Association rules - analysis of games recommendations from Steam
Adam Pochmara
2025-01-30
The purpose of this work is to analyze game recommendations made by users of the Steam platform. For this, association rules will be used, an unsupervised learning technique employed to analyze patterns and similarities in data.
Data sources
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/antonkozyriev/game-recommendations-on-steam - The dataset contains over 41 million cleaned and preprocessed user recommendations (reviews) from a Steam Store - a leading online platform for purchasing and downloading video games, DLC, and other gaming-related content.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/fronkongames/steam-games-dataset/data - Information on more than 97,000 games published on Steam.
The datasets were collected from Steam Official Store.
Data preparation
dane <- fread("recommendations.csv",select = c("app_id", "is_recommended", "user_id"))
dane2 <- fread("games.csv",select = c("AppID", "Name","Genres","Release date","Developers","Publishers"))
dane2 <- dane2 %>%
filter(!if_any(everything(), ~ . == "")) # deleting observations with lack of some data about game
dane2$"Release date" <- year(mdy(dane2$"Release date")) #changing string with day,month and year to year only
dane2$Genres <- ifelse(dane2$Genres == "", "no genre", dane2$Genres)
uniqueGenres <- unique(unlist(str_split(dane2$Genres, "\\,")))
uniqueGenres## [1] "Casual" "Indie" "Sports"
## [4] "Action" "Adventure" "Strategy"
## [7] "Free to Play" "Massively Multiplayer" "RPG"
## [10] "Simulation" "Early Access" "Racing"
## [13] "Utilities" "Education" "Sexual Content"
## [16] "Nudity" "Violent" "Gore"
## [19] "Design & Illustration" "Animation & Modeling" "Game Development"
## [22] "Web Publishing" "Software Training" "Photo Editing"
## [25] "Audio Production" "Video Production" "Accounting"
## [28] "Movie" "Documentary" "Episodic"
## [31] "Short" "Tutorial" "360 Video"
## [34] "Free To Play"dane2 %>% filter(str_detect(Genres, "no genre")) %>% nrow()## [1] 0dane2 <- dane2[! dane2$Genres == "no genre", ] #deleting games with no genre listed
colnames(dane2)[1] ="app_id"
for(genre in uniqueGenres) {
dane2[[str_c("genre_", genre)]] = ifelse(str_detect(dane2$Genres, genre), 1, 0)
}
genreDist <- colSums(dane2[, 7:39])
genreDistDF <- data.frame(genre = names(genreDist),count = genreDist)
genreDistDF$genre <- str_sub(str_trim(genreDistDF$genre), start = 7, end = -1)
genreDistDF # genres of games from Steam## genre count
## genre_Casual Casual 39119
## genre_Indie Indie 64195
## genre_Sports Sports 4225
## genre_Action Action 37799
## genre_Adventure Adventure 35735
## genre_Strategy Strategy 17692
## genre_Free to Play Free to Play 7889
## genre_Massively Multiplayer Massively Multiplayer 2405
## genre_RPG RPG 16606
## genre_Simulation Simulation 18510
## genre_Early Access Early Access 12052
## genre_Racing Racing 3458
## genre_Utilities Utilities 921
## genre_Education Education 416
## genre_Sexual Content Sexual Content 107
## genre_Nudity Nudity 120
## genre_Violent Violent 523
## genre_Gore Gore 309
## genre_Design & Illustration Design & Illustration 536
## genre_Animation & Modeling Animation & Modeling 440
## genre_Game Development Game Development 258
## genre_Web Publishing Web Publishing 115
## genre_Software Training Software Training 216
## genre_Photo Editing Photo Editing 150
## genre_Audio Production Audio Production 217
## genre_Video Production Video Production 316
## genre_Accounting Accounting 26
## genre_Movie Movie 2
## genre_Documentary Documentary 1
## genre_Episodic Episodic 1
## genre_Short Short 2
## genre_Tutorial Tutorial 1
## genre_360 Video 360 Video 1dane2 = dane2[,1:6]
dane2 = dane2[,-3]
dane <- dane[dane$is_recommended == TRUE, ] #only positive opinions
dane = dane[,-2]
dane <- dane %>%
group_by(user_id) %>%
filter(n() >= 10) %>%
ungroup() # users with more than 10 recommendations
dane = merge(dane,dane2)
matrix1 <- as(split(dane$Name, dane$user_id), "transactions")
matrix1 #matrix of transactions with names of games## transactions in sparse format with
## 548339 transactions (rows) and
## 36293 items (columns)matrix2 <- as(split(dane$app_id, dane$user_id), "transactions")
matrix2 #matrix of transactions for later processing## transactions in sparse format with
## 548339 transactions (rows) and
## 36375 items (columns)Because of the technical limitations, I will analyze only recommendations from users with 10 positive opinions about games. app_id is the id of an application from the Steam Store. Almost all of them are computer games and I will refer to them as simply games in whole paper. We have 11 mln observations in the merged dataset at the moment.
Genres
(from Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie_game) An indie video game or indie game, short for independent video game, is a video game created by individuals or smaller development teams without the financial and technical support of a large game publisher.
From more than 90 thousand games in the dataset, 2/3 of them are indie games, which makes sense, because the majority of games are developed in small studios. Casual, Action and Adventure categories are listed in almost half of the games. Near 10 thousand games are early access games, a popular feature at the Steam Store, where gamers have access to developing games before their premiere. Simulation, RPG and Strategy games are a big chunk of games on Steam too.
genreDistDF <- genreDistDF %>% arrange(desc(count))
genreDistDF2 = genreDistDF[1:10,]
ggplot(genreDistDF2, aes(x = reorder(genre, -count), y = count, fill = genre)) + geom_bar(stat = "identity") + ggtitle("Distribution of Genres") + theme(legend.position = "none", axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90)) + xlab("Genre") + ylab("Count")
The most recommended games on Steam
From the frequency plot, we can see that a lot of players recommend popular games, which they own too. Polish Studio CDProject RED games have a high position(second and fourth).
itemFrequencyPlot(matrix1, topN = 20)
image(sample(matrix1, 20000))
Apriori algorithm
I run apriori algorithm with relaxed conditions to find as many rules in data as possible.
ruleParameters <- list(supp = 0.001, conf = 0.01, maxlen = 2)
