Viet_Ha_LabHW3
Viet Ha
2025-01-30
library(openintro) # Install the package if it's not available
library(dplyr)
library(tidyverse)loans <- select(loans_full_schema, loan_amount, interest_rate, term,
grade, state, annual_income, homeownership, debt_to_income)Lab Exercise
Answer the following questions by using unique or table function:
- How many distinct values are there for
homeownershipvariable? Which value is the most common one?
table(loans$homeownership)##
## ANY MORTGAGE OWN RENT
## 0 0 4789 1353 3858Answer: There are 3 distinct values. The most commone is
MORTGAGE.
- How many distinct interest rates are there? Which value is the most common one?
length(table(loans$interest_rate))## [1] 58sort(table(loans$interest_rate))##
## 30.94 6 30.75 30.65 29.69 30.17 30.79 22.9 23.87 25.81 22.91 24.84 28.72
## 1 3 4 5 9 9 11 13 20 26 28 31 31
## 23.88 26.77 24.85 25.82 26.3 21.85 20.39 19.42 17.47 20 18.45 21.45 18.06
## 37 38 42 47 53 90 93 114 124 137 146 172 176
## 14.07 5.31 6.71 10.41 17.09 16.01 19.03 15.04 6.07 7.96 13.58 5.32 7.34
## 183 188 192 194 195 196 197 199 202 211 225 234 243
## 9.92 11.98 12.61 7.97 10.9 6.08 9.43 16.02 15.05 10.91 6.72 14.08 7.35
## 248 255 264 274 275 277 280 284 304 306 312 318 325
## 12.62 10.42 13.59 9.44 11.99 9.93
## 333 346 347 367 376 390Answer: There are 58 distinct rates and the most common one is
9.93.
- Apply table function to the
annual_incomevariable. Do you think the result is helpful or not?
table(loans$annual_income)##
## 0 1 3000 3120 3300 4000 4800 5000
## 23 1 2 1 1 1 1 2
## 5208 5235 5500 7200 7500 7800 8000 8500
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 9000 9600 9840 9972 9996 10000 10320 10500
## 4 2 1 1 1 11 1 2
## 10548 10596 10800 11000 11150 11352 11772 12000
## 1 1 4 3 1 1 1 9
## 12036 12250 12276 12300 12480 12696 12816 13000
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6
## 13050 13136 13140 13164 13200 13390 13500 13692
## 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
## 13728 13800 13920 13930 14000 14200 14300 14364
## 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1
## 14400 14500 14508 14560 14568 14616 14928 15000
## 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 27
## 15200 15250 15380 15500 15599 15600 15864 15972
## 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
## 15984 15996 16000 16200 16356 16500 16620 16700
## 1 1 7 2 1 1 1 1
## 16752 16848 17000 17200 17340 17453 17500 18000
## 1 1 14 1 1 1 1 19
## 18312 18348 18375 18400 18500 18624 18700 18708
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 18720 18800 18900 18960 19000 19200 19250 19582.09
## 1 1 1 1 12 2 1 1
## 19700 19719 20000 20076 20280 20376 20400 20562
## 1 1 46 1 1 1 2 1
## 20567 20600 20712 20800 21000 21049 21120 21320
## 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1
## 21432 21444 21500 21600 21750 21800 21900 21918
## 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1
## 22000 22104 22114 22212 22244 22362.75 22500 22560
## 20 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 22568 22644.7 22772.25 22800 22848 23000 23040 23077
## 1 1 1 4 1 24 1 1
## 23500 23666 23898 23920 24000 24402 24480 24482
## 3 1 1 1 41 1 1 1
## 24525 24538 24576 24720 25000 25100 25200 25236
## 1 1 1 1 92 1 4 1
## 25252 25320 25356 25400 25465 25500 25560 25600
## 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1
## 25700 25800 25825 25875 25920 25992 26000 26127
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 33 1
## 26271 26304 26400 26448 26500 26551 26592 26600
## 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1
## 26694 26895 27000 27200 27278 27354 27480 27500
## 1 1 21 1 1 1 1 3
## 27511 27550 27600 27610 27684 27703 27840 27872
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 27976 28000 28100 28201.32 28500 28560 28600 28711
