Analysing the article [Marriage Isn’t Dead _ Yet]
(https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/marriage-isnt-dead-yet/)by Ben Casselman.
This article examines historical marriage rate patterns and uses statistical analysis to assess if marriage is indeed on the declining. The article emphasizes that marriage is changing rather than diminishing, even if marriage rates have decreased in recent decades. Marriage patterns are influenced by a number of factors, including cultural changes, educational attainment, and economic situations. Casselman emphasizes that even if fewer people are getting married, marriage is still a major institution by using statistics to show differences among states and demographics. Instead of presuming that marriage is declining, the article promotes a closer examination of the factors influencing these shifts. The analysis gives a more accurate picture of the situation by comparing various factors to those of recent years versus the
library(tidyverse)## ── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
## ✔ dplyr 1.1.4 ✔ readr 2.1.5
## ✔ forcats 1.0.0 ✔ stringr 1.5.1
## ✔ ggplot2 3.5.1 ✔ tibble 3.2.1
## ✔ lubridate 1.9.4 ✔ tidyr 1.3.1
## ✔ purrr 1.0.2
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## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
## ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errorslibrary(dplyr)
library(openintro)## Loading required package: airports
## Loading required package: cherryblossom
## Loading required package: usdatalibrary(cherryblossom)
library(usdata)
library(readr)
library(ggplot2)marriage_data<- read.csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fivethirtyeight/data/refs/heads/master/marriage/both_sexes.csv")
divorce_data<- read.csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fivethirtyeight/data/refs/heads/master/marriage/divorce.csv")
head(marriage_data)## X year date all_2534 HS_2534 SC_2534 BAp_2534 BAo_2534 GD_2534
## 1 1 1960 1960-01-01 0.1233145 0.1095332 0.1522818 0.2389952 0.2389952 NA
## 2 2 1970 1970-01-01 0.1269715 0.1094000 0.1495096 0.2187031 0.2187031 NA
## 3 3 1980 1980-01-01 0.1991767 0.1617313 0.2236916 0.2881646 0.2881646 NA
## 4 4 1990 1990-01-01 0.2968306 0.2777491 0.2780912 0.3612968 0.3656655 0.3474505
## 5 5 2000 2000-01-01 0.3450087 0.3316545 0.3249205 0.3874906 0.3939579 0.3691740
## 6 6 2001 2001-01-01 0.3527767 0.3446069 0.3341101 0.3835686 0.3925148 0.3590304
## White_2534 Black_2534 Hisp_2534 NE_2534 MA_2534 Midwest_2534 South_2534
## 1 0.1164848 0.1621855 0.1393736 0.1504184 0.1628934 0.1121467 0.1090562
## 2 0.1179043 0.1855163 0.1298769 0.1517231 0.1640680 0.1153741 0.1126220
## 3 0.1824126 0.3137500 0.1885440 0.2414327 0.2505925 0.1828339 0.1688435
## 4 0.2639256 0.4838556 0.2962372 0.3500384 0.3623321 0.2755046 0.2639794
## 5 0.3127149 0.5144994 0.3180681 0.4091852 0.4175565 0.3308022 0.3099712
## 6 0.3183506 0.5437985 0.3321214 0.4200581 0.4294281 0.3344332 0.3182688
## Mountain_2534 Pacific_2534 poor_2534 mid_2534 rich_2534 all_3544
## 1 0.09152117 0.1198758 0.1371597 0.07514929 0.2066776 0.07058157
## 2 0.10293602 0.1374964 0.1717202 0.08159207 0.1724093 0.06732520
## 3 0.17434230 0.2334279 0.3100591 0.14825303 0.1851082 0.06883378
## 4 0.25264326 0.3319579 0.4199108 0.24320008 0.2783226 0.11191800
## 5 0.30621032 0.3753061 0.5033676 0.30202036 0.2717386 0.15605881
## 6 0.30980779 0.3844799 0.5178771 0.31716118 0.2532041 