associationRules <- apriori(matrix2, parameter = ruleParameters)## Apriori
##
## Parameter specification:
## confidence minval smax arem aval originalSupport maxtime support minlen
## 0.01 0.1 1 none FALSE TRUE 5 0.001 1
## maxlen target ext
## 2 rules TRUE
##
## Algorithmic control:
## filter tree heap memopt load sort verbose
## 0.1 TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE 2 TRUE
##
## Absolute minimum support count: 548
##
## set item appearances ...[0 item(s)] done [0.00s].
## set transactions ...[36375 item(s), 548339 transaction(s)] done [3.27s].
## sorting and recoding items ... [2872 item(s)] done [0.16s].
## creating transaction tree ... done [0.60s].
## checking subsets of size 1 2## done [0.76s].
## writing ... [48656 rule(s)] done [0.01s].
## creating S4 object ... done [0.07s].AS <- apriori(matrix1, parameter = ruleParameters)## Apriori
##
## Parameter specification:
## confidence minval smax arem aval originalSupport maxtime support minlen
## 0.01 0.1 1 none FALSE TRUE 5 0.001 1
## maxlen target ext
## 2 rules TRUE
##
## Algorithmic control:
## filter tree heap memopt load sort verbose
## 0.1 TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE 2 TRUE
##
## Absolute minimum support count: 548
##
## set item appearances ...[0 item(s)] done [0.00s].
## set transactions ...[36293 item(s), 548339 transaction(s)] done [3.58s].
## sorting and recoding items ... [2872 item(s)] done [0.16s].
## creating transaction tree ... done [0.59s].
## checking subsets of size 1 2## done [1.14s].
## writing ... [48656 rule(s)] done [0.02s].
## creating S4 object ... done [0.10s].summary(associationRules)## set of 48656 rules
##
## rule length distribution (lhs + rhs):sizes
## 1 2
## 422 48234
##
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 1.000 2.000 2.000 1.991 2.000 2.000
##
## summary of quality measures:
## support confidence coverage lift
## Min. :0.001001 Min. :0.01004 Min. :0.001492 Min. : 0.4169
## 1st Qu.:0.001182 1st Qu.:0.03830 1st Qu.:0.019012 1st Qu.: 1.4335
## Median :0.001468 Median :0.05847 Median :0.027837 Median : 1.9652
## Mean :0.002011 Mean :0.07312 Mean :0.041142 Mean : 3.0994
## 3rd Qu.:0.002072 3rd Qu.:0.08971 3rd Qu.:0.041786 3rd Qu.: 2.8834
## Max. :0.098833 Max. :0.79682 Max. :1.000000 Max. :345.5312
## count
## Min. : 549
## 1st Qu.: 648
## Median : 805
## Mean : 1103
## 3rd Qu.: 1136
## Max. :54194
##
## mining info:
## data ntransactions support confidence
## matrix2 548339 0.001 0.01
## call
## apriori(data = matrix2, parameter = ruleParameters)inspect(sort(AS, by = "lift")[1:100])## lhs rhs support confidence coverage lift count
## [1] {fault - milestone two side:above} => {fault - milestone one} 0.001161690 0.6969365 0.001666852 345.53118 637
## [2] {fault - milestone one} => {fault - milestone two side:above} 0.001161690 0.5759494 0.002017000 345.53118 637
## [3] {Yakuza 5 Remastered} => {Yakuza 4 Remastered} 0.001528252 0.6486068 0.002356207 269.64095 838
## [4] {Yakuza 4 Remastered} => {Yakuza 5 Remastered} 0.001528252 0.6353298 0.002405446 269.64095 838
## [5] {Zup! 6} => {Zup! 5} 0.001074153 0.5802956 0.001851045 252.13842 589
## [6] {Zup! 5} => {Zup! 6} 0.001074153 0.4667195 0.002301496 252.13842 589
## [7] {Hexcells Plus} => {Hexcells} 0.001311233 0.7458506 0.001758037 228.35231 719
## [8] {Hexcells} => {Hexcells Plus} 0.001311233 0.4014517 0.003266228 228.35231 719
## [9] {Zup! 4} => {Zup! 5} 0.001258346 0.5203620 0.002418212 226.09729 690
## [10] {Zup! 5} => {Zup! 4} 0.001258346 0.5467512 0.002301496 226.09729 690
## [11] {Zup! 4} => {Zup! 6} 0.001004853 0.4155354 0.002418212 224.48699 551
## [12] {Zup! 6} => {Zup! 4} 0.001004853 0.5428571 0.001851045 224.48699 551
## [13] {Zup! 4} => {Zup! Zero} 0.001119745 0.4630468 0.002418212 223.70625 614
## [14] {Zup! Zero} => {Zup! 4} 0.001119745 0.5409692 0.002069887 223.70625 614
## [15] {Zup! Zero} => {Zup! 5} 0.001048621 0.5066079 0.002069887 220.12115 575
## [16] {Zup! 5} => {Zup! Zero} 0.001048621 0.4556260 0.002301496 220.12115 575
## [17] {Yakuza 5 Remastered} => {Yakuza 6: The Song of Life} 0.001289348 0.5472136 0.002356207 219.50151 707
## [18] {Yakuza 6: The Song of Life} => {Yakuza 5 Remastered} 0.001289348 0.5171909 0.002492983 219.50151 707
## [19] {Rusty Lake Paradise} => {Rusty Lake: Roots} 0.001139806 0.6021195 0.001892990 218.50800 625
## [20] {Rusty Lake: Roots} => {Rusty Lake Paradise} 0.001139806 0.4136334 0.002755595 218.50800 625
## [21] {Yakuza 4 Remastered} => {Yakuza 3 Remastered} 0.001737976 0.7225171 0.002405446 214.38543 953
## [22] {Yakuza 3 Remastered} => {Yakuza 4 Remastered} 0.001737976 0.5156926 0.003370178 214.38543 953
## [23] {Yakuza 6: The Song of Life} => {Yakuza 4 Remastered} 0.001205459 0.4835406 0.002492983 201.01908 661
## [24] {Yakuza 4 Remastered} => {Yakuza 6: The Song of Life} 0.001205459 0.5011372 0.002405446 201.01908 661
## [25] {Yakuza 3 Remastered} => {Yakuza 5 Remastered} 0.001486307 0.4410173 0.003370178 187.17260 815
## [26] {Yakuza 5 Remastered} => {Yakuza 3 Remastered} 0.001486307 0.6308050 0.002356207 187.17260 815
## [27] {Zup! 4} => {Zup! 3} 0.001548312 0.6402715 0.002418212 173.03392 849
## [28] {Zup! 3} => {Zup! 4} 0.001548312 0.4184327 0.003700266 173.03392 849
## [29] {Chaos on Deponia} => {Deponia} 0.001096037 0.7347188 0.001491778 159.74425 601
## [30] {Deponia} => {Chaos on Deponia} 0.001096037 0.2383029 0.004599345 159.74425 601
## [31] {Zup! 5} => {Zup! 3} 0.001278406 0.5554675 0.002301496 150.11557 701
## [32] {Zup! 3} => {Zup! 5} 0.001278406 0.3454904 0.003700266 150.11557 701
## [33] {Zup! 3} => {Zup! 6} 0.001024913 0.2769837 0.003700266 149.63644 562
## [34] {Zup! 6} => {Zup! 3} 0.001024913 0.5536946 0.001851045 149.63644 562
## [35] {Zup! Zero} => {Zup! 3} 0.001139806 0.5506608 0.002069887 148.81655 625
## [36] {Zup! 3} => {Zup! Zero} 0.001139806 0.3080335 0.003700266 148.81655 625
## [37] {Rusty Lake Paradise} => {Rusty Lake Hotel} 0.001010324 0.5337187 0.001892990 148.18166 554
## [38] {Rusty Lake Hotel} => {Rusty Lake Paradise} 0.001010324 0.2805063 0.003601786 148.18166 554
## [39] {Senren＊Banka} => {Riddle Joker} 0.001044974 0.2606915 0.004008469 146.76318 573
## [40] {Riddle Joker} => {Senren＊Banka} 0.001044974 0.5882957 0.001776273 146.76318 573
## [41] {Yakuza 6: The Song of Life} => {Yakuza 3 Remastered} 0.001227343 0.4923189 0.002492983 146.08100 673
## [42] {Yakuza 3 Remastered} => {Yakuza 6: The Song of Life} 0.001227343 0.3641775 0.003370178 146.08100 673
## [43] {Call of Duty®} => {Call of Duty® 2} 0.001130687 0.4707669 0.002401799 143.89066 620
## [44] {Call of Duty® 2} => {Call of Duty®} 0.001130687 0.3455964 0.003271699 143.89066 620
## [45] {Hexcells Infinite} => {Hexcells} 0.001081448 0.4607615 0.002347088 141.06839 593
## [46] {Hexcells} => {Hexcells Infinite} 0.001081448 0.3310999 0.003266228 141.06839 593
## [47] {Hyperdimension Neptunia Re;Birth1} => {Hyperdimension Neptunia Re;Birth2: Sisters Generation} 0.001322175 0.2515614 0.005255873 136.57518 725
## [48] {Hyperdimension Neptunia Re;Birth2: Sisters Generation} => {Hyperdimension Neptunia Re;Birth1} 0.001322175 0.7178218 0.001841926 136.57518 725
## [49] {Zup! 4} => {Zup! 2} 0.001550136 0.6410256 0.002418212 130.47489 850
## [50] {Zup! 2} => {Zup! 4} 0.001550136 0.3155160 0.004913019 130.47489 850
## [51] {Gothic II: Gold Edition} => {Gothic 1} 0.001871105 0.5366109 0.003486894 128.88510 1026
## [52] {Gothic 1} => {Gothic II: Gold Edition} 0.001871105 0.4494087 0.004163483 128.88510 1026
## [53] {METAL SLUG X} => {METAL SLUG 3} 0.001032208 0.5390476 0.001914874 127.68071 566
## [54] {METAL SLUG 3} => {METAL SLUG X} 0.001032208 0.2444924 0.004221841 127.68071 566
## [55] {Five Nights at Freddy's 4} => {Five Nights at Freddy's 3} 0.001158043 0.3529739 0.003280817 126.17297 635
## [56] {Five Nights at Freddy's 3} => {Five Nights at Freddy's 4} 0.001158043 0.4139505 0.002797539 126.17297 635
## [57] {Rusty Lake: Roots} => {Rusty Lake Hotel} 0.001251051 0.4540040 0.002755595 126.04966 686
## [58] {Rusty Lake Hotel} => {Rusty Lake: Roots} 0.001251051 0.3473418 0.003601786 126.04966 686
## [59] {The Dark Pictures Anthology: Man of Medan} => {The Dark Pictures Anthology: Little Hope} 0.001085095 0.2889752 0.003754976 118.87201 595
## [60] {The Dark Pictures Anthology: Little Hope} => {The Dark Pictures Anthology: Man of Medan} 0.001085095 0.4463616 0.002430978 118.87201 595
## [61] {Zup! 5} => {Zup! 2} 0.001300291 0.5649762 0.002301496 114.99573 713
## [62] {Zup! 2} => {Zup! 5} 0.001300291 0.2646622 0.004913019 114.99573 713
## [63] {Zup! Zero} => {Zup! 2} 0.001154395 0.5577093 0.002069887 113.51660 633
## [64] {Zup! 2} => {Zup! Zero} 0.001154395 0.2349666 0.004913019 113.51660 633
## [65] {Gothic II: Gold Edition} => {Gothic® 3} 0.001085095 0.3111925 0.003486894 112.18867 595
## [66] {Gothic® 3} => {Gothic II: Gold Edition} 0.001085095 0.3911900 0.002773832 112.18867 595
## [67] {Zup! 2} => {Zup! 6} 0.001008500 0.2052710 0.004913019 110.89466 553
## [68] {Zup! 6} => {Zup! 2} 0.001008500 0.5448276 0.001851045 110.89466 553
## [69] {Zup!