Sézary Syndrome Cell Line derived from each patient DE comparison

1. load libraries

#Differential Expression Analysis

2. load seurat object

All_samples_Merged

An object of class Seurat 
62900 features across 49305 samples within 6 assays 
Active assay: SCT (26176 features, 3000 variable features)
 3 layers present: counts, data, scale.data
 5 other assays present: RNA, ADT, prediction.score.celltype.l1, prediction.score.celltype.l2, prediction.score.celltype.l3
 5 dimensional reductions calculated: integrated_dr, ref.umap, pca, umap, harmony

DimPlot(All_samples_Merged, reduction = "umap", group.by = "cell_line",label = T, label.box = T)

DimPlot(All_samples_Merged, reduction = "umap", group.by = "seurat_clusters",label = T, label.box = T)

#Differential Expression Analysis

3. P1 vs P2

DefaultAssay(All_samples_Merged) <- "SCT"
Idents(All_samples_Merged) <- "seurat_clusters"

# Patient 1 vs Patient 2
p1_vs_p2 <- FindMarkers(All_samples_Merged, 
                        ident.1 = c(5, 1, 9),  # P1 clusters
                        ident.2 = c(2, 6, 8),      # P2 clusters
                        assay = "SCT")
write.csv(p1_vs_p2, "comparison_P1_vs_P2.csv")

# Create volcano plot for P1 vs P2
volcano_p1_vs_p2 <- EnhancedVolcano(p1_vs_p2, 
                                    lab = rownames(p1_vs_p2),
                                    x = 'avg_log2FC',
                                    y = 'p_val_adj',
                                    title = 'P1 vs P2',
                                    xlab = bquote(~Log[2]~ 'fold change'),
                                    pCutoff = 0.05,
                                    FCcutoff = 1.5, 
                                    pointSize = 3.0,
                                    labSize = 5.0,
                                    boxedLabels = TRUE,
                                    colAlpha = 0.5,
                                    legendPosition = 'right',
                                    legendLabSize = 10,
                                    legendIconSize = 4.0,
                                    drawConnectors = TRUE,
                                    widthConnectors = 0.5,
                                    colConnectors = 'grey50',
                                    arrowheads = FALSE,
                                    max.overlaps = 30)

Warning: One or more p-values is 0. Converting to 10^-1 * current lowest non-zero p-value...

print(volcano_p1_vs_p2)
png("volcano_P1_vs_P2.png", width = 12, height = 10, units = "in", res = 300)

print(volcano_p1_vs_p2)
dev.off()

png 
  2 

volcano2_p1_vs_p2 <- EnhancedVolcano(p1_vs_p2, 
                lab = rownames(p1_vs_p2),
                x = "avg_log2FC", 
                y = "p_val_adj",
                selectLab = c('EPCAM', 'KIR3DL2', 'FOXM1', 'TWIST1', 'TNFSF9', 
                              'CD80', 'FOS','PTPN6','NCR1','NCR2',
                              'PCLAF', 'KIR3DL1', 'IL4','ITGA6','CCL5',
                              'IL7R', 'TCF7', 'PTTG1', 'RRM2', 'MKI67', 'CD70', 
                              'IL2RA', 'FCGR3A', 'GNLY', 'FOXP3', 'SELL',  'LEF1',
                              'CCL17', 'THY1', 'CD27', 'CD28', 'CD7',
                              # Key Sézary syndrome genes
                              'PRF1', 'GZMB', 'NCR1', 'NFATC3', 
                              'KLRK1', 'LCK', 'KLRC1', 'KLRC2', 'TNF', 
                              'KIR3DL1','KIR3DL3','KIR3DL4', 'IFNG', 'IFNGR1', 'CD244', 'FASLG'),
                title = "P1 vs P2",
                subtitle = "Sézary Syndrome Cell Lines",
                xlab = bquote(~Log[2]~ 'fold change'),
                pCutoff = 0.05,
                FCcutoff = log2(1.5), 
                pointSize = 3.0,
                labSize = 4.0,
                labFace = 'bold',
                boxedLabels = TRUE,
                colAlpha = 0.5,
                legendPosition = 'right',
                legendLabSize = 10,
                legendIconSize = 4.0,
                drawConnectors = TRUE,
                widthConnectors = 0.5,
                colConnectors = 'grey50',
                arrowheads = FALSE,
                max.overlaps = 30)