## 1 48 1 1 3 1 1 1
## 28740 28750 28790 28800 28865 29000 29016 29120
## 1 1 1 3 1 19 1 2
## 29200 29250 29300 29388 29400 29415 29500 29744
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
## 29760 29881.32 29982 30000 30163 30205.5 30457 30504
## 1 1 1 168 1 1 1 1
## 30564 30600 30720 30784 30800 31000 31200 31250
## 1 1 2 1 1 32 6 1
## 31280.04 31300 31304 31360 31500 31536 31600 31656
## 1 1 1 1 6 1 2 1
## 31680 31700 31800 31812 31858 31942.63 31972 32000
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 77
## 32028 32112 32248.24 32300 32340 32344 32357 32500
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5
## 32688 32760 32800 32844 32900 33000 33024 33040
## 1 1 1 2 1 46 1 1
## 33110 33134.4 33186 33195 33197 33250 33280 33300
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
## 33395 33427.94 33477 33480 33500 33600 33661.32 33701
## 1 1 1 1 3 4 1 1
## 33768 33800 33852 33918 33975 33996 33999 34000
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 45
## 34047 34113 34235 34320 34385 34415.16 34416 34451
## 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
## 34500 34521 34560 34600 34625.64 34700 34733.5 34771
## 4 1 3 1 1 1 1 1
## 34800 34840 34964 34982.21 35000 35200 35300 35360
## 1 1 1 1 182 1 1 1
## 35500 35568 35600 35790 35859 35860 36000 36025
## 2 1 2 1 1 1 73 1
## 36051 36144 36171 36224 36240 36250 36300 36320
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 36331 36400 36420 36433 36500 36536 36598 36609
## 1 4 2 1 2 1 1 1
## 36610 36780 36785 36800 36886.32 36900 37000 37020
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 46 1
## 37024 37183.56 37200 37260 37262 37400 37440 37447
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
## 37500 37540 37700 37770 37780 37840 38000 38043
## 5 1 1 1 1 2 70 1
## 38168 38200 38248 38272 38400 38411 38427 38450
## 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 1
## 38455 38464 38500 38550 38560 38600 38666 38678
## 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 1
## 38700 38900 38979 38990.47 39000 39053 39332.8 39362
## 2 1 1 1 47 1 1 1
## 39400 39442 39500 39520 39579 39600 39800 39804
## 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1
## 39900 39910 39995 40000 40012 40059.96 40250 40280
## 1 1 1 247 1 1 1 1
## 40296 40320 40390 40400 40552 40600 40743.25 40758
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 40765 40800 40825 41000 41072 41200 41280 41364
## 1 2 1 35 1 1 1 1
## 41442 41500 41524 41600 41640.62 41787 41900 41969
## 1 3 1 6 1 1 1 1
## 42000 42204 42240 42321 42433 42500 42563 42585.6
## 121 1 1 1 1 5 1 1
## 42600 42614 42640 42655.99 42700 42733 42755 42780
## 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
## 42996 43000 43125 43188.48 43200 43260 43437 43492.8
## 1 53 1 1 2 1 1 1
## 43500 43600 43611 43640 43664 43678 43896 43900
## 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 43930 44000 44050 44088 44100 44184 44190 44200
## 1 37 1 1 1 1 1 3
## 44211 44240 44268 44346 44393 44500 44600 44640
## 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 1
## 44668 44775 44820 44865 44900 45000 45001 45198
## 1 1 1 1 1 204 1 1
## 45240 45300 45360 45384 45500 45576 45700 45782
## 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
## 45804 45930 46000 46080 46128 46219 46236 46280
## 1 1 40 1 1 1 1 1
## 46310 46328 46400 46422 46500 46556 46650 46680
## 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1
## 46800 46996 47000 47028 47106 47128 47328 47418
## 2 1 32 1 1 1 1 1
## 47476 47500 47595 47600 47611.2 47700 47710.44 47757
## 1 4 1 1 1 3 1 1
## 47782 47800 47840 47960 48000 48028 48200 48222
## 1 2 2 1 116 1 2 1
## 48300 48370 48391 48425 48450 48500 48509 48580
## 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
## 48589 48712 48750 48769 48996 49000 49200 49300
## 1 1 2 1 1 31 1 1
## 49343 49500 49583 49623 49642 49650 49920 49992
## 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 50000 50066 50120 50129 50160 50220 50256 50320
## 350 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 50400 50615 50622 50676 50731 50840 50912 50919
## 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 50960 50976 51000 51072 51200 51252 51500 51600
## 1 1 31 1 2 1 1 1
## 51632 51754 51800 51882 51883 51900 51921 52000
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 90