} => {Zup! 4} 0.001522781 0.2674568 0.005693558 110.60103 835
## [70] {Zup! 4} => {Zup!} 0.001522781 0.6297134 0.002418212 110.60103 835
## [71] {Kingdom Rush Frontiers - Tower Defense} => {Kingdom Rush - Tower Defense} 0.001207282 0.4603616 0.002622465 108.94874 662
## [72] {Kingdom Rush - Tower Defense} => {Kingdom Rush Frontiers - Tower Defense} 0.001207282 0.2857143 0.004225488 108.94874 662
## [73] {Five Nights at Freddy's 3} => {Five Nights at Freddy's 2} 0.001531899 0.5475880 0.002797539 105.61515 840
## [74] {Five Nights at Freddy's 2} => {Five Nights at Freddy's 3} 0.001531899 0.2954625 0.005184749 105.61515 840
## [75] {The Room 4: Old Sins} => {The Room Three} 0.001535546 0.4170381 0.003682029 105.13944 842
## [76] {The Room Three} => {The Room 4: Old Sins} 0.001535546 0.3871264 0.003966524 105.13944 842
## [77] {Zup! 3} => {Zup! 2} 0.001909403 0.5160177 0.003700266 105.03068 1047
## [78] {Zup! 2} => {Zup! 3} 0.001909403 0.3886414 0.004913019 105.03068 1047
## [79] {STEINS;GATE} => {STEINS;GATE 0} 0.001761684 0.2670722 0.006596284 104.08392 966
## [80] {STEINS;GATE 0} => {STEINS;GATE} 0.001761684 0.6865672 0.002565931 104.08392 966
## [81] {Zup! 5} => {Zup!} 0.001314880 0.5713154 0.002301496 100.34417 721
## [82] {Zup!} => {Zup! 5} 0.001314880 0.2309417 0.005693558 100.34417 721
## [83] {Zup! Zero} => {Zup!} 0.001168985 0.5647577 0.002069887 99.19240 641
## [84] {Zup!} => {Zup! Zero} 0.001168985 0.2053171 0.005693558 99.19240 641
## [85] {Zup! 6} => {Zup!} 0.001019442 0.5507389 0.001851045 96.73018 559
## [86] {Zup!} => {Zup! 6} 0.001019442 0.1790519 0.005693558 96.73018 559
## [87] {Library Of Ruina} => {Lobotomy Corporation | Monster Management Simulation} 0.001258346 0.4161641 0.003023677 95.04331 690
## [88] {Lobotomy Corporation | Monster Management Simulation} => {Library Of Ruina} 0.001258346 0.2873803 0.004378678 95.04331 690
## [89] {NEKOPARA Extra} => {NEKOPARA Vol. 3} 0.001380533 0.5493469 0.002513044 93.84060 757
## [90] {NEKOPARA Vol. 3} => {NEKOPARA Extra} 0.001380533 0.2358255 0.005854043 93.84060 757
## [91] {Batman: The Enemy Within - The Telltale Series} => {Batman - The Telltale Series} 0.002181132 0.5594013 0.003899048 92.50348 1196
## [92] {Batman - The Telltale Series} => {Batman: The Enemy Within - The Telltale Series} 0.002181132 0.3606755 0.006047354 92.50348 1196
## [93] {The Room Three} => {The Room Two} 0.002286906 0.5765517 0.003966524 91.29246 1254
## [94] {The Room Two} => {The Room Three} 0.002286906 0.3621138 0.006315436 91.29246 1254
## [95] {Zup! 2} => {Zup!} 0.002538576 0.5167038 0.004913019 90.75235 1392
## [96] {Zup!} => {Zup! 2} 0.002538576 0.4458680 0.005693558 90.75235 1392
## [97] {Max Payne 2: The Fall of Max Payne} => {Max Payne} 0.002923374 0.6230082 0.004692353 90.25619 1603
## [98] {Max Payne} => {Max Payne 2: The Fall of Max Payne} 0.002923374 0.4235139 0.006902664 90.25619 1603
## [99] {Gothic 1} => {Gothic® 3} 0.001041327 0.2501095 0.004163483 90.16752 571
## [100] {Gothic® 3} => {Gothic 1} 0.001041327 0.3754109 0.002773832 90.16752 571Almost all of the listed rules are related to each other by being in the same series of games. It’s an interesting pattern and it’s probably related to the fact, that many games in the same series are sold together, especially on some sales. Players could have similar opinions about them and they give positive recommendations to them for all games of the series.
plot(associationRules)
plot(associationRules, measure=c("support","lift"), shading="confidence")
Pairs with high lift have low support with high confidence. Because of the nature of recommendations, support could not be a good predictor for us to use. Relations between popular games could have big support because many people play them, but this could not be related to being interested in playing similar games to them.
Games Recommendations
Because we have such a big number of rules, let us filter those that are below 1 in the lift statistic(to have only pairs positively dependent on one another)
associationRules <- subset(associationRules, lift > 1)
summary(associationRules)## set of 45512 rules
##
## rule length distribution (lhs + rhs):sizes
## 1 2
## 10 45502
##
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 1 2 2 2 2 2
##
## summary of quality measures:
## support confidence coverage lift
## Min. :0.001001 Min. :0.01013 Min. :0.001492 Min. : 1.000
## 1st Qu.:0.001185 1st Qu.:0.04023 1st Qu.:0.018642 1st Qu.: 1.529
## Median :0.001475 Median :0.06083 Median :0.027425 Median : 2.045
## Mean :0.001852 Mean :0.07566 Mean :0.032218 Mean : 3.253
## 3rd Qu.:0.002077 3rd Qu.:0.09256 3rd Qu.:0.040103 3rd Qu.: 2.983
## Max. :0.048258 Max. :0.79682 Max. :1.000000 Max. :345.531
## count
## Min. : 549
## 1st Qu.: 650
## Median : 809
## Mean : 1016
## 3rd Qu.: 1139
## Max. :26462
##
## mining info:
## data ntransactions support confidence
## matrix2 548339 0.001 0.01
## call
## apriori(data = matrix2, parameter = ruleParameters)Let’s search for games relations with each other, which are not in the same series. To make it, we must transform data from the apriori algorithm and add information about the release date on Steam, publisher, developer, and name.
associationRules <- as(associationRules, "data.frame")
rules <- sapply(associationRules$rules, function(x){
x = gsub("[\\{\\}]", "", regmatches(x, gregexpr("\\{.*\\}", x))[[1]])
x = gsub("=>",",",x)
x = str_replace_all(x," ","")
return( x )
})
rules <- as.character(rules)
rules <- str_split(rules, ",")
associationRules$gameLeftSide <- sapply( rules, "[[", 1)
associationRules$gameRightSide <- sapply( rules, "[[", 2)
associationRules$gameLeftSide <- as.numeric(associationRules$gameLeftSide)
associationRules$gameRightSide <- as.numeric(associationRules$gameRightSide)
associationRules$rules <- NULL
associationRules <- associationRules %>% left_join(dane2, by = c("gameLeftSide" = "app_id"))
associationRules$gameLeftSide <- NULL
columnNames <- colnames(associationRules)
columnNames[7:10] <- str_c("Left_", columnNames[7:10])
colnames(associationRules) <- columnNames
associationRules <- associationRules %>% left_join(dane2, by = c("gameRightSide" = "app_id"))
associationRules$gameRightSide <- NULL
columnNames <- colnames(associationRules)
columnNames[10:13] <- str_c("Right_", columnNames[10:13])
colnames(associationRules) <- columnNames
colnames(associationRules)[colnames(associationRules) == "Left_Release date"] <- "Left_year"
colnames(associationRules)[colnames(associationRules) == "Right_Release date"] <- "Right_year"
colnames(associationRules)## [1] "support" "confidence" "coverage" "lift"
## [5] "count" "Left_Name" "Left_year" "Left_Developers"
## [9] "Left_Publishers" "Right_Name" "Right_year" "Right_Developers"
## [13] "Right_Publishers"I delete observations with the same publisher and developer to search for other relations between games.
