Vectors
subject_name <- c("John Doe", "Jane Doe", "Steve Graves")
temperature <- c(98.1, 98.6, 101.4)
flu_status <- c(FALSE, FALSE, TRUE)
Accessing Vector Elements
temperature[2]
[1] 98.6
temperature[2:3]
[1] 98.6 101.4
temperature[-2]
[1] 98.1 101.4
temperature[c(TRUE, TRUE, FALSE)]
[1] 98.1 98.6
Factors
gender <- factor(c("MALE", "FEMALE", "MALE"))
blood <- factor(c("O", "AB", "A"), levels = c("A", "B", "AB", "O"))
symptoms <- factor(c("SEVERE", "MILD", "MODERATE"), levels = c("MILD", "MODERATE", "SEVERE"), ordered = TRUE)
print(gender)
[1] MALE FEMALE MALE
Levels: FEMALE MALE
print(blood)
[1] O AB A
Levels: A B AB O
print(symptoms)
[1] SEVERE MILD MODERATE
Levels: MILD < MODERATE < SEVERE
Lists
subject1 <- list(fullname = subject_name[1], temperature = temperature[1], flu_status = flu_status[1], gender = gender[1], blood = blood[1], symptoms = symptoms[1])
print(subject1)
$fullname
[1] "John Doe"
$temperature
[1] 98.1
$flu_status
[1] FALSE
$gender
[1] MALE
Levels: FEMALE MALE
$blood
[1] O
Levels: A B AB O
$symptoms
[1] SEVERE
Levels: MILD < MODERATE < SEVERE
Accessing List Elements
subject1[2]
$temperature
[1] 98.1
subject1[[2]]
[1] 98.1
subject1$temperature
[1] 98.1
subject1[c("temperature", "flu_status")]
$temperature
[1] 98.1
$flu_status
[1] FALSE
Data Frames
pt_data <- data.frame(subject_name, temperature, flu_status, gender, blood, symptoms, stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
print(pt_data)
Accessing Data Frames
pt_data$subject_name
[1] "John Doe" "Jane Doe" "Steve Graves"
pt_data[c("temperature", "flu_status")]
pt_data[2:3]
pt_data[1, 2]
[1] 98.1
pt_data[c(1, 3), c(2, 4)]
pt_data[, 1]
[1] "John Doe" "Jane Doe" "Steve Graves"
pt_data[1, ]
Adding a Column
pt_data$temp_c <- (pt_data$temperature - 32) * (5 / 9)
print(pt_data[c("temperature", "temp_c")])
Matrices
m1 <- matrix(c(1, 2, 3, 4), nrow = 2)
m2 <- matrix(c(1, 2, 3, 4), ncol = 2)
m3 <- matrix(c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), nrow = 2)
m4 <- matrix(c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), ncol = 2)
print(m1)
print(m2)
print(m3)
print(m4)
Accessing Matrices
m4[1, 1]
m4[3, 2]
m4[1, ]
m4[, 1]
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