## 52140 52250 52278.85 52300 52325 52400 52420 52440
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 52464 52499.2 52500 52505.4 52537 52540 52600 52680
## 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1
## 52755 52764 52780 52821.43 53000 53038.52 53045 53200
## 1 1 1 1 39 1 1 1
## 53232 53246 53400 53456 53500 53527.6 53574 53592
## 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1
## 53654.88 53695 53700 53701 53774 53800 53900 53953
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 54000 54024 54032 54059.5 54100 54105 54127.1 54164
## 69 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 54200 54237 54250 54269 54300 54500 54600 54625
## 3 1 1 1 1 5 3 1
## 54750 54800 54840 54883 54902 54996 55000 55120
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 236 1
## 55160.04 55200 55213 55232 55296 55400 55412 55500
## 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 55523.24 55584 55700 55836 55944 56000 56160 56309
## 1 1 1 1 1 66 1 1
## 56368 56400 56419.68 56446 56450 56500 56736 56750
## 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1
## 56800 56820 56891 56912 57000 57056.62 57200 57500
## 1 1 1 1 48 1 1 9
## 57506 57564 57600 57626 57820 57845 57920 58000
## 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 69
## 58142 58240 58250 58380 58500 58544 58559 58700
## 1 1 2 1 4 1 1 1
## 58734 58746 58756 58764 58800 58900 59000 59019
## 1 1 1 1 4 1 37 1
## 59054 59142 59182 59200 59300 59390 59500 59600
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 59700 59789 59819.97 59869 59871 59991 60000 60100
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 383 1
## 60198 60200 60372 60433 60495.2 60500 60600 60705
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
## 60800 60825 60960 61000 61175 61200 61300 61368
## 1 1 1 31 1 1 1 1
## 61400 61400.91 61500 61538 61582 61584 61766 61800
## 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
## 61846 61880 62000 62004 62100 62200 62300 62339
## 1 1 76 1 1 1 1 1
## 62400 62500 62628 62712 62800 62823 62914 62933.64
## 11 4 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 63000 63024 63071 63130 63215 63235 63288 63330
## 50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 63360 63373 63446.53 63477.84 63500 63645 63695 63700
## 2 1 1 1 4 1 1 1
## 63780 63938 63950 64000 64106 64449 64600 64655
## 1 1 1 46 1 1 1 1
## 64660 64721 64800 64865 64874 64934 64992 65000
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 314
## 65244 65318.52 65488 65500 65700 65800 65895 65900
## 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 1
## 65918 65926 66000 66144 66150 66200 66300 66500
## 1 1 29 1 1 1 1 2
## 66800 66872 66900 66913.6 66920 66996 67000 67200
## 1 1 2 1 1 1 46 3
## 67400 67500 67600 67700 67745 67760 67764 67790
## 4 4 3 1 1 1 1 1
## 67800 67846 68000 68095 68186 68200 68250 68274
## 1 1 76 1 1 2 1 1
## 68353 68400 68450 68520 68575 68640 68700 68748
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
## 68750 68810 69000 69077 69108 69116 69131 69200
## 2 1 28 1 1 1 1 1
## 69351 69467 69700 69800 69854 69860 69900 69996
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
## 70000 70020 70090 70200 70209 70260 70400 70480
## 273 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 70500 70540 70566 70866 70900 71000 71104 71240
## 3 1 1 1 1 41 1 1
## 71400 71422 71487 71500 72000 72100 72135 72150
## 1 1 1 3 110 1 1 1
## 72197.95 72200 72276 72320 72400 72465 72500 72550
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1