associationRules <- arrange(associationRules, desc(lift))
associationRules <- select(associationRules, Left_Name, Left_year, Right_Name, Right_year, support, confidence, lift, Left_Developers, Right_Developers, Right_Publishers, Left_Publishers)
associationRules <- associationRules[associationRules$Left_Developers != associationRules$Right_Developers, ]
associationRules <- associationRules[associationRules$Left_Publishers != associationRules$Right_Publishers, ]
associationRules2 <- select(associationRules, Left_Name, Left_year, Right_Name, Right_year, support, confidence, lift)
head(associationRules2, 150)## Left_Name Left_year
## 47 Hyperdimension Neptunia Re;Birth1 2015
## 48 Hyperdimension Neptunia Re;Birth2: Sisters Generation 2015
## 175 F.E.A.R. 3 2011
## 176 F.E.A.R. 2: Project Origin 2009
## 181 Total War: EMPIRE – Definitive Edition 2009
## 182 Total War: NAPOLEON – Definitive Edition 2010
## 197 STAR WARS™ Knights of the Old Republic™ II - The Sith Lords™ 2012
## 198 STAR WARS™ - Knights of the Old Republic™ 2009
## 259 Resident Evil 0 2016
## 260 Resident Evil Revelations 2013
## 263 Resident Evil Revelations 2013
## 264 Resident Evil Revelations 2 2015
## 279 Farming Simulator 17 2016
## 280 Farming Simulator 19 2018
## 307 F.E.A.R. 2010
## 308 F.E.A.R. 3 2011
## 309 Life is Strange 2 2018
## 310 Life is Strange: True Colors 2021
## 321 DOOM 64 2020
## 322 Ultimate Doom 2007
## 323 Project Wingman 2020
## 324 ACE COMBAT™ 7: SKIES UNKNOWN 2019
## 333 SCARLET NEXUS 2021
## 334 Tales of Arise 2021
## 337 Blood: Fresh Supply™ 2019
## 338 DUSK 2018
## 365 Ion Fury 2019
## 366 DUSK 2018
## 369 Pillars of Eternity II: Deadfire 2018
## 370 Pathfinder: Kingmaker - Enhanced Plus Edition 2018
## 373 Resident Evil 2015
## 374 Resident Evil Revelations 2013
## 383 Stormworks: Build and Rescue 2020
## 384 Brick Rigs 2016
## 391 Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous 2021
## 392 Pillars of Eternity II: Deadfire 2018
## 401 Total War: MEDIEVAL II – Definitive Edition 2006
## 402 Total War: ATTILA 2015
## 409 Total War: NAPOLEON – Definitive Edition 2010
## 410 Total War™: ROME II - Emperor Edition 2013
## 415 Total War™: ROME II - Emperor Edition 2013
## 416 Total War: EMPIRE – Definitive Edition 2009
## 449 Automation - The Car Company Tycoon Game 2015
## 450 BeamNG.drive 2015
## 451 Total War: WARHAMMER III 2022
## 452 Total War: WARHAMMER II 2017
## 459 Ultimate Doom 2007
## 460 QUAKE 2007
## 467 Resident Evil 0 2016
## 468 Resident Evil 5 2009
## 473 Devil May Cry 4 Special Edition 2015
## 474 DmC: Devil May Cry 2013
## 487 Injustice™ 2 2017
## 488 Injustice: Gods Among Us Ultimate Edition 2013
## 491 The Walking Dead: Saints & Sinners 2020
## 492 BONEWORKS 2019
## 503 Mafia III: Definitive Edition 2020
## 504 Mafia II: Definitive Edition 2020
## 505 Total War: MEDIEVAL II – Definitive Edition 2006
## 506 Total War™: ROME II - Emperor Edition 2013
## 507 The Walking Dead: Michonne - A Telltale Miniseries 2016
## 508 The Wolf Among Us 2013
## 525 Total War: WARHAMMER 2016
## 526 Total War: WARHAMMER III 2022
## 527 QUAKE 2007
## 528 DUSK 2018
## 551 Total War: WARHAMMER 2016
## 552 Total War: WARHAMMER II 2017
## 553 BONELAB 2022
## 554 Blade and Sorcery 2018
## 557 Deus Ex: Human Revolution - Director's Cut 2013
## 558 Deus Ex: Mankind Divided 2016
## 559 The Walking Dead: Saints & Sinners 2020
## 560 Pavlov VR 2017
## 561 Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous 2021
## 562 Baldur's Gate 3 2020
## 563 XCOM®: Chimera Squad 2020
## 564 XCOM® 2 2016
## 567 Tales of Berseria™ 2017
## 568 Tales of Arise 2021
## 569 Resident Evil 0 2016
## 570 Resident Evil 6 2013
## 581 Resident Evil 0 2016
## 582 Resident Evil 4 2014
## 585 Blade and Sorcery 2018
## 586 BONEWORKS 2019
## 591 GORN 2019
## 592 Pavlov VR 2017
## 595 Total War: ATTILA 2015
## 596 Total War: WARHAMMER 2016
## 601 The Walking Dead: Saints & Sinners 2020
## 602 Blade and Sorcery 2018
## 603 Gorilla Tag 2021
## 604 Pavlov VR 2017
## 621 The Wolf Among Us 2013
## 622 The Walking Dead: Season Two 2013
## 623 Total War™: ROME II - Emperor Edition 2013
## 624 Total War: SHOGUN 2 2011
## 629 DiRT Rally 2.0 2019
## 630 Assetto Corsa 2014
## 631 Company of Heroes 2006
## 632 Company of Heroes 2 2013
## 633 Resident Evil Revelations 2 2015
## 634 Resident Evil 6 2013
## 641 Assassin's Creed® III Remastered 2019
## 642 Assassin's Creed® Odyssey 2018
## 643 Hot Dogs, Horseshoes & Hand Grenades 2016
## 644 BONEWORKS 2019
## 647 Resident Evil 2015
## 648 Resident Evil 5 2009
## 649 Resident Evil 2015
## 650 Resident Evil 4 2014
## 655 GORN 2019
## 656 Blade and Sorcery 2018
## 657 Star Wars: Battlefront 2 (Classic, 2005) 2009
## 658 STAR WARS™ Republic Commando™ 2009
## 665 Pavlov VR 2017
## 666 Blade and Sorcery 2018
## 675 BONELAB 2022
## 676 Pavlov VR 2017
## 677 Ready or Not 2021
## 678 GROUND BRANCH 2018
## 681 Hot Dogs, Horseshoes & Hand Grenades 2016
## 682 Pavlov VR 2017
## 693 Pavlov VR 2017
## 694 BONEWORKS 2019
## 697 Post Scriptum 2018
## 698 Hell Let Loose 2021
## 701 Bayonetta 2017
## 702 Devil May Cry 4 Special Edition 2015
## 705 Resident Evil Revelations 2013
## 706 The Evil Within 2014
## 707 Resident Evil Revelations 2 2015
## 708 Resident Evil 5 2009
## 709 Last Epoch 2019
## 710 Grim Dawn 2016
## 715 CarX Drift Racing Online 2017
## 716 Assetto Corsa 2014
## 725 Borderlands Game of the Year Enhanced 2019
## 726 Borderlands: The Pre-Sequel 2014
## 731 Hot Dogs, Horseshoes & Hand Grenades 2016
## 732 Blade and Sorcery 2018
## 737 Tales from the Borderlands 2021
## 738 The Wolf Among Us 2013
## 739 Gorilla Tag 2021
## 740 BONEWORKS 2019
## 751 Beat Saber 2019
## 752 SUPERHOT VR 2017
## 763 Day of Infamy 2017
## 764 Verdun 2015
## Right_Name Right_year
## 47 Hyperdimension Neptunia Re;Birth2: Sisters Generation 2015
## 48 Hyperdimension Neptunia Re;Birth1 2015
## 175 F.E.A.R. 2: Project Origin 2009
## 176 F.E.A.R. 3 2011
## 181 Total War: NAPOLEON – Definitive Edition 2010
## 182 Total War: EMPIRE – Definitive Edition 2009
## 197 STAR WARS™ - Knights of the Old Republic™ 2009
## 198 STAR WARS™ Knights of the Old Republic™ II - The Sith Lords™ 2012
## 259 Resident Evil Revelations 2013
## 260 Resident Evil 0 2016
## 263 Resident Evil Revelations 2 2015
## 264 Resident Evil Revelations 2013
## 279 Farming Simulator 19 2018
## 280 Farming Simulator 17 2016
## 307 F.E.A.R. 3 2011
## 308 F.E.A.R. 2010
## 309 Life is Strange: True Colors 2021
## 310 Life is Strange 2 2018
## 321 Ultimate Doom 2007
## 322 DOOM 64 2020
## 323 ACE COMBAT™ 7: SKIES UNKNOWN 2019
## 324 Project Wingman 2020
## 333 Tales of Arise 2021
## 334 SCARLET NEXUS 2021
## 337 DUSK 2018
## 338 Blood: Fresh Supply™ 2019
## 365 DUSK 2018
## 