Warning: One or more p-values is 0. Converting to 10^-1 * current lowest non-zero p-value...

print(volcano2_p1_vs_p2)
png("volcano2_P1_vs_P2.png", width = 12, height = 10, units = "in", res = 300)

print(volcano2_p1_vs_p2)
dev.off()

png 
  2 

# Display top differentially expressed genes for each comparison
head(p1_vs_p2)

NA
NA

4. P1 vs P3

DefaultAssay(All_samples_Merged) <- "SCT"
Idents(All_samples_Merged) <- "seurat_clusters"


# Patient 1 vs Patient 3
p1_vs_p3 <- FindMarkers(All_samples_Merged, 
                        ident.1 = c(5, 1, 9),  # P1 clusters
                        ident.2 = c(4, 0, 7, 11, 12, 13),  # P3 clusters
                        assay = "SCT")
write.csv(p1_vs_p3, "comparison_P1_vs_P3.csv")

# Create volcano plot for P1 vs P3
volcano_p1_vs_p3 <- EnhancedVolcano(p1_vs_p3, 
                                    lab = rownames(p1_vs_p3),
                                    x = 'avg_log2FC',
                                    y = 'p_val_adj',
                                    title = 'P1 vs P3',
                                    pCutoff = 0.05,
                                    FCcutoff = 1,
                                    pointSize = 1.5,
                                    labSize = 4.0,
                                    col = c('grey', 'darkgreen', 'blue', 'red'),
                                    colAlpha = 0.5,
                                    legendPosition = 'right',
                                    legendLabSize = 10,
                                    legendIconSize = 4.0,
                                    drawConnectors = TRUE,
                                    widthConnectors = 0.5)

Warning: One or more p-values is 0. Converting to 10^-1 * current lowest non-zero p-value...

print(volcano_p1_vs_p3)
png("volcano_P1_vs_P3.png", width = 12, height = 10, units = "in", res = 300)

print(volcano_p1_vs_p3)
dev.off()

png 
  2 

volcano2_p1_vs_p3 <- EnhancedVolcano(p1_vs_p3, 
                lab = rownames(p1_vs_p3),
                x = "avg_log2FC", 
                y = "p_val_adj",
                selectLab = c('KIR3DL2','KIR3DL1','KIR3DL3','KIR3DL4',  'TWIST1', 'TNFSF9', 
                               'FOS', 'TCF7','LEF1',
                               'CD86', 'VCAM1','CCL5',
                              'CD40',  'CD70', 
                              'IL2RA', 'FCGR3A', 'GNLY', 'FOXP3',  'LEF1',
                              'CCL17', 'THY1', 'CD27', 'CD28', 'CD7','EPCAM','TOX','IL16','IL21',
                              # Key Sézary syndrome genes
                              'PRF1', 'GZMB',  
                              'KLRK1', 'LCK', 'KLRC1', 'KLRC2',  
                               'IFNG', 'IFNGR1', 'FASLG'),
                title = "P1 vs P3",
                subtitle = "Sézary Syndrome Cell Lines",
                xlab = bquote(~Log[2]~ 'fold change'),
                pCutoff = 0.05,
                FCcutoff = 1.5, 
                pointSize = 3.0,
                labSize = 4.0,
                labFace = 'bold',
                boxedLabels = TRUE,
                colAlpha = 0.5,
                legendPosition = 'right',
                legendLabSize = 10,
                legendIconSize = 4.0,
                drawConnectors = TRUE,
                widthConnectors = 0.5,
                colConnectors = 'grey50',
                arrowheads = FALSE,
                max.overlaps = 30)

Warning: One or more p-values is 0. Converting to 10^-1 * current lowest non-zero p-value...

print(volcano2_p1_vs_p3)
png("volcano2_P1_vs_P3.png", width = 12, height = 10, units = "in", res = 300)

print(volcano2_p1_vs_p3)
dev.off()

png 
  2 

# Display top differentially expressed genes for each comparison

head(p1_vs_p3)