0.15642529
## HS_3544 SC_3544 BAp_3544 BAo_3544 GD_3544 White_3544 Black_3544
## 1 0.06860309 0.06663695 0.1326265 0.1326265 NA 0.06825586 0.08836728
## 2 0.06511964 0.06271724 0.1116899 0.1116899 NA 0.06250372 0.10290904
## 3 0.06429102 0.06531333 0.1056102 0.1056102 NA 0.05966739 0.13140081
## 4 0.11210043 0.09699372 0.1285172 0.1258567 0.1328018 0.09611312 0.22010298
## 5 0.16993703 0.13800404 0.1541238 0.1536299 0.1550970 0.13207032 0.30239381
## 6 0.16870156 0.13986044 0.1548151 0.1524923 0.1595169 0.13287455 0.30857796
## Hisp_3544 NE_3544 MA_3544 Midwest_3544 South_3544 Mountain_3544
## 1 0.07307651 0.09194322 0.09347468 0.06863360 0.06026353 0.04739747
## 2 0.07070500 0.08570110 0.09040725 0.06156272 0.05966057 0.04651163
## 3 0.08110790 0.07997323 0.09744428 0.06070641 0.05914089 0.04880077
## 4 0.12194206 0.12785915 0.14354989 0.10157576 0.09637035 0.09189904
## 5 0.15469520 0.17327422 0.18819256 0.14539201 0.14230600 0.13584194
## 6 0.14953050 0.16653497 0.18315109 0.14794407 0.14312592 0.13943820
## Pacific_3544 poor_3544 mid_3544 rich_3544 all_4554 HS_4554 SC_4554
## 1 0.05822486 0.1019749 0.04717272 0.08553870 0.07254649 0.06840792 0.07903755
## 2 0.06347796 0.1117548 0.04566838 0.06499159 0.05968794 0.05833439 0.05443478
## 3 0.07552538 0.1291426 0.05050321 0.04445951 0.05250871 0.05036563 0.04816180
## 4 0.13134638 0.2012208 0.09024739 0.06573916 0.05947824 0.05988244 0.04654087
## 5 0.17480047 0.2813137 0.12815751 0.08622046 0.08804394 0.09442809 0.07558786
## 6 0.17694864 0.2919112 0.13267625 0.06803283 0.08823342 0.09189007 0.07795481
## BAp_4554 BAo_4554 GD_4554 White_4554 Black_4554 Hisp_4554 NE_4554
## 1 0.15360889 0.15360889 NA 0.07246692 0.06913249 0.06636058 0.10236412
## 2 0.10466047 0.10466047 NA 0.05754799 0.07899168 0.05810740 0.08028082
## 3 0.08623774 0.08623774 NA 0.04765354 0.08624602 0.06522951 0.06930253
## 4 0.07301884 0.06416529 0.08394886 0.05092552 0.11617699 0.07613556 0.07047502
## 5 0.09208417 0.09097472 0.09362802 0.07578174 0.17587334 0.09418009 0.10232170
## 6 0.09333365 0.09313480 0.09362876 0.07516912 0.18154531 0.09409896 0.09868408
## MA_4554 Midwest_4554 South_4554 Mountain_4554 Pacific_4554 poor_4554
## 1 0.09264788 0.07285321 0.05977295 0.04754183 0.05996993 0.1030055
## 2 0.07860635 0.05791163 0.05174462 0.03970134 0.04826312 0.1016489
## 3 0.07508466 0.04807290 0.04485348 0.03374438 0.04958992 0.1003011
## 4 0.08373134 0.05398391 0.05043636 0.04459411 0.06461875 0.1148335
## 5 0.11269659 0.08302437 0.07631858 0.07637774 0.09896832 0.1718976
## 6 0.10953635 0.08207629 0.07886513 0.07405971 0.10119511 0.1759369
## mid_4554 rich_4554 nokids_all_2534 kids_all_2534 nokids_HS_2534
## 1 0.05364421 0.07908591 0.4640564 0.002820625 0.4430148
## 2 0.04221637 0.05142867 0.4309043 0.009868596 0.4246779
## 3 0.03830266 0.03311296 0.4464304 0.025285667 0.4319342
## 4 0.04562332 0.03136386 0.5425242 0.060277451 0.5464881
## 5 0.07055672 0.03897342 0.5714531 0.099472713 0.5711395
## 6 0.07407508 0.02857320 0.5852213 0.110178467 0.6045475
## nokids_SC_2534 nokids_BAp_2534 nokids_BAo_2534 nokids_GD_2534 kids_HS_2534
## 1 0.5000402 0.5619099 0.5619099 NA 0.003318886
## 2 0.4333479 0.4554766 0.4554766 NA 0.012465915
## 3 0.4505900 0.4719700 0.4719700 NA 0.031930752
## 4 0.5238446 0.5560765 0.5633301 0.5332628 0.078470444
## 5 0.5700042 0.5729677 0.5862213 0.5367160 0.127193577
## 6 0.5810912 0.5698644 0.5864967 0.5258800 0.141395652
## kids_SC_2534 