366 Ion Fury 2019
## 369 Pathfinder: Kingmaker - Enhanced Plus Edition 2018
## 370 Pillars of Eternity II: Deadfire 2018
## 373 Resident Evil Revelations 2013
## 374 Resident Evil 2015
## 383 Brick Rigs 2016
## 384 Stormworks: Build and Rescue 2020
## 391 Pillars of Eternity II: Deadfire 2018
## 392 Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous 2021
## 401 Total War: ATTILA 2015
## 402 Total War: MEDIEVAL II – Definitive Edition 2006
## 409 Total War™: ROME II - Emperor Edition 2013
## 410 Total War: NAPOLEON – Definitive Edition 2010
## 415 Total War: EMPIRE – Definitive Edition 2009
## 416 Total War™: ROME II - Emperor Edition 2013
## 449 BeamNG.drive 2015
## 450 Automation - The Car Company Tycoon Game 2015
## 451 Total War: WARHAMMER II 2017
## 452 Total War: WARHAMMER III 2022
## 459 QUAKE 2007
## 460 Ultimate Doom 2007
## 467 Resident Evil 5 2009
## 468 Resident Evil 0 2016
## 473 DmC: Devil May Cry 2013
## 474 Devil May Cry 4 Special Edition 2015
## 487 Injustice: Gods Among Us Ultimate Edition 2013
## 488 Injustice™ 2 2017
## 491 BONEWORKS 2019
## 492 The Walking Dead: Saints & Sinners 2020
## 503 Mafia II: Definitive Edition 2020
## 504 Mafia III: Definitive Edition 2020
## 505 Total War™: ROME II - Emperor Edition 2013
## 506 Total War: MEDIEVAL II – Definitive Edition 2006
## 507 The Wolf Among Us 2013
## 508 The Walking Dead: Michonne - A Telltale Miniseries 2016
## 525 Total War: WARHAMMER III 2022
## 526 Total War: WARHAMMER 2016
## 527 DUSK 2018
## 528 QUAKE 2007
## 551 Total War: WARHAMMER II 2017
## 552 Total War: WARHAMMER 2016
## 553 Blade and Sorcery 2018
## 554 BONELAB 2022
## 557 Deus Ex: Mankind Divided 2016
## 558 Deus Ex: Human Revolution - Director's Cut 2013
## 559 Pavlov VR 2017
## 560 The Walking Dead: Saints & Sinners 2020
## 561 Baldur's Gate 3 2020
## 562 Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous 2021
## 563 XCOM® 2 2016
## 564 XCOM®: Chimera Squad 2020
## 567 Tales of Arise 2021
## 568 Tales of Berseria™ 2017
## 569 Resident Evil 6 2013
## 570 Resident Evil 0 2016
## 581 Resident Evil 4 2014
## 582 Resident Evil 0 2016
## 585 BONEWORKS 2019
## 586 Blade and Sorcery 2018
## 591 Pavlov VR 2017
## 592 GORN 2019
## 595 Total War: WARHAMMER 2016
## 596 Total War: ATTILA 2015
## 601 Blade and Sorcery 2018
## 602 The Walking Dead: Saints & Sinners 2020
## 603 Pavlov VR 2017
## 604 Gorilla Tag 2021
## 621 The Walking Dead: Season Two 2013
## 622 The Wolf Among Us 2013
## 623 Total War: SHOGUN 2 2011
## 624 Total War™: ROME II - Emperor Edition 2013
## 629 Assetto Corsa 2014
## 630 DiRT Rally 2.0 2019
## 631 Company of Heroes 2 2013
## 632 Company of Heroes 2006
## 633 Resident Evil 6 2013
## 634 Resident Evil Revelations 2 2015
## 641 Assassin's Creed® Odyssey 2018
## 642 Assassin's Creed® III Remastered 2019
## 643 BONEWORKS 2019
## 644 Hot Dogs, Horseshoes & Hand Grenades 2016
## 647 Resident Evil 5 2009
## 648 Resident Evil 2015
## 649 Resident Evil 4 2014
## 650 Resident Evil 2015
## 655 Blade and Sorcery 2018
## 656 GORN 2019
## 657 STAR WARS™ Republic Commando™ 2009
## 658 Star Wars: Battlefront 2 (Classic, 2005) 2009
## 665 Blade and Sorcery 2018
## 666 Pavlov VR 2017
## 675 Pavlov VR 2017
## 676 BONELAB 2022
## 677 GROUND BRANCH 2018
## 678 Ready or Not 2021
## 681 Pavlov VR 2017
## 682 Hot Dogs, Horseshoes & Hand Grenades 2016
## 693 BONEWORKS 2019
## 694 Pavlov VR 2017
## 697 Hell Let Loose 2021
## 698 Post Scriptum 2018
## 701 Devil May Cry 4 Special Edition 2015
## 702 Bayonetta 2017
## 705 The Evil Within 2014
## 706 Resident Evil Revelations 2013
## 707 Resident Evil 5 2009
## 708 Resident Evil Revelations 2 2015
## 709 Grim Dawn 2016
## 710 Last Epoch 2019
## 715 Assetto Corsa 2014
## 716 CarX Drift Racing Online 2017
## 725 Borderlands: The Pre-Sequel 2014
## 726 Borderlands Game of the Year Enhanced 2019
## 731 Blade and Sorcery 2018
## 732 Hot Dogs, Horseshoes & Hand Grenades 2016
## 737 The Wolf Among Us 2013
## 738 Tales from the Borderlands 2021
## 739 BONEWORKS 2019
## 740 Gorilla Tag 2021
## 751 SUPERHOT VR 2017
## 752 Beat Saber 2019
## 763 Verdun 2015
## 764 Day of Infamy 2017
## support confidence lift
## 47 0.001322175 0.25156142 136.57518
## 48 0.001322175 0.71782178 136.57518
## 175 0.001128864 0.23734663 55.45224
## 176 0.001128864 0.26374095 55.45224
## 181 0.001356825 0.23754789 54.16082
## 182 0.001356825 0.30935551 54.16082
## 197 0.002181132 0.38692980 51.37257
## 198 0.002181132 0.28958838 51.37257
## 259 0.001223696 0.23494398 39.32508
## 260 0.001223696 0.20482295 39.32508
## 263 0.002199369 0.36813187 38.84184
## 264 0.002199369 0.23205696 38.84184
## 279 0.001030384 0.27467185 36.75288
## 280 0.001030384 0.13787213 36.75288
## 307 0.001220048 0.15726375 33.06513
## 308 0.001220048 0.25651840 33.06513
## 309 0.001143453 0.12036859 32.96843
## 310 0.001143453 0.31318681 32.96843
## 321 0.001048621 0.26546630 32.08409
## 322 0.001048621 0.12673573 32.08409
## 323 0.001586610 0.36159601 32.00600
## 324 0.001586610 0.14043584 32.00600
## 333 0.001196340 0.27287854 31.52759
## 334 0.001196340 0.13822166 31.52759
## 337 0.001116098 0.33849558 31.20550
## 338 0.001116098 0.10289173 31.20550
## 365 0.001123393 0.31589744 29.12221
## 366 0.001123393 0.10356422 29.12221
## 369 0.001046798 0.17047817 28.99498
## 370 0.001046798 0.17803970 28.99498
## 373 0.001572020 0.17233107 28.84489
## 374 0.001572020 0.26312576 28.84489
## 383 0.001075977 0.17701770 28.25785
## 384 0.001075977 0.17176128 28.25785
## 391 0.001094214 0.16727070 27.24118
## 392 0.001094214 0.17820018 27.24118
## 401 0.001092390 0.17084997 26.27137
## 402 0.001092390 0.16797532 26.27137
## 409 0.001168985 0.26652807 25.68953
## 410 0.001168985 0.11267358 25.68953
## 415 0.001484483 0.14308314 25.05047
## 416 0.001484483 0.25989783 25.05047
## 449 0.001325822 0.60532889 23.18077
## 450 0.001325822 0.05077170 23.18077
## 451 0.004116067 0.44367997 23.17240
## 452 0.004116067 0.21497285 23.17240
## 459 0.001323998 0.16001763 22.71981
## 460 0.001323998 0.18798550 22.71981
## 467 0.001789039 0.34348739 22.26593
## 468 0.001789039 0.11597115 22.26593
## 473 0.001533723 0.26012991 21.84370
## 474 0.001533723 0.12879020 21.84370
## 487 0.001010324 0.16571941 21.40142
## 488 0.001010324 0.13047574 21.40142
## 491 0.001482659 0.35736264 21.30418
## 492 0.001482659 0.08838878 21.30418
## 503 0.001400593 0.12979550 21.05679
## 504 0.001400593 0.22721893 21.05679
## 505 0.001395122 0.21819738 21.03114
## 506 0.001395122 0.13447003 21.03114
## 507 0.001037679 0.27988195 21.00892
## 508 0.001037679 0.07789185 21.00892
## 525 0.001798158 0.18987098 20.46661
## 526 0.001798158 0.19382740 20.46661
## 527 0.001559254 0.22138788 20.40948
## 528 0.001559254 0.14374580 