NA
NA

5. P2 vs P3

DefaultAssay(All_samples_Merged) <- "SCT"
Idents(All_samples_Merged) <- "seurat_clusters"

# Patient 2 vs Patient 3
p2_vs_p3 <- FindMarkers(All_samples_Merged, 
                        ident.1 = c(2, 6, 8),     # P2 clusters
                        ident.2 = c(4, 0, 7, 11, 12, 13),  # P3 clusters
                        assay = "SCT")
write.csv(p2_vs_p3, "comparison_P2_vs_P3.csv")

# Create volcano plot for P2 vs P3
volcano_p2_vs_p3 <- EnhancedVolcano(p2_vs_p3, 
                                    lab = rownames(p2_vs_p3),
                                    x = 'avg_log2FC',
                                    y = 'p_val_adj',
                                    title = 'P2 vs P3',
                                    pCutoff = 0.05,
                                    FCcutoff = 1,
                                    pointSize = 1.5,
                                    labSize = 4.0,
                                    col = c('grey', 'darkgreen', 'blue', 'red'),
                                    colAlpha = 0.5,
                                    legendPosition = 'right',
                                    legendLabSize = 10,
                                    legendIconSize = 4.0,
                                    drawConnectors = TRUE,
                                    widthConnectors = 0.5)

Warning: One or more p-values is 0. Converting to 10^-1 * current lowest non-zero p-value...

print(volcano_p2_vs_p3)
png("volcano_P2_vs_P3.png", width = 12, height = 10, units = "in", res = 300)

print(volcano_p2_vs_p3)
dev.off()

png 
  2 

volcano2_p2_vs_p3 <- EnhancedVolcano(p2_vs_p3, 
                lab = rownames(p2_vs_p3),
                x = "avg_log2FC", 
                y = "p_val_adj",
                selectLab = c('KIR3DL2','KIR3DL1','KIR3DL3','KIR3DL4',  'TWIST1', 'TNFSF9', 
                               
                               'VCAM1','CCL5','CCL23','IL13','IL19', 'TIGIT','JUN','TP53','CD40','CCR10',
                              'CD40',   'KIT','CD52','CD44','RORC','TIFA',
                              'FOXP3',  
                              'CCL17', 'THY1', 'CD28', 'CD7','EPCAM','IL16',
                              # Key Sézary syndrome genes
                                
                              'KLRK1', 'KLRC1', 'KLRC2',  
                               'IFNG', 'IFNGR1', 'FASLG'),
                title = "P2 vs P3",
                subtitle = "Sézary Syndrome Cell Lines",
                xlab = bquote(~Log[2]~ 'fold change'),
                pCutoff = 0.05,
                FCcutoff = 1.5, 
                pointSize = 3.0,
                labSize = 4.0,
                labFace = 'bold',
                boxedLabels = TRUE,
                colAlpha = 0.5,
                legendPosition = 'right',
                legendLabSize = 10,
                legendIconSize = 4.0,
                drawConnectors = TRUE,
                widthConnectors = 0.5,
                colConnectors = 'grey50',
                arrowheads = FALSE,
                max.overlaps = 30)

Warning: One or more p-values is 0. Converting to 10^-1 * current lowest non-zero p-value...

print(volcano2_p2_vs_p3)
png("volcano2_P2_vs_P3.png", width = 12, height = 10, units = "in", res = 300)

print(volcano2_p2_vs_p3)
dev.off()

png 
  2 

print(volcano_p1_vs_p2)

print(volcano_p1_vs_p3)

print(volcano_p2_vs_p3)

print(volcano2_p1_vs_p2)

print(volcano2_p1_vs_p3)

print(volcano2_p2_vs_p3)

# Display top differentially expressed genes for each comparison
head(p1_vs_p2)

head(p1_vs_p3)

head(p2_vs_p3)

