Class-Based Zero-Sum Beliefs

February 2025: Analysis

Background

The purpose of this study is to pilot a class-based zero-sum belief manipulation, using threat. Three conditions: class zero-sum (czs), control (ctrl), and neutral control (neut). See feb25 google doc for all materials.

Demographics

Race

df_cbzs_elg %>% 
  group_by(race) %>% 
  summarise(N = n()) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  mutate(Perc = round(100*(N/sum(N)),2)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  kbl() %>% 
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = "hover",
                full_width = F,
                position = "left")

race	N	Perc
Asian	7	4.67
Black or African American	17	11.33
Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin	6	4.00
Middle Eastern or North African	1	0.67
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	1	0.67
White	109	72.67
multiracial	9	6.00

Gender

df_cbzs_elg %>% 
  mutate(gender = ifelse(is.na(gender) | gender == "","other",gender)) %>% 
  group_by(gender) %>% 
  summarise(N = n()) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  mutate(Perc = round(100*(N/sum(N)),2)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  kbl() %>% 
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = "hover",
                full_width = F,
                position = "left")

gender	N	Perc
man	82	54.67
other	1	0.67
woman	67	44.67

Age

df_cbzs_elg %>% 
  summarise(age_mean = round(mean(age,na.rm = T),2),
            age_sd = round(sd(age,na.rm = T),2)) %>% 
  kbl() %>% 
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = "hover",
                full_width = F,
                position = "left")

age_mean	age_sd
39.13	13.22

Education

df_cbzs_elg %>% 
  group_by(edu) %>% 
  summarise(N = n()) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  mutate(Perc = round(100*(N/sum(N)),2)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  kbl() %>% 
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = "hover",
                full_width = F,
                position = "left")

edu	N	Perc
noHS	2	1.33
GED	35	23.33
2yearColl	15	10.00
4yearColl	70	46.67
MA	16	10.67
PHD	12	8.00

Subjective SES

df_cbzs_elg %>% 
  group_by(ses) %>% 
  summarise(N = n()) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  mutate(Perc = round(100*(N/sum(N)),2)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  kbl() %>% 
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = "hover",
                full_width = F,
                position = "left")

ses	N	Perc
Lower Class	7	4.67
Lower Middle Class	35	23.33
Middle Class	84	56.00
Upper Middle Class	21	14.00
Upper Class	3	2.00

Income

df_cbzs_elg %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = income)) +
  geom_bar() +
  theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
        panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
        panel.background = element_blank(),
        axis.ticks = element_blank(),
        axis.line = element_line(color = "grey66"),
        axis.text.y = element_text(color = "black"),
        axis.text.x = element_text(color = "black",
                                   face = "bold"),
        axis.title.x = element_blank(),
        axis.title.y = element_blank()) +
  coord_flip()

Politics

Ideology

Participants were asked about the extent to which they subscribe to the following ideologies on a scale of 1-7 (select NA if unfamiliar): Conservatism, Liberalism, Democratic Socialism, Libertarianism, Progressivism.

means <- df_cbzs_elg %>%
  dplyr::select(PID,ideo_con:ideo_prog) %>% 
  pivot_longer(-PID,
               names_to = "ideo",
               values_to = "score") %>% 
  filter(!is.na(score)) %>% 
  group_by(ideo) %>% 
  summarise(score = mean(score)) %>% 
  ungroup()

df_cbzs_elg %>%
  dplyr::select(PID,ideo_con:ideo_prog) %>% 
  pivot_longer(-PID,
               names_to = "ideo",
               values_to = "score") %>% 
  filter(!is.na(score)) %>%  
  ggplot() +
  geom_density(aes(x = score), fill = "lightblue") +
  scale_x_continuous(limits = c(1,7),
                     breaks = seq(1,7,1)) +
  geom_vline(data = means,mapping = aes(xintercept = score),
             color = "black",
             linetype = "dashed",
             size = 1.1) +
  theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
        panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
        panel.background = element_blank(),
        axis.ticks = element_blank(),
        axis.line = element_line(color = "grey66"),
        axis.text.y = element_text(color = "black"),
        axis.text.x = element_text(color = "black",
                                   face = "bold")) +
  facet_wrap(~ideo,nrow = 2)

Article reflections

After reading the article, participants were asked: What key insight from this article stood out to you most?