20.40948
## 551 0.003508778 0.37049875 19.35031
## 552 0.003508778 0.18325555 19.35031
## 553 0.001364120 0.31455004 19.33199
## 554 0.001364120 0.08383770 19.33199
## 557 0.003244343 0.25861317 19.29356
## 558 0.003244343 0.24204082 19.29356
## 559 0.001123393 0.27076923 19.19252
## 560 0.001123393 0.07962771 19.19252
## 561 0.001367767 0.20908837 19.14365
## 562 0.001367767 0.12522959 19.14365
## 563 0.001856516 0.38531416 19.14313
## 564 0.001856516 0.09223521 19.14313
## 567 0.001068682 0.16497748 19.06102
## 568 0.001068682 0.12347240 19.06102
## 569 0.001590257 0.30532213 18.96896
## 570 0.001590257 0.09879900 18.96896
## 581 0.002257727 0.43347339 18.66287
## 582 0.002257727 0.09720477 18.66287
## 585 0.005082622 0.31237391 18.62218
## 586 0.005082622 0.30300065 18.62218
## 591 0.001034032 0.26080957 18.48656
## 592 0.001034032 0.07329369 18.48656
## 595 0.001130687 0.17386427 18.35867
## 596 0.001130687 0.11939149 18.35867
## 601 0.001220048 0.29406593 18.07306
## 602 0.001220048 0.07498319 18.07306
## 603 0.001316704 0.25476359 18.05802
## 604 0.001316704 0.09332989 18.05802
## 621 0.003078388 0.23107461 17.21332
## 622 0.003078388 0.22931667 17.21332
## 623 0.001491778 0.14378625 17.18475
## 624 0.001491778 0.17829119 17.18475
## 629 0.001623084 0.19782174 17.05020
## 630 0.001623084 0.13989312 17.05020
## 631 0.001331293 0.29979466 17.03338
## 632 0.001331293 0.07563983 17.03338
## 633 0.002595110 0.27381181 17.01130
## 634 0.002595110 0.16122819 17.01130
## 641 0.001187222 0.49468085 16.91841
## 642 0.001187222 0.04060375 16.91841
## 643 0.002471099 0.28264497 16.84989
## 644 0.002471099 0.14731463 16.84989
## 647 0.002363501 0.25909636 16.79544
## 648 0.002363501 0.15320960 16.79544
## 649 0.003558018 0.39004398 16.79305
## 650 0.003558018 0.15318781 16.79305
## 655 0.001075977 0.27138914 16.67936
## 656 0.001075977 0.06612867 16.67936
## 657 0.001568373 0.09193928 16.66575
## 658 0.001568373 0.28429752 16.66575
## 665 0.003806040 0.26977766 16.58032
## 666 0.003806040 0.23391616 16.58032
## 675 0.001004853 0.23170732 16.42375
## 676 0.001004853 0.07122544 16.42375
## 677 0.001433420 0.06465943 16.39172
## 678 0.001433420 0.36338419 16.39172
## 681 0.002018824 0.23091364 16.36750
## 682 0.002018824 0.14309721 16.36750
## 693 0.003849808 0.27288004 16.26775
## 694 0.003849808 0.22950641 16.26775
## 697 0.001168985 0.29403670 16.16683
## 698 0.001168985 0.06427354 16.16683
## 701 0.001119745 0.09375477 15.90145
## 702 0.001119745 0.18991649 15.90145
## 705 0.001105156 0.18498168 15.88111
## 706 0.001105156 0.09488023 15.88111
## 707 0.002314262 0.24417933 15.82847
## 708 0.002314262 0.15001773 15.82847
## 709 0.001035856 0.34676435 15.82164
## 710 0.001035856 0.04726244 15.82164
## 715 0.001442538 0.18234209 15.71601
## 716 0.001442538 0.12433197 15.71601
## 725 0.001608494 0.23532551 15.46849
## 726 0.001608494 0.10573004 15.46849
## 731 0.002188427 0.25031289 15.38403
## 732 0.002188427 0.13449899 15.38403
## 737 0.001612141 0.20349908 15.27536
## 738 0.001612141 0.12101300 15.27536
## 739 0.001322175 0.25582216 15.25084
## 740 0.001322175 0.07882148 15.25084
## 751 0.001721563 0.06486635 14.83886
## 752 0.001721563 0.39382562 14.83886
## 763 0.001112451 0.13794663 14.61672
## 764 0.001112451 0.11787440 14.61672Although cases of games from the same series still occur frequently, connections between games that are not from the same series can be seen, especially in the later positions.
Let’s try with a release date on Steam. Before 2005, only a few popular games had internet release on Steam, mostly from Valve Studio, which is related to Steam by the same owner. Because of that, for some games, especially older games, the release date is not the same as the premiere date.
associationRules %>%
filter(Left_year < 2005 & Right_year > 2020) %>%
arrange(desc(lift)) %>%
head(25)## Left_Name Left_year Right_Name
## 1 Counter-Strike: Source 2004 Borderlands Game of the Year
## 2 Half-Life 2 2004 Borderlands Game of the Year
## 3 Half-Life 1998 Borderlands Game of the Year
## 4 Half-Life 2 2004 Paint the Town Red
## 5 Half-Life 2 2004 The Stanley Parable: Ultra Deluxe
## 6 Half-Life 2 2004 Teardown
## 7 Half-Life 1998 Teardown
## 8 Half-Life 2 2004 Rec Room
## 9 Counter-Strike: Source 2004 Crab Game
## 10 Half-Life 1998 Muck
## 11 Half-Life 1998 Crab Game
## 12 Half-Life 2 2004 Totally Accurate Battle Simulator
## 13 Half-Life 2 2004 Muck
## 14 Counter-Strike: Source 2004 Muck
## 15 Half-Life 2 2004 Crab Game
## 16 Half-Life 2 2004 Halo Infinite
## 17 Counter-Strike: Source 2004 Teardown
## 18 Counter-Strike: Source 2004 Forza Horizon 4
## 19 Half-Life 1998 Halo Infinite
## 20 Half-Life 1998 Cookie Clicker
## 21 Half-Life 2 2004 Cookie Clicker
## 22 Counter-Strike: Source 2004 Call of Duty®: Modern Warfare® II
## 23 Counter-Strike: Source 2004 Halo Infinite
## 24 Half-Life 2 2004 Subnautica: Below Zero
## 25 Half-Life 2 2004 Resident Evil Village
## Right_year support confidence lift Left_Developers
## 1 2023 0.001391475 0.03393675 2.556160 Valve
## 2 2023 0.002002411 0.03243626 2.443141 Valve
## 3 2023 0.001230990 0.03112464 2.344348 Valve
## 4 2021 0.001145277 0.01855189 2.182052 Valve
## 5 2022 0.001267464 0.02053115 2.168342 Valve
## 6 2022 0.002483865 0.04023515 2.101391 Valve
## 7 2022 0.001590257 0.04020842 2.099995 Valve
## 8 2021 0.001054092 0.01707483 2.056401 Valve
## 9 2021 0.002525810 0.06160210 2.032176 Valve
## 10 2021 0.001263817 0.03195463 2.000453 Valve
## 11 2021 0.002290554 0.05791488 1.910539 Valve
## 12 2021 0.001572020 0.02546454 1.886409 Valve
## 13 2021 0.001829160 0.02962985 1.854915 Valve
## 14 2021 0.001179927 0.02877730 1.801543 Valve
## 15 2021 0.003308172 0.05358778 1.767794 Valve
## 16 2021 0.002589639 0.04194854 1.527561 Valve
## 17 2022 0.001192693 0.02908864 1.519234 Valve
## 18 2021 0.001688736 0.04118667 1.511968 Valve
## 19 2021 0.001617612 0.04090008 1.489382 Valve
## 20 2021 0.001037679 0.02623692 1.464745 Valve
## 21 2021 0.001508191 0.02443059 1.363902 Valve
## 22 2022 0.001276583 0.03113464 1.330865 Valve
## 23 2021 0.001491778 0.03638304 1.324893 Valve
## 24 2021 0.001260169 0.02041299 1.280984 Valve
## 25 2021 0.002097243 0.03397241 1.172113 Valve
## Right_Developers
## 1 Gearbox Software
## 2 Gearbox Software
## 3 Gearbox Software
## 4 South East Games
## 5 Crows Crows Crows
## 6 Tuxedo Labs
## 7 Tuxedo Labs
## 8 Rec Room
## 9 Dani
## 10 Dani
## 11 Dani
## 12 Landfall
## 13 Dani
## 14 Dani
## 15 Dani
## 16 343 Industries
## 17 Tuxedo Labs
## 18 Playground Games
## 19 343 Industries
## 20 Orteil,DashNet
## 21 Orteil,DashNet
## 22 Infinity Ward,Raven Software,Beenox,Treyarch,High Moon Studios,Sledgehammer Games,Activision Shanghai,Demonware,Toys for Bob