kids_BAp_2534 kids_BAo_2534 kids_GD_2534 nokids_poor_2534
## 1 0.001150824 0.0005751073 0.0005751073 NA 0.4933061
## 2 0.003699982 0.0014683425 0.0014683425 NA 0.5097742
## 3 0.018135401 0.0062544364 0.0062544364 NA 0.5740402
## 4 0.052032702 0.0171241042 0.0181766027 0.01374234 0.6546908
## 5 0.097625310 0.0370024452 0.0401009875 0.02761467 0.7055451
## 6 0.110030662 0.0399801447 0.0445838012 0.02645041 0.7147334
## nokids_mid_2534 nokids_rich_2534 kids_poor_2534 kids_mid_2534 kids_rich_2534
## 1 0.4100080 0.4921184 0.008722711 0.0007532065 0.0008027331
## 2 0.3764538 0.4288948 0.029974945 0.0033771145 0.0030435661
## 3 0.3998250 0.3848089 0.077926214 0.0102368871 0.0068317224
## 4 0.5186604 0.4750156 0.170763774 0.0274655254 0.0182329127
## 5 0.5690228 0.4458023 0.256281918 0.0597845173 0.0295644698
## 6 0.5864741 0.4461111 0.280146488 0.0677954572 0.0336540502head(divorce_data)## X year date all_3544 HS_3544 SC_3544 BAp_3544 BAo_3544
## 1 1 1960 1960-01-01 0.03444454 0.03488887 0.03366938 0.02751277 0.02751277
## 2 2 1970 1970-01-01 0.04925600 0.04999984 0.04870549 0.04125945 0.04125945
## 3 3 1980 1980-01-01 0.10600503 0.10415128 0.11269947 0.09777208 0.09777208
## 4 4 1990 1990-01-01 0.15080495 0.15938095 0.16967005 0.11495533 0.11853432
## 5 5 2000 2000-01-01 0.15684099 0.17544616 0.17380324 0.10561772 0.11053969
## 6 6 2001 2001-01-01 0.15730639 0.17411604 0.17816906 0.10703886 0.11186064
## GD_3544 poor_3544 mid_3544 rich_3544 all_4554 HS_4554 SC_4554
## 1 NA 0.07195136 0.02122530 0.02256233 0.03965056 0.04007142 0.03870331
## 2 NA 0.11373582 0.03030104 0.02192707 0.05062562 0.05056576 0.05147270
## 3 NA 0.24164705 0.07367154 0.03501521 0.08818511 0.08566351 0.09500947
## 4 0.10914537 0.32694839 0.11190969 0.04972527 0.14572572 0.14077914 0.16633103
## 5 0.09590347 0.34308859 0.11658371 0.04939497 0.17958060 0.18477676 0.20110350
## 6 0.09719692 0.34283554 0.12278063 0.04057431 0.18265130 0.19023658 0.20573707
## BAp_4554 BAo_4554 GD_4554 poor_4554 mid_4554 rich_4554
## 1 0.03188568 0.03188568 NA 0.07537252 0.02933657 0.02350489
## 2 0.04831053 0.04831053 NA 0.11249624 0.03386947 0.02123280
## 3 0.09103488 0.09103488 NA 0.19867321 0.06300866 0.02791567
## 4 0.13436974 0.13566093 0.1327413 0.30661378 0.11498064 0.04577501
## 5 0.14904161 0.15369313 0.1425498 0.38213542 0.14224209 0.05152510
## 6 0.14863163 0.15326921 0.1417453 0.39003850 0.14651347 0.04522236dim(marriage_data)## [1] 17 75dim(divorce_data)## [1] 17 21merged_data <- merge(marriage_data, divorce_data, by = "year")
head(merged_data)## year X.x date.x all_2534 HS_2534 SC_2534 BAp_2534 BAo_2534
## 1 1960 1 1960-01-01 0.1233145 0.1095332 0.1522818 0.2389952 0.2389952
## 2 1970 2 1970-01-01 0.1269715 0.1094000 0.1495096 0.2187031 0.2187031
## 3 1980 3 1980-01-01 0.1991767 0.1617313 0.2236916 0.2881646 0.2881646
## 4 1990 4 1990-01-01 0.2968306 0.2777491 0.2780912 0.3612968 0.3656655
## 5 2000 5 2000-01-01 0.3450087 0.3316545 0.3249205 0.3874906 0.3939579
## 6 2001 6 2001-01-01 0.3527767 0.3446069 0.3341101 0.3835686 0.3925148
## GD_2534 White_2534 Black_2534 Hisp_2534 NE_2534 MA_2534 Midwest_2534
## 1 NA 0.1164848 0.1621855 0.1393736 0.1504184 0.1628934 0.1121467
## 2 NA 0.1179043 0.1855163 0.1298769 0.1517231 0.1640680 0.1153741
## 3 NA 0.1824126 0.3137500 0.1885440 0.2414327 0.2505925 0.1828339
## 4 0.3474505 0.2639256 0.4838556 0.2962372 0.3500384 0.3623321 0.2755046
## 5 0.3691740 0.3127149 0.5144994 0.3180681 