These are their responses:

CZS condition

reflection
i think the biggest key insight was BRICS trying to shift away from the USD
The middle class will lose as they always have over the last 30 years,
This new shift in economics will come at the cost of working class Americans.
Working-class Americans will potentially be hit the hardest if the alternative currency were put into action.
Not a lot in the article surprised me. The part about wages remaining stagnant is the most relevant to the US’s current economic condition, I’d say. Income inequality is behind all of our ills.
The difference between the annual wages of the bottom 90 percent and the top 1 percent of earners. The other is the decline of the GDP of the G7 nations compared to the BRICS countries.
That the power of the U.S dollar is falling and that in order to compensate for this, the US will place the burden on the working class by not increasing wages, while the wealthy continue to get wealthier.
That the alternative currency that may be introduced will have adisparing impact on many Americans and will be helping the wealthy at the expense of the working class.
One key insight is the growing influence of BRICS nations and their potential to challenge US economic dominance, particularly through an alternative trade currency that could weaken the dollar’s global standing. This shift may exacerbate economic disaparities within the US disproportionally affecting the working class while benefiting the wealthy.
If BRICS is able to establish an alternative currency, the dollar value will plummet. Inflation will soar and the working class will suffer greatly.
Shifts away from the US dollar in global economies has the potential to negatively impact working class Americans.
That the BRICS has decided to move away from the Dollar and adopt Gold as a International currency
The fact that the upper 1% are so greedy.
brics reducing independence on the us dollar
The large wealth disparity between the most and least wealthy
The wealthy are artificially depressing wags for the lower classes and harming working class americans as the rest of the world prepares to shore up their own economic fortunes
The upper class will keep increasing its economic power and the working class’ wages will remain stagnant.
That it seems while the US Dollar is struggling, the only people that continue to get rich an earn more are the already wealthy and rich. In other countries, they are thriving and succeeding while major countries are on a decline.
The key point from the article that stood out to me was that no expert knows for sure what consequences will happen as a result of this as same say its bad for the working class while others say it will lead to economic growth and innovation. I do not see the gap between wealthy and working class slowing down anytime soon and I think we need multiple drastic changes in order to make a significant decrease in that gap
There has been recent discourse about the eventuality of an alternative currency being used for international trade, which could greatly impinge on the U.S. economy. Moreover, it would lead to an even greater disparity between the wealthy and the working class in this country.
That there was talk of introducing an alternative currency to reduce the US’s dollar and despite the working class’s wages being stagnant already in the US, the new currency for global trading could hurt the working class even further which sounds bad.
In october of 2024 they planned to introduce a different currency for global trading.
Two main key insights, that pair with the graphs. First the rise of Brics and the fall of G7, and the stagnant worker wage increase.
That the BRICS nations are expanding their their global markets
That working class citizens would be affected the most and their wages are staying stagnant.