## 23 343 Industries
## 24 Unknown Worlds Entertainment
## 25 CAPCOM Co., Ltd.
## Right_Publishers Left_Publishers
## 1 2K Valve
## 2 2K Valve
## 3 2K Valve
## 4 South East Games Valve
## 5 Crows Crows Crows Valve
## 6 Tuxedo Labs Valve
## 7 Tuxedo Labs Valve
## 8 Rec Room Valve
## 9 Dani Valve
## 10 Dani Valve
## 11 Dani Valve
## 12 Landfall Valve
## 13 Dani Valve
## 14 Dani Valve
## 15 Dani Valve
## 16 Xbox Game Studios Valve
## 17 Tuxedo Labs Valve
## 18 Xbox Game Studios Valve
## 19 Xbox Game Studios Valve
## 20 Playsaurus Valve
## 21 Playsaurus Valve
## 22 Activision Valve
## 23 Xbox Game Studios Valve
## 24 Unknown Worlds Entertainment Valve
## 25 CAPCOM Co., Ltd. ValveassociationRules %>%
filter(Left_year > 2020 & Right_year < 2005) %>%
arrange(desc(lift)) %>%
head(25)## Left_Name Left_year Right_Name
## 1 Borderlands Game of the Year 2023 Counter-Strike: Source
## 2 Borderlands Game of the Year 2023 Half-Life 2
## 3 Borderlands Game of the Year 2023 Half-Life
## 4 Paint the Town Red 2021 Half-Life 2
## 5 The Stanley Parable: Ultra Deluxe 2022 Half-Life 2
## 6 Teardown 2022 Half-Life 2
## 7 Teardown 2022 Half-Life
## 8 Rec Room 2021 Half-Life 2
## 9 Crab Game 2021 Counter-Strike: Source
## 10 Muck 2021 Half-Life
## 11 Crab Game 2021 Half-Life
## 12 Totally Accurate Battle Simulator 2021 Half-Life 2
## 13 Muck 2021 Half-Life 2
## 14 Muck 2021 Counter-Strike: Source
## 15 Crab Game 2021 Half-Life 2
## 16 Halo Infinite 2021 Half-Life 2
## 17 Teardown 2022 Counter-Strike: Source
## 18 Forza Horizon 4 2021 Counter-Strike: Source
## 19 Halo Infinite 2021 Half-Life
## 20 Cookie Clicker 2021 Half-Life
## 21 Cookie Clicker 2021 Half-Life 2
## 22 Call of Duty®: Modern Warfare® II 2022 Counter-Strike: Source
## 23 Halo Infinite 2021 Counter-Strike: Source
## 24 Subnautica: Below Zero 2021 Half-Life 2
## 25 Resident Evil Village 2021 Half-Life 2
## Right_year support confidence lift
## 1 2004 0.001391475 0.10480769 2.556160
## 2 2004 0.002002411 0.15082418 2.443141
## 3 1998 0.001230990 0.09271978 2.344348
## 4 2004 0.001145277 0.13470613 2.182052
## 5 2004 0.001267464 0.13385978 2.168342
## 6 2004 0.002483865 0.12972664 2.101391
## 7 1998 0.001590257 0.08305553 2.099995
## 8 2004 0.001054092 0.12694926 2.056401
## 9 2004 0.002525810 0.08332331 2.032176
## 10 1998 0.001263817 0.07911862 2.000453
## 11 1998 0.002290554 0.07556251 1.910539
## 12 2004 0.001572020 0.11645501 1.886409
## 13 2004 0.001829160 0.11451079 1.854915
## 14 2004 0.001179927 0.07386688 1.801543
## 15 2004 0.003308172 0.10913248 1.767794
## 16 2004 0.002589639 0.09430203 1.527561
## 17 2004 0.001192693 0.06229165 1.519234
## 18 2004 0.001688736 0.06199371 1.511968
## 19 1998 0.001617612 0.05890557 1.489382
## 20 1998 0.001037679 0.05793117 1.464745
## 21 2004 0.001508191 0.08419874 1.363902
## 22 2004 0.001276583 0.05456813 1.330865
## 23 2004 0.001491778 0.05432328 1.324893
## 24 2004 0.001260169 0.07907988 1.280984
## 25 2004 0.002097243 0.07235890 1.172113
## Left_Developers
## 1 Gearbox Software
## 2 Gearbox Software
## 3 Gearbox Software
## 4 South East Games
## 5 Crows Crows Crows
## 6 Tuxedo Labs
## 7 Tuxedo Labs
## 8 Rec Room
## 9 Dani
## 10 Dani
## 11 Dani
## 12 Landfall
## 13 Dani
## 14 Dani
## 15 Dani
## 16 343 Industries
## 17 Tuxedo Labs
## 18 Playground Games
## 19 343 Industries
## 20 Orteil,DashNet
## 21 Orteil,DashNet
## 22 Infinity Ward,Raven Software,Beenox,Treyarch,High Moon Studios,Sledgehammer Games,Activision Shanghai,Demonware,Toys for Bob
## 23 343 Industries
## 24 Unknown Worlds Entertainment
## 25 CAPCOM Co., Ltd.
## Right_Developers Right_Publishers Left_Publishers
## 1 Valve Valve 2K
## 2 Valve Valve 2K
## 3 Valve Valve 2K
## 4 Valve Valve South East Games
## 5 Valve Valve Crows Crows Crows
## 6 Valve Valve Tuxedo Labs
## 7 Valve Valve Tuxedo Labs
## 8 Valve Valve Rec Room
## 9 Valve Valve Dani
## 10 Valve Valve Dani
## 11 Valve Valve Dani
## 12 Valve Valve Landfall
## 13 Valve Valve Dani
## 14 Valve Valve Dani
## 15 Valve Valve Dani
## 16 Valve Valve Xbox Game Studios
## 17 Valve Valve Tuxedo Labs
## 18 Valve Valve Xbox Game Studios
## 19 Valve Valve Xbox Game Studios
## 20 Valve Valve Playsaurus
## 21 Valve Valve Playsaurus
## 22 Valve Valve Activision
## 23 Valve Valve Xbox Game Studios
## 24 Valve Valve Unknown Worlds Entertainment
## 25 Valve Valve CAPCOM Co., Ltd.Here, relationships can be seen between Valve games from 20 years ago and the latest games on Steam.
Let’s extend the criteria to 2010 to see that between 2005 and 2010, bestsellers from developers other than Valve started appearing on Steam.
