="Counts of Gender",
        xlab="Gender",
        ylab="frequency",
        legend=rownames(count),
        col=c("red","blue","green"))

Anxiety%>%
  mutate(Occupation=fct_infreq(Occupation))%>%
  mutate(Occupation=fct_rev(Occupation))%>%
  ggplot(aes(Occupation))+
  geom_bar(fill="blue")+
  theme()+
  theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
        panel.grid.minor = element_blank())+
labs(title = "Simple barchart showing occupational status",
     x="Occupation",
     y="Frequency")

Counts<-table(Anxiety$`Family History of Anxiety`)
barplot(Counts,
        main="Counts of Family History Anxiety",
        xlab="Family History of Anxiety",
        ylab="frequency",
        legend=rownames(count),
        col=c("red","blue"))

counts<-table(Anxiety$Dizziness)
barplot(Counts,
        main="Counts of Dizziness",
        xlab="Dizziness",
        ylab="frequency",
        legend=rownames(count),
        col=c("red","blue"))

counts<-table(Anxiety$Smoking)
barplot(Counts,
        main="Cigarrete smokers",
        xlab="Smoking",
        ylab="frequency",
        legend=rownames(count),
        col=c("red","blue"))

ounts<-table(Anxiety$Medication)
barplot(Counts,
        main="counts of Medication",
        xlab="Medication",
        ylab="frequency",
        legend=rownames(count),
        col=c("red","blue"))

Bivariate Analysis

Association between categorical variables using chi square test of independent .

Outcome variable:Family history of anxiety

ctable(
  x=Anxiety$Gender,
  y=Anxiety$`Family History of Anxiety`,
  chisq = TRUE,
  headings=FALSE
)

-------- --------------------------- -------------- -------------- ----------------
           Family History of Anxiety             No            Yes            Total
  Gender                                                                           
  Female                               3498 (60.2%)   2311 (39.8%)    5809 (100.0%)
    Male                               3426 (59.9%)   2297 (40.1%)    5723 (100.0%)
   Other                                255 (54.5%)    213 (45.5%)     468 (100.0%)
   Total                               7179 (59.8%)   4821 (40.2%)   12000 (100.0%)
-------- --------------------------- -------------- -------------- ----------------

----------------------------
 Chi.squared   df   p.value 
------------- ---- ---------
   5.9228      2    0.0517  
----------------------------

ctable(
  x=Anxiety$Occupation,
  y=Anxiety$`Family History of Anxiety`,
  chisq = TRUE,
  headings=FALSE
)

------------ --------------------------- -------------- -------------- ----------------
               Family History of Anxiety             No            Yes            Total
  Occupation                                                                           
      Doctor                               1186 (59.2%)    818 (40.8%)    2004 (100.0%)
    Engineer                               1178 (60.3%)    775 (39.7%)    1953 (100.0%)
       Other                               1184 (60.1%)    787 (39.9%)    1971 (100.0%)
     Student                               1172 (60.0%)    781 (40.0%)    1953 (100.0%)
     Teacher                               1164 (58.8%)    816 (41.2%)    1980 (100.0%)
  Unemployed                               1295 (60.5%)    844 (39.5%)    2139 (100.0%)
       Total                               7179 (59.8%)   4821 (40.2%)   12000 (100.0%)
------------ --------------------------- -------------- -------------- ----------------

----------------------------
 Chi.squared   df   p.value 
------------- ---- ---------
   1.9637      5    0.8541  
----------------------------

ctable(
  x=Anxiety$Smoking,
  y=Anxiety$`Family History of Anxiety`,
  chisq = TRUE,
  headings=FALSE
)

--------- --------------------------- -------------- -------------- ----------------
            Family History of Anxiety             No            Yes            Total
  Smoking                                                                           
       No                               5030 (59.8%)   3387 (40.2%)    8417 (100.0%)
      Yes                               2149 (60.0%)   1434 (40.0%)    3583 (100.0%)
    Total                               7179 (59.8%)   4821 (40.2%)   12000 (100.0%)
--------- --------------------------- -------------- -------------- ----------------

----------------------------
 Chi.squared   df   p.value 
------------- ---- ---------
   0.0409      1    0.8397  
----------------------------

ctable(
  x=Anxiety$Dizziness,
  y=Anxiety$`Family History of Anxiety`,
  chisq = TRUE,
  headings=FALSE
)

----------- --------------------------- -------------- -------------- ----------------
              Family History of Anxiety             No            Yes            Total
  Dizziness                                                                           
         No                               4995 (59.4%)   3411 (40.6%)    8406 (100.0%)
        Yes                               2184 (60.8%)   1410 (39.2%)    3594 (100.0%)
      Total                               7179 (59.8%)   4821 (40.2%)   12000 (100.0%)
----------- --------------------------- -------------- -------------- ----------------

----------------------------
 Chi.squared   df   p.value 
------------- ---- ---------
   1.8424      1    0.1747  
----------------------------

ctable(
  x=Anxiety$Medication,
  y=Anxiety$`Family History of Anxiety`,
  chisq = TRUE,
  headings=FALSE
)

------------ --------------------------- -------------- -------------- ----------------
               Family History of Anxiety             No            Yes            Total
  Medication                                                                           
          No                               5764 (60.0%)   3841 (40.0%)    9605 (100.0%)
         Yes                               1415 (59.1%)    980 (40.9%)    2395 (100.0%)
       Total                               7179 (59.8%)   4821 (40.2%)   12000 (100.0%)
------------ --------------------------- -------------- -------------- ----------------