That BRICS countries GDP has outpaced the G7 countries and that the BRICS leaders are calling for the dollar to be replaced as the main global currency.
That the BRICS leaders want to introduce an alternate currency for trading and abandon the US dollar.
There is a recent shift in global finance landscape, with the BRICS nations having a strong global economic growth. Globally, countries are becoming less dependent upon the US dollar, which can cause economic struggles for the US. This will likely cause issues for the US working class, and with the currently geopolitical trends, working class Americans will continue to be burdened while the wealthier Americans continue to see their wealth increase.
The wage increase for the top 1% of income earners is much larger than the increase for those at those bottom.
The annual wage increase of the top 1% of income earners far outpaced the bottom 90% of income earners in the United States.
A key insight that stood out to me was that by making it easier to trade internationally by creating a dollar alternative, it could come at the cost of the working class Americans, while making the rich richer.
That working class Americans will be the ones to suffer
It seems the lack of parity in American economics (i.e. wealth inequality) is only going to get worse as other nations chip away at America’s superpower status.
The wealthy will only get more rich from here on out and the working class will neither be better not worse off. The US economy should not benefitted at the cost of working Americans.
The thing that stood out the most was that the top 1% benefitted more from wage increases than the bottom 90%
It surprised me how the top 1 percent is growing so much faster in wealth than everyone else. It really seems like we have an unfair system.
INTRODUCTION OF A NEW CURRENCY FOR GLOBAL TRADE THAT WILL REDUCE THE VALUE OF US DOLLAR.
the alternative currency for international trade. Some think this could cause challenges for the us.
BRICS is an alternative currency for trade.
That the the shift to a BRICS monetary standard would cause pain for the working class.
The rich will get richer and the middle/poorer classes will stay the same if things go well, or get poorer
The key takeaway from this article is the possibility that global shifts, particularly the rise of BRICS nations and their alternative currency, will exacerbate the existing wealth gap in the United States, with the working class potentially bearing the brunt of economic changes while the wealthy continue to thrive.
The BRICS and G7 groups.
That the wealthy continue to are gaining while the lower, working classes are losing.
That the US is still keeping the working class wages stagnant while the 1% continue to see their wealth and income increase. Current global trends show that the !% will continue to reap the benefit of trade while the working class will continue to have the financial burden fall on them.
The working class will suffer from these shifts.
THE ARTICLE ABOUT THE SHARE OF THE WORLD’S GDP IN PURCHASING POWER PARITY(PPP) FOR BRICS AND G7 COUNTRIES FROM 2000 TO 2024 IS THAT THE BRICS COUNTRIES HAVE SURPASED THE G7 COUNTRIES IN TERMS OF GDP SHARE.
The government is and has always been in favor of the rich staying rich. The working class has always been at the expense of the upper class and has not changed since the 50’s according to the graph shown above.
The fact that the BRICS nations are outperforming the G7 nations in the global market. I never would have guessed that. I also didn’t think about the impact that it would on the gap between the upper and lower class earners in the U.S. It is something that should be addressed.
That the United States Dollar could potentially be replaced as the international trading currency.

