Ôn tập

Cài đặt gói

library(xlsx)
library(ggplot2)
library(corrplot)
library(PerformanceAnalytics)
library(moments)
a <- read.xlsx(file.choose(), sheetIndex = 1, header = T)
data <- a[,-1]

Thống kê mô tả

summary(data)

##        DE              EN              GDP              ICT       
##  Min.   :1.097   Min.   :0.4312   Min.   :0.1363   Min.   :3.500  
##  1st Qu.:1.099   1st Qu.:0.4398   1st Qu.:0.4373   1st Qu.:3.883  
##  Median :1.101   Median :0.4441   Median :0.4652   Median :4.579  
##  Mean   :1.101   Mean   :0.4442   Mean   :0.4597   Mean   :4.295  
##  3rd Qu.:1.103   3rd Qu.:0.4486   3rd Qu.:0.4891   3rd Qu.:4.673  
##  Max.   :1.109   Max.   :0.4621   Max.   :0.5612   Max.   :4.702

Skewness

skewness(data)

##         DE         EN        GDP        ICT 
##  0.4599026  0.3280341 -2.3838328 -0.5422233

kurtosis

kurtosis(data)

##        DE        EN       GDP       ICT 
##  2.833257  3.170798 13.754269  1.629500

Biểu đồ histogram

hist(data$DE, freq = TRUE)

hist(data$EN)

hist(data$GDP)

hist(data$ICT)

Ma trận hiệp phương sai

cov(data)

##                DE            EN           GDP           ICT
## DE   6.448735e-06 -6.332956e-06 -3.977355e-05  9.232595e-05
## EN  -6.332956e-06  4.265379e-05  1.051757e-04 -8.715290e-04
## GDP -3.977355e-05  1.051757e-04  3.312511e-03 -8.090114e-03
## ICT  9.232595e-05 -8.715290e-04 -8.090114e-03  1.926845e-01