act. 01
lazaro
2025-01-17
#Cargando
library(tidyverse)## ── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
## ✔ dplyr 1.1.4 ✔ readr 2.1.5
## ✔ forcats 1.0.0 ✔ stringr 1.5.1
## ✔ ggplot2 3.5.1 ✔ tibble 3.2.1
## ✔ lubridate 1.9.3 ✔ tidyr 1.3.1
## ✔ purrr 1.0.2
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
## ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errorslibrary(readxl)
datos <- read_excel("base_datos.xlsx")
datos<-mutate(datos,HC13=factor(HC13,levels = c("Medido", "No presente","Rechazó",
"Parcialmente medido","Otro")))
datos<-mutate(datos,HC55=factor(HC55,levels = c("Medido","No presente","Rechazo",
"Otro")))
datos<-mutate(datos,HC57=factor(HC57,levels = c("Grave", "Moderado", "Leve",
"Sin anemia")))
datos<-mutate(datos,HC61=factor(HC61,levels = c("Sin educación","Primaria","Secundaria",
"Superior","No sabe")))#Pregunta 1
ggplot(datos,aes(x=HC57)) + geom_bar(fill="skyblue",color="black") +
geom_text(stat="count",aes(label = ..count..),vjust = -0.5)+
labs(title="Nivel de anemia de los niños menores de 5 años",
x="Nivel de anemia",y="Porcentaje")## Warning: The dot-dot notation (`..count..`) was deprecated in ggplot2 3.4.0.
## ℹ Please use `after_stat(count)` instead.
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.
#Pregunta 2
frecuen <- count(datos,HC57)
frecuen <- mutate(frecuen,porcentaje=n/sum(n))
ggplot(frecuen,aes(x=HC57,y=porcentaje,fill=HC57))+
geom_col()+theme_bw()+guides(fill=F)+
geom_label(aes(label=scales::percent(porcentaje)),size=3.5,
position = position_stack(vjust=1.0))+
labs(title="Nivel de anemia de los niños menores de 5 años",
x="Nivel de anemia",y="Porcentaje")## Warning: The `<scale>` argument of `guides()` cannot be `FALSE`. Use "none" instead as
## of ggplot2 3.3.4.
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.
# Pregunta 3
frecuenc <- count(datos,HC57,HC27)
frecuenc <- mutate(frecuenc,Porcentaje=n/sum(n)*100)
ggplot(frecuenc, aes(x = HC57, y = Porcentaje, fill = HC27)) +
geom_bar(stat = "identity", position = "dodge")+
geom_text(
aes(label = paste0(round(Porcentaje, 1), "%")),
position = position_dodge(width = 0.9),
vjust = -0.5
) +
labs(
title = "Nivel de anemia según sexo en niños menores de 5 años",
x = "Nivel de anemia",
y = "Porcentaje",
fill = "Sexo"
) +
scale_y_continuous(limits=c(0,40),
breaks=seq(0,40,10),
labels = scales::percent_format(scale = 1)) + theme_bw()
#Pregunta 4
ggplot(frecuenc, aes(x = HC57, y = Porcentaje, fill = HC27)) +
geom_bar(stat = "identity", position = "dodge") +
geom_text(
aes(label = paste0(round(Porcentaje, 1), "%")),
position = position_dodge(width = 0.9),
vjust = -0.5
) +
labs(
title = "Nivel de anemia según sexo en niños menores de 5 años",
x = "Nivel de anemia",
y = "Porcentaje",
fill = "Sexo"
) +
scale_y_continuous(limits=c(0,40),
breaks=seq(0,40,10),
labels = scales::percent_format(scale = 1))+
theme_bw() + facet_wrap(~HC27)
#Pregunta 5
ggplot(datos,aes(x=HC53))+
geom_histogram(bins = 42,
colour = "black",fill="yellow"
)+ theme_bw()+
labs(title = "Distribución de nivel de hemoglobina en niños menores de 5 años",
x = "Nivel de hemoglobina",
y = "Frecuencia")
#Pregunta 6
ggplot(datos,aes(x=HC53))+
geom_histogram(binwidth = 4,color="black",fill="blue")+
geom_freqpoly(binwidth=4,color="red",size=1.0)+
theme_bw(base_size=10)+
labs(x="Nivel de hemoglobina",
y="Frecuencia")## Warning: Using `size` aesthetic for lines was deprecated in ggplot2 3.4.0.
## ℹ Please use `linewidth` instead.
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.
#Pregunta 7
ggplot(datos,aes(x=HC53))+
geom_histogram(bins = 42,
colour = "black",fill="blue"
)+ theme_bw()+
labs(title = "Distribución de nivel de hemoglobina en niños menores de 5 años",
x = "Nivel de hemoglobina",
y = "Frecuencia")+ facet_wrap(~HC57)
ggplot(datos,aes(x=HC53))+
geom_histogram(bins = 40,
colour = "black",fill="blue"
)+ theme_bw()+
labs(title = "Distribución de nivel de hemoglobina en niños menores de 5 años",
x = "Nivel de hemoglobina",
y = "Frecuencia")+ facet_wrap(~HC27)
#Pregunta 8
ggplot(datos,aes(x=HC53,fill=HC27))+geom_density(
size = 1.0,
kernel = "gaussian",
color = "red",
bw = 1)+
theme_bw(base_size = 15)+
labs(x="Nivel de hemoglobina",
y="Frecuencia",fill="Sexo")
ggplot(datos,aes(x=HC53,fill=HC57))+geom_density(alpha = 0.5,
size = 0.5,
kernel = "gaussian",
color = "red",
bw = 1)+
theme_bw(base_size = 15)+
labs(x="Nivel de hemoglobina",
y="Frecuencia",fill="Nivel")
#Pregunta 9
ggplot(datos,aes(x=HC57,
y=HC56,
fill=HC57))+
geom_boxplot()+
guides(fill=F)+
theme_bw()+
labs(
title = "Diagrama de cajas y bigotes de nivel de hemoglobina",
x = "Nivel de anemia",
y = "")
#Pregunta 10
ggplot(datos,aes(x=HC57,y=HC56,fill=HC57))+
geom_violin(adjust=1.0)+ # Menor valor muestra la distribución de la variable
theme_bw(base_size=10)+
scale_fill_brewer(palette="Set1")+
theme(legend.position = "none")+
labs(
x = "Nivel de anemia",
y = "") 
#Pregunta 11
circular <- count(datos,HC57)
circular <- mutate(circular,porcentaje=n/sum(n)*100)
circular## # A tibble: 4 × 3
## HC57 n porcentaje
## <fct> <int> <dbl>
## 1 Grave 12 0.0586
## 2 Moderado 1776 8.68
## 3 Leve 4780 23.4
## 4 Sin anemia 13898 67.9ggplot(circular,aes(x="",y=HC57,fill=HC57))+
geom_col(color="black")+
coord_polar("y",direction = 1)+
geom_text(
aes(x=1.5,
label=paste(porcentaje,"%")),
position=position_stack(vjust = 0.5),
size=5)+
theme_bw(base_size=14)+theme(line=element_blank(),
axis.text = element_blank(),
legend.position = "right") +
labs(fill="Nivel de anemia",x=" ")
ggplot(datos,aes(x=HC56,y=HC1))+geom_point(aes(colour=HC57))