Control

reflection
That some are proposing a separate currency for international use/trade
US position in the world economy is being dangered by the rise of BRICS.
The global dependence on the US dollar are decreasing, leading to a negative impact on the American economy.
American power in the financial industry is decreasing
That the American economy is losing its prominence in the world. Our economy has deteriorated steadily over the past few years due to the rise of former third world countries
BRICS nations are gaining more control over the world economy, and this is certainly something that the US needs to account for in it’s foreign policy.
The fact that brics countries wish to create a new currency that would heavily affect the US influence over foreign trade.
The global economy is experiencing changes and there have been some challenges to maintaining the US dollar as a standard - this change could be both positive and negative, but overall the US needs to determine the appropriate way to adapt to this change in a way that enables it to continue being a strong economic power.
American economic power will be diminishing.
The key insight that stood out the most to me is that the United States seems to be losing it’s grip as the leading global ecoonmic power.
That the U.S. needs to get it act together and figure out how to best handle the econmy if the US dollar is not the world money anymore
I think the fact that BRICS countries are catching up to G7 countries is pretty crazy. If that truly is the case, perhaps it would be more beneficial to deprioritize foreign spending, and focus more on American investments and domestic spending.
That countries are trying to move away from USD as the world reserve currency
There is a debate on whether the US should focus their spending on maintaining global influence or building infrastructure within the US
That the countries in the G-7 were losing strength. That the dollar or creating a new form of currency would effect the value of the US power in some way.
The idea that the US is losing ground financially along with other G7 countries.
That America is losing it’s power as other countries unite and form new ways of trade.
BRICS introducing an alternative currency could dramatically change world trade dynamics.
One insight is that the US should adapt to global economic shift sby shifting its priorities from maintaining international influence to investing more in domestic infrastructure, business, and education. This reflects a broader recognition that resisting change may be less effectivethan strategically adjusting to new economic realities.
That BRICS leaders are considering creating an alternative currency, that would be less dependent on the US dollar. This would create an economic downfall for the US economy, making them a weaker nation.
Prioritizing investments in domestic spending. Interesting thought that I’d like to read more about.
i think the brics should not be formed in the first place
The fact that BRICS union is actually outperforming G7 countries in GDP in PP
The global economic market lansdscape is changing and the US leader status is being challenged. Some nations want to introduce a new currency for trade that would reduce independence on the US. Th US role in world econimoy is weakening.
I was unaware of the BRICS nations and that they have been gaining more power than the usual powerful countries
A shift in economy power. US is devoting the lion share to is resources to maintain global influence. The growth of the BRICS
Since the United States is no longer the biggest economic super power BRICS is wanting to use a global currency for economic trade
The biggest thing that stood out to me was the proposition of basically creating a new currency, if I understood this correctly. I do think this could create more problems than it would solve.
What I can deduce here is the people’s obsession with independence.
Shift in global finance.
Introducing a new currency for trade may negatively impact the US economy that requires us to adapt and form new strategies.
The US is still devoting the resources to maintain global influences
BRICS nations gaining economic strength is likely to cause economic harm to the United States in the short term, but adaptation is likely the way to go.
The most important insight from this article that stands out to me is the possible decrease in American economic power. Economists recommending the transfer of foreign spending to be focused on domestic spending and investing is also interesting, as this seems to be the direction we are currently heading towards with the new president in office.
That the Dollar may no longer be the the world currency and that we should make changes to put the country in a better postion.
Brics nations are wanting to introduce new currency which will lower dependency on the American dollar. Some economists think that is a bad idea for the US.
The growing economic influence of BRICS nations and their efforts to introduce an alternative currency which could reduce global reliance on US dollar and challenge american economic dominance.
The Brics Nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa may shift from the dollar to an alternate currency which could negatively effect the U.S. economy.
The BRICS plan to introduce an alternative currency challenges U.S dollar dominance, potentially reshaping global trade and requiring economic adaptation.
The thing that stood out the most is the BRICS leaders announcing an alternate currency. I have seen articles and videos predicting American currency won’t be the highest in world. The Chinese Wan is predicted to be worth more. The fact that the BRICS leaders are planning this means they are serious. That is alarming. This could definitely impact America’s economy in a negative way.
The proposed alternative currency proposed by the BRICS nations would negatively impact America’s economic power as the foreign economies begin to accel.
The insight that stood out to me most is the suggestion that we will have to adapt to spending less on global issues and spend more on domestic spending. My personal view has been trending this way as we see key issues in aging infrastructure, our education system is in great decline, and we need more US businesses.
The key insight that stood out for me is that the growing economic strength of the BRICS nations, coupled with their plan to introduce an alternative currency, may significantly affect the US economy potentially diminishing America economic power and requiring adaptation in government spending priorities
The fact that America need to deprioritize foreign spending and instead prioritize investments in domestic spending.
The alternative currency for international trade is interesting because i wonder how that would work if each country has different currency.
What stood out for me the most is that the United States might have to move focus away from global influences and put time, energy, and resources to bolstering our industries and economy.
The fact that the rest of the world is doing whatever they can to distance themselves from the US.
That the challenges will require adaptation rather than resistance. Right now I think we are strong arming and resisting change
Several suggest that these shits will continue shaping the broader economic dynamic between the u.s and other nations,potentially diminishing
The BRICS leaders announced plans to introduce an alternative currency for international trade to reduce dependency on the US dollar and there are arguments about why and if that totally solves the problem or creates additional problems.