NA
NA

6. Enrichment Analysis

library(clusterProfiler)
library(org.Hs.eg.db)
library(enrichplot)

perform_go_enrichment <- function(gene_list, gene_universe, title) {
  ego <- enrichGO(gene = gene_list,
                  universe = gene_universe,
                  OrgDb = org.Hs.eg.db,
                  keyType = "SYMBOL",
                  ont = "BP",
                  pAdjustMethod = "BH",
                  qvalueCutoff = 0.05,
                  readable = TRUE)
  
  if (nrow(ego@result) == 0) {
    warning(paste("No enriched GO terms found for", title))
    return(NULL)
  }
  
  p <- dotplot(ego, showCategory = 20, title = paste("GO -", title)) +
    theme(axis.text.y = element_text(size = 8))
  
  print(p)
  png(paste0("GO_enrichment_", gsub(" ", "_", title), ".png"), width = 12, height = 8, units = "in", res = 300)
  print(p)
  dev.off()
  
  return(ego)
}

perform_kegg_enrichment <- function(gene_list, gene_universe, title) {
  # Convert gene symbols to Entrez IDs
  entrez_ids <- bitr(gene_list, fromType = "SYMBOL", toType = "ENTREZID", OrgDb = org.Hs.eg.db)
  universe_entrez <- bitr(gene_universe, fromType = "SYMBOL", toType = "ENTREZID", OrgDb = org.Hs.eg.db)
  
  print(paste("Number of input genes:", length(gene_list)))
  print(paste("Number of input genes mapped to Entrez IDs:", nrow(entrez_ids)))
  print(paste("Number of universe genes:", length(gene_universe)))
  print(paste("Number of universe genes mapped to Entrez IDs:", nrow(universe_entrez)))
  
  if(nrow(entrez_ids) == 0) {
    warning(paste("No genes could be mapped for", title))
    return(NULL)
  }
  
  tryCatch({
    ekegg <- enrichKEGG(gene = entrez_ids$ENTREZID,
                        universe = universe_entrez$ENTREZID,
                        organism = 'hsa',
                        keyType = "kegg",
                        pvalueCutoff = 0.05,
                        pAdjustMethod = "BH")
    
    if(nrow(ekegg@result) == 0) {
      warning(paste("No enriched KEGG pathways found for", title))
      return(NULL)
    }
    
    p <- dotplot(ekegg, showCategory = 20, title = paste("KEGG -", title)) +
      theme(axis.text.y = element_text(size = 8))
    
    print(p)
    png(paste0("KEGG_enrichment_", gsub(" ", "_", title), ".png"), width = 12, height = 8, units = "in", res = 300)
    print(p)
    dev.off()
    
    return(ekegg)
  }, error = function(e) {
    warning(paste("Error in KEGG enrichment for", title, ":", e$message))
    return(NULL)
  })
}

gene_universe <- rownames(All_samples_Merged)

# P1 vs P2 comparison
upregulated_genes_P1vsP2 <- rownames(p1_vs_p2[p1_vs_p2$avg_log2FC > 1.5 & p1_vs_p2$p_val_adj < 0.001, ])
downregulated_genes_P1vsP2 <- rownames(p1_vs_p2[p1_vs_p2$avg_log2FC < -1.5 & p1_vs_p2$p_val_adj < 0.001, ])

go_up_P1vsP2 <- perform_go_enrichment(upregulated_genes_P1vsP2, gene_universe, "Upregulated Genes in P1 vs P2")

go_down_P1vsP2 <- perform_go_enrichment(downregulated_genes_P1vsP2, gene_universe, "Downregulated Genes in P1 vs P2")

kegg_up_P1vsP2 <- perform_kegg_enrichment(upregulated_genes_P1vsP2, gene_universe, "Upregulated Genes in P1 vs P2")

'select()' returned 1:1 mapping between keys and columns
Warning: 13.39% of input gene IDs are fail to map...'select()' returned 1:many mapping between keys and columns
Warning: 28.25% of input gene IDs are fail to map...

[1] "Number of input genes: 1591"
[1] "Number of input genes mapped to Entrez IDs: 1378"
[1] "Number of universe genes: 26176"
[1] "Number of universe genes mapped to Entrez IDs: 18785"

kegg_down_P1vsP2 <- perform_kegg_enrichment(downregulated_genes_P1vsP2, gene_universe, "Downregulated Genes in P1 vs P2")

'select()' returned 1:many mapping between keys and columns
Warning: 18.52% of input gene IDs are fail to map...'select()' returned 1:many mapping between keys and columns
Warning: 28.25% of input gene IDs are fail to map...