## 72600 72612 72672 72720 72768 72800 72828 72900
## 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1
## 72949 73000 73364 73400 73460 73500 73623 74000
## 1 29 1 1 1 1 1 27
## 74106 74200 74300 74400 74500 74600 74620 74644
## 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1
## 74870 74895 75000 75200 75250 75312 75341 75400
## 1 1 260 1 2 1 1 1
## 75500 75610 75696 75800 75894 75999 76000 76012
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 36 1
## 76300 76500 76590 76760 76800 76892 77000 77017
## 1 4 1 1 1 1 26 1
## 77049.16 77100 77177.88 77400 77500 77856 77900 78000
## 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 60
## 78132.55 78500 78648 78762 78816 78900 78927 79000
## 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 19
## 79040 79043 79300 79312 79500 79547 79584 79700
## 2 1 1 1 5 1 1 2
## 79800 79982 79992 80000 80200 80400 80500 80833.44
## 1 1 1 248 1 2 2 1
## 80901 80969.94 81000 81015 81120 81200 81250 81257.8
## 1 1 23 1 1 1 1 1
## 81526 81750 81800 81900 82000 82048 82200 82416
## 1 1 1 1 60 1 1 1
## 82500 82756.8 82767.78 83000 83004 83043 83200 83207
## 6 1 1 30 1 1 1 1
## 83233 83500 83600 83740 83800 83819.67 84000 84240
## 1 1 1 2 1 1 34 1
## 84279.78 84362 84396 84400 84500 84646 84676 84800
## 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1
## 85000 85175.04 85208.71 85410 85441 85451 85500 85600
## 141 1 1 1 1 1 4 1
## 85605 85750 85765 85800 85820 86000 86110 86500
## 1 1 1 1 1 37 1 2
## 86845 86850 87000 87040 87120 87125 87276 87400
## 1 1 24 1 1 1 1 2
## 87500 87600 87800 87812 88000 88116 88141 88251
## 9 1 1 1 29 1 1 1
## 88272 88300 88400 88500 88600 88932 88944 89000
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 26
## 89179 89206 89400 89500 89748 90000 90500 90540
## 1 1 1 1 1 204 2 1
## 90666 90720 91000 91100 91200 91275 91380 91690
## 1 1 22 1 2 1 1 1
## 91900 92000 92200 92290 92400 92465 92500 92600
## 1 45 1 1 1 1 1 1
## 92879 92942 93000 93006 93300 93500 93600 93700
## 1 1 18 1 1 5 2 1
## 93707 93844 94000 94500 94966 95000 95280 95500
## 1 1 29 1 1 96 1 2
## 95504 95543 95634 95731 95800 96000 96152 96355.33
## 1 1 1 1 1 36 1 1
## 96400 96500 96512 96774 96800 96821.31 96996 97000
## 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 21
## 97500 97598 97600 98000 98241 98281 98460 98560
## 3 1 1 37 1 1 1 1
## 98700 98728 99000 99097 99270 99985 1e+05 100100
## 1 1 18 1 1 1 221 1
## 100203 100500 100600 100609.6 100800 101000 101200 101400
## 1 1 1 1 1 22 1 1
## 101500 101576 101760 101794 101851 101920 102000 102004
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 23 1
## 102500 102900 102947 103000 103170 103294 103500 103960
## 2 1 1 24 1 1 3 1
## 104000 104176.66 104465 104500 104550 104660 105000 105832
## 27 1 1 1 1 1 66 1
## 106000 106080 106090 106300 106500 106686 106883 107000
## 23 1 1 1 2 1 1 19
## 107200 107611 108000 108254.9 108367 108407 109000 109500
## 1 1 26 1 1 1 18 1
## 109600 109688 109992 110000 110100 110500 111000 111230.9
## 1 1 1 124 1 2 6 1
## 111275 111996 112000 112029 112500 112700 112798 112914
## 1 1 19 1 2 1 1 1
## 113000 113213.25 113409 113500 114000 114416 115000 115200
## 8 1 1 2 16 1 62 1
## 115800 115942 116000 116162 116365 116480 117000 117650
## 1 1 6 1 2 1 15 1
## 118000 118500 119000 119016 119216 119568 120000 120690
## 14 2 4 1 1 1 178 1
## 120700 120850 121000 121500 121800 122000 123000 123973
## 1 1 6 1 1 11 7 1
## 124000 124500 124730 124800 125000 125381 126000 126049
## 7 2 1 1 89 1 12 1
## 126200 126402 126700 127000 127200 127563 128000 128500
## 1 1 1 6 1 1 14 2
## 129000 129600 130000 130500 130800 131000 131004.7 132000
## 7 1 80 1 1 4 1 14
## 132200 132300 132323 132400 132454 132500 132900 133000
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7