0.4091852 0.4175565 0.3308022
## 6 0.3590304 0.3183506 0.5437985 0.3321214 0.4200581 0.4294281 0.3344332
## South_2534 Mountain_2534 Pacific_2534 poor_2534 mid_2534 rich_2534
## 1 0.1090562 0.09152117 0.1198758 0.1371597 0.07514929 0.2066776
## 2 0.1126220 0.10293602 0.1374964 0.1717202 0.08159207 0.1724093
## 3 0.1688435 0.17434230 0.2334279 0.3100591 0.14825303 0.1851082
## 4 0.2639794 0.25264326 0.3319579 0.4199108 0.24320008 0.2783226
## 5 0.3099712 0.30621032 0.3753061 0.5033676 0.30202036 0.2717386
## 6 0.3182688 0.30980779 0.3844799 0.5178771 0.31716118 0.2532041
## all_3544.x HS_3544.x SC_3544.x BAp_3544.x BAo_3544.x GD_3544.x White_3544
## 1 0.07058157 0.06860309 0.06663695 0.1326265 0.1326265 NA 0.06825586
## 2 0.06732520 0.06511964 0.06271724 0.1116899 0.1116899 NA 0.06250372
## 3 0.06883378 0.06429102 0.06531333 0.1056102 0.1056102 NA 0.05966739
## 4 0.11191800 0.11210043 0.09699372 0.1285172 0.1258567 0.1328018 0.09611312
## 5 0.15605881 0.16993703 0.13800404 0.1541238 0.1536299 0.1550970 0.13207032
## 6 0.15642529 0.16870156 0.13986044 0.1548151 0.1524923 0.1595169 0.13287455
## Black_3544 Hisp_3544 NE_3544 MA_3544 Midwest_3544 South_3544
## 1 0.08836728 0.07307651 0.09194322 0.09347468 0.06863360 0.06026353
## 2 0.10290904 0.07070500 0.08570110 0.09040725 0.06156272 0.05966057
## 3 0.13140081 0.08110790 0.07997323 0.09744428 0.06070641 0.05914089
## 4 0.22010298 0.12194206 0.12785915 0.14354989 0.10157576 0.09637035
## 5 0.30239381 0.15469520 0.17327422 0.18819256 0.14539201 0.14230600
## 6 0.30857796 0.14953050 0.16653497 0.18315109 0.14794407 0.14312592
## Mountain_3544 Pacific_3544 poor_3544.x mid_3544.x rich_3544.x all_4554.x
## 1 0.04739747 0.05822486 0.1019749 0.04717272 0.08553870 0.07254649
## 2 0.04651163 0.06347796 0.1117548 0.04566838 0.06499159 0.05968794
## 3 0.04880077 0.07552538 0.1291426 0.05050321 0.04445951 0.05250871
## 4 0.09189904 0.13134638 0.2012208 0.09024739 0.06573916 0.05947824
## 5 0.13584194 0.17480047 0.2813137 0.12815751 0.08622046 0.08804394
## 6 0.13943820 0.17694864 0.2919112 0.13267625 0.06803283 0.08823342
## HS_4554.x SC_4554.x BAp_4554.x BAo_4554.x GD_4554.x White_4554 Black_4554
## 1 0.06840792 0.07903755 0.15360889 0.15360889 NA 0.07246692 0.06913249
## 2 0.05833439 0.05443478 0.10466047 0.10466047 NA 0.05754799 0.07899168
## 3 0.05036563 0.04816180 0.08623774 0.08623774 NA 0.04765354 0.08624602
## 4 0.05988244 0.04654087 0.07301884 0.06416529 0.08394886 0.05092552 0.11617699
## 5 0.09442809 0.07558786 0.09208417 0.09097472 0.09362802 0.07578174 0.17587334
## 6 0.09189007 0.07795481 0.09333365 0.09313480 0.09362876 0.07516912 0.18154531
## Hisp_4554 NE_4554 MA_4554 Midwest_4554 South_4554 Mountain_4554
## 1 0.06636058 0.10236412 0.09264788 0.07285321 0.05977295 0.04754183
## 2 0.05810740 0.08028082 0.07860635 0.05791163 0.05174462 0.03970134
## 3 0.06522951 0.06930253 0.07508466 0.04807290 0.04485348 0.03374438
## 4 0.07613556 0.07047502 0.08373134 0.05398391 0.05043636 0.04459411
## 5 0.09418009 0.10232170 0.11269659 0.08302437 0.07631858 0.07637774
## 6 0.09409896 0.09868408 0.10953635 0.08207629 0.07886513 0.07405971
## Pacific_4554 poor_4554.x mid_4554.x rich_4554.x nokids_all_2534 kids_all_2534
## 1 0.05996993 0.1030055 0.05364421 0.07908591 0.4640564 0.002820625
## 2 0.04826312 0.1016489 0.04221637 0.05142867 0.4309043 0.009868596
## 3 0.04958992 0.1003011 0.03830266 0.03311296 0.4464304 0.025285667
## 4 0.06461875 