subject_name<-c("john Doe", "Jane Doe", "Steve Graves")
temperature<-c(98.1, 98.6, 101.4)
flu_status<-c(FALSE,FALSE,TRUE)

temperature[2]
## [1] 98.6
temperature[2:3]
## [1]  98.6 101.4
temperature[-2]
## [1]  98.1 101.4
gender<-factor(c("MALE", "FEMALE","MALE"))
gender
## [1] MALE   FEMALE MALE  
## Levels: FEMALE MALE
blood<-factor(c("O", "AB", "A"), levels=c("A", "B", "AB", "O"))

symptoms <-factor(c("SEVERE", "MILD", "MODERATE"), levels=c("MILD","MODERATE", "SEVERE"), ordered=TRUE)
symptoms
## [1] SEVERE   MILD     MODERATE
## Levels: MILD < MODERATE < SEVERE
blood<-factor(c("O+","AB+","A+"),levels=c("A-", "AB-", "B-", "O-"))

symptoms>"MODERATE"
## [1]  TRUE FALSE FALSE
pt_data<-data.frame(subject_name, temperature, flu_status, gender, blood, symptoms, stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
pt_data
##   subject_name temperature flu_status gender blood symptoms
## 1     john Doe        98.1      FALSE   MALE  <NA>   SEVERE
## 2     Jane Doe        98.6      FALSE FEMALE  <NA>     MILD
## 3 Steve Graves       101.4       TRUE   MALE  <NA> MODERATE
pt_data$subject_name
## [1] "john Doe"     "Jane Doe"     "Steve Graves"
pt_data[1,2]
## [1] 98.1
pt_data[,1]
## [1] "john Doe"     "Jane Doe"     "Steve Graves"
pt_data[c(1,3),c(2,4)]
##   temperature gender
## 1        98.1   MALE
## 3       101.4   MALE
pt_data[,]
##   subject_name temperature flu_status gender blood symptoms
## 1     john Doe        98.1      FALSE   MALE  <NA>   SEVERE
## 2     Jane Doe        98.6      FALSE FEMALE  <NA>     MILD
## 3 Steve Graves       101.4       TRUE   MALE  <NA> MODERATE
pt_data[c(1,3),c("temperature", "gender")]
##   temperature gender
## 1        98.1   MALE
## 3       101.4   MALE
pt_data$temp_c<-(pt_data$temperature -32)*(5/9)
pt_data[c("temperature","temp_c")]
##   temperature   temp_c
## 1        98.1 36.72222
## 2        98.6 37.00000
## 3       101.4 38.55556

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