----------------------------
 Chi.squared   df   p.value 
------------- ---- ---------
   0.6502      1     0.42   
----------------------------

Explanatory Data Analysis for continuous variables

Univariate Analysis

Sstat<-Anxiety%>%
  select(Age,`Sleep Hours`,`Physical Activity (hrs/week)`,`Caffeine Intake (mg/day)`,`Alcohol Consumption (drinks/week)`,`Stress Level (1-10)`,`Heart Rate (bpm during attack)`,`Breathing Rate (breaths/min)`,`Sweating Level (1-5)`,`Therapy Sessions (per month)`,`Diet Quality (1-10)`,`Severity of Anxiety Attack (1-10)`)

library(psych)

Attaching package: 'psych'

The following objects are masked from 'package:ggplot2':

    %+%, alpha

Summary Statistics for continuous variables

describe(Sstat)

                                  vars     n   mean     sd median trimmed
Age                                  1 12000  40.97  13.47   41.0   40.96
Sleep Hours                          2 12000   6.48   2.01    6.5    6.48
Physical Activity (hrs/week)         3 12000   5.03   2.89    5.0    5.04
Caffeine Intake (mg/day)             4 12000 246.70 144.49  244.0  246.23
Alcohol Consumption (drinks/week)    5 12000   9.49   5.77    9.0    9.49
Stress Level (1-10)                  6 12000   5.46   2.90    5.0    5.45
Heart Rate (bpm during attack)       7 12000 119.40  34.81  119.0  119.39
Breathing Rate (breaths/min)         8 12000  25.46   8.09   25.0   25.45
Sweating Level (1-5)                 9 12000   2.99   1.41    3.0    2.98
Therapy Sessions (per month)        10 12000   4.52   2.87    5.0    4.52
Diet Quality (1-10)                 11 12000   5.50   2.87    5.0    5.49
Severity of Anxiety Attack (1-10)   12 12000   5.51   2.86    6.0    5.51
                                     mad min max range  skew kurtosis   se
Age                                17.79  18  64    46  0.01    -1.18 0.12
Sleep Hours                         2.52   3  10     7  0.02    -1.18 0.02
Physical Activity (hrs/week)        3.71   0  10    10 -0.01    -1.20 0.03
Caffeine Intake (mg/day)          185.32   0 499   499  0.02    -1.20 1.32
Alcohol Consumption (drinks/week)   7.41   0  19    19  0.01    -1.20 0.05
Stress Level (1-10)                 4.45   1  10     9  0.01    -1.24 0.03
Heart Rate (bpm during attack)     44.48  60 179   119  0.00    -1.22 0.32
Breathing Rate (breaths/min)       10.38  12  39    27  0.01    -1.21 0.07
Sweating Level (1-5)                1.48   1   5     4  0.01    -1.30 0.01
Therapy Sessions (per month)        2.97   0   9     9  0.01    -1.21 0.03
Diet Quality (1-10)                 2.97   1  10     9  0.01    -1.22 0.03
Severity of Anxiety Attack (1-10)   2.97   1  10     9 -0.01    -1.21 0.03

Relationship between continuous variables

library(corrplot)

corrplot 0.95 loaded

corr <-Anxiety%>% 
  select(Age,`Sleep Hours`,`Physical Activity (hrs/week)`,`Caffeine Intake (mg/day)`,`Alcohol Consumption (drinks/week)`) %>% 
  replace(is.na(.), 0)
correlation = cor(corr)
corrplot(correlation, type="upper", method="color", addCoef.col = "black")

Normality test

#Age
ggplot(Anxiety,aes(x=Age))+
  geom_histogram(fill="blue",color="white")+
  geom_vline(aes(xintercept=mean(Age)),color="black",
             linewidth=1,linetype="dashed")

`stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

#Sleeping Hours
ggplot(Anxiety,aes(`Sleep Hours`))+
  geom_histogram(fill="blue",color="white")+
  geom_vline(aes(xintercept=mean(`Sleep Hours`)),color="black",
             linewidth=1,linetype="dashed")

`stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

ggplot(Anxiety,aes(`Physical Activity (hrs/week)`))+
  geom_histogram(fill="blue",color="white")+
  geom_vline(aes(xintercept=mean(`Physical Activity (hrs/week)`)),color="black",
             linewidth=1,linetype="dashed")

`stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

ggplot(Anxiety,aes(`Caffeine Intake (mg/day)`))+
  geom_histogram(fill="blue",color="white")+
  geom_vline(aes(xintercept=mean(`Caffeine Intake (mg/day)`)),color="black",
             linewidth=1,linetype="dashed")

`stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

Histogram of Breathing rate

ggplot(Anxiety,aes(Anxiety$`Breathing Rate (breaths/min)`))+
  geom_histogram(fill="blue",color="white")+
  geom_vline(aes(xintercept=mean(`Breathing Rate (breaths/min)`)),color="black",
             linewidth=1,linetype="dashed")

`stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

EDA between categorical variables and continuous variables

ggplot(Anxiety,aes(Gender,Age,fill=Gender))+
  geom_boxplot(show.legend = FALSE)+
  facet_wrap(~`Family History of Anxiety`)+
  theme_bw()+
  labs(title="Age and gender distribution among families with history of anxiety",y="Age in years")

ggplot(Anxiety,aes(Gender,`Sleep Hours`,fill=Gender))+
  geom_boxplot(show.legend = FALSE)+
  facet_wrap(~`Family History of Anxiety`)+
  theme_bw()+
  labs(title="Sleeping hours and gender distribution among families with history of anxiety",y="Sleeping hours")