Neutral control

reflection
Leaders are planning to introduce a new form of currency for international trade. This could cause significant economic issue
The change by some nations to a different currency may weaken the US dollar dominance.
The key thing that stood out is the plans to introduce an alternative currency to international trade, which is majorly the USD right now.
I find it very interesting that BRICS leaders want to introduce a new currency, as this seems to be something that could weaken the US dollar and potentially disrupt the US economy, if not the economy of each G7 country.
An alternative currency for international trade is concerning for the U.S. economy. It worries me and makes me think their could be bad ramifications for the U.S. GDP if this happens.
BRICS nations are becoming a bigger force in international markets while the G7 nations are declining. A new currency could be really challenging for the US.
The US is losing it’s footing in the global market influence
That other countries are out surpassing up economically.
The US’s economic power is lessening on the global stage, and that an alternate form of currency might become the standard for international trade.
The introduction of a new global currency would create economic challenges for the United States.
BRICS is outpacing the G7 alliance with their economic growth.
Basically about trade and the US dollar.
the potential decline of the u.s. dollars dominance stands out most.
I think the fact that he U.S. is declining in strength is an important takeaway. Other countries as a result are stepping up in their economic prowess which is weakening the U.S. dollar.
BRICS is competing with USD
The key insight that stood out for me is potential introduction of an alternative currency by the BRICS nation
That different countries are now showing greater strength and that a different currency could be introduced that would affect the US dollar
The fact that Brics countries are starting to thrive and their reliance on g7 countries, such as America are dwindling and Brics leaders want to introduce an alternative currency for trade.
the thing that stood out the most is BRICS are planning to introduce alternative currency to reduce global dependence to USD.
What stood out most is that there is a possibility that an alternative currency can be introduced. This currency would introduce economic challenges for the US which makes me nervous as an American.
The BRICS nations are expanding their global market share and potentially reducing the US dollar’s global dominance with an alternative currency.
BRICS new currency policy threaten the US dollar as well as US economical power.
That the BRICS countries are starting to surpass the US in terms of GDP.
What stood out to me in this article is that some economists argue that the transition could introduce new economic challenges for the US
The US was surpassed as the leading global econmic power. The BRIC nations have announced an alternative currency for trade. This would weaken the dollars position as the currency of choice further weakening the US’s influence.
What stood out to me the most, was seeing the rise in communist countries gaining world economic strength. That’s not a good thing.
The BRICS alternative currency stood out to me, as well as the chart measuring PPP. First, we don’t typically discuss the PPP measure in our news, so I’d be interested in learning more about that measure. Second, I was curious how they would implement an alternative currency - is there enough agreement between the BRICS countries on which currency would be picked - how cohesive is BRICS at all?
The BBRIc’s push for alternate trade currency - that this might mean a possible weaker US dollar which would overall affect trade and financial stability.
The huge downward turn that the G7 took. I agree that if the BRICS were to make their own currency it would challenge not only the US but also nations across globe.
Economics and dynamics
The key insight that stood out the most is the sentence about alternative currency for international trade that would reduce global independence on the U.S. dollar.
the plan to introduce new currency for international trade so as to reduce the global dependence on US dollar
BRICS nations are growing and have ambitions to challenge G7 countrie such as the US
BRICS leaders want to introduce an alternative currency to the US dollar for international trade.
The rise of the BRICS and their potential to affect global financial markets
THE BRICS COUNTRIES HAVE SURPASSED THE G7 COUNTRIES IN TERMS OF GLOBAL GDP. THE BRICS COUNTRIES ( BRAZIL, RUSSIA, INDIA, AND CHINA) SURPASSED THE G7 COUNTRIES IN 2018. BY 2024 THE BRICKS COUNTRIES HAD A 35% SHARE OF THE WORLD’S GDP, WHILE THE G7 COUNTRIES HAD A 30% SHARE.
The key point is that the G7 GDP has fallen in comparison to the BRICS
The key insights that stood out to me is the potential shift in global financial power as the BRICS nations aim to introduce an alternative currency for international trade, challenging the dominance of the U.S. Dollar and possibly reshaping global economic dynamics. This could have significant implications for trade and financial markets.
Economists’ belief that the transition could introduce new economic challenges for the U.S. Specifically in regard to our trade with other nations around the world.
An alternative currency for international trade, if introduced would reduce global dependance on the U.S dollar.
What stood out the most is the discussions about introducing an alternative currency for International trade. It makes me think what might happen to the U.S. dollar and what it will do to our economy.
G7 nations are not the GDP super-leaders they have been historically. Change has happened relatively quickly. The U.S. will need to adapt to survive.
The opposition of economists against the BRICS leaders decision to introduce a new trading currency to reduce the dependency on the U.S dollar.
Brics currency could challenge USD The introduction of an alternative currency by BRICKS nations may significantly reduce reliance US in global trade
What stood out to me the most was the BRICS leaders announced plans to introduce and alternative currency for international trade because i don’t like that idea.
That new international trade currency is gaining good impact and could eventually replace US dolllars.
The US’s position as head of the global economy is at risk.
The shift away from US Dollar could alter the global financial system and that could cause problems for the US
BRICS leaders announced plans to introduce alternative currency so that there’d be less global dependence on the US dollar in October 2024.
The world economic dynamics making a huge shift from the G7 to BRICS