0.1148335 0.04562332 0.03136386 0.5425242 0.060277451
## 5 0.09896832 0.1718976 0.07055672 0.03897342 0.5714531 0.099472713
## 6 0.10119511 0.1759369 0.07407508 0.02857320 0.5852213 0.110178467
## nokids_HS_2534 nokids_SC_2534 nokids_BAp_2534 nokids_BAo_2534 nokids_GD_2534
## 1 0.4430148 0.5000402 0.5619099 0.5619099 NA
## 2 0.4246779 0.4333479 0.4554766 0.4554766 NA
## 3 0.4319342 0.4505900 0.4719700 0.4719700 NA
## 4 0.5464881 0.5238446 0.5560765 0.5633301 0.5332628
## 5 0.5711395 0.5700042 0.5729677 0.5862213 0.5367160
## 6 0.6045475 0.5810912 0.5698644 0.5864967 0.5258800
## kids_HS_2534 kids_SC_2534 kids_BAp_2534 kids_BAo_2534 kids_GD_2534
## 1 0.003318886 0.001150824 0.0005751073 0.0005751073 NA
## 2 0.012465915 0.003699982 0.0014683425 0.0014683425 NA
## 3 0.031930752 0.018135401 0.0062544364 0.0062544364 NA
## 4 0.078470444 0.052032702 0.0171241042 0.0181766027 0.01374234
## 5 0.127193577 0.097625310 0.0370024452 0.0401009875 0.02761467
## 6 0.141395652 0.110030662 0.0399801447 0.0445838012 0.02645041
## nokids_poor_2534 nokids_mid_2534 nokids_rich_2534 kids_poor_2534
## 1 0.4933061 0.4100080 0.4921184 0.008722711
## 2 0.5097742 0.3764538 0.4288948 0.029974945
## 3 0.5740402 0.3998250 0.3848089 0.077926214
## 4 0.6546908 0.5186604 0.4750156 0.170763774
## 5 0.7055451 0.5690228 0.4458023 0.256281918
## 6 0.7147334 0.5864741 0.4461111 0.280146488
## kids_mid_2534 kids_rich_2534 X.y date.y all_3544.y HS_3544.y SC_3544.y
## 1 0.0007532065 0.0008027331 1 1960-01-01 0.03444454 0.03488887 0.03366938
## 2 0.0033771145 0.0030435661 2 1970-01-01 0.04925600 0.04999984 0.04870549
## 3 0.0102368871 0.0068317224 3 1980-01-01 0.10600503 0.10415128 0.11269947
## 4 0.0274655254 0.0182329127 4 1990-01-01 0.15080495 0.15938095 0.16967005
## 5 0.0597845173 0.0295644698 5 2000-01-01 0.15684099 0.17544616 0.17380324
## 6 0.0677954572 0.0336540502 6 2001-01-01 0.15730639 0.17411604 0.17816906
## BAp_3544.y BAo_3544.y GD_3544.y poor_3544.y mid_3544.y rich_3544.y
## 1 0.02751277 0.02751277 NA 0.07195136 0.02122530 0.02256233
## 2 0.04125945 0.04125945 NA 0.11373582 0.03030104 0.02192707
## 3 0.09777208 0.09777208 NA 0.24164705 0.07367154 0.03501521
## 4 0.11495533 0.11853432 0.10914537 0.32694839 0.11190969 0.04972527
## 5 0.10561772 0.11053969 0.09590347 0.34308859 0.11658371 0.04939497
## 6 0.10703886 0.11186064 0.09719692 0.34283554 0.12278063 0.04057431
## all_4554.y HS_4554.y SC_4554.y BAp_4554.y BAo_4554.y GD_4554.y poor_4554.y
## 1 0.03965056 0.04007142 0.03870331 0.03188568 0.03188568 NA 0.07537252
## 2 0.05062562 0.05056576 0.05147270 0.04831053 0.04831053 NA 0.11249624
## 3 0.08818511 0.08566351 0.09500947 0.09103488 0.09103488 NA 0.19867321
## 4 0.14572572 0.14077914 0.16633103 0.13436974 0.13566093 0.1327413 0.30661378
## 5 0.17958060 0.18477676 0.20110350 0.14904161 0.15369313 0.1425498 0.38213542
## 6 0.18265130 0.19023658 0.20573707 0.14863163 0.15326921 0.1417453 0.39003850
## mid_4554.y rich_4554.y
## 1 0.02933657 0.02350489
## 2 0.03386947 0.02123280
## 3 0.06300866 0.02791567
## 4 0.11498064 0.04577501
## 5 0.14224209 0.05152510
## 6 0.14651347 0.04522236colnames(divorce_data)## [1] "X" "year" "date" "all_3544" "HS_3544" "SC_3544"
## [7] "BAp_3544" "BAo_3544" "GD_3544" "poor_3544" "mid_3544" "rich_3544"
## [13] "all_4554" "HS_4554" "SC_4554" "BAp_4554" "BAo_4554" "GD_4554"
## [19] "poor_4554" "mid_4554" "rich_4554"colnames(divorce_data)## [1] "X" "year" "date" "all_3544" "HS_3544" "SC_3544"
## [7] "BAp_3544" "BAo_3544" "GD_3544" "poor_3544" "mid_3544" "rich_3544"
## [13] "all_4554" "HS_4554" "SC_4554" "BAp_4554" "BAo_4554" "GD_4554"
## [19] "poor_4554" "mid_4554" "rich_4554"colnames(divorce_data)[1] <- "year"
colnames(marriage_data)[1] <- "year"summary(marriage_data)## year year date all_2534
