Table 1. Baseline Characteristics by Class Membership
Baseline Characteristics Overall
N = 284
1
Low Risk
N = 59
1
Moderate Risk
N = 179
1
High Risk
N = 46
1
p-value2
Age (Years) 37 ± 10 44 ± 10 36 ± 8 31 ± 8 <0.001
Gender



<0.001
    Male 134 (47%) 37 (63%) 67 (37%) 30 (65%)
    Female 150 (53%) 22 (37%) 112 (63%) 16 (35%)
Body Mass Index (BMI) 21.4 ± 4.9 23.1 ± 5.2 21.3 ± 4.8 19.6 ± 3.7 <0.001
Level of Education



0.3
    No Schooling 8 (2.8%) 2 (3.4%) 6 (3.4%) 0 (0%)
    Primary School, Not Completed 27 (9.5%) 9 (15%) 14 (7.8%) 4 (8.7%)
    Primary School, Completed 14 (4.9%) 2 (3.4%) 8 (4.5%) 4 (8.7%)
    Secondary School, Not Completed 129 (45%) 29 (49%) 79 (44%) 21 (46%)
    Secondary School, Completed 87 (31%) 12 (20%) 63 (35%) 12 (26%)
    Attended College/Univeristy 19 (6.7%) 5 (8.5%) 9 (5.0%) 5 (11%)
Type of Housing



0.15
    Single Family Home 44 (15%) 12 (20%) 23 (13%) 9 (20%)
    Multifamily Home 226 (80%) 43 (73%) 150 (84%) 33 (72%)
    Homeless/Informal Housing 14 (4.9%) 4 (6.8%) 6 (3.4%) 4 (8.7%)
Living in an Informal Settlement 39 (14%) 8 (14%) 22 (12%) 9 (20%) 0.4
Number of Household Occupants 6.1 ± 3.5 5.7 ± 3.3 6.4 ± 3.6 5.3 ± 3.2 0.10
Marital Status



<0.001
    Married/Divorced/Widowed 32 (11%) 27 (46%) 3 (1.7%) 2 (4.3%)
    Partner/Girlfriend/Boyfriend 33 (12%) 32 (54%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.2%)
    Single 219 (77%) 0 (0%) 176 (98%) 43 (93%)
Number of Children 2.03 ± 1.59 2.98 ± 1.78 2.23 ± 1.25 0.00 ± 0.00 <0.001
Employed 54 (19%) 21 (36%) 30 (17%) 3 (6.5%) <0.001
Monthly Income (Rand) 3,308 ± 3,693 4,418 ± 4,763 3,046 ± 3,487 2,897 ± 2,516 0.013
Receiving Government Grants 122 (44%) 20 (34%) 98 (56%) 4 (8.9%) <0.001
History of Imprisonment 33 (12%) 5 (8.5%) 19 (11%) 9 (20%) 0.2
Alcohol Use



0.011
    Never 121 (43%) 29 (49%) 82 (46%) 10 (22%)
    Former 139 (49%) 27 (46%) 84 (47%) 28 (61%)
    Active 24 (8.5%) 3 (5.1%) 13 (7.3%) 8 (17%)
Substance Use



0.001
    Never 247 (87%) 49 (83%) 164 (92%) 34 (74%)
    Former 34 (12%) 10 (17%) 15 (8.4%) 9 (20%)
    Active 3 (1.1%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 3 (6.5%)
Karnofsky Score



0.12
    90 or Higher 212 (75%) 44 (76%) 139 (78%) 29 (63%)
    80 and Under 71 (25%) 14 (24%) 40 (22%) 17 (37%)
History of DR-TB 51 (18%) 8 (14%) 34 (19%) 9 (20%) 0.6
History of an Opportunistic Infection 54 (19%) 11 (19%) 31 (17%) 12 (26%) 0.4
Viral Load Undetectable 132 (48%) 32 (57%) 82 (47%) 18 (42%) 0.3
Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%), unless otherwise indicated. P-values are based on Fisher’s exact test.
1 Mean ± SD; n (%)
2 Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test