Measures

Class-based Zero-Sum Beliefs

1. If the upper class becomes richer, this comes at the expense of the working class
   
2. If the upper class makes more money, then the working class makes less money
   
3. If the upper class does better economically, this does NOT come at the expense of the working class [R]
   
   alpha = 0.87

df_cbzs_elg %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = zs_class)) +
  geom_density(fill = "lightblue",
                 color = "black") +
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(1,7,1),
                     limits = c(1,7)) +
  ylab("density") +
  geom_vline(xintercept = mean(df_cbzs_elg$zs_class,na.rm = T),
             color = "black",
             linetype = "dashed",
             size = 1.1) +
  theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
        panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
        panel.background = element_blank(),
        axis.ticks = element_blank(),
        axis.line = element_line(color = "grey66"),
        axis.text.y = element_text(color = "black"),
        axis.text.x = element_text(color = "black",
                                   face = "bold"),
        axis.title.x = element_text(color = "black",
                                   face = "bold"))

Working class solidarity

1. I feel a sense of solidarity with the working class
   
2. I support policy that helps the working class
   
3. I stand united with the working class
   
4. Policies negatively affecting the working class should be changed
   
5. More people should know about how the working class is negatively affected by economic issues
   
6. It’s important to challenge the power structures that disadvantage the working class
   alpha = 0.9

df_cbzs_elg %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = soli)) +
  geom_density(fill = "lightblue",
                 color = "black") +
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(1,7,1),
                     limits = c(1,7)) +
  ylab("density") +
  geom_vline(xintercept = mean(df_cbzs_elg$soli,na.rm = T),
             color = "black",
             linetype = "dashed",
             size = 1.1) +
  theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
        panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
        panel.background = element_blank(),
        axis.ticks = element_blank(),
        axis.line = element_line(color = "grey66"),
        axis.text.y = element_text(color = "black"),
        axis.text.x = element_text(color = "black",
                                   face = "bold"),
        axis.title.x = element_text(color = "black",
                                   face = "bold"))

Economic System Justification

1. There are many reasons to think that the economic system is unfair [R]
   
2. Most people who don’t get ahead in our society should not blame the system; they have only themselves to blame
   
3. There will always be poor people, because there will never be enough jobs for everybody
   
4. If people wanted to change the economic system to make things equal, they could [R]
   
   alpha = 0.4
   
   Ohhh, these items don’t hold together at all haha. That’s why they have 17 items in their scale.