## 133500 134000 134315 134666.2 134676 135000 135400 135500
## 1 2 1 1 1 34 1 1
## 135865 136000 137000 137200 137500 138000 138900 139000
## 1 5 6 1 2 11 1 8
## 139200 139500 140000 141000 142000 142500 143000 143559
## 1 1 75 1 10 2 3 1
## 144000 145000 145262 146000 147000 148000 148600 148650
## 14 26 1 4 4 3 1 1
## 148692 150000 151000 151500 152000 153000 154000 154400
## 1 99 5 1 11 2 4 1
## 155000 155555 156000 157000 158000 159000 160000 160482
## 25 1 7 3 3 3 44 1
## 161000 161105 162000 163000 164000 164200 165000 165200
## 2 1 3 4 1 1 22 1
## 166000 166088 166400 166600 167000 168000 168500 169000
## 5 1 1 1 5 4 1 2
## 169880 170000 171000 172000 173180 175000 175500 175900
## 1 31 1 4 1 29 1 1
## 175933 176000 177000 179000 179443 180000 182000 182200
## 1 1 2 1 1 43 4 1
## 183000 185000 185220 186000 187000 187116 187500 188000
## 1 22 1 1 1 1 1 2
## 188500 189000 190000 191000 192000 193000 193783 194000
## 1 5 23 1 2 1 1 1
## 195000 196000 197000 197280 198000 198999 2e+05 204000
## 10 4 1 1 3 1 46 2
## 205000 206000 208000 208888 209000 210000 211000 212000
## 9 4 1 1 1 8 1 1
## 212500 214458 215000 216000 217000 220000 220500 223500
## 1 1 1 1 1 13 1 1
## 225000 230000 231000 232000 233000 235000 236000 240000
## 11 9 1 1 2 5 1 15
## 245000 249996 250000 252000 254000 255000 256000 258000
## 6 1 30 1 2 1 1 2
## 258240 260000 264000 265000 270000 271000 275000 278000
## 1 8 1 2 1 1 9 1
## 280000 281000 281125 285000 288000 289000 289139 290000
## 8 1 1 2 1 1 1 2
## 294000 299520 3e+05 301000 305000 312221 315000 316317
## 1 1 24 1 1 1 2 1
## 318000 319000 320000 325000 325500 330000 332000 340000
## 1 1 4 3 1 2 1 2
## 349000 350000 351950 352250 353000 355000 363000 375000
## 1 9 1 1 1 1 1 3
## 377000 388000 389000 4e+05 405000 410000 418000 420000
## 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1
## 425000 430000 440000 450000 485000 498000 5e+05 520000
## 1 1 1 2 1 1 5 1
## 550000 6e+05 650000 7e+05 740000 750000 780000 793000
## 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1
## 885000 910000 1020000 1050000 1200000 1600001 2300000
## 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Answer: Since annual income is a continuous variable,
the result may not be useful because most values are unique.
Lab Exercise
- Create a histogram of
loan_amount. Customize your plot to give a graph that looks most reasonable to you.
ggplot(data = loans) +
geom_histogram(mapping = aes(x = loan_amount), binwidth = 5000, boundary = 10)
- Create a histogram of annual_income. What is the issue with your graph?
ggplot(loans) +
geom_histogram(mapping = aes(x = annual_income))
Answer: This histogram is right-skewed due to extreme income values. A
few very high-income individuals can stretch the graph.
Lab Exercise
Create a histogram of variable debt_to_income in loans with the following requirements:
- The plotting range of x is between 0 and 100
- The binwidth is 2
- Create a density plot on top of the histogram
ggplot(loans, aes(x = debt_to_income)) +
geom_histogram(aes(y = after_stat(density)), binwidth = 3, boundary = 0,
colour = "black", fill = "white") +
geom_density(linewidth = 1.2) +
xlim(0,100)
Question: Can you explain the distribution of debt_to_income? Answer:
The distribution of debt_to_income is right-skewed. Because
most borrowers have a low debt-to-income and a few borrowers have very
high debt-to-income.
Lab Exercise
For loans data, create a scatter plot of interest_rate vs debt_to_income with mapping color to grade. What can you learn from the graph?
Answer: From the graph, it tells as debt_to_income increases, the interest rate also tends to rise.
ggplot(loans) +
geom_point(aes(x = debt_to_income, y = interest_rate, color = grade))
Lab homework
Create a scatter plot of loan_amount vs interest_rate with a color grouping using term variable (please use factor(term) to convert it into a categorical variable). Save your plot to your local folder.
ggplot(loans) +
geom_point(aes(x = loan_amount, y = interest_rate, colour = factor(term)))
ggsave("my_plot.pdf")