## Min. : 1 Min. :1960 Length:17 Min. :0.1233
## 1st Qu.: 5 1st Qu.:2000 Class :character 1st Qu.:0.3450
## Median : 9 Median :2004 Mode :character Median :0.3673
## Mean : 9 Mean :1999 Mean :0.3587
## 3rd Qu.:13 3rd Qu.:2008 3rd Qu.:0.4394
## Max. :17 Max. :2012 Max. :0.4943
##
## HS_2534 SC_2534 BAp_2534 BAo_2534
## Min. :0.1094 Min. :0.1495 Min. :0.2187 Min. :0.2187
## 1st Qu.:0.3317 1st Qu.:0.3249 1st Qu.:0.3774 1st Qu.:0.3871
## Median :0.3708 Median :0.3451 Median :0.3875 Median :0.4000
## Mean :0.3617 Mean :0.3481 Mean :0.3843 Mean :0.3968
## 3rd Qu.:0.4599 3rd Qu.:0.4235 3rd Qu.:0.4298 3rd Qu.:0.4474
## Max. :0.5235 Max. :0.4799 Max. :0.4766 Max. :0.5023
##
## GD_2534 White_2534 Black_2534 Hisp_2534
## Min. :0.3475 Min. :0.1165 Min. :0.1622 Min. :0.1299
## 1st Qu.:0.3523 1st Qu.:0.3127 1st Qu.:0.5145 1st Qu.:0.3181
## Median :0.3722 Median :0.3306 Median :0.5724 Median :0.3486
## Mean :0.3747 Mean :0.3259 Mean :0.5316 Mean :0.3466
## 3rd Qu.:0.3930 3rd Qu.:0.3983 3rd Qu.:0.6431 3rd Qu.:0.4286
## Max. :0.4165 Max. :0.4540 Max. :0.6847 Max. :0.4874
## NA's :3
## NE_2534 MA_2534 Midwest_2534 South_2534
## Min. :0.1504 Min. :0.1629 Min. :0.1121 Min. :0.1091
## 1st Qu.:0.4078 1st Qu.:0.4176 1st Qu.:0.3308 1st Qu.:0.3100
## Median :0.4491 Median :0.4494 Median :0.3524 Median :0.3342
## Mean :0.4191 Mean :0.4314 Mean :0.3420 Mean :0.3294
## 3rd Qu.:0.5095 3rd Qu.:0.5211 3rd Qu.:0.4192 3rd Qu.:0.4082
## Max. :0.5643 Max. :0.5754 Max. :0.4721 Max. :0.4650
##
## Mountain_2534 Pacific_2534 poor_2534 mid_2534
## Min. :0.09152 Min. :0.1199 Min. :0.1372 Min. :0.07515
## 1st Qu.:0.29687 1st Qu.:0.3753 1st Qu.:0.5034 1st Qu.:0.30202
## Median :0.31079 Median :0.3972 Median :0.5368 Median :0.33561
## Mean :0.31453 Mean :0.3863 Mean :0.5007 Mean :0.31765
## 3rd Qu.:0.40016 3rd Qu.:0.4724 3rd Qu.:0.6054 3rd Qu.:0.39423
## Max. :0.44282 Max. :0.5289 Max. :0.6532 Max. :0.45613
##
## rich_2534 all_3544 HS_3544 SC_3544
## Min. :0.1724 Min. :0.06733 Min. :0.06429 Min. :0.06272
## 1st Qu.:0.2523 1st Qu.:0.15606 1st Qu.:0.16870 1st Qu.:0.13800
## Median :0.2717 Median :0.16516 Median :0.18236 Median :0.14933
## Mean :0.2954 Mean :0.15918 Mean :0.18085 Mean :0.14520
## 3rd Qu.:0.3626 3rd Qu.:0.19842 3rd Qu.:0.23531 3rd Qu.:0.18053
## Max. :0.4106 Max. :0.21602 Max. :0.26876 Max. :0.20472
##
## BAp_3544 BAo_3544 GD_3544 White_3544
## Min. :0.1056 Min. :0.1056 Min. :0.1328 Min. :0.05967
## 1st Qu.:0.1541 1st Qu.:0.1525 1st Qu.:0.1550 1st Qu.:0.13207
## Median :0.1564 Median :0.1579 Median :0.1569 Median :0.13836
## Mean :0.1520 Mean :0.1535 Mean :0.1564 Mean :0.13339
## 3rd Qu.:0.1669 3rd Qu.:0.1705 3rd Qu.:0.1600 3rd Qu.:0.16386
## Max. :0.1690 Max. :0.1737 Max. :0.1656 Max. :0.17471
## NA's :3
## Black_3544 Hisp_3544 NE_3544 MA_3544
## Min. :0.08837 Min. :0.07071 Min. :0.07997 Min. :0.09041
## 1st Qu.:0.30239 1st Qu.:0.14953 1st Qu.:0.16653 1st Qu.:0.18315
## Median :0.32264 Median :0.16560 Median :0.18415 Median :0.19579
## Mean :0.30093 Mean :0.16446 Mean :0.17432 Mean :0.19272
## 3rd Qu.:0.37545 3rd Qu.:0.20685 3rd Qu.:0.21242 3rd Qu.:0.23815
## Max. :0.40443 Max. :0.23340 