df_cbzs_elg %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = esj)) +
  geom_density(fill = "lightblue",
                 color = "black") +
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(1,7,1),
                     limits = c(1,7)) +
  ylab("density") +
  geom_vline(xintercept = mean(df_cbzs_elg$esj,na.rm = T),
             color = "black",
             linetype = "dashed",
             size = 1.1) +
  theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
        panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
        panel.background = element_blank(),
        axis.ticks = element_blank(),
        axis.line = element_line(color = "grey66"),
        axis.text.y = element_text(color = "black"),
        axis.text.x = element_text(color = "black",
                                   face = "bold"),
        axis.title.x = element_text(color = "black",
                                   face = "bold"))

Analysis

Underpowered, so I’ll mostly pay attention to the means and effect sizes. I’ll also not control for multiple comparisons in my stats, and instead, just do t-tests.

Class-Based Zero-Sum Beliefs

df_cbzs_elg %>% 
  group_by(cond) %>% 
  summarise(N = n(),
            Mean = mean(zs_class,na.rm = T),
            SD = sd(zs_class,na.rm = T)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  kbl() %>% 
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = "hover",
                full_width = F,
                position = "left")

cond	N	Mean	SD
ctrl	50	4.966667	1.323518
czs	50	5.740000	1.037374
neut	50	4.566667	1.605334

m <- t.test(zs_class ~ cond,data = df_cbzs_elg %>% filter(cond != "neut"))
d_mod <- cohens_d(m)
d = d_mod[1,1]

czs vs. ctrl: t(92.71) = -3.25, p = 0.002, Lower CI = -1.25, Upper CI = -0.3, d = -0.68.

m <- t.test(zs_class ~ cond,data = df_cbzs_elg %>% filter(cond != "ctrl"))
d_mod <- cohens_d(m)
d = d_mod[1,1]

czs vs. neut: t(83.85) = 4.34, p = 0, Lower CI = 0.64, Upper CI = 1.71, d = 0.95.

m <- t.test(zs_class ~ cond,data = df_cbzs_elg %>% filter(cond != "czs"))
d_mod <- cohens_d(m)
d = d_mod[1,1]

ctrl vs. neut: t(94.56) = 1.36, p = 0.177, Lower CI = -0.18, Upper CI = 0.98, d = 0.28.

Alright. That’s good to see.

Solidarity

df_cbzs_elg %>% 
  group_by(cond) %>% 
  summarise(N = n(),
            Mean = mean(soli,na.rm = T),
            SD = sd(soli,na.rm = T)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  kbl() %>% 
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = "hover",
                full_width = F,
                position = "left")

cond	N	Mean	SD
ctrl	50	6.026667	0.6887170
czs	50	6.123333	0.9102652
neut	50	5.946667	0.7718400

m <- t.test(soli ~ cond,data = df_cbzs_elg %>% filter(cond != "neut"))
d_mod <- cohens_d(m)
d = d_mod[1,1]

czs vs. ctrl: t(91.25) = -0.6, p = 0.551, Lower CI = -0.42, Upper CI = 0.22, d = -0.13.

m <- t.test(soli ~ cond,data = df_cbzs_elg %>% filter(cond != "ctrl"))
d_mod <- cohens_d(m)
d = d_mod[1,1]

czs vs. neut: t(95.45) = 1.05, p = 0.298, Lower CI = -0.16, Upper CI = 0.51, d = 0.21.

m <- t.test(soli ~ cond,data = df_cbzs_elg %>% filter(cond != "czs"))
d_mod <- cohens_d(m)
d = d_mod[1,1]

ctrl vs. neut: t(96.75) = 0.55, p = 0.586, Lower CI = -0.21, Upper CI = 0.37, d = 0.11.

ok, I know it doesn’t look like much… but d = .21 for czs vs. neut is not that bad, actually. To capture that with 80% power, we’d need roughly 250 per cell (and only have two cells).

Exploratory Analysis

Interactions with ideology

CBZS

Solidarity

Ok, effects are pretty consistent across the conservatism spectrum.