Lab 1: Intro to R

library(tidyverse)
library(openintro)

Exercise 1

arbuthnot$girls

##  [1] 4683 4457 4102 4590 4839 4820 4928 4605 4457 4952 4784 5332 5200 4910 4617
## [16] 3997 3919 3395 3536 3181 2746 2722 2840 2908 2959 3179 3349 3382 3289 3013
## [31] 2781 3247 4107 4803 4881 5681 4858 4319 5322 5560 5829 5719 6061 6120 5822
## [46] 5738 5717 5847 6203 6033 6041 6299 6533 6744 7158 7127 7246 7119 7214 7101
## [61] 7167 7302 7392 7316 7483 6647 6713 7229 7767 7626 7452 7061 7514 7656 7683
## [76] 5738 7779 7417 7687 7623 7380 7288

Exercise 2

There is an apparent trend in the positive direction for the number of girls baptized over the years.

ggplot(arbuthnot, aes(year, girls)) + geom_line()

arbuthnot <-- arbuthnot %>%
  mutate (total = boys + girls)

Exercise 3

The proportion of boys being born fluctuates.

boy_ratio = arbuthnot$boys / (arbuthnot$boys + arbuthnot$girls)
ggplot (arbuthnot, aes(year, (boys / (boys + girls)))) + geom_line()

Exercise 4

The data set includes the years 1940-2002

arbuthnot <- arbuthnot %>%
  mutate(total = boys + girls)
present$year

##  [1] 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
## [16] 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
## [31] 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
## [46] 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
## [61] 2000 2001 2002

63 rows and 3 columns, named year, boys, girls

Exercise 5

Arbuthnot’s data set had 82 rows while the present data set had 63 rows.

dim(present) 

## [1] 63  3

names(present)

## [1] "year"  "boys"  "girls"

dim(arbuthnot)

## [1] 82  4

Exercise 6

Boys are being born in greater proportion, about 51% of the time over this time period.

ggplot(present, aes(year, (boys/ (boys + girls)))) + geom_line()

Exercise 7

The max number of births in the US was 4268326 in 1961.

present %>%
  summarize(max(boys + girls))

## # A tibble: 1 × 1
##   `max(boys + girls)`
##                 <dbl>
## 1             4268326

present %>%
  arrange(desc(boys + girls))

## # A tibble: 63 × 3
##     year    boys   girls
##    <dbl>   <dbl>   <dbl>
##  1  1961 2186274 2082052
##  2  1960 2179708 2078142
##  3  1957 2179960 2074824
##  4  1959 2173638 2071158
##  5  1958 2152546 2051266
##  6  1962 2132466 2034896
##  7  1956 2133588 2029502
##  8  1990 2129495 2028717
##  9  1991 2101518 2009389
## 10  1963 2101632 1996388
## # ℹ 53 more rows