Max. :0.22782 Max. :0.25784
##
## Midwest_3544 South_3544 Mountain_3544 Pacific_3544
## Min. :0.06071 Min. :0.05914 Min. :0.04651 Min. :0.05822
## 1st Qu.:0.14539 1st Qu.:0.14231 1st Qu.:0.12944 1st Qu.:0.17480
## Median :0.15015 Median :0.15414 Median :0.14747 Median :0.18352
## Mean :0.14749 Mean :0.14617 Mean :0.13963 Mean :0.17585
## 3rd Qu.:0.18293 3rd Qu.:0.18092 3rd Qu.:0.18522 3rd Qu.:0.22688
## Max. :0.20167 Max. :0.20387 Max. :0.19704 Max. :0.23349
##
## poor_3544 mid_3544 rich_3544 all_4554
## Min. :0.1020 Min. :0.04567 Min. :0.04446 Min. :0.05251
## 1st Qu.:0.2813 1st Qu.:0.12816 1st Qu.:0.06803 1st Qu.:0.08804
## Median :0.3093 Median :0.14136 Median :0.08554 Median :0.10122
## Mean :0.2797 Mean :0.13390 Mean :0.08826 Mean :0.10324
## 3rd Qu.:0.3365 3rd Qu.:0.16897 3rd Qu.:0.11453 3rd Qu.:0.13152
## Max. :0.3697 Max. :0.18851 Max. :0.11757 Max. :0.14305
##
## HS_4554 SC_4554 BAp_4554 BAo_4554
## Min. :0.05037 Min. :0.04654 Min. :0.07302 Min. :0.06417
## 1st Qu.:0.09189 1st Qu.:0.07795 1st Qu.:0.09775 1st Qu.:0.09538
## Median :0.10788 Median :0.08964 Median :0.10675 Median :0.10663
## Mean :0.11405 Mean :0.09179 Mean :0.10790 Mean :0.10776
## 3rd Qu.:0.15373 3rd Qu.:0.11401 3rd Qu.:0.11859 3rd Qu.:0.12045
## Max. :0.17032 Max. :0.12700 Max. :0.15361 Max. :0.15361
##
## GD_4554 White_4554 Black_4554 Hisp_4554
## Min. :0.08395 Min. :0.04765 Min. :0.06913 Min. :0.05811
## 1st Qu.:0.09701 1st Qu.:0.07517 1st Qu.:0.17587 1st Qu.:0.09355
## Median :0.10925 Median :0.08645 Median :0.20771 Median :0.10121
## Mean :0.10636 Mean :0.08820 Mean :0.20300 Mean :0.10689
## 3rd Qu.:0.11582 3rd Qu.:0.11013 3rd Qu.:0.27099 3rd Qu.:0.13359
## Max. :0.11935 Max. :0.11796 Max. :0.29214 Max. :0.14990
## NA's :3
## NE_4554 MA_4554 Midwest_4554 South_4554
## Min. :0.0693 Min. :0.07508 Min. :0.04807 Min. :0.04485
## 1st Qu.:0.1023 1st Qu.:0.10954 1st Qu.:0.08208 1st Qu.:0.07632
## Median :0.1138 Median :0.12797 Median :0.09621 Median :0.08903
## Mean :0.1153 Mean :0.12808 Mean :0.09714 Mean :0.09330
## 3rd Qu.:0.1373 3rd Qu.:0.16163 3rd Qu.:0.12366 3rd Qu.:0.12089
## Max. :0.1522 Max. :0.16798 Max. :0.13430 Max. :0.13509
##
## Mountain_4554 Pacific_4554 poor_4554 mid_4554
## Min. :0.03374 Min. :0.04826 Min. :0.1003 Min. :0.03830
## 1st Qu.:0.07406 1st Qu.:0.09897 1st Qu.:0.1719 1st Qu.:0.07056
## Median :0.08817 Median :0.11306 Median :0.2013 Median :0.08577
## Mean :0.08776 Mean :0.11170 Mean :0.1941 Mean :0.08352
## 3rd Qu.:0.11741 3rd Qu.:0.14439 3rd Qu.:0.2456 3rd Qu.:0.10505
## Max. :0.13223 Max. :0.15909 Max. :0.2634 Max. :0.11853
##
## rich_4554 nokids_all_2534 kids_all_2534 nokids_HS_2534
## Min. :0.02857 Min. :0.4309 Min. :0.002821 Min. :0.4247
## 1st Qu.:0.03143 1st Qu.:0.5715 1st Qu.:0.099473 1st Qu.:0.5711
## Median :0.05143 Median :0.6004 Median :0.123881 Median :0.6274
## Mean :0.05107 Mean :0.5966 Mean :0.113672 Mean :0.6167
## 3rd Qu.:0.06924 3rd Qu.:0.6632 3rd Qu.:0.153806 3rd Qu.:0.6942
## Max. :0.07909 Max. :0.7019 Max. :0.183618 Max. :0.7453
##
## nokids_SC_2534 nokids_BAp_2534 nokids_BAo_2534 nokids_GD_2534
## Min. :0.4333 Min. :0.4555 Min. :0.4555 Min. :0.5259
## 1st Qu.:0.5700 1st Qu.:0.5656 1st Qu.:0.5804 1st Qu.:0.5304
## Median :0.5985 Median :0.5783 Median :0.5964 Median :0.5462
## Mean :0.5971 Mean :0.5848 Mean :0.6008 Mean :0.5539
## 3rd Qu.:0.6671 3rd Qu.:0.6272 3rd Qu.:0.6499 3rd Qu.:0.5762
## Max. :0.7018 Max. :0.6630 Max. :0.6895 Max. :0.5987
## NA's :3