[1] "Number of input genes: 1982"
[1] "Number of input genes mapped to Entrez IDs: 1616"
[1] "Number of universe genes: 26176"
[1] "Number of universe genes mapped to Entrez IDs: 18785"

# P1 vs P3 comparison
upregulated_genes_P1vsP3 <- rownames(p1_vs_p3[p1_vs_p3$avg_log2FC > 1.5 & p1_vs_p3$p_val_adj < 0.001, ])
downregulated_genes_P1vsP3 <- rownames(p1_vs_p3[p1_vs_p3$avg_log2FC < -1.5 & p1_vs_p3$p_val_adj < 0.001, ])

go_up_P1vsP3 <- perform_go_enrichment(upregulated_genes_P1vsP3, gene_universe, "Upregulated Genes in P1 vs P3")

go_down_P1vsP3 <- perform_go_enrichment(downregulated_genes_P1vsP3, gene_universe, "Downregulated Genes in P1 vs P3")

kegg_up_P1vsP3 <- perform_kegg_enrichment(upregulated_genes_P1vsP3, gene_universe, "Upregulated Genes in P1 vs P3")

'select()' returned 1:many mapping between keys and columns
Warning: 12.52% of input gene IDs are fail to map...'select()' returned 1:many mapping between keys and columns
Warning: 28.25% of input gene IDs are fail to map...

[1] "Number of input genes: 1366"
[1] "Number of input genes mapped to Entrez IDs: 1196"
[1] "Number of universe genes: 26176"
[1] "Number of universe genes mapped to Entrez IDs: 18785"

kegg_down_P1vsP3 <- perform_kegg_enrichment(downregulated_genes_P1vsP3, gene_universe, "Downregulated Genes in P1 vs P3")

'select()' returned 1:1 mapping between keys and columns
Warning: 17.83% of input gene IDs are fail to map...'select()' returned 1:many mapping between keys and columns
Warning: 28.25% of input gene IDs are fail to map...

[1] "Number of input genes: 1694"
[1] "Number of input genes mapped to Entrez IDs: 1392"
[1] "Number of universe genes: 26176"
[1] "Number of universe genes mapped to Entrez IDs: 18785"

# P2 vs P3 comparison
upregulated_genes_P2vsP3 <- rownames(p2_vs_p3[p2_vs_p3$avg_log2FC > 1.5 & p2_vs_p3$p_val_adj < 0.001, ])
downregulated_genes_P2vsP3 <- rownames(p2_vs_p3[p2_vs_p3$avg_log2FC < -1.5 & p2_vs_p3$p_val_adj < 0.001, ])

go_up_P2vsP3 <- perform_go_enrichment(upregulated_genes_P2vsP3, gene_universe, "Upregulated Genes in P2 vs P3")

go_down_P2vsP3 <- perform_go_enrichment(downregulated_genes_P2vsP3, gene_universe, "Downregulated Genes in P2 vs P3")

kegg_up_P2vsP3 <- perform_kegg_enrichment(upregulated_genes_P2vsP3, gene_universe, "Upregulated Genes in P2 vs P3")

'select()' returned 1:many mapping between keys and columns
Warning: 17.18% of input gene IDs are fail to map...'select()' returned 1:many mapping between keys and columns
Warning: 28.25% of input gene IDs are fail to map...

[1] "Number of input genes: 1269"
[1] "Number of input genes mapped to Entrez IDs: 1053"
[1] "Number of universe genes: 26176"
[1] "Number of universe genes mapped to Entrez IDs: 18785"

kegg_down_P2vsP3 <- perform_kegg_enrichment(downregulated_genes_P2vsP3, gene_universe, "Downregulated Genes in P2 vs P3")

'select()' returned 1:1 mapping between keys and columns
Warning: 18.13% of input gene IDs are fail to map...'select()' returned 1:many mapping between keys and columns
Warning: 28.25% of input gene IDs are fail to map...

[1] "Number of input genes: 1219"
[1] "Number of input genes mapped to Entrez IDs: 998"
[1] "Number of universe genes: 26176"
[1] "Number of universe genes mapped to Entrez IDs: 18785"