Nationwide prevalence of VCI using random-efects meta-analysis and subgroup meta-analysis
Variable No.of articles No.of participants No.of cases Prevalence% tau Subgroup Diference
Pooled analysis 73 784846 5354 1.54 0.017 NA
Subgroup
Age
Overall 93 326036 1547 1.62 0.0156 <0.0001
<60 7 5944 29 0.19 0
61~70 28 97475 370 0.73 0.0076
71~80 28 152717 647 1.85 0.0134
>80 30 69900 501 2.91 0.0253
Sex
Overall 88 419301 2732 1.69 0.0183 0.8878
Female 44 210239 1408 1.66 0.019
Male 44 209062 1324 1.72 0.018
Survey period
Overall 73 784846 5354 1.54 0.017 0.0002
1985-1990 4 11054 74 1.01 0.0091
1991-1996 16 455992 768 0.64 0.0059
1997-2002 21 126522 998 0.79 0.0034
2003-2008 10 30630 793 2.55 0.0172
2009-2014 16 97270 1561 1.89 0.0131
2015-2023 6 63378 1160 4.77 0.0554
Screening of VCI
Overall 71 778060 4883 1.33 0.0125 0.9423
MMSE 58 466600 3382 1.32 0.0118
Other screening criteria 13 311460 1501 1.35 0.015
Diagnosis of VCI
Overall 73 784846 5354 1.54 0.017 0.1783
Criteria 1 34 488250 3293 1.4 0.011
Criteria 2 11 79137 1160 2.51 0.0211
Criteria 3 2 6275 117 1.86 0
Criteria 4 26 211184 784 1.33 0.0268
Study quality
Overall 73 784846 5354 1.54 0.017 0.5722
Low quality 27 367011 2129 1.62 0.0227
Medium quality 21 281949 1512 1.73 0.0213
High quality 25 135886 1713 1.3 0.0069
Province
Overall 69 691926 4164 1.56 0.0177 <0.0001
Beijing 11 21681 365 1.86 0.0089
Tianjin 3 8700 242 6.16 0.072
Hebei 3 46453 469 2.05 0.016
Jilin 1 895 32 3.58 0
Shanghai 9 47488 413 1.29 0.0099
Jiangsu 1 3268 16 0.49 0
Zhejiang 4 13404 115 0.99 0.004
Anhui 1 2749 27 0.98 0
Fujian 3 4564 39 0.6 0.007
Jiangxi 1 2126 14 0.66 0
Shandong 3 239167 427 1.16 0.0094
Hubei 1 10116 597 5.9 0
Hunan 3 17408 116 0.63 0.0037
Guangdong 7 20126 174 0.86 0.002
Guangxi 1 889 18 2.02 0
Hainan 6 209666 364 0.41 0.0037
Chongqing 1 1519 9 0.59 0
Sichuan 3 15248 50 0.33 0.0013
Guizhou 1 3229 18 0.56 0
Shaanxi 1 4850 54 1.11 0
Xinjiang 4 13083 595 4.69 0.0347
Taiwan 1 5297 10 0.19 0
Economic Zone-3
Overall 72 783020 5336 1.54 0.0171 <0.0001
Eastern 45 334194 1738 1.31 0.0128
Central 13 318914 1682 1.73 0.0167
Western 11 38818 744 2.16 0.0274
Eastern, Western 1 34807 295 0.85 0
Eastern, Western, Central 2 56287 877 1.56 0
Education years
Overall 42 47735 775 1.68 0.0147 0.0304
<1 14 14830 364 2.76 0.0206
1~6 14 15666 223 1.26 0.0072
>6 14 17239 188 1.01 0.0088
Region
Overall 26 296016 978 1 0.0059 0.4259
Rural 13 218744 524 0.91 0.004
Urban 13 77272 454 1.13 0.0079
Note:
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