## kids_HS_2534 kids_SC_2534 kids_BAp_2534 kids_BAo_2534
## Min. :0.003319 Min. :0.001151 Min. :0.0005751 Min. :0.0005751
## 1st Qu.:0.127194 1st Qu.:0.097625 1st Qu.:0.0370024 1st Qu.:0.0401010
## Median :0.164142 Median :0.122975 Median :0.0465660 Median :0.0519828
## Mean :0.146630 Mean :0.118106 Mean :0.0420029 Mean :0.0475117
## 3rd Qu.:0.198616 3rd Qu.:0.164814 3rd Qu.:0.0581481 3rd Qu.:0.0656552
## Max. :0.239107 Max. :0.203470 Max. :0.0710020 Max. :0.0830437
##
## kids_GD_2534 nokids_poor_2534 nokids_mid_2534 nokids_rich_2534
## Min. :0.01374 Min. :0.4933 Min. :0.3765 Min. :0.3848
## 1st Qu.:0.02874 1st Qu.:0.7055 1st Qu.:0.5690 1st Qu.:0.4514
## Median :0.03522 Median :0.7327 Median :0.5998 Median :0.4750
## Mean :0.03369 Mean :0.7092 Mean :0.5816 Mean :0.5054
## 3rd Qu.:0.03928 3rd Qu.:0.7749 3rd Qu.:0.6524 3rd Qu.:0.5740
## Max. :0.04445 Max. :0.8093 Max. :0.6914 Max. :0.6180
## NA's :3
## kids_poor_2534 kids_mid_2534 kids_rich_2534
## Min. :0.008723 Min. :0.0007532 Min. :0.0008027
## 1st Qu.:0.256282 1st Qu.:0.0597845 1st Qu.:0.0293706
## Median :0.306080 Median :0.0803521 Median :0.0326262
## Mean :0.275425 Mean :0.0752050 Mean :0.0312513
## 3rd Qu.:0.370663 3rd Qu.:0.1035361 3rd Qu.:0.0421522
## Max. :0.414789 Max. :0.1319638 Max. :0.0499120
## summary(divorce_data)## year year date all_3544
## Min. : 1 Min. :1960 Length:17 Min. :0.03444
## 1st Qu.: 5 1st Qu.:2000 Class :character 1st Qu.:0.15292
## Median : 9 Median :2004 Mode :character Median :0.15684
## Mean : 9 Mean :1999 Mean :0.14190
## 3rd Qu.:13 3rd Qu.:2008 3rd Qu.:0.16116
## Max. :17 Max. :2012 Max. :0.16630
##
## HS_3544 SC_3544 BAp_3544 BAo_3544
## Min. :0.03489 Min. :0.03367 Min. :0.02751 Min. :0.02751
## 1st Qu.:0.17254 1st Qu.:0.17380 1st Qu.:0.10034 1st Qu.:0.10711
## Median :0.17545 Median :0.17817 Median :0.10306 Median :0.11086
## Mean :0.16015 Mean :0.16332 Mean :0.09588 Mean :0.10182
## 3rd Qu.:0.18838 3rd Qu.:0.18945 3rd Qu.:0.10562 3rd Qu.:0.11186
## Max. :0.19240 Max. :0.20318 Max. :0.11496 Max. :0.11853
##
## GD_3544 poor_3544 mid_3544 rich_3544
## Min. :0.08439 Min. :0.07195 Min. :0.02123 Min. :0.02193
## 1st Qu.:0.08683 1st Qu.:0.32872 1st Qu.:0.11658 1st Qu.:0.03707
## Median :0.08981 Median :0.33156 Median :0.12221 Median :0.04939
## Mean :0.09121 Mean :0.30022 Mean :0.10969 Mean :0.04591
## 3rd Qu.:0.09371 3rd Qu.:0.33523 3rd Qu.:0.12472 3rd Qu.:0.05789
## Max. :0.10915 Max. :0.34309 Max. :0.13836 Max. :0.06034
## NA's :3
## all_4554 HS_4554 SC_4554 BAp_4554
## Min. :0.03965 Min. :0.04007 Min. :0.0387 Min. :0.03189
## 1st Qu.:0.17958 1st Qu.:0.18478 1st Qu.:0.1980 1st Qu.:0.14348
## Median :0.18432 Median :0.19489 Median :0.2068 Median :0.14660
## Mean :0.16593 Mean :0.17688 Mean :0.1843 Mean :0.13095
## 3rd Qu.:0.19763 3rd Qu.:0.21682 3rd Qu.:0.2195 3rd Qu.:0.14875
## Max. :0.20739 Max. :0.22867 Max. :0.2318 Max. :0.15247
##
## BAo_4554 GD_4554 poor_4554 mid_4554
## Min. :0.03189 Min. :0.1327 Min. :0.07537 Min. :0.02934
## 1st Qu.:0.14739 1st Qu.:0.1360 1st Qu.:0.38214 1st Qu.:0.14224
## Median :0.15184 Median :0.1373 Median :0.39120 Median :0.15080
## Mean :0.13543 Mean :0.1379 Mean :0.34545 Mean :0.13339
## 3rd Qu.:0.15369 3rd Qu.:0.1396 3rd Qu.:0.40676 3rd Qu.:0.15797
## Max. :0.16008 Max. :0.1425 Max. :0.41007 Max. :0.17447
## NA's :3
## rich_4554
## Min. :0.02123
## 1st Qu.:0.04269
## Median :0.04609
## Mean :0.05041
## 3rd Qu.:0.06671
## Max. :0.07038
## class(df)## [1] "function"