associationRules %>%
filter(Left_year < 2010 & Right_year > 2020) %>%
arrange(desc(lift)) %>%
head(25)## Left_Name Left_year
## 1 LEGO® Star Wars™ - The Complete Saga 2009
## 2 Fallout 3: Game of the Year Edition 2009
## 3 Killing Floor 2009
## 4 Resident Evil 5 2009
## 5 Left 4 Dead 2008
## 6 Mirror's Edge™ 2009
## 7 The Witcher: Enhanced Edition Director's Cut 2008
## 8 Half-Life 2: Episode Two 2007
## 9 Dead Space 2009
## 10 Team Fortress 2 2007
## 11 Team Fortress 2 2007
## 12 Portal 2007
## 13 Team Fortress 2 2007
## 14 Portal 2007
## 15 Garry's Mod 2006
## 16 Team Fortress 2 2007
## 17 Garry's Mod 2006
## 18 Team Fortress 2 2007
## 19 Plants vs. Zombies GOTY Edition 2009
## 20 Counter-Strike: Source 2004
## 21 Team Fortress 2 2007
## 22 Team Fortress 2 2007
## 23 Star Wars: Battlefront 2 (Classic, 2005) 2009
## 24 Half-Life 2 2004
## 25 Team Fortress 2 2007
## Right_Name Right_year support confidence
## 1 LEGO® Star Wars™: The Skywalker Saga 2022 0.001123393 0.13694976
## 2 Borderlands Game of the Year 2023 0.001081448 0.07536858
## 3 Borderlands Game of the Year 2023 0.001721563 0.07536324
## 4 Resident Evil Village 2021 0.002454686 0.15912046
## 5 Borderlands Game of the Year 2023 0.001223696 0.06621928
## 6 Borderlands Game of the Year 2023 0.001001205 0.06142314
## 7 Borderlands Game of the Year 2023 0.001159866 0.05460165
## 8 Borderlands Game of the Year 2023 0.001034032 0.04909941
## 9 Resident Evil Village 2021 0.001313056 0.09986130
## 10 MADNESS: Project Nexus 2021 0.001147101 0.01160645
## 11 Krunker 2021 0.001283877 0.01299037
## 12 The Stanley Parable: Ultra Deluxe 2022 0.001161690 0.02730624
## 13 My Singing Monsters 2021 0.001577491 0.01596118
## 14 Borderlands Game of the Year 2023 0.001544665 0.03630830
## 15 Paint the Town Red 2021 0.001209106 0.02271326
## 16 Rec Room 2021 0.002192075 0.02217958
## 17 Rec Room 2021 0.001170809 0.02199383
## 18 Muck 2021 0.004123362 0.04172049
## 19 Cookie Clicker 2021 0.001562902 0.04672591
## 20 Borderlands Game of the Year 2023 0.001391475 0.03393675
## 21 Totally Accurate Battle Simulator 2021 0.003337352 0.03376758
## 22 Gorilla Tag 2021 0.001272935 0.01287965
## 23 Halo Infinite 2021 0.001167161 0.06841993
## 24 Borderlands Game of the Year 2023 0.002002411 0.03243626
## 25 Crab Game 2021 0.007083209 0.07166845
## lift Left_Developers Right_Developers
## 1 13.855146 Traveller's Tales TT Games
## 2 5.676859 Bethesda Game Studios Gearbox Software
## 3 5.676457 Tripwire Interactive Gearbox Software
## 4 5.489961 Capcom CAPCOM Co., Ltd.
## 5 4.987722 Valve Gearbox Software
## 6 4.626470 DICE Gearbox Software
## 7 4.112667 CD PROJEKT RED Gearbox Software
## 8 3.698231 Valve Gearbox Software
## 9 3.445407 EA Redwood Shores CAPCOM Co., Ltd.
## 10 3.307832 Valve GIBBING TREE, LLC
## 11 3.189935 Valve Yendis Entertainment Pty
## 12 2.883875 Valve Crows Crows Crows
## 13 2.876154 Valve Big Blue Bubble
## 14 2.734788 Valve Gearbox Software
## 15 2.671507 Facepunch Studios South East Games
## 16 2.671190 Valve Rec Room
## 17 2.648820 Facepunch Studios Rec Room
## 18 2.611824 Valve Dani
## 19 2.608597 PopCap Games, Inc. Orteil,DashNet
## 20 2.556160 Valve Gearbox Software
## 21 2.501497 Valve Landfall
## 22 2.492031 Valve Another Axiom
## 23 2.491520 Pandemic Studios 343 Industries
## 24 2.443141 Valve Gearbox Software
## 25 2.364253 Valve Dani
## Right_Publishers
## 1 Warner Bros. Games,Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment
## 2 2K
## 3 2K
## 4 CAPCOM Co., Ltd.
## 5 2K
## 6 2K
## 7 2K
## 8 2K
## 9 CAPCOM Co., Ltd.
## 10 GIBBING TREE, LLC
## 11 Yendis Entertainment Pty
## 12 Crows Crows Crows
## 13 Big Blue Bubble
## 14 2K
## 15 South East Games
## 16 Rec Room
## 17 Rec Room
## 18 Dani
## 19 Playsaurus
## 20 2K
## 21 Landfall
## 22 Another Axiom
## 23 Xbox Game Studios
## 24 2K
## 25 Dani
## Left_Publishers
## 1 LucasArts,Lucasfilm,Disney
## 2 Bethesda Softworks
## 3 Tripwire Interactive
## 4 Capcom
## 5 Valve
## 6 Electronic Arts
## 7 CD PROJEKT RED,1C-SoftClub
## 8 Valve
## 9 Electronic Arts
## 10 Valve
## 11 Valve
## 12 Valve
## 13 Valve
## 14 Valve
## 15 Valve
## 16 Valve
## 17 Valve
## 18 Valve
## 19 PopCap Games, Inc.,Electronic Arts
## 20 Valve
## 21 Valve
## 22 Valve
## 23 Lucasfilm,LucasArts,Disney
## 24 Valve
## 25 ValveassociationRules %>%
filter(Left_year > 2020 & Right_year < 2010) %>%
arrange(desc(lift)) %>%
head(25)## Left_Name Left_year
## 1 LEGO® Star Wars™: The Skywalker Saga 2022
## 2 Borderlands Game of the Year 2023
## 3 Borderlands Game of the Year 2023
## 4 Resident Evil Village 2021
## 5 Borderlands Game of the Year 2023
## 6 Borderlands Game of the Year 2023
## 7 Borderlands Game of the Year 2023
## 8 Borderlands Game of the Year 2023
## 9 Resident Evil Village 2021
## 10 MADNESS: Project Nexus 2021
## 11 Krunker 2021
## 12 The Stanley Parable: Ultra Deluxe 2022
## 13 My Singing Monsters 2021
## 14 Borderlands Game of the Year 2023
## 15 Paint the Town Red 2021
## 16 Rec Room 2021
## 17 Rec Room 2021
## 18 Muck 2021
## 19 Cookie Clicker 2021
## 20 Borderlands Game of the Year 2023
## 21 Totally Accurate Battle Simulator 2021
## 22 Gorilla Tag 2021
## 23 Halo Infinite 2021
## 24 Borderlands Game of the Year 2023
## 25 Crab Game 2021
## Right_Name Right_year support
## 1 LEGO® Star Wars™ - The Complete Saga 2009 0.001123393
## 2 Fallout 3: Game of the Year Edition 2009 0.001081448
## 3 Killing Floor 2009 0.001721563
## 4 Resident Evil 5 2009 0.002454686
## 5 Left 4 Dead 2008 0.001223696
## 6 Mirror's Edge™ 2009 0.001001205
## 7 The Witcher: Enhanced Edition Director's Cut 2008 0.001159866
## 8 Half-Life 2: Episode Two 2007 0.001034032
## 9 Dead Space 2009 0.001313056
## 10 Team Fortress 2 2007 0.001147101
## 11 Team Fortress 2 2007 0.001283877
## 12 Portal 2007 0.001161690
## 13 Team Fortress 2 2007 0.001577491
## 14 Portal 2007 0.001544665
## 15 Garry's Mod 2006 0.001209106
## 16 Team Fortress 2 2007 0.002192075
## 17 Garry's Mod 2006 0.001170809
## 18 Team Fortress 2 2007 0.004123362
## 19 Plants vs. Zombies GOTY Edition 2009 0.001562902
## 20 Counter-Strike: Source 2004 0.001391475
## 21 Team Fortress 2 2007 0.003337352
## 22 Team Fortress 2 2007 0.001272935
## 23 Star Wars: Battlefront 2 (Classic, 2005) 2009 0.001167161
## 24 Half-Life 2 2004 0.002002411
## 25 Team Fortress 2 2007 0.007083209
## confidence lift Left_Developers Right_Developers
## 1 0.11365314 13.855146 TT Games Traveller's Tales
## 2 0.08145604 5.676859 Gearbox Software Bethesda Game Studios
## 3 0.12967033 5.676457 Gearbox Software Tripwire Interactive
## 4 0.08469137 5.489961 CAPCOM Co., Ltd. Capcom
## 5 0.09217033 4.987722 Gearbox Software Valve
## 6 0.07541209 4.626470 Gearbox Software DICE
## 7 0.08736264 4.112667 Gearbox Software CD PROJEKT RED
## 8 0.07788462 3.698231 Gearbox Software Valve
## 9 0.04530296 3.445407 CAPCOM Co., Ltd. EA Redwood Shores
## 10 0.32692308 3.307832 GIBBING TREE, LLC Valve
## 11 0.31527094 3.189935 Yendis Entertainment Pty Valve
## 12 0.12268875 2.883875 Crows Crows Crows Valve
## 13 0.28425895 2.876154 Big Blue Bubble Valve
## 14 0.11634615 2.734788 Gearbox Software Valve
## 15 0.14221364 2.671507 South East Games Facepunch Studios
## 16 0.26400176 2.671190 Rec Room Valve
## 17 0.14100593 2.648820 Rec Room Facepunch Studios
## 18 0.25813449 2.611824 Dani Valve
## 19 0.08725311 2.608597 Orteil,DashNet PopCap Games, Inc.
## 20 0.10480769 2.556160 Gearbox Software Valve
## 21 0.24723048 2.501497 Landfall Valve
## 22 0.24629499 2.492031 Another Axiom Valve
## 23 0.04250232 2.491520 343 Industries Pandemic Studios
## 24 0.15082418 2.443141 Gearbox Software Valve
## 25 0.23366623 2.364253 Dani Valve
## Right_Publishers
## 1 LucasArts,Lucasfilm,Disney
## 2 Bethesda Softworks
## 3 Tripwire Interactive
## 4 Capcom
## 5 Valve
## 6 Electronic Arts
## 7 CD PROJEKT RED,1C-SoftClub
## 8 Valve
## 9 Electronic Arts
## 10 Valve
## 11 Valve
## 12 Valve
## 13 Valve
## 14 Valve
## 15 Valve
## 16 Valve
## 17 Valve
## 18 Valve
## 19 PopCap Games, Inc.,Electronic Arts
## 20 Valve
## 21 Valve
## 22 Valve
## 23 Lucasfilm,LucasArts,Disney
## 24 Valve
## 25 Valve
## Left_Publishers
## 1 Warner Bros. Games,Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment
## 2 2K
## 3 2K
## 4 CAPCOM Co., Ltd.
## 5 2K
## 6 2K
## 7 2K
## 8 2K
## 9 CAPCOM Co., Ltd.
## 10 GIBBING TREE, LLC
## 11 Yendis Entertainment Pty
## 12 Crows Crows Crows
## 13 Big Blue Bubble
## 14 2K
## 15 South East Games
## 16 Rec Room
## 17 Rec Room
## 18 Dani
## 19 Playsaurus
## 20 2K
## 21 Landfall
## 22 Another Axiom
## 23 Xbox Game Studios
## 24 2K
## 25 DaniSummary
I analyzed recommendations made on the Steam platform. The biggest drawback is that, due to technical limitations, I had to focus on active Steam users. If less active users share the same preferences as those more active in writing reviews, the analysis is complete. If not, this could somewhat distort the relationships between different games. Another obstacle was the strong correlation between games from the same series. In summary, association rules can be a useful technique for analyzing such relationships.