Overview of basic features of ggplot

Figure 3.4

p <- ggplot(data = gapminder, mapping = aes(x = gdpPercap, y = lifeExp))
p + geom_point()

Figure 3.5

p <- ggplot(data = gapminder,
            mapping = aes(x = gdpPercap,
                          y=lifeExp))
p + geom_smooth()

## `geom_smooth()` using method = 'gam' and formula = 'y ~ s(x, bs = "cs")'

Figure 3.6

p <- ggplot(data = gapminder,
            mapping = aes(x = gdpPercap,
                          y=lifeExp))
p + geom_point() + geom_smooth() 

## `geom_smooth()` using method = 'gam' and formula = 'y ~ s(x, bs = "cs")'

## `geom_smooth()` using method = 'gam' and formula 'y ~ s(x, bs = "cs")'

Figure 3.7

p <- ggplot(data = gapminder,
            mapping = aes(x = gdpPercap,
                          y=lifeExp))
p + geom_point() + geom_smooth(method = "lm") 

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

Figure 3.8

p <- ggplot(data = gapminder,
            mapping = aes(x = gdpPercap,
                          y=lifeExp))
p + geom_point() +
    geom_smooth(method = "lm") +
    scale_x_log10()

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

Figure 3.9

p <- ggplot(data = gapminder, mapping = aes(x = gdpPercap, y=lifeExp))
p + geom_point() +
    geom_smooth(method = "lm") +
    scale_x_log10(labels = scales::dollar)

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

Figure 3.10

p <- ggplot(data = gapminder,
            mapping = aes(x = gdpPercap,
                          y = lifeExp,
                          color = "purple"))
p + geom_point() +
    geom_smooth(method = "loess") +
    scale_x_log10()

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

Figure 3.11

p <- ggplot(data = gapminder,
            mapping = aes(x = gdpPercap,
                          y = lifeExp))
p + geom_point(color = "purple") +
    geom_smooth(method = "loess") +
    scale_x_log10()

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

Figure 3.12

p <- ggplot(data = gapminder,
            mapping = aes(x = gdpPercap,
                          y = lifeExp)) 
p + geom_point(alpha = 0.3) +
    geom_smooth(color = "orange", se = FALSE, size = 8, method = "lm") +
    scale_x_log10()

## Warning: Using `size` aesthetic for lines was deprecated in ggplot2 3.4.0.
## ℹ Please use `linewidth` instead.
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

Figure 3.13

p <- ggplot(data = gapminder, mapping = aes(x = gdpPercap, y=lifeExp))
p + geom_point(alpha = 0.3) +
    geom_smooth(method = "lm") +
    scale_x_log10(labels = scales::dollar) +
    labs(x = "GDP Per Capita", y = "Life Expectancy in Years",
         title = "Economic Growth and Life Expectancy",
         subtitle = "Data points are country-years",
         caption = "Source: Gapminder.")

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

Figure 3.14

p <- ggplot(data = gapminder,
            mapping = aes(x = gdpPercap,
                          y = lifeExp,
                          color = continent))
p + geom_point() +
    geom_smooth(method = "loess") +
    scale_x_log10()

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

Figure 3.15

p <- ggplot(data = gapminder,
            mapping = aes(x = gdpPercap,
                          y = lifeExp,
                          color = continent,
                          fill = continent))
p + geom_point() +
    geom_smooth(method = "loess") +
    scale_x_log10()

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

Figure 3.16

p <- ggplot(data = gapminder, mapping = aes(x = gdpPercap, y = lifeExp))
p + geom_point(mapping = aes(color = continent)) +
    geom_smooth(method = "loess") +
    scale_x_log10()

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

Original graph

#Load the AirPassengers dataset
data("AirPassengers")

#Convert the AirPassengers time series to a data frame
air_passengers_df <- data.frame(
  Month = time(AirPassengers),
  Passengers = as.numeric(AirPassengers)
)

p <- ggplot(data = air_passengers_df,
            mapping = aes(x = Month,
                          y = Passengers))
p + geom_point(mapping = aes(color = log(Passengers))) +
    scale_x_log10() +
    labs(title = "Monthly Airline Passenger Numbers 1949-1961", 
         x = "Year", 
         y = "Passengers (log scaled)",
         color = "Log(Passengers)") +
    theme_grey()